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Anthelmintics used in animals to combat parasitic infections are mainly excreted in manure and cause negative effects on the environment and decomposers. Nematodes are associated with the rhizosphere; some are gastrointestinal parasites of animals, and others regulate insects and other arthropods (entomopathogenic nematodes) and are considered beneficial. The habitat and the similarities that exist among them give the opportunity to use nematodes as a biological model. The availability of target organisms is not always feasible; therefore, experimental studies with models similar to those of the target organisms are a possibility. In veterinary clinics, the study of drug susceptibility is a fundamental tool to monitor the development of resistance. To conserve the biodiversity of the environment, it is necessary to make adequate use of anthelmintics, avoid resistance to these pesticides and prevent the used products from damaging populations of beneficial organisms.

Introduction: The pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis K. Koch) is a species native to northern Mexico and the Southeastern United States; the two countries dominate pecan production worldwide. Objective: To determine the influence of temperature and irradiation on the starch concentrations in the root and trunk of C. illinoinensis varieties Wichita and Western. Materials and methods: Starch was quantified monthly during the July 2016 - June 2017 production cycle. Average monthly temperature and irradiation data were obtained from the INIFAP weather station at the La Laguna Experimental Field. Regression analyses were done using SPSS 18.0. Results and discussion: The Wichita and Western varieties showed a significant relationship (P Conclusion: The Wichita variety is the best adapted to high temperatures and irradiation rates in the Comarca Lagunera region.

[EN] The analysis of road safety is critical in road design. Complying to guidelines is not enough to ensure the highest safety levels, so many of them encourage designers to virtually recreate and test their roads, benefitting from the evolution of driving simulators in recent years. However, an accurate recreation of the road and its environment represents a real bottleneck in the process. A very important limitation lies in the diversity of input data, from different sources and requiring specific adaptations for every single simulator. This paper aims at showing a framework for recreating faster virtual scenarios by using an Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)-based file. This methodology was compared to two other conventional methods for developing driving scenarios. The main outcome of this study has demonstrated that with a data exchange file in IFC format, virtual scenarios can be faster designed to carry out safety audits with driving simulators. As a result, the editing, programming, and processing times were substantially reduced using the proposed IFC exchange file format through a BIM (Building Information Modeling) model. This methodology facilitates cost-savings, execution, and optimization resources in road safety analysis., This research was funded by the Spanish Center for Industrial Technological Development (CDTI), as well as the European Regional Development Fund, grant number EXP-00091379/ITC-20161077.

El estudio busca describir los formularios eucarísticos del tiempo de Adviento, particularmente los que se refieren a los días próximos a la Navidad en las actuales liturgias occidentales. El trabajo se divide en cinco apartados: se comienza con el estudio del Adviento en la tradición Romana, se indaga por sus antecedentes en los antiguos libros litúrgicos romanos. En el segundo se describe el Adviento de la liturgia Hispana, que no incluye ningún formulario propio para los días inmediatos a la Navidad y se continúa con el estudio de los formularios de Adviento en la liturgia Ambrosiana, que por influencia de Roma incluyó también unos formularios para las ferias antes de la Navidad. En el cuarto apartado se han querido reseñar, las pocas fuentes que se conservan de otras liturgias occidentales ya desaparecidas, para determinar si hay en sus fuentes algún formulario ferial que haga referencia a una preparación a la fiesta de Navidad. Finalmente, se presenta una síntesis.

A partir de las preguntas: ¿Qué otorga la eucaristía a la vida del consagrado? ¿qué debe significar para el religioso, con relación al fiel laico, la celebración de la eucaristía? se establece un estrecho vínculo entre eucaristía y vida consagrada, destacando la lectura del texto evangélico de Lucas 24, 13-35, como el modelo de una comunidad de consagrados que, descubriendo a Jesús después de un proceso inicial, alcanza una intimidad sacramental y litúrgica en la fracción del pan, la cual es fortalecida y adquiere una madurez para identificar y actualizar su misión. Se concluye que, por la eucaristía, el consagrado y aun todo cristiano, entra en un lenguaje de cristificación, de deificación y de unidad.

[Resumen] En el desarrollo de prácticas de laboratorio en algunas asignaturas del área de ingeniería de sistemas y automática, los alumnos recaban información relativa a equipos y componentes de diversas fuentes externas. Los resultados de su trabajo, que en muchos casos son de gran calidad, pasan al olvido una vez evaluados. Con el objetivo de poner en valor y mejorar el aprovechamiento de dichos trabajos, se propone la creación de un repositorio controlado de información, donde los estudiantes puedan recopilar parte del material necesario para la realización de sus trabajos, ejemplos de ayuda, y tutoriales realizados por otros estudiantes; pero además contribuir a ampliar la información mediante sus propias experiencias. En la implementación del repositorio, se hace uso de las herramientas proporcionadas por la G Suite for Education (GSFE), siendo el núcleo, la herramienta denominada Google Classroom. En este trabajo se describe la implantación y experiencia con este sistema como medio para gestionar un repositorio organizado donde sus denominadas “clases", toman contenido de unidades temáticas; con la versatilidad de su acceso desde dispositivos móviles y la capacidad de reutilización en asignaturas reales. [Abstract] In developing laboratory practices in some courses related to systems engineering and automation, students are expected to gather information on equipment and components from different external sources. However, the results of their research, which in many cases are of high quality, are forgotten once evaluated. In order to value and improve the use of these works, we propose the creation of a controlled repository of information where students can collect material required to carry out their labwork, examples, and tutorials made by other students, but also contribute to expand the available information through their own experiences. The implementation of the repository is based on tools recently provided by the G Suite for Education (GSFE), especially Google Classroom. This paper describes the development and experience with this system as a means to manage an organized repository where the so-called "Classes" take content from thematic units. The experience has shown advantages regarding versatility in the access from mobile devices and the capacity of reuse in real courses. Universidad de Málaga; PIE 17-118 http://hdl.handle.net/10662/8215

This research has been developed in the context of the projects HAR2015-64601-C3-2-R, HAR2015-65168-P, HAR2015-68554-P and GRE-03.

Gran parte del fosforo (P) contenido en los fertilizantes inorganicos aplicados al cultivo de papaya var. Maradol ( Carica papaya L.) se inmoviliza al precipitarse con algunos cationes del suelo (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Fe 3+ y Al 3+ ), quedando indisponible para las plantas. Una alternativa para dejar el P nuevamente disponible es el uso hongos microscopicos solubilizadores de este elemento (HMSP). Sin embargo, estos microorganismos son susceptibles a residuos de herbicidas en los suelos. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron aislar HMSP de la rizosfera de Carica papaya , evaluar en cultivo semisolido y liquido su habilidad para solubilizar Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 y FePO 4 , y determinar su susceptibilidad a los herbicidas glifosato y 2,4-D. De los 15 aislamientos obtenidos, SP5 solubilizo cualitativamente mejor el Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 con un indice de solubilizacion (IS) de 5.6, mientras que el mayor IS (1.4) para FePO 4 se observo con Beauveria bassiana SP9. En fermentacion liquida, Penicillium sp. SP1 (108.5 mg/L) y Penicillium hispanicum SP16 (106.5 mg/L) solubilizaron al 100 % el Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , en tanto que P. hispanicum SP16 solubilizo la mayor cantidad de FePO 4 con 39.6 mg/L. En los analisis de exposicion de los HMSP a herbicidas, P. hispanicum SP16 resulto tolerante al glifosato al obtener una concentracion letal media (CL 50 )de 5376.0 mg/L, valor mayor a la dosis aplicada en campo (1836 mg/L); sin embargo, fue susceptible al 2,4-D al obtener una CL 50 de 3256.0 mg/L, valor menor a la dosis aplicada en campo (3705.0 mg/L). La rizosfera de C. papaya alberga HMSP con potencial para el desarrollo de biofertilizantes, tomando en cuenta su capacidad para solubilizar fuentes inorganicas de P (Ca 3 [PO 4 ] 2 y FePO 4 ) y tolerancia a herbicidas convencionales (glifosato y 2,4-D).

Insecticides with new chemistries and botanicals were evaluated against the parasitoid Aenasius bambawalei Hayat. Ninety-four percent of the parasitoids died after application of least concentrations and 100% died after greatest concentrations of malathion, dimethoate, and curacron. Ninety-six percent of parasitoids died from acetamiprid at greatest concentration. Botanicals were safer. Maximums of 34.4 and 23.2% of parasitoids were dead at 48 hours after applications of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., and mint, Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., respectively. Lesser concentrations of botanicals can be used to manage cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, and have non-toxic effects on natural enemies.

The banana root borer [Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)] is the most harmful insect pest currently affecting organic banana plantations in Mexico. The use of entomopathogenic fungi to control C. sordidus populations is a biological control method that presents a promising alternative to conventional means. This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of native isolates of entomopathogenic fungi Cordyceps bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against C. sordidus adults under laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory assays, 12 isolates of C. bassiana and nine isolates of M. anisopliae were tested. In field trials, Cb174 (C. bassiana) and Ma148 (M. anisopliae) isolates and their co-application were evaluated. Cordyceps bassiana isolates Cb171 and Cb174 resulted in adult mortalities of 80.2 and 77.5% and had the lowest median lethal concentrations (LC50) of 6.4 × 106 and 5.4 × 106 conidia mL−1, respectively. Regarding the median lethal time (TL50), the most virulent isolates of C. bassiana were Cb171 and Cb190 with 9.49 and 9.55 days, respectively. For M. anisopliae, the Ma148 isolate was the most virulent (LC50 = 8.6 × 106 conidia mL−1 and LT50 = 12.61 days) and led to an adult mortality of 76.9%. In field trials, two tested isolates (C. bassiana Cb174 and M. anisopliae Ma148) were both able to reduce C. sordidus populations by 48.5% and their co-application by 38.1%. Percentage of mycosis in captured adults was over 50% for the entire evaluation period (1.6 months), which confirms the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi. Both Cb174 and Ma148 are good candidates for developing formulated products to use in the integrated pest management of C. sordidus in Mexican organic banana plantations.

The effect of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae Ma14 strain, D-limonene, and cypermethrin, alone and combined, on the mortality of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille larvae was evaluated. Eight separate groups with 25 tick larvae were inoculated with the fungus, cypermethrin, and D-limonene, and four groups were used as untreated controls. The groups were inoculated with serial dilutions of each treatment material: for example, conidial concentrations were 1 × 101, 1 × 102, 1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108. A complete randomized experimental design was used. Significant differences were obtained between fungal concentrations, with larval mortalities ranging from 29 to 100%; the D-limonene concentrations showed significant differences, with mortalities that ranged from 47.9 to 82.6%, and cypermethrin mortalities ranged from 69.9 to 89.9% when each was applied alone. In the combined application, the serial dilution of the Ma14 fungus plus cypermethrin at 0.1% concentration caused mortalities ranging from 92.9 to 100%; the mix of serially diluted Ma14 plus D-limonene at 0.1% caused mortalities from 10.3 to 100%; and the mix consisting of serially diluted D-limonene plus cypermethrin at 0.1% caused mortalities from 7.4 to 35.9%. Further laboratory and field research could show that these materials, alone and in combinations, are useful in future tick management and control programs.

This paper analyses the effect achieved by products packaged for marketing, imported in the extensive group of ovoid amphorae, based on the analysis of closed and well-dated contexts of Hispania Citerior/Tarraconensis, mainly of the Late-Republican period. The link between Brindisian and Ancient African amphorae, which constitutes the framework of the Hispanic ovoid amphorae, is also emphasised. From the middle of the 1st century BC, exports of Hispanic origin in ovoid amphorae are widespread: a major milestone that indicates the complete integration of Hispanic agricultural and commercial productions into the Mediterranean markets. The paper also looks at, first, the impact of different products, emphasizing the role of amphorae of the type Tarraconense 1 that were preferably distributed in the north-eastern area of the Iberian Peninsula, and, then, the emergence of imports in ovoid amphorae from the Guadalquivir from the middle of the 1st century BC, especially that of Ovid 1/LC67 amphorae, alongside the regular presence of the other ovoid amphorae in the contexts of the territories under scrutiny. It is also pointed out that there is a morphological connection between all these amphorae, and that such a connection could be due to a shift in economic interests from Italy to the provinces. A partir del análisis de contextos anfóricos cerrados y bien datados de Hispania Citerior/Tarraconense, principalmente de época tardorrepublicana, se analiza el calado que tuvieron las importaciones de productos comercializables envasados en la amplia familia de ánforas ovoides. Se remarca la asociación de las ánforas de Brindisi y las Africanas Antiguas, siendo los modelos de referencia de las ánforas ovoides hispánicas. A partir de mediados del siglo I a. C. se generalizan las exportaciones de origen hispano en ánforas ovoides, un verdadero hito productivo que indica la plena integración de las producciones agrícola-mercantiles hispanas en los mercados mediterráneos. Se analiza el impacto de las distintas producciones destacando la distribución preferente de las ánforas Tarraconense 1 en el área nororiental peninsular, la eclosión de las importaciones ovoides del Guadalquivir a partir de mediados del siglo I a.C., especialmente de las ánforas Ovoide 1/LC67, así como la presencia regular del resto de ánforas ovoides en los contextos de los territorios analizados. Se destaca la conexión formal de todas estas ánforas cuya causa podría estar originada por desplazamientos de intereses económicos desde Italia a las provincias.

En la Comarca Lagunera se estima que la superficie sembrada de nogal (Carya illinoensis) es de 9,208 ha-1, con un rendimiento aproximado de 1, 459 t de nuez ha-1. Las variedades que predominan en la Comarca Lagunera son Wichita y Western. Cuando la demanda de elementos nutritivos en las plantas no puede ser cubierta, estas dependen directamente de los compuestos almacenados. Uno de los elementos nutritivos más demandante por las plantas para su crecimiento y desarrollo es el nitrógeno (N); la falta de este elemento nutritivo puede provocar un bajo crecimiento. Se pretende tener conocimiento de la influencia de las variables ambientales (temperatura, irradiación y humedad relativa) sobre el porcentaje de nitrógeno almacenado en la biomasa de las dos variedades cultivadas en la zona de estudio (Western o Wichita) con la finalidad de contribuir al manejo agronómico. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue observar la variación del contenido de N en el tallo de nogal y desarrollar una función matemática que describa su comportamiento con respecto a variables ambientales (temperatura, humedad relativa, irradiación). El estudio se realizó en el campo experimental de la Universidad Agraria Antonio Narro Unidad Laguna. Se seleccionaron cuatro árboles de aproximadamente 30 años de edad de cada variedad. Se extrajeron virutas cada mes durante un año (julio de 2016 a junio de 2017). El porcentaje de N total se determinó mediante un analizador de gases, la biomasa se estimó mediante ecuaciones alométricas. Se realizó un análisis de varianza de dos factores (mes y variedad), para observar la diferencia entre el porcentaje de N en el tallo entre los meses. La relación de las variables ambientales con el porcentaje de N en el tallo se determinó mediante una regresión lineal múltiple. El porcentaje de N no fue afectado por los factores (mes y variedad). La temperatura fue la variable que más afectó el contenido de N total en el tallo del árbol en comparación con la humedad relativa e irradiación. No se encontró diferencia significativa entre los meses y las variedades (Western y Wichita). La predicción del contenido de N es menos precisa debido al tamaño del tallo del árbol. El nogal tiende a aumentar el contenido de N cuando se registran bajas temperaturas. Los compuestos almacenados pueden fluctuar en cualquier momento debido a su plasticidad.

Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adversely affects important crops such as cotton, okra, tomato, potato, and pumpkin. For the first time, this species was observed in a citrus nursery in the Sargodha Region of Pakistan. The principal objectives of this study were to determine the effects of several citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) cultivars, including Citrus reticulata Blanco (Feutrell’s Early, Seedless Kinnow, and Fairchild mandarin orange) and Citrus paradisi Macfad. (grapefruit), on feeding by S. litura, and the effects of these plants on the growth of the insect. Based on performance of 3rd instars, Feutrell’s Early and Seedless Kinnow supported maximum relative growth rates, high efficiencies of conversion of ingested food, and high levels of leaf consumption and larval weight gain, relative to the other citrus cultivars. Values of these parameters were lowest on grapefruit. Thus, the mandarin oranges Feutrell’s Early and Seedless Kinnow were more susceptible to damage than grapefruit. Resumen Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) es una plaga muy importante que ataca adversamente a muchos cultivos importantes tales como algodon, okra, jitomate, papa, y calabaza. Se reporta por primera vez a S. litura atacando en un vivero de citricos (Sapindales: Rutaceae) en la region de Sargodha, Pakistan. Los objetvos principales de este estudio fueron determinar los efectos del potencial alimenticio de S. litura sobre diferentes variedades de citricos incluyendo a Citrus reticulata Blanco (Feutrell’s Early, Seedless Kinnow, Fairchild) and Citrus paradisi Macfad. (toronja). El potencial alimenticio de larvas de tercer estadio sugieren que Feutrell’s Early y Seedless Kinnow soportan mayor tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR) asi como los valores mas altos de eficiencia de conversion de alimento ingerido (ECI), y consumo de area foliar entre las variedades de citricos. Los valores mas bajos de estos parametros fueron observados en la variedad de toronja. Los resultados indicaron que Feutrell’s Early y Seedless Kinnow fueron las variedades mas nutritivas y susceptibles entre las variedades citricos ya que mostraron los valores mas grandes de TCR, ECI, ganancia de peso larvario, consume de area foliar y perdida de peso de follaje; por el contrario, en la variedad de toronja se corroboro como la menos nutritiva para S. litura, ya que produjo los valores mas bajos de TCR and peso de excretas (PE). Palabras Clave: alimentacion; potencial de dano; tasa de crecimiento relativo; eficiencia de conversion de alimento ingerido; ecologia nutricio nal Citrus production is a significant component in the economy of Pakistan. Pakistan ranks 10th in the production of citrus in the world. Citrus crops cover an area of over 210,000 ha, with annual production of 2,237,000 tons (GOP 2013). The climatic conditions of Pakistan are appropriate for citrus cultivation (Syed 2007). Sargodha is the leading city for citrus production in Pakistan (Ashraf et al. 2014).

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 typically presents with a febrile illness and respiratory symptoms There are some reports of mild gastrointestinal involvement but no cases have been reported on severe gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in the immunosuppressed host CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: A 72-year-old male with a past medical history of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (Stage III) is undergoing cancer treatment with a curative intent via neoadjuvant chemoradiation (carboplatin and taxol) weekly He presents with nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, hypotension and a fever of 104° Fahrenheit He was pancytopenic and his absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was low at 1 64 K/μL CT Chest/Abdomen/Pelvis with contrast revealed a significant amount of new portal venous gas with abnormal mucosal enhancement and edema in the ileum, cecum, and ascending colon in conjunction with air seen within the mesenteric vessels;this was highly concerning for bowel ischemia The CT scan showed completely clear lungs His abdominal pain and distension worsened;surgery was necessary Prior to surgery, SARS-CoV-2 virus testing was required, and he tested positive Repeat CT scan showed spontaneous resolution of portal venous gas within hours of his initial CT The exploratory laparotomy showed a 90 cm long thickened ileus, consistent with neutropenic enterocolitis A complete infectious work up yielded negative results;only the COVID-19 test was positive and he did not improve with IV antibiotics Thus, we diagnosed him with COVID-19 induced neutropenic enterocolitis, which is typically associated with a bacterial superimposed infection DISCUSSION: COVID-19 manifests primarily as a respiratory disease There have been no reports of bloody diarrhea and/or neutropenic enterocolitis as a manifestation of COVID-19, making this a novel presentation Additionally, studies show that neutropenic enterocolitis develops with an ANC 1000/μL, which our patient had To add to the rarity of this presentation, he had extensive portal venous gas concerning for bowel ischemia which spontaneously resolved on its own This case highlights that immunosuppressed individuals are at greatest risk of morbidity and mortality with regards to COVID-19 and that atypical and non-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 in immunosuppressed individuals may occur

espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar los procesos de diseno en los contextos de aplicacion de software de simulacion, resaltando las tecnicas predictivas de multicuerpos, elementos finitos y modelado matematico. para la identificacion de sus caracteristicas de trabajo al aplicarlo en la suspension. El proceso definido se aplico en funcion de modelos, variables de diseno, optimizacion y la tendencia actual en la simulacion mecanica. La utilidad del modelo se evaluo para la aplicacion de optimizacion en funcion del componente objetivo de diseno, considerando varios criterios tales como caracteristicas cinematicas, conformidad, estabilidad del vehiculo y prueba de comodidad de conduccion. Se concluye que el modelo definido sirve como referente para establecer estrategias de simulacion y optimizacion. EnglishThe objective of this work was to characterize the design processes in the application contexts of simulation software, highlighting the predictive techniques of multibody, finite elements and mathematical modelling for the identification of its work characteristics when applying it in the suspension. The defined process was applied in function of models, design variables, optimization and the current trend in the mechanical simulation. The utility of the model was evaluated for the optimization application in function of the design objective component, considering several criteria such as kinematic characteristics, conformity, vehicle stability and driving ease test. It is concluded that the defined model serves as a reference to establish simulation and optimization strategies.

In the last few years it has been understood that the automotive sector requires a high contribution indesign, manufacturing processes and assembly, detecting it as an area of opportunity for development for that reason the higher education institutions cannot be purely academic, nowadays these training centers especially, technical education, are inseparable from the ability to interact on intellectual processes, scientific dialogues, development and innovation; Which includes teaching functions as: research, study, analysis and search of new areas of improvement opportunity, development, products manufacture. And desirables, feasible and viable services and products for the development of Ecuadorian society and industry. With passionate commitment to contribute in this evolution and innovation, the university has the great responsibility of linking andbeing participants to its students and teachers, in real projects with great impact, where is benefited the Ecuadorian industry by this contribution. En los últimos años se ha comprendido que el sector automotriz requiere un alto aporte en diseño, procesos de manufactura y ensamble, detectándola como un área de oportunidad para el desarrollo, es por esto que las instituciones de Educación Superior ya no pueden ser entes de cátedra puramente locales, especialmente los centros de formación técnica universitaria, es inseparable de su capacidad para interactuar en procesos intelectuales, diálogos científicos ampliados, desarrollo e innovación; incorporando a sus funciones de enseñanza: la investigación, el estudio, análisis y búsqueda de nuevas áreas de oportunidad para la mejora, desarrollo, manufactura de productos y servicios que sean deseables, factibles y viables para el desarrollo de la sociedad e industria ecuatoriana. Con el compromiso ferviente des ser parte de esta evolución e innovación, la universidad tiene la gran responsabilidad de vincular y a ser partícipes a sus estudiantes y docentes, en proyectos reales de gran impacto, donde la industria ecuatoriana sea la beneficiada con este aporte.

Bean leaf beetle (BLB), Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), exhibits considerable color variation but little is known about the underlying genetic structure and gene flow among color phenotypes. Genetic and morphological variation among four color phenotypes—green with spots (G+S), green without spots (G-S), red with spots (R+S) and red without spots (R-S)—were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and morphometrics, respectively. AFLP generated 175 markers that showed ≥80% polymorphism. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that genetic variation was greatest within phenotypes (82.6–84.0%); gene flow among the four phenotypes was relatively high (Nm = 3.82). The dendrogram and STRUCTURE analysis indicated some population divergence of G-S from the other phenotypes. Morphological parameters were similar among phenotypes except that R+S showed significant differences in weight and body-length. Canonical variables 1 and 2, based on average morphometric characters, accounted for 98% of the total variation; some divergence was indicated between G+S and R+S from each other and from the G-S/R-S BLB color morphs. The pattern of genetic variation indicated potential divergence of G-S and G+S from each other and from R-S and R+S. Although these results indicate that the four different color morphs are not genetically or reproductively isolated, there is some genetic differentiation/structure and morphological dissimilarity suggesting weak/incomplete isolation.

A través de este trabajo investigativo realizamos una propuesta al Colegio técnico Casita Azul con base a normativas y requisitos del banco Lafise Bancentro referente al uso y otorgamiento de la tarjeta de débito nómina. Dicha propuesta beneficiara a la institución mediante la aplicación de un nuevo sistema de pago a través de una serie de requisitos entre los que se encuentran: revisión y documentación correspondiente del personal, lo cual permitió proporcionar una idea de la situación de la institución. El análisis realizado permitirá aportar al mejoramiento de la institución con el objetivo de dar a conocer que la tarjeta de débito es un sistema de pago muy eficiente y de calidad y usarse como una herramienta financiera proporcionando ventajas y beneficios. Se conocieron los requisitos, beneficios y ventajas que brindara este sistema de pago a través del banco Lafise Bancentro Se llegó a la conclusión que el implemento de un sistema de pago por medio de tarjeta de débito, a través del banco LAFISE Bancentro beneficiara al personal de dicha institución en la administración de las finanzas y seguridad de su dinero.

The spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), is an important biological control agent of agricultural and forest pests; and it preys on eggs and larvae of lepidopteran and coleopteran species. Genetic variability among field samples collected from Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Florida and established laboratory colonies was examined using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism-Polymerase Chain Reaction (AFLP-PCR). Four AFLP primer pairs generated a total of 340 molecular markers for evaluation. Results from Analysis of Molecular Variance showed that the majority of the genetic variation occurred within populations (individuals from each sample site). Nei's method indicated reduced genetic diversity in laboratory populations compared to field populations. No major differences or deficiencies were apparent among the field samples from different areas or among the laboratory reared samples. We conclude that field populations are panmictic and laboratory reared spined soldier bug could be ...

Bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a common pest of soybean in the Midwest United States. However, there are currently no reports on the genetic variability of C. trifurcata. This study examined 15–30 individuals from 25 sample locations to estimate genetic variability and gene flow within and among C. trifurcata from across the Midwest. Amplified fragment length polymorphism generated 175 markers for analyses. Results from analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the majority of genetic variation was from within samples; only a small amount of the total variation was attributed to the variation among the samples. The GST for the entire C. trifurcata population indicated that the majority of genetic variation was found within the samples, further supporting the AMOVA results. The estimated average gene flow among the C. trifurcata samples was 1.83. The Mantel test revealed no indication of correlation between geographical and genetic distance for all the C. trifurcata samples. These findings show that C. trifurcata in the Midwest are genetically heterogeneous and part of a large, interbreeding population.

Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, is an economically important insect pest of citrus in Pakistan, Mexico, the United States and many other citrus-producing countries. Extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss at 5 and 7% and its oil at 1 and 1.5% concentrations were tested in comparison to synthetic insecticide abamectin 1.8% EC against P. citrella in nursery plantations of Citrus reticulata L. Control of all larval instars of citrus leafminer was good with application of abamectin and A. indica oil during fall 2015 and summer 2016. Abamectin suppressed 75–90% of P. citrella larvae both seasons. A. indica oil at greater concentration (1.5%) provided the most control (65–88%) like abamectin but at less concentration (1%), control decreased slightly. Larvae of P. citrella were more sensitive to A. indica oil than to extract. Like abamectin, A. indica oil also better controlled citrus leafminer larvae and might be considered a promising tool for management of citrus leafminer.

A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) belonging to the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae was conducted in three municipalities on the Pacific coast of the State of Colima, Mexico, to determine their occurrence and recovery frequency and predominant plant species in cultivated and non-cultivated habitats. Nineteen soil samples were collected: seven from non-cultivated habitats and 12 from habitats or areas cultivated mostly with fruit and grain crops and grasses. Of the 19 soil samples, 14 were positive for EPNs; the total prevalence was 73.7%. From the 14 positive soil samples, 12 steinernematid isolates (85.7%) and two heterorhabditid isolates (14.3%) were recovered. Irrespective of the locations, EPNs from the genus Steinernema were recovered from the three municipalities; EPNs from the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis were recovered from Armeria and Ixtlahuacan. Only steinernematid isolates were recovered from non-cultivated habitats. Most of the isolates were recovered from cultivated habitats, and our results suggest that there is a higher prevalence of EPNs in cultivated soils.

Fall armyworm larvae (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were collected from whorl-stage corn, Zea mays (L.), between the V 2 and V 4 stages, in 22 localities of Central, Chiapas, Mexico, called "La Frailesca" during late Jun 2009 to determine the occurrence of native entomopathogens and parasitic nematodes, and to determine the most parasitized instars. A total of 1,247 larvae were examined in search of native biological control agents. Overall total larval mortality was 16.36%. The percent larval mortality due to entomo- pathogens and parasitic nematodes was 12.99%. Hexamermis sp., probably albicans Siebold (Mermitha: Mermithidae) were isolated from 105 FAW larvae (8.42%) with highest incidence from the 4th, 5th, 6th and 3rd instars, respectively. A hyphomycete, Nomuraea rileyi Farlow (Samson), was recovered from 38 larvae (about 3.05% parasitism) with highest incidence in the 5th, 3rd, 4th, and 6th instars, respectively. Lowest percentage of FAW larval parasitism was caused by unidentified microsporidian or microsporidium (1.52%), infecting 19 larvae in the 6th, 5th and 3rd instars, respectively. First and 2nd instars did not show parasitism. This information is useful in designing future biological control programs.