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Las garantías constitucionales en los delitos de corrupción de fun- cionarios en un contexto socio-político coyuntural

SUMMARYThe cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons innervating the heart primarily reside in the stellate ganglion (SG), alongside neurons innervating other organs and tissues. Whether cardiac-innervating stellate ganglionic neurons (SGNs) exhibit diversity and distinction from those innervating other tissues is not known. To identify and resolve the transcriptomic profiles of SGNs innervating the heart we leveraged retrograde tracing techniques using adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing fluorescent proteins (GFP or Td-tomato) with single cell RNA sequencing. We investigated electrophysiologic, morphologic, and physiologic roles for subsets of cardiac-specific neurons and found that three of five adrenergic SGN subtypes innervate the heart. These three subtypes stratify into two subpopulations; high (NA1a) and low (NA1b and NA1c) Npy-expressing cells, exhibit distinct morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiologic characteristics. In physiologic studies in transgenic mouse models modulating NPY signaling, we identified differential control of cardiac responses by these two subpopulations to high and low stress states. These findings provide novel insights into the unique properties of neurons responsible for cardiac sympathetic regulation, with implications for novel strategies to target specific neuronal subtypes for sympathetic blockade in cardiac disease.

This text describes the history of a unique paradox and invites us to analyze the deep crisis into which Polish national Catholicism has plunged, understood both as a political structure and as a cultural bloc forming a precise conception of Polish identity. The Polish Catholic Church and the Law and Justice (PiS) government are the two major social forces of so-called national Catholicism. The paradox walks the path that stretches between a notorious alliance of the two entities in their early days and the increasing distancing of both since 2016. The text proposes two explanations of such remarkable swift. One is the nationalist stance of the Church in its alliance with PiS due to its anti-liberal refugee policy and attack on the judiciary, and the other is the transnational influence of Catholicism in Europe and especially the explicit intervention of Pope Francis, who supports the rights of refugees and calls on the most reluctant sectors of the bishops' conference to join Catholic orthodoxy. The result of such a paradox is the rift that has opened up between the liberal and nationalist factions within the Polish Church. KEYWORDS: Polish Catholic Church, Religious Freedom, Nationalism, Europe

espanolEl autor aborda la evolucion intelectual de Gustav Henningsen y como acabo por centrarse en uno de los grandes proyectos de investigacion documental: las relaciones de causas de fe. Analiza el interes de esta documentacion para un estudio cuantitativo del numero de procesados por la Inquisicion y sus diversas posibilidades para los estudios historicos. EnglishThe author addresses Gustav Henningsen’s intellectual evolution and how he ended up focusing on one of the greatest documental research projects: the relaciones de causas de fe. He analyses the interest of this documentation for a quantitative study of the number of accused by the Inquisition and its several possibilities for historical research. euskaraEgileak Gustav Henningsenen bilakabide intelektuala lantzen du, eta azaltzen digu nola, azkenean, ikerketa dokumentaleko proiektu handietako batean murgildu zen: fede-kausen dokumentuetan (relaciones izenekoetan). Aztertzen du dokumentazio horrek zer interes izan dezakeen Inkisizioak prozesatutako pertsonen kopuruaren analisi kuantitatibo baterako eta zer aukera eskaintzen dituen azterketa historikoetarako.

Introducción: la llegada de la pandemia de COVID-19 al Perú ha requerido una respuesta inmediata y múltiples cambios tanto en la atención médica como en la educación de los profesionales de la salud. La Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia implementó el Programa de Teleconsulta Docente (PTD), un proyecto que busca nuevos escenarios para la enseñanza y el logro de competencias en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. La escuela de medicina ofreció el PTD a la comunidad durante 21 semanas, con la participación de 40 profesores. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se elaboró un cuestionario para explorar las percepciones de la telemedicina en el escenario de la enseñanza. Resultados: más del 80% de los profesores y el 60% de los alumnos consideraron que la PTD podía utilizarse como herramienta de enseñanza. Más del 90% de los profesores y los estudiantes consideran que realizar la telemedicina no fue más difícil que hacer una consulta presencial. El 60% de los estudiantes y el 80% de los profesores perciben que los estudiantes deben desarrollar habilidades en telemedicina; el 80% de los profesores y estudiantes consideran que la PTD constituye un servicio de responsabilidad social. Profesores y alumnos consideran que el éxito en la implantación de una PTD está influenciado por el nivel de aceptación de la población (20,2%), el uso de la historia clínica electrónica (19,4%) y la formación en competencias digitales (18,6%). Conclusión: los profesores y los estudiantes del PTD perciben la telemedicina como una herramienta útil para evaluar los problemas de salud de la población. Ambos perciben que a través de las sesiones de telemedicina se podrían adquirir las habilidades necesarias para completar el perfil de egresado de la carrera de medicina.

Objective This work aimed to evaluate the factors associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility among pediatric outpatients in southwestern Colombia, 2019. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using survey-based interviews and the collection of nasopharyngeal-swab specimens for microbiological characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Logistic regression analyses were performed for factors associated with nasopharyngeal carriage. Results A total of 452 children under the age of 5 years were examined in which 41.8% carried S. pneumoniae. Higher pneumococcal carriage frequencies were observed among participants aged Conclusion The 41.8% of participants carrying S. pneumoniae show a scenario with the presence of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant strains, which constitutes important reservoirs of bacterial transmission by children aged

Stellate ganglion neurons, important mediators of cardiopulmonary neurotransmission, are surrounded by satellite glial cells (SGCs), which are essential for the function, maintenance, and development of neurons. However, it remains unknown whether SGCs in adult sympathetic ganglia exhibit any functional diversity, and what role this plays in modulating neurotransmission. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse stellate ganglia (n = 8 animals), focusing on SGCs (n = 11,595 cells). SGCs were identified by high expression of glial-specific transcripts, S100b and Fabp7. Microglia and Schwann cells were identified by expression of C1qa/C1qb/C1qc and Ncmap/Drp2, respectively, and excluded from further analysis. Dimensionality reduction and clustering of SGCs revealed six distinct transcriptomic subtypes, one of which was characterized the expression of pro-inflammatory markers and excluded from further analyses. The transcriptomic profiles and corresponding biochemical pathways of the remaining subtypes were analyzed and compared with published astrocytic transcriptomes. This revealed gradual shifts of developmental and functional pathways across the subtypes, originating from an immature and pluripotent subpopulation into two mature populations of SGCs, characterized by upregulated functional pathways such as cholesterol metabolism. As SGCs aged, these functional pathways were downregulated while genes and pathways associated with cellular stress responses were upregulated. These findings were confirmed and furthered by an unbiased pseudo-time analysis, which revealed two distinct trajectories involving the five subtypes that were studied. These findings demonstrate that SGCs in mouse stellate ganglia exhibit transcriptomic heterogeneity along maturation or differentiation axes. These subpopulations and their unique biochemical properties suggest dynamic physiological adaptations that modulate neuronal function.

Streptococcus pneumoniaediseases are important causes of children death worldwide. Nasopharyngeal carriage of this pathobiont promotes bacterial spread and infections in the community. Here, a cross-sectional surveillance study was done to determine the proportion of nasopharyngeal colonization, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and associated factors in pediatric outpatients (southwestern Colombia, 2019). Data on factors associated with pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage were obtained through survey-based interviews. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and bacteria were microbiologically characterized. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done by VITEK-2. A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine associated factors. Tests with ap-value S. pneumoniae. A higher pneumococcal carriage frequency was observed among participants S. pneumoniaeshowed 57.7% non-susceptibility to benzyl-penicillin (meningitis-cut); 45.5% intermediate-sensitivity to benzyl-penicillin (oral-cut) and 21.7% to cefotaxime; and resistance to erythromycin (40.7%), tetracycline (36.0%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (24.9%), clindamycin (24.3%) and ceftriaxone (27.0%). The proportion of 41.8% of participants carryingS. pneumoniaeshows a scenario with the presence of strains resistant to different antimicrobial agents (MDR and XDR), which constitutes important reservoirs of bacterial transmission by children

El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar la implementación del nuevo Registro Social de Hogares, tomando el caso de las regiones del Biobío y Ñuble, revisando categorías asociadas a la gestión municipal a dos años de su implementación, mediante encuestas a equipos comunales y entrevistas a actores claves. Los resultados muestran un aumento de recursos financieros, incorporación de estandarización de procesos, diversidad en la contratación de equipos comunales, disminución del trabajo de terreno y la incorporación de un sistema de autoreporte web. Se sugiere optimizar el sistema web de ingreso de solicitudes considerando el periodo de pandemia y la brecha digital de la población chilena.

Este trabajo presenta la forma como la herramienta “descomposición genética”, definida desde la teoría APOS, favorece la comprensión de objetos matemáticos utilizados en cursos de matemáticas universitarias. Lo anterior como parte de un proyecto de investigación, desarrollado en la Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, con el objetivo de identificar las formas de comprender la ecuación diferencial lineal de segundo orden que modela un sistema masa resorte con movimiento libre amortiguado; dentro de los resultados se presentan algunas dificultades para comprender el objeto de estudio y la necesidad de diseñar instrumentos de recolección de información que complementan las observaciones de los docentes en clase., This paper presents the way in which the tool "genetic decomposition", defined from the APOS theory, favors the understanding of mathematical objects used in university mathematics courses. The previous as part of a research project, developed in the Colombian School of Engineering Julio Garavito, with the objective of identifying the ways to understand the linear differential equation of second order that models a spring mass system with free motion damped; Within the results there are some difficulties to understand the object of study and the need to design information collection instruments that complement the observations of teachers in class., Vol. 31

We apply the theory of Bruhat–Tits trees to the study of optimal embeddings from orders of rank two and three to quaternion algebras. Specifically, we determine how many conjugacy classes of global Eichler orders in an indefinite quaternion algebra yield optimal representations of such orders. This completes previous work by C. Maclachlan, who considered only Eichler orders of square free level and integral domains as suborders. The same technique is used in the second part of this work to compute local embedding numbers, which extends previous results by J. Brzezinski.

La atención médica en el primer nivel de atención demanda de entrenamiento para atender problemas psicosociales que son frecuentes en la consulta ambulatoria. Los casos de ansiedad o depresión pueden ser abordados mediante modelos de atención en la práctica ambulatoria; uno de ellos es el modelo TOPIC (en inglés: Task-Oriented Processes in Care) el cual permite ordenar la consulta en una secuencia estructurada de cuatro tareas mayores: procesamiento de la información, desarrollo de una adecuada relación médico-paciente-familia, integración de la información, aprendizaje de por vida. El procesamiento de la información contempla cuatro subactividades, una de las cuales evalúa las necesidades emocionales del paciente utilizando una secuencia de pasos conocida con el acrónimo ESEMES (Evaluación de las necesidades emocionales del paciente/familia). La aplicación de este modelo puede ayudar a los médicos y sus pacientes a ser más eficientes en el manejo de problemas psicosociales, teniendo en cuenta el poco tiempo del que se dispone en una consulta ambulatoria.

Introducción: La proctocolectomía con reservorio ileal y anastomosis reservorio-anal (RIARA) es el tratamiento quirúrgico de elección en la colitis ulcerosa grave y las poliposis. Objetivo: Evaluar resultados funcionales de la RIARA. Pacientes y Método: Evaluación retrospectiva de todos los pacientes intervenidos por una RIARA en forma consecutiva. Los resultados funcionales se evaluaron mediante entrevista según el escore de Öresland. Resultados: En un período de 10 años se intervinieron 35 pacientes, 26 por colitis ulcerosa (CU) (edad promedio 36,8; extremos 19-67) y 9 por poliposis adenomatosa familiar (PAF) (edad promedio 38,8; extremos 18-54). La morbilidad global de la RIARA alcanza al 20% y las complicaciones tardías se elevan al 17%. La morbilidad específica de la RIARA fue 5,6%. Las complicaciones tardías específicas de la técnica se presentaron exclusivamente en el grupo CU (6/30=20%) y la falla del reservorio alcanza al 5,7% (2 casos). El puntaje global de Öresland fue 3,2, sin diferencias entre ambos grupos. Hubo 17 de 22 (77%) pacientes con un puntaje satisfactorio o aceptable en el grupo CU y 7 de 8 (88%) en el grupo PAF. El promedio de evacuaciones en 24 horas fue 4,4 (extremos 1-15) en la serie global, sin diferencias entre ambos grupos. Conclusión: El 80% de los pacientes sometidos a una RIARA tienen un escore menor de 7 en la escala de Öresland, lo que equivale a una calidad de vida similar a la población general. Aunque los resultados funcionales de la RIARA no son perfectos, la calidad de vida y la satisfacción del paciente son satisfactorias.

Introducción: La rectitis actínica hemorrágica es una complicación que se presenta en el 15% de los pacientes sometidos a radioterapia por una neoplasia pélvica. Existen distintas alternativas para su tratamiento, entre las que se cuenta la aplicación de formalina al 4%. Presentamos los resultados del tratamiento de esta complicación en una serie prospectiva no aleatoria. Material y Método: Desde marzo de 2004 a mayo de 2007 se reclutaron en forma prospectiva todos los pacientes tratados por una rectitis actínica hemorrágica en nuestro servicio. En todos los pacientes se descartó una estenosis o fístula por endoscopia flexible. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a aplicación de formalina en pabellón o ambulatoria según la evaluación del tratante. Resultados: La serie corresponde a 20 pacientes, 13 mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 61 años (36-80), 15 requerían transfusiones a repetición. La indicación de radioterapia fue por un cáncer cérvico uterino en 9 casos, de próstata en 7 casos y endometrio en 4. El promedio de sesiones necesarias para controlar el sangrado fue de 2 (1-3); en 5 pacientes la aplicación se realizó en pabellón. Tres pacientes mejoraron con una aplicación, 12 pacientes con 2 aplicaciones y 4 con 3 procedimientos. Un paciente continúa sangrado después de un procedimiento, pero presenta una perforación de sigmoides en terreno neoplásico y no se intentó una segunda sesión, por lo que se considera un fracaso del procedimiento. Además un paciente presentó una proctitis intensa que cedió con tratamiento sintomático en 15 días, con lo que la morbilidad del procedimiento alcanza a un 10%. El éxito acumulado es de un 95% de los casos, con detención del sangrado, sin necesidad de transfusiones. Conclusión: Estimamos que el tratamiento con formalina al 4% es un procedimiento seguro para el tratamiento de la rectitis actínica hemorrágica, con buenos resultados en la gran mayoría de los pacientes, evitando procedimientos más caros o de mayor morbilidad.

Atlantic History has paid little attention to the common basis that originated a religious culture in the New World. This research rather than emphasizing the different cultural ways of colonizing in the British Empire and the Spanish Empire focuses on the complimentary aspects on both spaces in order to settle down those elements that contribute to a well-integrated Atlantic History.La historiografía de la cultura religiosa de los espacios atlánticos ha prestado escasa atención a los substratos comunes que la conformaron en el Nuevo Mundo. Lejos de reiterar los numerosos elementos que han diferenciado las formas culturales de colonización entre el espacio anglosajón y los espacios hispanos, se insiste en este estudio en el hecho de que fueron muchas las complementaciones entre ambos escenarios y que, en consecuencia, es preciso incidir más en esta línea de investigación. Ello ha de contribuir a asentar los elementos de una Historia Atlántica más integrada.

A variety of surgical procedures is used to correct complete rectal prolapse (RP). We analysed the immediate and long-term results of the Lomas-Cooperman technique in the management of symptomatic RP in elderly patients with severe concomitant diseases.Across a 13-year period, all patients with RP having undergone surgery with this procedure were retrospectively evaluated. The technique consisted in placing a triply folded piece of polypropylene mesh encircling the anal canal through a perineal approach.A total of 22 patients (20 female) with a mean age of 84 years (range, 72-93 years) with severe concomitant pathologies were assessed. Four patients were classified as ASA II and 18 as ASA III. Mean Karnofsky score was 50%, ranging between 40% and 60%. All patients were operated on under regional anaesthesia without incidents. Mean operative time was 35 min(range, 20-60 min) and mean hospital stay was 4.5 days (range, 2-17 days). The most common immediate postoperative complication was urinary tract infection, found in 18% of the cases. Mean follow-up was 32 months (range, 4-84 months). During follow-up, 4 cases (18%) of mesh exteriorisation were detected, requiring mesh trimming at the outpatient clinic. Rectal prolapse recurred in 2 patients; one of them was managed with a new cerclage reaching a satisfactory outcome. Thus, by intention-to-treat basis, the recurrence rate was 4.5%. Constipation was resolved in three out of 4 patients, but in 18% of the cases late faecal impact was recorded. Mean preoperative incontinence score improved from 5.1+/-0.62 to 3.4+/-1.61 (p0.0001) after surgery.Anal cerclage with the Lomas-Cooperman technique constitutes a simple and reproducible surgical technique with an acceptable morbidity and recurrence rate in high-risk elderly patients with RP.

Background Indications for and the prognosis of posterior pelvic exenteration (PPE) in rectal cancer patients are not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to analyse the indications, complications and long-term results of PPE in patients with primary rectal cancer. Methods A retrospective review included patient demographics, tumour and treatment variables, and morbidity, recurrence, and survival statistics. These results were compared with a group of female patients who underwent standard resection for primary rectal cancer in the same period (non PPE group). Results The series included 30 women with an average age of 56.7 years (range 22–78). Tumour location was recorded in three cases in the upper rectum, 13 cases in the medium rectum and 14 cases in the lower rectum. A sphincter-preserving procedure was performed in 70% of the patients. Mean operative time was 4.2 h (range 2–7.5 h). Overall major morbidity rate in this series was 50% and mean hospital stay was 19.7 days (range 9–60 days). There was no hospital mortality. Pathological reports showed direct invasion of uterus, vagina or rectovaginal septum in 19 cases, involvement of perirectal tissue in 25 cases and positive lymph nodes in 18 cases. Comparison between PPE and non PPE groups showed no differences in mean tumour diameter, histological grade and tumour stage, but patients in the first group were younger. Although low tumours were seen more frequently in the PPE group (P = 0.003), the rate of sphincter-preserving procedure was comparable in both groups. Operative time was longer (P = 0.04) and morbidity was higher (P = 0.0058) in the PPE group. Local recurrence with or without distant metastases for the whole series was 30%. Five-year survival rate for patients who underwent curative resections (TNM I–III) was 48% in the PPE group vs 62% in the non PPE group (P = 0.09). Conclusions In the present series, PPE prolonged operative time, increased postoperative complications and showed a trend toward poor prognosis in recurrence and survival. However, PPE offers the only hope for cure to patients with a primary rectal cancer that is adherent or invades reproductive organs.

Background Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an inherited pharmacogenetic syndrome that is triggered by halogenated anesthetics and/or depolarizing muscle relaxants. MH-susceptible (MHS) skeletal muscle has been shown to be more sensitive to caffeine-induced contracture than muscle from nonsusceptible (MHN) subjects and is the basis for the most commonly used clinical diagnostic test to determine MH susceptibility. Methods We studied the effects of caffeine on myoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in MHN and MHS swine muscle fibers by means of Ca2+-selective microelectrodes before and after K+-induced partial depolarization. Results [Ca2+]i in untreated MHN fibers was 123 +/- 8 nm versus 342 +/- 33 nm in MHS fibers. Caffeine (2 mm) caused an increase in [Ca2+]i in both groups (296 +/- 41 nm MHN vs. 1,159 +/- 235 nm MHS) with no change in resting membrane potential. When either MHN or MHS, muscle fibers were incubated in 10 mm K+ [Ca2+]i transiently increased to 272 +/- 22 nm in MHN and 967 +/- 38 nm in MHS for 6-8 min. Exposure of MHN fibers to 2 mm caffeine while resting [Ca2+]i was elevated induced an increment in [Ca2+]i to 940 +/- 37 nm. After 6-8 min of exposure to 10 mm K+, [Ca2+]i returned to control levels in all fibers, and the effect of 2 mm caffeine on resting [Ca2+]i returned to control, despite continued partial membrane depolarization. Conclusions These results suggest that the increased "sensitivity" to caffeine of MHS swine muscle fibers is a nonspecific response related, at least in part, to the high resting [Ca2+]i and not an increased caffeine sensitivity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel per se.

La presente investigación tiene como propósito analizar la presencia del enfoque de derechos en política pública para la superación de la pobreza en Chile, específicamente los componentes de no discriminación y universalidad en los subsistemas de protección social Chile Solidario y el reemplazo de este, denominado Seguridades y Oportunidades, difundido como Ingreso Ético Familiar. Para cumplir con este objetivo se desarrolló una investigación de tipo cualitativa, utilizando como mecanismos de recolección de información entrevistas a actores claves (diseñadores e implementadores) y análisis documental, para luego triangular los datos obtenidos. Los resultados muestran una falta de universalidad en el acceso, producto de mecanismos de focalización y cupos anuales por territorio, y empoderamiento a mujeres del grupo de hogar pero, a la vez, discriminación por género e inequidad en la distribución de roles y tareas al interior de los hogares. Se recomienda eliminar los sistemas de cupos anuales por comuna y quitar rigideces a las metodologías de intervención para la correcta aplicación del enfoque de derechos en políticas públicas, considerando especialmente de los titulares de derecho en situación de extrema pobreza. This research aims to analyze the presence of a right based approach in public policy for overcoming poverty in Chile, specifically the components of Nondiscrimination and Universality in the Social Protection subsystems “Chile Solidario” and replacement of this, called “Seguridades y Oportunidades”, released as “IngresoÉtico Familiar”. To reach this objective a qualitative research type was developed, using data collection mechanisms interviews with key actors (designers and implementers) and document analysis and then triangulate the obtained information. The results show a lack of universality in the access as a result of targeting mechanisms and annual quotas by province, women empowerment in the group home, but also gender discrimination and inequality in the distribution of roles and tasks within the homes. It is recommended to eliminate the annual quota systems by province, to remove the rigidities intervention methodologies for the correct application of the rights perspective in public policies, especially considering right holders in extreme poverty.

Introducción: El uso de Ia preparación mecánica anterógrada (PMA) es una práctica rutinaria en cirugia colorrectal pero con escasas bases en Ia evidencia científica. Objetivo: Determinar Ia utilidad de Ia PMA en una serie prospectiva y aleatoria de cirugía colorrectal electiva. Resultados: La serie corresponde a 122 pacientes, 60 de Ios cuales recibe PMA. Los datos epidemiológicos muestran que Ios grupos son comparables. En esta serie se encuentra un riesgo de morbilidad global aumentado al doble en Ios pacientes que reciben PMA, así como un riesgo de infección superficial del sitio quirúrgico seis veces mayor. No se encuentran diferencias en Ias infecciones profundas, dehiscencia de anastomosis ni en Ias reintervenciones. Las complicaciones asociadas a Ia PMA se presentaron sólo en un caso, 10 que no alcanza significación estadística. Conclusiones: De acuerdo a nuestros resultados, no sejustifica Ia utilización rutinaria de PMA. Background: Anterograde mechanical colon cleansing is routinely done before colorectal surgery. However there is no firm evidence about its usefulness. Aim: To assess the usefulness of anterograde mechanical colon cleansing in colon surgery. Patients and Methods: Participants requiring elective colorectal surgery were randomized to receive anterograde mechanical bowel cleansing with two doses of oral sodium phosphate (Oral fleet*) or a liquid diet 24 hours prior to surgery, after signing an informed consent. Both groups received antimicrobial prophylaxis. Problems associated with bowel cleansing, subjective assessment ofbowel preparation by the surgeon and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: One hundred twenty two participants were studied (73 females). Fifty three percent of patients had concomitant diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Sixty patients were subjected to anterograde bowel cleansing and 62 were ascribed to the liquid diet group. Surgeons evaluated colon cleansing as good in 49 and 37 patients with and without anterograde mechanical cleansing, respectively and as regular in 8 and 23 patients, respectively (χ2 = 9.1 p = 0.01). Tolerance to cleansing was evaluated as good, fair and poor by 50, 30 and 20% of patients, respectively. One patient had a bowel obstruction associated with the use of sodium phosphate. Postoperative complications occurred in 14 and 23 patients subjected or not to cleansing, respectively (p = 0.06). Septic complications occurred in 11 and 3 cases with and without colon cleansing, respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Anterograde mechanical colon cleansing was associated with a higher incidence of septic complications in this series of patients.