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IntroductionPhysical activity is a proposed factor int the development of hip pathologies in male and female. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of gender on isometric hip muscle strength, hip range of motion and gluteus medius thickness at rest, during contraction and onset activation.Material and methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out. Hip range of motion, hip muscle strength and gluteus medius thickness at rest, (B-Mode) and onset activation (M-Mode) were measured in thirty asymptomatic university athletes without history hip pain.ResultsA total of fifteen males (30 hips) and fifteen females (30 hips) with a mean age of 22 ± 6.5 and 20 ± 2.75 years old were recruited. Females demonstrated greater hip range of motion in flexion, abduction and internal rotation in dominant and non-dominant legs (p < .05) but no differences were found extension, adduction and external rotation (p > .05). Furthermore, females showed less isometric hip muscle strength in hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation (p < .05) but not in strength ratios (p > .05). In addition, female exhibited less gluteus medius thickness at muscle contraction, less differences in rest-contaction thickness, but no differences were observed for rest thickness or contraction velocity.ConclusionsThis study found that asymptomatic female athletes demonstrated greater hip flexion, abduction and internal rotation ROM, less isometric hip muscle strength and different gluteus medius thickness and onset activation compared with asymptomatic male athletes.

To develop a Spanish version of the international Hip Outcome Tool questionnaire (iHOT-12Sv) for assessing the psychometric characteristics (internal consistency, convergent validity, test–retest reliability, and floor and ceiling effects) of this version in physically active patients with hip pain. Methods: After conducting the translation and transcultural adaptation, a consecutive sample of patients with labral tear injury and/or femoroacetabular impingement (Pincer or Cam type) were recruited in a Spanish Hospital. Patients completed the iHOT-12Sv and the Spanish version of the iHOT-33 and the Hip Outcome Score (HOS). Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha; convergent validity was evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficients (Rho) with iHOT-33 and HOS; test–retest reliability was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable changes (MDC); and floor and ceiling effects were calculated as the percentage of patients who obtained the minimum and maximum score. Results: One hundred and fifty-three patients (64.7% males) participated in this study. Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92 revealed the excellent internal consistency. In addition, the iHOT-12Sv demonstrated strong to very strong correlations with the HOS (Rho ranged from 0.741 to 0.827; p < 0.001) and the iHOT-33 (Rho = 0.932; p < 0.001), respectively; acceptable test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.86 to 0.94); SEM = 6.21 and MDC = 17.22; and no floor or ceiling effects were found. Conclusions: The iHOT-12Sv can be used as a valid and reliable tool for clinical evaluation of physically active patients with hip pathology. However, the full version is preferable for research purposes aiming to assess changes in hip function. Sin financiación 4.964 JCR (2021) Q2, 55/172 Medicine, General & Internal 1.040 SJR (2021) Q1, 438/2489 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2021 UEM

About 40% of traumatic injuries in sports are related to the knee. Of these, 33% require arthroscopic surgery. The rehabilitative ultrasound imaging technique is a simple method to obtain objective real-time results on the state and measurement of the musculoskeletal tissue and its use can represent an important change in the process of functional diagnosis and recovery of these injuries. The aim was to quantify the differences in the thickness, muscle contraction time, and muscle relaxation time of the rectus femoris muscle between individuals with knee arthroscopy and healthy individuals and to verify the reliability of the inter-examiner measurements in these ultrasound variables. An observational case-control study with individuals (18–60 years aged) who underwent surgery for anterior cruciate ligament through knee arthroscopy a year or more before. A total of 38 subjects were divided into 2 groups, case and control. Ultrasound measurements were taken of the following outcomes: thickness at rest and contraction, muscle contraction time, and muscle relaxation time of the rectus femoris muscle. Excellent inter-examiner reliability was obtained for all ultrasound measurements (ICC3.3 > 0.90). No significant changes were found in the rate of contraction or rest of the rectus femoris muscle. On the other hand, if significant changes in the thickness of the rectus femoris muscle were found between control and case group. Arthroscopic surgery for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not appear to modify function but does modify the thickness of the rectus femoris muscle on ultrasound examination. Ultrasound appears to be a reliable tool for the study of these measurements in the rectus femoris muscle.

[Abstract] Tendinopathy is labeled by many authors as a troublesome, common pathology, present in up to 30% medical care con- sultations involving musculoskeletal conditions. Despite the lasting interest for addressing tendon pathology, current re- searchers agree that even the exact definition of the term tendinopathy is unclear. Tendinopathy is currently diagnosed as a clinical hypothesis based on the patient symptoms and physical context. One of the main goals of current clinical management is to personalize treatment approaches to adapt them to the many different needs of the population. Tendons are complex structures that unite muscles and bones with two main objectives: to transmit forces and stor- age and release energy. Regarding the tensile properties of the tendons, several authors argued that tendons have higher tensile strength compared with muscles, however, are con- sidered less flexible. Tendinopathy is an accepted term which is used to indicated a variety of tissue conditions that appear in injured tendons and describes a non-rupture damage in the tendon or para- tendon, which is intensified with mechanical loading Even when the pathoetiology of tendinopathy is unclear, there is a wide array of treatments available to treat and manage tendinopathy. Although tendinitis usually debuts with an in- flammatory response, the majority of chronic tendinopathies do not present inflammation and so the choosing of treat- ment should vary depending on severity, compliance, pain and duration of symptoms. The purpose of this article is to review and provide an overview about the currently research of the tendon diagno- sis, management and etiology.

Objective: Currently, ultrasound imaging (USI) is considered a feasible tool in the evaluation of structural and textural muscle differences due to aging. The main aim of this study was to evaluate sonographic changes in muscular structure and function after a 12-week multicomponent training program in pre-frailty individuals. Design: A prospective, randomized, clinical trial was carried out. Participants: Thirty-two pre-frailty subjects were recruited and randomly divided into a multicomponent training program group (n = 16, Multicomponent group) and a conventional care group (n = 14, Control group) with a 12-week follow up. Main outcome measures: Rectus femoris thickness, cross-sectional area (CSA), echointensity, echovariation and vastus lateralis pennation angle tests were carried out to assess the structure and echotexture, and the force–velocity (F-V) profile for muscle power and muscle strength was employed to assess the functional parameters. Results: Statistically significant differences (p &lt, 0.05) were shown for the left rectus femoris echointensity and in the functional parameter of muscle power after a 12-week program for the multicomponent training group compared to the conventional care group. Conclusions: Pre-frailty elderly subjects showed a decrease in rectus femoris echointensity (RF-EI) and an increase in the functional parameter of muscle power after a 12-week multicomponent training program compared to the control group.

Currently evidence-based practice has given scientific weight to the physical therapist profession; it is essential that all medical professional and physical therapists know the usefulness of new tools that optimize the effectiveness of their interventions and allow the growing of the scientific knowledge base. The use of ultrasound imaging (USI) by physiotherapists has evolved in recent years, consolidating as an increasingly standardized technique, low cost compared to other imaging techniques, quickly of execution, feasible and reliable tool. USI offers a wide range of opportunities in clinical practice as well as in different research areas. Therefore, ultrasound has been currently used as a diagnostic tool by physicians and in recent years there has been an expansion of the use of ultrasound equipment by non-physicians professionals such as physical therapist or physical trainers, who incorporates USI as a means of assessing musculoskeletal system architecture and composition, musculoskeletal changes in dysfunction, pain or injury conditions, as an interventional technique assisting echo-guided procedures or using the visual real-time information as a biofeedback in control motor approaches, as guiding tool in clinical decisions as well as to improve the understanding of tissue adaptations to exercise or movement. The purpose of this article is to review and provide an overview about the currently research of the USI applications and their benefits for the diagnosis and management in individuals with musculoskeletal conditions.

New trends in ultrasound imaging are focused on exploration of morphology and muscle quality. The main goal of the study was to evaluate the first-order descriptor and echostructure of lumbar multifidus at the L4 vertebral level in athletes with and without chronic lumbopelvic pain (CLPP). A case-control study was performed in 15 semiprofessional athletes with CLPP and 15 without (healthy athletes). Lumbar multifidus echointensity and echovariation were measured for muscle quality assessment. Echostructure was used to evaluate lumbar multifidus cross-sectional area (CSA) at resting and during muscle contraction, respective differences during both phases (CSADif.), activation patterns, and thoracolumbar fasciae morphology and thickness. Significant differences with a large effect size were observed in quantitative data from CLPP and healthy athletes for left lumbar multifidus CSADif. and thoracolumbar fasciae morphology. Categorical data showed statistically significant differences with a small-to-moderate effect size for lumbar multifidus activation pattern and thoracolumbar fasciae morphology. Athletes with CLPP showed a reduced CSA difference between lumbar multifidus contraction and at resting and higher disorganization of thoracolumbar fasciae morphology compared to healthy athletes. These findings suggest the importance of dynamic exploration of the lumbar region and connective tissue in sports performance and injury prevention. Sin financiación 4.241 JCR (2020) Q1, 39/169 Medicine, General & Internal No data SJR 2020 No data IDR 2019 UEM

[Resumen] Introducción: El valgo dinámico de rodilla es uno de los principales factores de riesgo de lesión de deportes de impacto como el Baloncesto. Mejorar los sistemas de análisis de identificación de los factores de riesgo y los protocolos de prevención de lesiones se ha convertido en uno de los objetivos principales del fisioterapeuta deportivo, con el objetivo de disminuir el riesgo de lesión del deportista. Material y Métodos: Se analizó la distribución de las presiones plantares y los ángulos de alineación de los segmentos corporales en el plano frontal durante el Single-Leg-Squat Test en 10 sujetos deportistas de élite, con el objetivo de y observar la modificación a corto plazo asociada a la activación isométrica del glúteo medio y la musculatura intrínseca de la planta del pie. Resultados: Variaciones significativas en el aumento de la presión plantar del primer metatarsiano se registraron tras la activación del glúteo medio y de la musculatura intrínseca del pie. No se obtuvieron resultados significativos en la modificación de los ángulos de alineación en el plano frontal. Conclusiones: Un aumento de la presión plantar de la cabeza del primer metatarsiano puede relacionarse con una mayor estabilidad del miembro, mediante la activación del glúteo medio y de la musculatura intrínseca del pie. Son necesarios estudios con muestras más amplias que correlacionen los datos obtenidos en una muestra más homogénea. [Abstract] Introduction: Dynamic knee valgus is one of the main injury risk factors of impact sports such as basketball. Systems improvement for the analysis of identification of risk factors and injury prevention protocols has become one of the main objectives of the sports physiotherapist, with the aim of reducing the risk of athletes injury. Material and Methods: The distribution of plantar pressures and the angles of alignment of the body segments in the frontal plane during the Single-Leg-Squat Test in 10 elite athletes was analyzed, with the objective of observing the modification in short-term associated with the isometric activation of the gluteus medius and the intrinsic plantar musculature of the foot. Results: Significant variations in the increase of plantar pressure of the first metatarsal were recorded after activation of the gluteus medius and the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot. No significant results were obtained in the modification of the alignment angle in the frontal plane. Conclusions: An increase in the plantar pressure of the head of the first metatarsal can be related to greater stability of the limb, through activation of the gluteus medius and the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot. Studies with larger samples that correlate the data obtained in a more homogeneous sample are necessary.

[Abstract] The purpose of this study was to assess and compare with rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) the perimuscular connective tissue (PMCT) and interrecti distance (IRD) between elite and amateur basketball players. A sample of 22 healthy basketball players was included and divided into two groups: elite basketball players from Spanish 1st division (n = 11) and amateur basketball players from an entertainment Spanish division (n = 11). Ultrasound images of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), transversus abdominis (TrAb), rectus anterior (RA) and IRD PMCT were measured and analysed by the ImageJ software. Measurements of abdominal wall muscles PMCT present statistically differences (P < .05) for an increase of perimuscular connective tissue of external oblique (PMCTEO), perimuscular connective tissue of transversus abdominis (PMCTTA) of the left side and an increase of PMCTEO on the right side in favor of the elite group. Rather, the study showed statistically differences (P < .05) for a decrease of perimuscular connective tissue between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis (PMCTIO-TA), and a decrease in PMCT total summation of the left side with elite group in respect to amateur group. This study reported an increase of left PMCTEO, left PMCTTAA, right PMCTEO as well as a decrease of left PMCTIO-TA and in PMCT total summation on the left side. [Resumo] O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar com ultrassonografia de reabilitação (IUR) o tecido conjuntivo perimuscular da parede abdominal (PMPA) e interrecti distância (IRD) entre elite e jogadores de basquete amadores. Uma amostra de 22 jogadores de basquete saudáveis foi incluída e dividida em dois grupos: jogadores de basquete de elite da 1ᵃ divisão espanhola (n=11) e jogadores de basquete amadores de uma divisão de entretenimento espanhol (n=11). As imagens de ultrassom do oblíquo externo (OE), oblíquo interno (OI), transverso abdominal (TrAb), recto anterior (RA) e IRD PMPA foram medidas e analisadas pelo software ImageJ. Medições dos músculos da parede abdominal O PMPA apresentam diferenças estatisticamente (P

Objective The aim of this study was to compare diaphragm thickness and excursion between athletes with and without lumbopelvic pain (LPP) by trans-costal and trans-hepatic rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI), respectively. Design A case-control study. Setting Amateur and semiprofessional athletes teams. Participants Forty matched-paired athletes with LPP (n = 20; LPP case group) and without LPP (n = 20; Healthy control group) were recruited. Main outcome measures Diaphragm thickness and excursion (cm) were assessed during relaxed respiratory activity (maximum inspiration–Tins, expiration–Texp and difference–Tins-exp) by trans-costal and trans-hepatic rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI), respectively. Results Statistically significant differences (P

Objective To compare the thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the Abductor Hallucis Brevis (AHB), Flexor Digitorum Brevis (FDB) and Flexor Hallucis Brevis (FHB) in subjects with and without chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (AT). Design A case-control research study. Setting A private clinic. Participants A total sample of 143 subjects was recruited for the study and divided in two groups, such as chronic mid-portion AT group (n = 71) and healthy group (n = 72). Main outcome measures Ultrasound B-Mode imaging was used to measure the thickness and CSA of the AHB, FDB and FHB in subjects with and without chronic mid-portion AT at rest. Results USI measurements of the AHB (p

Quantitative ultrasound imaging of the muscle tissue may be applied in the neurology field, due to B-mode grayscale pixels values could be used as potential biomarkers for disease progression and intervention effects in poststroke patients. Thus, the study aim was to compare and analyze the ultrasound imaging B-mode pixels differences between the intrinsic plantar muscles cross-sectional area (CSA) in hemiparetic and contralateral feet from poststroke patients by means of the Image J software. A case-control design and a convenience sampling method were used in order to recruit 22 feet from 11 poststroke patients. This total sample was divided into 11 hemiparetic feet and 11 contralateral feet. The Image J software was used in order to evaluate the interface distance, CSA as well as measure the pixels mean, standard deviation (SD) and count from all offline images in the flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis (AbH), and flexor hallucis brevis muscles. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.003) were only shown for the pixels count in the AbH muscle. The rest of outcome measurements did not show any statistically significant difference (p &gt, 0.05). Therefore, B-mode ultrasound imaging Image J software differences for the pixels count reduction were shown in the AbH muscle between hemiparetic and contralateral feet from poststroke patients. Further studies are necessary in order to apply our findings as potential biomarkers during the stroke disease course.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare with rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) abdominal wall muscle thickness and interrecti distance (IRD) between elite and amateur basketball players. A sample of 32 basketball players (age: 23.0 ± 8.5; height: 1.89 ± 14.25 m; weight: 86.6 ± 15.5 kg; body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2) was divided in two groups: professional elite and amateur players. A diagnostic ultrasound tool with a 7–14 MHz range linear transducer was used for B mode ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound images of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), transversus abdominis (TrAb), and rectus anterior (RA) muscles as well as IRD were measured and analyzed by ImageJ software. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) with greater height, weight, and Nijmegen scores were shown in favor of the elite basketball players compared to the amateur basketball players. Ultrasound measurements of the abdominal wall muscles showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for increased IRD and left TrAb thickness and decreased right and left EO thickness in favor of the elite versus amateur basketball players. The rest of the measurements did not show any statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Increased IRD and TrAb thickness and reduced EO thickness may be shown in elite versus amateur basketball players. Sin financiación 2.217 JCR (2018) Q2, 67/148 Physics, Applied; Q3, 89/172 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, 151/293 Materials Science, Multidisciplinary 0.379 SJR (2018) Q1, 135/789 Engineering (miscellaneous); Q2, 37/130 Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, 71/443 Instrumentation, 262/653 Materials Science (miscellaneous), 33/91 Process Chemistry and Technology; Q3, 351/1875 Computer Science Applications No data IDR 2018 UEM

The study main aim was to compare the cross-sectional area (CSA) and thickness of the plantar muscles and fascia in the hemiparesis and contralateral feet of poststroke survivors with respect to healthy feet of matched controls. Methods: A case-control observational study was performed using B-mode rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. A convenience sampling method was used to select 60 feet. The sample was divided into 20 feet ipsilateral and 20 feet contralateral to the hemiparesis lower limb from poststroke survivors, as well as 20 healthy feet from matched controls. The CSA and thickness of the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis and flexor hallucis brevis, as well as the thickness for the posterior, middle and anterior plantar fascia portions were measured. Comparisons and multivariate predictive analyses were carried out for ultrasound measurements. In all analyses, a P-value.01). Conclusions: The thickness of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle as well as the middle and anterior plantar fascia portions of the hemiparesis and contralateral feet from poststroke survivors presented morphology changes with respect to the healthy matched control feet. Sin financiación 2.333 JCR (2018) Q2, 53/160 Medicine, General & Internal 0.834 SJR (2018) Q2, 749/2844 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2018 UEM