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Understanding the complexities of cranial base development, function, and architecture is important for testing hypotheses about many aspects of craniofacial variation and evolution. Architecturally, the cranial base provides the platform upon which the brain grows and around which the face grows. In addition, the cranial base connects the cranium with the rest of the body: it articulates with the vertebral column and the mandible, provides conduits for all the vital neural and circulatory connections between the brain, the face and the neck, houses and connects the sense organs in the skull, and forms the roof of the nasopharynx. The shape of the cranial base is therefore a multifactorial product of numerous phylogenetic, developmental, and functional interactions. Aim. The aim of this research is to perform a morphometric analysis of the skull base to investigate the symmetry between the two hemibases of the cranial fossa with each other in adult patients with normal type of lower jaw rotation using cone beam copmuted tomography CBCT in transversal plane. Materials and methods. In result of radiographic study, 35 Caucasian adult patients with no prior orthodontics treatment were selected (16 males, 19 females) from 16 to 27 years (mean age of 20.02 years: females average age was 20.15 years; males average age was 21.84 years) of age with normal type of lower jaw rotation according to the sum of Björk. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was calculated to investigate the symmetry between the two hemibases of the cranial fossa with each other. Results. A difference was found amongst the two genders of the sample subjects in the strength of the correlation between the CBCT angular measurements evaluating the two hemibases of the cranial base symmetry. Conclusion. A difference was found amongst the two genders. This study found no exact symmetry between the samples, but it was in high level for adult females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the criteria required for orthodontics diagnosis and treatment planning, both Sagittal Jaws Relationship (S.J.R.) and Lower Incisors Crowding (L.I.C.) are critical. There have been no local data obtained and documented which relate interrelationship between (S.J.R.) and L.I.C. amongst adolescents (with permanent dentition) on the Syrian coast. It was the aim of this study to search this interrelationship amongst adolescents (with permanent dentition) on the Syrian coast using ANB angle for assessing the (S.J.R.) The material of this study consisted of mandibular dental study casts, lateral cephalometric and panoramic graphs of 81 Caucasian patients (18 males and 63 females) from 13 to 19 years of age, from pretreatment patients undergoing orthodontic evaluation at the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics at Tishreen University. Mandibular dental study casts and lateral cephalometric were scanned and digitized, Little's Irregularity Index, (ANB) angle meanings were calculated digitally using Ceph Basic™ software. This study reveals no statistical significant differences in crowding severity between the two sexes, except for the group of very severe irregularity (p = 0.03, a = 0.05). Sex differences in distribution amongst the (S.J.R.) groups were noted, no subjects with perfect alignment, no group of L.I.C. have significant relationship with meanings of (ANB) angle, while the correlation analysis between every single class of (S.J.R.) and the meanings of Little index reveals significant correlation only between skeletal class II and L.I.C. (r = -0.35). Only skeletal class II has slightly inverse relationship with L.I.C., but not with specific degree of L.I.C. severity, as this study revealed no specific relationship between the severity degree of L.I.C. and the meanings of (ANB) angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]