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Background: Lentils are one of the most important rainfed legumes in the world. They are an excellent source of minerals, vitamins, and amino acids. Methods: Proximate composition (moisture, total ash, total fat, protein, fiber, and carbohydrate), mineral content, antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50), and total phenolic compounds (TPC) were determined in the raw, germinated, and cooked samples of two cultivars of Iranian lentils. Results: Cooking and germination showed a significant effect on TPC, antioxidant activity, and minerals. The highest amount of phenolic compounds was obtained in raw black lentil, followed by raw green and germinated lentils. The black cultivar showed a higher quantity of K, Cu, Ca, and Zn and treatments decreased the concentrations of mineral elements in the investigated samples. Moreover, losses of the minerals in the cooked samples were higher than the germinated ones. Conclusions: Cooking and germination brought about a significant reduction in the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Meaningful reductions were also recognized in the mineral content during cooking and germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work discusses surface modification of cellulose paper specimens for compatibility with nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped carbon dots (NSCDs) for lead ion sensing. The interaction of carbon dots (CDs) and cellulose fibers was investigated using silane or chitosan‐modified cellulose papers. It was found that modified papers could reduce undesirable redistribution of CDs, during paper drying. Also, only chitosan‐modified filter paper was suitable for the successful immobilization of NSCDs. The effect of paper type, chitosan amount, pH, and NSCDs concentration was also studied, and a Whatman No. 42 filter paper modified with chitosan (1% w/v), pH 8.0, and an NSCD concentration of 2.5 g L−1 being selected for further studies. The sensor exhibited high selectivity for lead(II) compared with other metal ions because lead(II) resulted in the most significant changes in the emitted light intensity. Variations in NSCDs fluorescence were measured using a fluorescence imaging system. The NSCDs‐paper sensor showed a linear relationship between mean fluorescence intensity and lead(II) in the concentration range of 5.00–1.25 × 102 μmol L−1 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9988 and a detection limit of 4.50 μmol L−1. The suggested method showed satisfying results for lead(II) determination in different samples as a fast and low‐cost approach with on‐site application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to produce sulfur dioxide release sheets based on cellulose acetate (CA) film for using in control of mold growth during fruits storage. For this purpose, first CA film was prepared, and the sodium metabisulfite (MBS) salt was fixed on its surface. Further, the effect of temperature (5, 15 and 25 °C), relative humidity (75, 85 and 95%), and the concentration of MBS (30, 40 and 50% by weight) on the release rate of sulfur dioxide was evaluated after 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 16, and 24 h. The results revealed that the temperature and relative humidity significantly affected the release of sulfur dioxide gas in which the highest gas release was observed at the temperature of 25 °C and relative humidity of 95% (3.64 mmol/L). Also, rising the amount of MBS increased the release rate of sulfur dioxide, significantly. The highest release of sulfur dioxide (4.25 mmol/L) was achieved at a concentration of 50% salt. In the next step, the prepared sheets were laminated to control the release of sulfur dioxide. Paper with a thickness of 30 μm and polyethylene film with a thickness of 25 μm were used to laminate the film. The results revealed that laminating the sheets as single or double side slowed down the release rate of sulfur dioxide from the sheets, and thus, its releasing was controlled. The results also showed that the rate of gas release and its control were higher in dual release sheets. The presence of sodium metabisulfite salt in CA sheet was confirmed through FTIR, XRD and SEM analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sulfur dioxide release sheets on the basis of acetate cellulose film to control the growth of molds, especially botrytis cinerea, during the storage period of kiwifruit. For this purpose, the storage of kiwifruit inoculated with botrytis cinerea in the presence of one and dual sulfur dioxide releasing sheets (containing 30 and 50% metabisulfit salts, respectively) on the acetate cellulose bed was investigated. After 15 days of storage (9 days in cold store and 7 days in ambient temperature), the least bursting and crushing (4.5%) was obtained in the presence of single-stage sheets that were placed on the surface and bottom of the packages. Also, in the ninth day, mold was not observed in the 60% of packages in the presence of sulfur dioxide releasing sheets. On the 15th day, the amount of total sugar, acidity, firmness, residual sulfur, and soluble solids in packaged kiwis in the presence of two dual releasing sheets placed on the surface and bottom of packages were, respectively, 9.9 g/100 g, 1.09%, 4.75 N, 0.24 mg/g and 12.21%. In general, it can be said that sulfur dioxide releasing sheets have an effective function on cold storage in increasing the shelf life of fruits, especially fruits that are attacked by gray mold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carrier mediated transport of Cu2+ ions from an aqueous medium has been examined. The ability of Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate (EES) as a carrier to form a complex with Cu2+ ions and transport them to the receiving phase is reported. The fundamental parameters influencing the transport of Cu2+ ions such as the pH in the source and receiving phases and concentration of the stripping agent in the receiving phase have been optimized and accordingly, the amount of Cu2+ transported across the liquid membrane after 5 h was 94.3 ± 1.8% in the presence of L-histidine as a suitable stripping agent. Moreover, the selectivity and efficiency of Cu2+ ions transport from aqueous solution over other cations in ternary and quaternary mixtures have been investigated. The results indicate that our fabricated membrane is very sensitive toward Cu+2 ions in the presence of heavy metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work discusses surface modification of cellulose paper specimens for compatibility with nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (NSCDs) for lead ion sensing. The interaction of carbon dots (CDs) and cellulose fibers was investigated using silane or chitosan-modified cellulose papers. It was found that modified papers could reduce undesirable redistribution of CDs, during paper drying. Also, only chitosan-modified filter paper was suitable for the successful immobilization of NSCDs. The effect of paper type, chitosan amount, pH, and NSCDs concentration was also studied, and a Whatman No. 42 filter paper modified with chitosan (1% w/v), pH 8.0, and an NSCD concentration of 2.5 g L -1 being selected for further studies. The sensor exhibited high selectivity for lead(II) compared with other metal ions because lead(II) resulted in the most significant changes in the emitted light intensity. Variations in NSCDs fluorescence were measured using a fluorescence imaging system. The NSCDs-paper sensor showed a linear relationship between mean fluorescence intensity and lead(II) in the concentration range of 5.00-1.25 × 10 2  μmol L -1 with a correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of 0.9988 and a detection limit of 4.50 μmol L -1 . The suggested method showed satisfying results for lead(II) determination in different samples as a fast and low-cost approach with on-site application., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)