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The article explores challenges presented by revelations in physics and the questions they provoke concerning reality. It sheds light on the disparity between the indefinite nature of quantum reality and our perception of classical reality. The necessity for transition from the quantum to classical reality is underscored, alongside difficulties of observer intervention and the complexities introduced by the objective collapse theory. The work introduces a pioneering approach of decoherence within the framework of universal wave function density matrices. It deploys entanglement among three primary quantum subsystems: mass particles, massless particles, and the human body system. This gives rise to a Von Neumann chain of correlated systems, wherein neglecting one system renders the other two in mixed states. Here the cohered massless system and the animate being constitute subjects of our perceptions. Within the body, the distributions of quantum particle wave packets are highly localized due to entanglement and chemical potential, satisfying the Ehrenfest condition, wherein the thermal deBroglie wavelength scale is considerably smaller than their domain in the body. Thus, each microstate of the body quantum particle ensemble can be analogously represented as a statistical mechanics particle ensemble or likened to microstates in the Debye statistical model. In the statistical mechanics perspective, life represents a macrostate characterized by thermodynamics parameters, and chemical potential. The life macrostate autonomously processes an environment corresponding to a mixed state alternative of its entangled quantum world counterpart, which appears in the stream of consciousness. The quantum universe persists, evolving deterministically, and the classical (macroscopic) universe is its realization statistical by the fundamental predicate of life discerned by the brain; our elusive world.

Using density functional theory (DFT), the structural, mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of Hf2AB (A = Pb, Bi) borides were studied, considering the pressure effect up to 50 GPa. The lattice constants were found to be decreased with increasing pressure wherein the lattice constants at 0 GPa agree well with the reported values. The stability (mechanical and dynamical) of the titled compounds at different pressures was checked. The mechanical behavior was disclosed considering the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Youngs modulus, Pugh ratio, Poissons ratio, and hardness parameter at different pressures. Pugh and Poisson ratios were used to assess the brittleness and ductility of the titled borides. The anisotropic nature of mechanical properties was studied by calculating different indices and plotting 2D and 3D projections of the elastic moduli. The electronic properties were revealed by calculating the band structure, density of states, and charge density mapping at different pressures, wherein the anisotropic nature of the electronic conductivity was noted. We studied the Debye temperature, minimum thermal conductivity, Gruneisen parameter, and melting temperature of the titled borides at different pressures; the results revealed the improvement of the mentioned properties with rising pressure. The important optical constants to disclose the possible relevance in application purposes were investigated; a little pressure effect was noted. The thermal properties suggest that the titled borides could be used as thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials while the reflectivity spectra revealed their suitability to be used as cover materials for protection from solar heating.

The nature of the existence, revealed through Human cognitive system, has been evolving since the development of the languages. Part of such revelations were the geometrical forms and the numbers, whose beauty and order, wondrous and mysterious, conveyed a sense of unreality beyond the physical reality normally discerned; to Plato they were indications of the other reality of which only those few glimpses had occurred. And full access for the earthlings required breaking out of their shackles of captivity; beautifully portrayed in the Masters cave allegory. The Present era sense of wonder of the effectiveness of the mathematics in the formulations of the discoveries of the fundamental and natural laws of existence, and the advances in computation, and especially in artificial intelligence (AI), have revived the platonic idea with some adherents among the very minds who contribute to furthering of our understanding of our physical universe. The work presented here is an attempt in proving that a physical world precludes the prospects for the mathematics to be its other reality. This end is achieved by bringing to light the processes involved in the discernment of the world by humans. The fundamentals involved make it clear that the events of the physical universe, are played out in our physical brains operational language of physics; and the symbolic language of mathematics is another machine language of our computational brains for the specific expressions of the underlying physics of some of the phenomena it processes. This rapidly developing language, presently much in appearances strange to the physical reality, and taken by many great minds; Plato, Galileo, Kant, Winger and the likes, as indication of an incontrovertible and mysteriousness mathematical world, is in fact inadvertently, blazing the trail for discoveries of more novelties of the physics of the physical universe.

Yb-substituted Ni-Zn ferrites have been synthesized using sol-gel auto combustion method. The structural characterization of the compositions has been performed by X-ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), quantum design physical properties measurement system (PPMS). That ensured the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure. Crystallite and average grain size are calculated and found to decrease with increasing Yb3+ contents. Saturation magnetization and Bohr magnetic moment decrease while the coercivity increases with the increase in Yb3+ contents successfully explained by the Neels collinear two sub-lattice model and critical size effect, respectively. Critical particle size has been estimated at 6.4 nm, the transition point between single domain regime (below the critical size) and multi-domain regime (beyond the critical size). Curie temperature reduces due to the weakening of A-O-B super exchange interaction and redistribution of cations, confirmed by the M-T graph. The compositions retain ferromagnetic ordered structured below Curie temperature and above Curie temperature, it becomes paramagnetic, making them plausible candidates for high temperature magnetic device applications. The relative quality factor peak is obtained at a very high frequency, indicating the compositions could also be applicable for high frequency magnetic device applications.

The mysterious phenomenon of consciousness, after having been the subject of philosophic attention for few millennia, has drawn much scientific curiosity in recent decades; and many brilliant minds of various areas of sciences are trying to throw some light on it. Present neuroscience knowledge allows envisioning the neural processes behind the physical aspects of consciousness, however what may be behind the experiences of it, which has no physical insignia, has remained a mystery despite the grounds gained in recent well received efforts: monumental endeavors concluding in the known theories such as global workspace theory (GWT) [1] and integrated information theory (IIT) [2], fall short of providing a solid theory for consciousness: the former proposes a simple hypothesis concerning the neural basis of 'making a conscious mental effort,' and the latter, assuming 'experience to be an intrinsic property of the brain,' formulates how it is transitioned, through certain information based neural activity, to its physical substrate. Present work puts forward a theory of consciousness, rooted in the simple and straightforward implications of the computational operation of the brain which is consistent with well known facts and recent findings, which indicates presence of motor cortex activity in relaying conscious experiences. Despite simplicity, the theory provides fundamental basis for physicalism [3], as well answers for some Meta level problems of consciousness.

Polycrystalline Yb substituted NiZn nanoferrites with the compositions of Ni0.5Zn0.5YbxFe2-xO4 (x= 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.20) have been synthesized using sol gel auto combustion technique. Single phase cubic spinel structure has been confirmed by the X ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Larger lattice constants of the compositions are found with increasing Yb3+ concentration while the average grain size (52 to 18 nm) has noticeable decrease as Yb3+ content is increased. The presence of all existing elements as well as the purity of the samples has also been confirmed from energy dispersive X ray spectroscopic (EDS) analysis. Frequency dependent dielectric constant, dielectric loss, dielectric relaxation time, AC and DC resistivity of the compositions have also been examined at room temperature. The DC resistivity value is found in the order of 10 to power 10 (omega-cm) which is at least four orders greater than the ferrites prepared by conventional method. This larger value of resistivity attributes due to very small grain size and successfully explained using the Verwey and deBoer hopping conduction model. The contribution of grain and grain boundary resistance has been elucidated using Cole Cole plot. The study of temperature dependent DC resistivity confirms the semiconducting nature of all titled compositions wherein bandgap (optical) increases from 2.73 eV to 3.25 eV with the increase of Yb content. The high value of resistivity is of notable achievement for the compositions that make them a potential candidate for implication in the high frequency applications where reduction of eddy current loss is highly required., Comment: 27 pages

The mirror neuron theory that has enjoyed continued validations was developed with no particular attention to the phenomenon of the vision. Understandably the perception of vision has always been thought to happen, naturally, as that for any of the other four senses. However, the reality that underlies this presumption is by no means obvious; vision perception is based on remote sensing of the ecology, fundamentally different form that of the other senses, which have tactile stimulation origin (contact with matter). While its reality, as explicated here, explains why the above presumption is true, it also bears heavily on the mirror neuron theory: the revelation of the nature of vision makes mirror neurons unnecessary. The extensive cognitive neurosciences investigation of primates and humans, over the past three decades, have experimentally validated the theory of mirror neurons which had been put forward early in the period (1980s and 1990s) based on the results of cognitive research experiments on the macaque monkeys. Based on further experimental works, phenomena such as learning, empathy, and some aspects of survival, are ascribed to the operations of this class of additional neurons. Here I reason that all the results of the efforts of the proponents of the theory can, not only find explanation in the context of the new theory of vision but also provide support for it. This new take of the phenomenon of vision is developed based on the nature of the experimental methods that have succeeded in developing some measure of vision for the blinds, and the inferences from the very likely nature of the computational strategy of the brain. I present evidence that the mental phenomena, which rendered the claim of the mirror neurons, are in essence the results of subjects beings variably touched by their ecology, through the coherent tactile operation of all senses.

For complex life to evolve, a sophisticated nervous system for handling its complexities was fundamental. The demand resulted in the emergence of brain's computational facility, the neuronal network. This facet of the brain is attested solidly by its inspired scientific computational neural nets which (mathematically) resolve and solve many complex problems. The presumptive general semblance of the computational operation between the two systems allows for the inference that the process in brain's neural domain also renders complexities for solution, as sets of parametric equations, like the basic implicit algorithmic formalisms underlying the operations of the scientific neural nets. This parallel is based on the fact that such devices resolve complex problems for which no declarative logical formulation is deployed. The mathematically resolved neural net problem formalism also resembled that of any theoretically known and formulated complexities which are algorithmized, in their discretized solution domains, within the context of initial and boundary value problems for direct or iterative solution by computers. The brain neuronal net algorithmization of complexities delineate the governing equations of life and living, solutions of which are achieved by trial and error learning, deploying rest of the nervous system and other faculties of living beings. The computational operations of the brain delineate two mental states: consciousness and the unconscious; the aware and unaware states which describes the interactive living processes involved in charting life's path., Comment: 5 Pages

Understanding of the phenomena of vision and thought require clarification of the general mechanism of perception. So far, philosophical inquiries and scientific investigations have not been able to address clearly the mysteries surrounding them. The present work is an attempt to unravel the essences of these phenomenal based on the presumption of computational brain. Within this context, the natures of thought is clarified, and the basis of the experience of perception is established. And by drawing from the successes of the developed tactile vision substitution systems (TVSS), which render some measure of vision,in vision handicapped persons, early or congenital blinds, the true nature of vision as cutaneous sensations is also divulged. The mechanism of perception involves sensing of the stimuli, and autonomous engagement of brain neuronal complexity resolution patterns; that is the brain implicit embedded computational instructions. Upon commencement of the triggers, brain computations, which aso involve engaging body's biophysical feedback system, are performed; and the results are outputted as motor signals that render the realization of perception. However, this requires deployment of a perception medium; an interface. Given the nature of efferent signals, there must be a (known) bio-mechanical system interface, other than the body muscle and skeletal system, which performs the needed function: Considering the fact that the vocal system performs such task for verbalization of brain's synthesis of language, the possibility of its further role in the experience of thought and vision, in the form of mostly quiet (inaudible) recital of the related motor signals, is suggested., Comment: 3 pages

Mental stress is a vague though familiar concept that accounts for an agency of the good, the bad and the ugly, that operates in the brains of animated beings, in response to environmental stressors. In this work, we provide evidence for correlation of stressors with afflictions of MS throughout the world, and put forward arguments in support of the fact that stressors can render disruptions in the normal computational processes of the brain, defining the innards of the mental stress, which in turn may lead to the onset of physiologic adversities in the biologic systems, possibly rendering various diseases, even one as MS. While the real cause of the disease is still not known, major focus is put on the treatment of MS symptoms, aiming to slow down its progress and to reduce the frequency of attacks. In this effort we establish the link between MS and mental stress, through analyses of various aspects of statistics of prevalence and incidence, available in the literature [3-5], which lends itself to opening up of additional treatment possibilities that could be used separate of, or conjunctively with, the medical approaches. On a grander scale, publicizing the adverse workings of the mental stress and its evils can attain statistical gains, in the incidence reduction.

Beings, animate or inanimate, are dynamical systems which continuously interact with the (external and /or internal) environment through the physical or physiologic interfaces of their Kantian (representational) realities. And the nature of their interactions is determined by the inner workings of their systems. It is from this perspective that this work attempts to address some of the long-held philosophical questions, major one among them consciousness-- in the context of the physicality of the dynamic systems., Comment: 16 Pages, 1 Figure

The structural, electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of Mo2Ga2C are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The optimized crystal structure is obtained and the lattice parameters are compared with available experimental data. The electronic density of states (DOS) is calculated and analyzed. The metallic behavior for the compound is confirmed and the value of DOS at Fermi level is 4.2 states per unit cell per eV. Technologically important optical parameters (e.g., dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient, photo conductivity, reflectivity, and loss function) have been calculated for the first time. The study of dielectric constant (e1) indicates the Drude-like behavior. The absorption and conductivity spectra suggest that the compound is metallic. The reflectance spectrum shows that this compound has the potential to be used as a solar reflector. The thermodynamic properties such as the temperature and pressure dependent bulk modulus, Debye temperature, specific heats, and thermal expansion coefficient of Mo2Ga2C MAX phase are derived from the quasi-harmonic Debye model with phononic effect also for the first time. Analysis of Tc expression using available parameter values (DOS, Debye temperature, atomic mass etc.) suggests that the compound is less likely to be superconductor., Comment: Submitted to Chinese Physics B

The structural, elastic, and electronic properties of newly synthesized Zr2(Al0.58Bi0.42)C, Zr2(Al0.2Sn0.8)C, and Zr2(Al0.3Sb0.7)C MAX nanolaminates have been studied using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the first time. Theoretical Vickers hardness has also been estimated for these compounds. All the calculated results are compared with experimental data and also with that of recently discovered Zr2AlC phase, where available. Zr2(Al0.58Bi0.42)C and Zr2(Al0.2Sn0.8)C are the two first Bi and Sn containing MAX compounds. The calculated structural parameters are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The single crystal elastic constants Cij and other polycrystalline elastic coefficients have been calculated and the mechanical stabilities of these compounds have been theoretically confirmed. The bulk modulus increases and the shear modulus decreases due to partial Bi/Sn/Sb substitution for Al in Zr2AlC. The calculated elastic moduli show that these Bi/Sn/Sb containing MAX phases are more anisotropic than Zr2AlC, and have a tendency towards ductility. The Vickers hardness decreases in the Bi/Sn/Sb containing compounds. Further, the electronic band structures and electronic density of states (EDOS) are calculated and the effects of different elemental substitution on these properties are investigated. The electronic band structures show metallic characteristics with contribution predominantly coming from the Zr 4d orbitals. Partial presence of Bi/Sn/Sb atoms increases the EDOS at the Fermi level to some extent. Possible implications of the theoretical results for these recently discovered MAX nanolaminates have been discussed in detail in this paper., Comment: Submitted to Computational Materials Science

We present a systematic first-principles study of the structural, elastic, electronic, optical and thermodynamics properties of the sulvanite compounds Cu3TMS4 (TM = V, Nb and Ta). The structural, elastic and electronic properties are in fact revisited using a different calculation code than that used by other workers and the results are compared. The band gaps are found to be 1.041, 1.667 and 1.815 eV for Cu3VS4, Cu3NbS4 and Cu3TaS4, respectively which are comparable to other available calculated results. The optical properties such as dielectric function, refractive index, photoconductivity, absorption coefficients, reflectivity and loss function have been calculated for the first time. The calculated results are compared with the limited measured data on energy dependent refractive index and reflectivity coefficient available only for Cu3TaS4. All the materials are dielectric, transparent in the visible range. The values of plasma frequencies are found to be 15.36, 15.58 and 15.64 eV for Cu3VS4, Cu3NbS4 and Cu3TaS4, respectively. Furthermore, following the quasi-harmonic Debye model, the temperature effect on the bulk modulus, heat capacity, and Debye temperature is calculated reflecting the anharmonic phonon effects and these are compared with both experimental and other theoretical data where available., Comment: 13 pages

Using ab initio method we have studied the structural, elastic, electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of AlB2 and TaB2. We have used plane wave pseudopotential with generalised gradient approximation as implemented in CASTEP program. The independent elastic constants, bulk modulus, Young's modulus, shear modulus, anisotropic factor, Pugh ratio, etc are calculated. This results show that AlB2 and TaB2 are mechanically stable. We have also calculated the band structure and density of states. Band structure results show that AlB2 and TaB2 show metallic behaviour. In order to understand the electronic properties in a better way we have also calculated dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient, conductivity, loss function and reflectivity. Results of absorption coefficient and conductivity are in good agreement with the band structure results. The effect of temperature and pressure on the bulk modulus, Debye temperature, specific heat and also on the thermal expansion coefficient are derived from the quasi-harmonic Debye model with phononic effect in both cases.The results for the elastic and electronic properties are compared to experimental measurements and with the results obtained in different band-structure calculations, however, no optical data are available for comparison., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

We investigate the photoluminescence temperature dependence of individual InAs/InGaAlAs quantum dots emitting in the optical telecommunication bands. The high-density dots are grown on InP substrates and the selection of a smaller dot number is done by the processing of suitable nanometer sized mesas. Using ensembles of only a few dots inside such mesas, their temperature stability, inter-dot charge transfer, as well as, carrier capture and escape mechanisms out of the dots are investigated systematically. This includes the discussion of the dot ensemble and individual dots. Among the single-dot properties, we investigate the transition of emission lines from zero-phonon line to acoustic phonon sideband dominated line shape with temperature. Moreover, the presence of single recombination lines up to temperatures of around 150 K is demonstrated., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures