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The primary factor behind Enterobacteriaceae members' resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is extended spectrum β-lactamases. Infections of the urinary tract are most frequently caused by Escherichia coli, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family (UTIs). About 80% of isolates that lead to urinary tract infections are E. coli. For the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), beta-lactam antibiotics such as cephalosporins and penicillins are the most widely prescribed and safest antimicrobial medicines. Our goals were to look at the prevalence of E. coli that produces ESBL and identify drugs that work well against isolates of E. coli that produce ESBL from urine samples. To study the treatment option for urinary tract infections caused by extended spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli. In all, 312 E. coli isolates were obtained from urine samples throughout the August 2022-December 2023 study period. Testing for antimicrobial susceptibility was done according to the CLSI guidelines. The double disk diffusion test revealed the presence of ESBL production. In the present study, out of the 312 E. coli isolates, 71(22.7%) were phenotypically identified as ESBL producers and 241(77.3%) were non-ESBL. Among 71 ESBL producing E. coli strains, 51 (71.8%) belong to In-patients and 20 (28.2%) belong to Out-patients gave statistically significant results. All ESBL (100%) were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin. In conclusion, our study is the first in-depth investigation of antibiotic resistance from a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow and it demonstrates a low incidence of ESBL among E. coli isolates. This may facilitate the implementation of control measures for hospital- and community-based illnesses caused by the emergence of antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive beta-lactamases spectrum are the main foundation to conflict to bata lactam antibiotics in membrane of Enterobacteriaceae. ESBL allied infections are stairing up worldwide and has emerged to be a grave problem to public health. We designed our study to explore the phenotypic detection of ESBL producing E. coli isolates from urine specimens at a tertiary care hospital and to establish the antibiotic sensitivity profile of ESBL positive isolates. Our goal were to look at the frequency of E. coli strains in Urinary isolates from subjects of UTI (urinary tract infection) with the aim to appraise their modern pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility and also to gaze for any multi-drugs resistance isolates. A total 366 E. coli isolates were accumulated from urine samples between the study periods Aug. 2022 to Apr. 2024. All Uropathogenic E. coli strain isolates from urine samples collected from hospitalized and consultation patients in Lucknow were included. Of the UTIs caused by Enterobacteriaceae that were reported, 366 (43.8%) had E. coli as the etiological agent. Of all the urinary Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 82 (22.5%) were found to be ESBL-producing E. coli. Our work shows a decreased ESBL prevalence in isolates of E. coli and is the first comprehensive examination of antibiotic resistance from a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow. This could make it easier to put control measures in place for infections that arise in hospitals and communities as a result of antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a severe complication of poorly controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), significantly increasing the risk of amputation when infected. These infections are often polymicrobial and resistant to antibiotics, making treatment challenging. This study aimed to identify aerobic bacterial isolates in DFU patients and assess their antimicrobial resistance patterns. The study included 100 patients with a mean age of 52.9±11.8 years, of which 81% were male. The average HbA1c was 8.0±1.0%, and the average duration of diabetes was 4.9±4.6 years. Nearly half of the participants (46%) were illiterate. Wagner's grade III ulcers were the most common (37%). Among the 140 isolates, gramnegative bacteria (78.6%) were more common than gram-positive bacteria (21.4%). Monomicrobial infections (57%) were more frequent than polymicrobial ones. The most commonly isolated species were E. coli (17.8%), S. aureus (15%), P. aeruginosa (14.3%), K. pneumoniae (11.4%) and P. rettgerii (7.1%). Effective antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria included netilmicin, imipenem, meropenem and tobramycin, while tetracycline, doxycycline, linezolid and vancomycin were effective against gram-positive bacteria, particularly MRSA. Gentamicin and chloramphenicol were effective against both types. The study found significant associations between polymicrobial infections (p=0.001), amputation (p=0.004), biofilm production (p=0.026) and ulcers lasting over one-month (p=0.049) in patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background High mammographic density increases breast cancer risk and reduces mammographic sensitivity. We reviewed evidence on accuracy of supplemental MRI for women with dense breasts at average or increased risk. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched 1995-2022. Articles were included if women received breast MRI following 2D or tomosynthesis mammography. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2. Analysis used independent studies from the articles. Fixed-effect meta-analytic summaries were estimated for predefined groups (PROSPERO: 230277). Results Eighteen primary research articles (24 studies) were identified in women aged 19-87 years. Breast density was heterogeneously or extremely dense (BI-RADS C/D) in 15/18 articles and extremely dense (BI-RADS D) in 3/18 articles. Twelve of 18 articles reported on increased-risk populations. Following 21 440 negative mammographic examinations, 288/320 cancers were detected by MRI. Substantial variation was observed between studies in MRI cancer detection rate, partly associated with prevalent vs incident MRI exams (prevalent: 16.6/1000 exams, 12 studies; incident: 6.8/1000 exams, 7 studies). MRI had high sensitivity for mammographically occult cancer (20 studies with at least 1-year follow-up). In 5/18 articles with sufficient data to estimate relative MRI detection rate, approximately 2 in 3 cancers were detected by MRI (66.3%, 95% CI, 56.3%-75.5%) but not mammography. Positive predictive value was higher for more recent studies. Risk of bias was low in most studies. Conclusion Supplemental breast MRI following negative mammography in women with dense breasts has breast cancer detection rates of ~16.6/1000 at prevalent and ~6.8/1000 at incident MRI exams, considering both high and average risk settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbicides are critical in preventing crop production losses in no-till systems because of their weed-control capabilities as well as their ability to preserve rising soil. Weed resistance to herbicides must be reduced because it is a critical control feature on behalf of diet security. Cross resistance may happen through herbicides from very similar or diverse herbicide families, as well as beside the similar or dissimilar site of action. Weed struggle in the direction of herbicides must be reduced since it is a critical control feature designed for diet protection. The objective of research to determine the enzyme ACCase interaction with the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl as a protein ligand interaction and Molecular dynamics MD simulation analysis to confirm the physical movement of atoms and molecule. Various computational methods and tools were used to find out interaction i.e., RCSB PDB, PubChem, MGL Auto dock vina, Discovery studio, UCSF Chimera, Desmond Schrodinger, and Maestro Schrodinger. The result was concluded that herbicide protein binds to the active site on the receptor at specific location. The 3jzf protein bind with the ARG_292 and make good interaction, the HIS_209 make Hydrophobic bond, GLN_233 and GLN_237 make good hydrogen bond and HIS_236 make water bridges. These residues make excellent interaction with the surrounding residues in 3jzf protein with the ligand Fenoxaprop-p ethyl, ASP_382 is the most important ones in terms of Hbonds for (3jzi) that is not stable bonding. The complex 3jzf indicates that the complex reaches stability at 5 ns and remained stable till 35 ns after that there was a little increase in RMD of ligand but again it becomes stable with protein. The complexity of the RMSD plot for the given 3jzi shows that it achieves stabilization about 30 ns. However, the RMSD for the ligand is quite high, indicating a poor interaction. After then, an overall RMSD value of 2.0 Å, for (3jzf) and 3.0 Å, for (3jzi) remains for ligand up to 50 ns. After becoming stable, protein RMSD values vary within 1.0 Angstrom. This indicates that the ligand stayed attached to the receptor's binding site for most of the simulated time. However, there is greater variation in (3jzi) than in (3jzf). Molecular docking modeling show and verify that protein and ligand have the similar relations beside nearby residues, resulting in an outstanding match through ACCase' active site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Early gastric cancer is typically small and asymptomatic, and the high mortality from gastric cancer is mainly due to late presentation. Surgical resection of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes (RLNs) along with adjuvant treatment is the only curative approach. However, overall prognosis remains poor, with 5-year survival rates of only 20%. Many studies have identified high preoperative levels of CEA as a poor prognostic factor for patients with potentially resect able GC. Other published works have suggested that a combination of CEA, CA 19.9 and the relatively new marker CA 72.4 provides additional prognostic information on these patients, with preoperative positivity for one of them considered as evidence of a high recurrence risk even in the early stages. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study which included all the patients who underwent treatment for Gastric carcinoma, in the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, over a period of 2 years from 1st March 2017 to 30th April 2019. Correlation of the tumour marker values were done with staging, tumor differentiation and lymph node involvement in Gastric cancer subjects. Appropriate analysis were carried out by use of Student's t-test, Fishers Exact Test and Chi Square test for categorical data. Results: Out of all the parameters (pre-operative CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4,) elevated CA19-9 was the most sensitive marker associated with advanced stage and none of above tumour markers correlate with grade of tumour. CA72 -4 is least sensitive marker associated with advanced stage of tumour. Conclusion: Preoperative increased Serum levels of CA 19 -9 is associated with advanced TNM stage of Carcinoma Stomach as compared to CEA and CA 72-4 No significant association could be demonstrated between these tumor markers with grade or histology of malignancy. Increased Serum CA 19-9 is perhaps an independent predictor of advanced stage and poor prognostic factor in patients with Gastric carcinoma. Hence, the patients with increased Serum CA 19-9 is associated with advanced stage and may require neoadjuvant therapy unless there is no contraindication for neoadjuvant therapy. However, long term follow-up studies and survival analysis and further randomized control studies are needed to substantiate this observational study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the best optimality condition has been checked. Thus, optimizing the transportation problem of variables has remarkably been significant to various disciplines. Here we implemented different types of transportation problems like the northwest corner method, least cost method, Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM), and MODI method. Then we model the Transportation Problem to LPP, then solution by different suitable methods like Simplex and Goal Programming model and we analyze those answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains the study of Multi skill training to the employees, which includes equalizing the work pressure among the employees and managing the shortage of employees in the manufacturing process. A mathematical model was formed with an objective of minimizing the total expected cost of the employees in the manufacturing process. AHybrid Genetic algorithm was used to stimulate the solutions. The results showed that the multi skill training program yields a better result compared to non-trained employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is chronic infection of middle ear which is usually managed with antibiotic therapy. This infection may cause the depression and cognitive changes in patients. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of antibiotic (ciprofloxacin and co-amoxicillin) with antidepressant or without antidepressants (bromazepam and imipramine) at low doses on rats with induced with CSOM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to induce CSOM by in rat ear (tympanic bulla). The rats were divided into eight groups having six animals in each group. Neuropharmacological activities and gross behavior were observed in open field activity, force swimming cage, maze test, light and dark activity box and traction test. Observations were noted weekly after the administration of ciprofloxacin (15.3mg/kg), co-amoxicillin (15.3mg/kg), imipramine (1.15mg/kg) and bromazepam (0.09mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The altered behavior and depression was observed in control positive but reverted back in groups maintained on antidepressants with antibiotics with significant improved locomotor activity, memory in memory cage, muscular co-ordination and body balance and decreased anxiety. On the other hand, groups treated with only antibiotics showed significant improvement only in force swimming and traction test at day 14. Therefore, the antidepressant effects of the drugs can be employed to attenuate stress and depression in patients with CSOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]