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Plastics degrade into nano plastic or microplastic. Microplastics (MPs) leaches from plastic packaging to food affect human health. In this study overall migration of different plastics packaging was determined by using IS 9845: 1998 method. Food simulant distilled water (Simulant A) for aqueous/non acidic foods (pH ≥ 5) without fat, 3% acetic acid (simulant B) for aqueous, acidic food (pH≤ 5) without fat at 40°C/10 daysand n-heptane (simulant D) for edible fatty foods at 38°C/0.5 were used as per Bureau of Indian Standards IS - 9845-1998. Overall migration in local candy (Titaura) ranges from 4.51580 to 20.43310 mg/kg in food simulant 3% acetic acid (simulant B) and by using n-heptane (simulant D) it ranges from 12.2400 to 41.1066mg/kg. Similarly in pickles migration of microplastics range from 51.16 to 58.56 mg/kg by using simulant B and in the case of simulant D, it ranges from 7.2266 to 58.6266 mg/kg. The overall migration of microplastics in Yogurt samples were found to be 3.0186 to 19.2093 mg/L using simulant B and in the case of simulant D, it ranges from 7.2266 to 58.6266 mg/L.

The nitrogen functionalized biomaterial is used for the adsorption of Cd (II) from waste water. The application and possibility of regeneration and reuse of functionalized biomaterial were evaluated with adsorption desorption experiments. Cd (II) loaded biomaterial was eluted with sodium hydroxide, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid. Among them 0.1 M nitric acid gave the most effective result releasing about 90% of metal ions onto the solution in six successive cycles. The result suggests the efficiency and applicability of functionalized biomaterial as a potential biosorbent in the removal of Cd (II) from waste water.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVol. 21, No. 1, 2016, Page: 90-94

In this study adsorptive removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by using environmental friendly natural polymers present in exhausted tea leaves has been studied. The biosorbent was modified with dimethylamine to introduce N-functional groups on the surface of adsorbent. The modified adsorbent was characterized by elemental analysis, zeta potential analysis, SEM, DRFTIR, XRD and TG/DTA analysis to conform the modification. Adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was determined as the function of pH of the solution, initial concentration of the solution and contact time. The adsorption experiments were performed using batch experiments. The maximum adsorption capacities of the adsorbent were found to be 91.68 and 71.20 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively. To minimize the process cost, regeneration of the biosorbent and recovery of metal ions was explored by desorption study. The results indicate that the adsorbent holds great potential for the sequestration of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from their aqueous solution. Hence the modified exhausted tea leaves (MTL) have been investigated as a new cost effective and efficient biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from their aqueous solution.

Different types of agricultural waste materials have been explored for their efficiency in removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. A biomass of Desmostachya bipinnata (DB) was investigated as the potential bio-adsorbent for the removal of Cd (II)) and Cu (II) from wastewater. The surface of DB was chemically grafted with ethylenediamine. It was characterized by elemental, FTIR and SEM analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity of MDB in the removal of Cd (II) and Cu (II) were 30.4mg/g and 41.6 mg/g at their optimum pH 6 and 5, respectively. The experimental data followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model The research results indicated that D. bipinnata can be an alternative, efficient and ecofriendly material for the removal of Cd (II) and Cu (II) from wastewater.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9333Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page: 37-44 Uploaded date: 12/16/2013

The biomass of Desmostachy bipannata (Kush, a religious plant of Hindus) was modified for the better adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solution. The FTIR and SEM images were used for the characterization of biomass. The adsorptive separation of metal ions from aqueous solution was studied with equilibrium isotherm and kinetic model. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic model showed better explanation for the adsorption process. The experimental results suggest that biomass from Kush can be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solution. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012) 101-106 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7448

The industrial discharge of heavy metals into waters' course is one of the major pollution problems affecting water quality. Therefore, they must be removed prior to their discharge into waste streams. An efficient and low-cost bioadsorbent has been investigated from Desmostachya bipinnata (Kush) by charring with concentrated sulphuric acid and functionalized with dimethylamine.It was characterised by SEM, FTIR and elemental analysis. The effect of pH, initial concentration and contact time of the metal solution was monitered by batch method. The maximum adsorption capacities were determined for Cd and Zn at their optimum pH 6. The equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm model fitted well and the rate of adsorption followed the pseudo second order kinetic equation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6669 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 107-114

Adsorptive removal of Methyl Red (MR) from aqueous solution onto chemically modified charred sugarcane waste (CSW) and aminated sugarcane waste (ASW) has been investigated. The surface modification was characterized by FTIR, SEM, elemental analysis and Boehm titration. The effect of pH, contact time and MR concentrations were studied by batch equilibrium method. Maximum dye removal was observed at pH 2 onto CSW while that for ASW at pH 7. The dye can be quantitatively removed onto the surface of these adsorbents at a contact time of 3 h. Maximum adsorption capacity (q max ) for the CSW and ASW were found to be 125.0 mg/g and 142.85 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption kinetic data were tested using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorptive removal of the dye onto the adsorbents followed pseudo-second order kinetics model. The obtained results indicated an excellent alternative for the treatment of dye contaminated wastewater using such chemically modified sugarcane waste at low cost with better efficiency. Â