33 results on '"Jaggernath, Manjeetha"'
Search Results
2. Oral preexposure prophylaxis uptake, adherence, and persistence during periconception periods among women in South Africa
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Matthews, Lynn T., Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Kriel, Yolandie, Smith, Patricia M., Haberer, Jessica E., Baeten, Jared M., Hendrix, Craig W., Ware, Norma C., Moodley, Pravi, Pillay, Melendhran, Bennett, Kara, Bassler, John, Psaros, Christina, Hurwitz, Kathleen E., Bangsberg, David R., and Smit, Jennifer A.
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- 2024
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3. Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevalence, Partner Notification, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Perception in a Cohort of Women Completing Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening as Part of a Safer Conception Study
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Beesham, Ivana, Isehunwa, Oluwaseyi, Kriel, Yolandie, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Bennett, Kara, Hurwitz, Kathleen, Smith, Patricia M., Chitneni, Pooja, Bosman, Shannon, Bangsberg, David R., Marrazzo, Jeanne M., Smit, Jennifer A., and Matthews, Lynn T.
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- 2024
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4. STI prevalence, partner notification and HIV risk perception in a cohort of women completing STI screening as part of a safer conception study
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Beesham, Ivana, Isehunwa, Oluwaseyi, Kriel, Yolandie, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Bennett, Kara, Hurwitz, Kathleen, Smith, Patricia M., Chitneni, Pooja, Bosman, Shannon, Bangsberg, David R., Marrazzo, Jeanne M., Smit, Jennifer A., and Matthews, Lynn T.
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- 2024
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5. Influences on PrEP Uptake and Adherence Among South African Women During Periconception and Pregnancy: A Qualitative Analysis
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Wyatt, Monique A., Pisarski, Emily E., Kriel, Yolandie, Smith, Patricia M., Mathenjwa, Mxolisi, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Smit, Jennifer A., Matthews, Lynn T., and Ware, Norma C.
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- 2023
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6. End‐user preference for and choice of four vaginally delivered HIV prevention methods among young women in South Africa and Zimbabwe: the Quatro Clinical Crossover Study
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Montgomery, Elizabeth T, Beksinska, Mags, Mgodi, Nyaradzo, Schwartz, Jill, Weinrib, Rachel, Browne, Erica N, Mphili, Nonhlanhla, Musara, Petina, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Ju, Susan, Smit, Jenni, Chirenje, Z Mike, Doncel, Gustavo F, and van der Straten, Ariane
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Consumer Behavior ,Contraceptive Devices ,Female ,Cross-Over Studies ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,South Africa ,Vaginal Creams ,Foams ,and Jellies ,Young Adult ,Zimbabwe ,microbicides ,PrEP ,adolescents ,women ,Public Health and Health Services ,Other Medical and Health Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Public health - Abstract
IntroductionAdherence to HIV prevention methods is a challenge, particularly for young women in Sub-Saharan Africa. End-user research during product development can inform modifiable factors to increase future uptake and adherence.MethodsPreferences for four vaginally inserted placebo HIV prevention methods were assessed among Zimbabwean and South African young women using a crossover clinical design. For each of months 1 to 4, participants were asked to use a pre-coitally inserted film, insert (vaginal tablet) and gel once/week for a month, and a monthly ring in a randomly assigned sequence. Participants subsequently chose one preferred product to use as directed for the final study month. Women ranked the four products from most preferred to least preferred at enrolment and after trying all products.ResultsA total of 200 women aged 18 to 30 (mean 23) were enrolled; 178 (89%) completed follow-up. At baseline, 41% of participants selected the gel as their most preferred product and 61% selected the ring as least preferred. During the crossover period, most (82% to 85%) self-reported using each product at least once a week, although only half the time with sex. Objective biomarker data confirmed adequate use of all products. After trying each product, rankings changed with the film, ring, insert and gel being selected by 29%, 28%, 26% and 16% respectively. Choice varied significantly by country (p
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- 2019
7. Adherence to daily, oral TDF/FTC PrEP during periconception among HIV-exposed South African women
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Hurwitz, Kathleen E., primary, Isehunwa, Oluwaseyi O., additional, Hendrickson, Kayla R., additional, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, additional, Kriel, Yolandie, additional, Smith, Patricia M., additional, Mathenjwa, Mxolisi, additional, Bennett, Kara, additional, Psaros, Christina, additional, Baeten, Jared M., additional, Bangsberg, David R., additional, Haberer, Jessica E., additional, Smit, Jennifer A., additional, and Matthews, Lynn T., additional
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- 2023
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8. A high burden of asymptomatic genital tract infections undermines the syndromic management approach among adolescents and young adults in South Africa: implications for HIV prevention efforts
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Kaida, Angela, Dietrich, Janan J., Laher, Fatima, Beksinska, Mags, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Bardsley, Megan, Smith, Patricia, Cotton, Laura, Chitneni, Pooja, Closson, Kalysha, Lewis, David A., Smit, Jenni A., Ndung’u, Thumbi, Brockman, Mark, and Gray, Glenda
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- 2018
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9. Influences on PrEP Uptake and Adherence Among South African Women During Periconception and Pregnancy: A Qualitative Analysis
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Wyatt, Monique A., primary, Pisarski, Emily E., additional, Kriel, Yolandie, additional, Smith, Patricia M., additional, Mathenjwa, Mxolisi, additional, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, additional, Smit, Jennifer A., additional, Matthews, Lynn T., additional, and Ware, Norma C., additional
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- 2022
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10. End?user preference for and choice of four vaginally delivered HIV prevention methods among young women in South Africa and Zimbabwe: the Quatro Clinical Crossover Study
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Montgomery, Elizabeth T., Beksinska, Mags, Mgodi, Nyaradzo, Schwartz, Jill, Weinrib, Rachel, Browne, Erica N., Mphili, Nonhlanhla, Musara, Petina, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Ju, Susan, Smit, Jenni, Chirenje, Z Mike, Doncel, Gustavo F., and Straten, Ariane
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Health attitudes -- Evaluation ,HIV infection -- Prevention ,Health - Abstract
: Introduction: Adherence to HIV prevention methods is a challenge, particularly for young women in Sub?Saharan Africa. End?user research during product development can inform modifiable factors to increase future uptake and adherence. Methods: Preferences for four vaginally inserted placebo HIV prevention methods were assessed among Zimbabwean and South African young women using a crossover clinical design. For each of months 1 to 4, participants were asked to use a pre?coitally inserted film, insert (vaginal tablet) and gel once/week for a month, and a monthly ring in a randomly assigned sequence. Participants subsequently chose one preferred product to use as directed for the final study month. Women ranked the four products from most preferred to least preferred at enrolment and after trying all products. Results: A total of 200 women aged 18 to 30 (mean 23) were enrolled; 178 (89%) completed follow?up. At baseline, 41% of participants selected the gel as their most preferred product and 61% selected the ring as least preferred. During the crossover period, most (82% to 85%) self?reported using each product at least once a week, although only half the time with sex. Objective biomarker data confirmed adequate use of all products. After trying each product, rankings changed with the film, ring, insert and gel being selected by 29%, 28%, 26% and 16% respectively. Choice varied significantly by country (p < 0.001): More Zimbabweans chose the film (45%), and more South Africans chose the insert (34%). Among women choosing the ring, 88% reported using it every time with sex. By contrast, self?reported adherence was lower for ?on?demand? (coitally associated) products, with 40% to 55% using them every time during sex (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Preferences for these four dosage forms varied before and after use, and both within and across countries ? there was no clear favourite ? indicating the need for a range of options for end?users. The ring's popularity increased the most with use, was the second most preferred delivery system, and per self?report, provided more coverage during sex. These end?user perspectives provide important information to product developers and funding agencies., Introduction Adolescents and young women in Africa are at disproportionately high risk for HIV acquisition and the identification and delivery of safe, effective female?initiated prevention interventions is a public health [...]
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- 2019
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11. Association of IL-10-Promoter Genetic Variants With the Rate of CD4 T-Cell Loss, IL-10 Plasma Levels, and Breadth of Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphocyte Response During Chronic HIV-1 Infection
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Naicker, Dshanta D., Wang, Bingxia, Losina, Elena, Zupkosky, Jennifer, Bryan, Susan, Reddy, Shabashini, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Mokgoro, Mammekwa, Goulder, Philip J. R., Kaufmann, Daniel E., and Ndung'u, Thumbi
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- 2012
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12. Broad and persistent Gag-specific CD8+ T-cell responses are associated with viral control but rarely drive viral escape during primary HIV-1 infection
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Radebe, Mopo, Gounder, Kamini, Mokgoro, Mammekwa, Ndhlovu, Zaza M., Mncube, Zenele, Mkhize, Lungile, van der Stok, Mary, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Walker, Bruce D., and Ndung’u, Thumbi
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- 2015
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13. Selection of an [HLA-C.sup.*]03:04-restricted HIV-1 p24 gag sequence variant is associated with viral escape from KIR2DL3+ natural killer cells: data from an observational cohort in South Africa
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Holzemer, Angelique, Thobakgale, Christina F., Cruz, Camilo A. Jimenez, Garcia-Beltran, Wilfredo F., Carlson, Jonathan M., van Teijlingen, Nienke H., Mann, Jaclyn K., Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Kang, Seung-gu, Korner, Christian, Chung, Amy W., Schafer, Jamie L., Evans, David T., Alter, Galit, Walker, Bruce D., Goulder, Philip J., Carrington, Mary, Hartmann, Pia, Pertel, Thomas, Zhou, Ruhong, Ndungu, Thumbi, and Altfeld, Marcus
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HIV (Viruses) -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Care and treatment ,Antigenic determinants -- Analysis -- Health aspects ,Antiviral agents -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Dosage and administration ,Killer cells -- Analysis -- Health aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Background Viruses can evade immune surveillance, but the underlying mechanisms are insufficiently understood. Here, we sought to understand the mechanisms by which natural killer (NK) cells recognize HIV-1-infected cells and how this virus can evade NK-cell-mediated immune pressure. Methods and Findings Two sequence mutations in p24 Gag associated with the presence of specific KIR/HLA combined genotypes were identified in HIV-1 clade C viruses from a large cohort of infected, untreated individuals in South Africa (n = 392), suggesting viral escape from KIR+ NK cells through sequence variations within HLA class I--presented epitopes. One sequence polymorphism at position 303 of p24 Gag ([T.sub.[Gag.sub.303]V]), selected for in infected individuals with both KIR2DL3 and [HLA-C.sup.*] 03:04, enabled significantly better binding of the inhibitory KIR2DL3 receptor to [HLA-C.sup.*] 03:04-expressing cells presenting this variant epitope compared to the wild-type epitope (wild-type mean 18.01 ± 10.45 standard deviation [SD] and variant mean 44.67 ± 14.42 SD, p = 0.002). Furthermore, activation of primary KIR2DL3+ NK cells from healthy donors in response to [HLA-C.sup.*] 03:04+ target cells presenting the variant epitope was significantly reduced in comparison to cells presenting the wild-type sequence (wild-type mean 0.78 [+ or -] 0.07 standard error of the mean [SEM] and variant mean 0.63 ± 0.07 SEM, p = 0.012). Structural modeling and surface plasmon resonance of KIR/ peptide/HLA interactions in the context of the different viral sequence variants studied supported these results. Future studies will be needed to assess processing and antigen presentation of the investigated HIV-1 epitope in natural infection, and the consequences for viral control. Conclusions These data provide novel insights into how viruses can evade NK cell immunity through the selection of mutations in HLA-presented epitopes that enhance binding to inhibitory NKcell receptors. Better understanding of the mechanisms by which HIV-1 evades NK-cell-mediated immune pressure and the functional validation of a structural modeling approach will facilitate the development of novel targeted immune interventions to harness the antiviral activities of NK cells., Introduction Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the antiviral innate immune response. They have the ability to lyse target cells without prior antigen sensitization and to regulate [...]
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- 2015
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14. Protocol for a longitudinal study to evaluate the use of tenofovir-based PrEP for safer conception and pregnancy among women in South Africa
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Matthews, Lynn T, primary, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, additional, Kriel, Yolandie, additional, Smith, Patricia M, additional, O’Neil, Kasey, additional, Haberer, Jessica E, additional, Hendrix, Craig, additional, Baeten, Jared M, additional, Ware, Norma C, additional, Wirth, Kathleen, additional, Psaros, Christina, additional, Bangsberg, David R, additional, and Smit, Jennifer A, additional
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- 2019
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15. P412 An exploratory analysis of associations between psycho-social factors and systemic inflammation among south african youth
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Henry, Ashley, primary, Muema, Daniel, additional, Akilimali, Ngomu, additional, Laher, Fatima, additional, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, additional, Hornschuh, Stefanie, additional, Smith, Patricia, additional, Cotton, Laura, additional, Bekinska, Mags, additional, Smit, Jenni, additional, Dietrich, Janan, additional, Gray, Glenda, additional, Brockman, Mark, additional, Kaida, Angela, additional, and Ndung’U, Thumbi, additional
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- 2019
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16. Partner notification and treatment outcomes among South African adolescents and young adults diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection via laboratory-based screening.
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Chitneni, Pooja, Beksinska, Mags, Dietrich, Janan J, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Closson, Kalysha, Smith, Patricia, Lewis, David A, Matthews, Lynn T, Smit, Jenni, Ndung'u, Thumbi, Brockman, Mark, Gray, Glenda, Kaida, Angela, and AYAZAZI Research Team
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SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,SEXUAL partners ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,GONORRHEA ,NEISSERIA gonorrhoeae ,CHLAMYDIA trachomatis - Abstract
Partner notification and treatment are essential components of sexually transmitted infection (STI) management, but little is known about such practices among adolescents and young adults. Using data from a prospective cohort study (AYAZAZI) of youth aged 16-24 years in Durban, South Africa, we assessed the STI care cascade across participant diagnosis, STI treatment, partner notification, and partner treatment; index recurrent STI and associated factors; and reasons for not notifying partner of STI. Participants completed laboratory-based STI screening (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis) at enrollment and at 12 months. Of the 37/216 participants with STI (17%), 27/37 (73%) were women and 10/37 (27%) were men. Median age was 19 years (IQR: 18-20). Of the participants with STI, 23/37 (62%) completed a Treatment and Partner Tracing Survey within 6 months of diagnosis. All survey participants reported completing STI treatment (100%), 17/23 (74%) notified a partner, and 6/23 (35%) reported partner treatment. Overall, 4/23 (11%) participants had 12-month recurrent C. trachomatis infection, with no association with partner notification or treatment. Stigma and lack of STI knowledge were reasons for not notifying partner of STI. STI partner notification and treatment is a challenge among youth. Novel strategies are needed to overcome barriers along the STI care cascade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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17. Reduced Expression of Siglec-7, NKG2A, and CD57 on Terminally Differentiated CD56−CD16+ Natural Killer Cell Subset Is Associated with Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Chronic HIV-1 Clade C Infection
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Zulu, Michael Z., primary, Naidoo, Kewreshini K., additional, Mncube, Zenele, additional, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, additional, Goulder, Philip J.R., additional, Ndung'u, Thumbi, additional, Altfeld, Marcus, additional, and Thobakgale, Christina F., additional
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- 2017
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18. Prevalence and Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Coinfection among HIV-Positive Women in South Africa and Botswana
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Matthews, Philippa C, Beloukas, Apostolos, Malik, Amna, Carlson, Jonathan M, Jooste, Pieter, Ogwu, Anthony, Shapiro, Roger, Riddell, Lynn, Chen, Fabian, Luzzi, Graz, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Jesuthasan, Gerald, Jeffery, Katie, Ndung'u, Thumbi, Goulder, Philip JR, Geretti, Anna Maria, and Klenerman, Paul
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Adult ,Hepatitis B virus ,Botswana ,Coinfection ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,virus diseases ,HIV Infections ,Viral Load ,Hepatitis B ,digestive system diseases ,South Africa ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,HIV-1 ,Prevalence ,Humans ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,lcsh:Science ,Research Article ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
There is progressive concern about the evolving burden of morbidity and mortality caused by coinfection with HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in sub-Saharan Africa, but the epidemiology and impact of this problem are not well defined. We therefore set out to assimilate more information about the nature of HBV/HIV coinfection in this region by undertaking a retrospective observational study of southern African adult women. We used samples from previously recruited HIV-1 positive women attending antenatal clinics in three settings in South Africa and Botswana (n = 950) and added a small cohort of HIV-negative antenatal South African women for comparison (n = 72). We tested for HBsAg and followed up HBsAg-positive samples by testing for HBeAg, HBV DNA, HBV genotype, presence of drug-resistance associated mutations (RAMs) and HDV. We identified HBsAg in 72 individuals (7% of the whole cohort), of whom 27% were HBeAg-positive, and the majority HBV genotypes A1 and A2. We did not detect any HDV coinfection. HBV prevalence was significantly different between geographically distinct cohorts, but did not differ according to HIV status. Among adults from South Africa, HBV/HIV coinfected patients had lower CD4+ T cell counts compared to those with HIV-monoinfection (p = 0.02), but this finding was not replicated in the cohort from Botswana. Overall, these data provide a snapshot of the coinfection problem at the heart of the HIV/HBV co-epidemic, and are important to inform public health policy, resource allocation, education, surveillance and clinical care.
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- 2015
19. Diagnostic Accuracy of the HemoCue Hb 301, STAT-Site MHgb and URIT-12 Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Meters in a Central Laboratory and a Community Based Clinic in Durban, South Africa
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Jaggernath, Manjeetha, primary, Naicker, Rumallen, additional, Madurai, Savathree, additional, Brockman, Mark A., additional, Ndung’u, Thumbi, additional, and Gelderblom, Huub C., additional
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- 2016
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20. HLA contributes to immune control of hepatitis B in HIV-positive African adults
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Matthews, Philippa, primary, Beloukas, Apostolos, additional, Malik, Amna, additional, Carlson, Jonathan, additional, Jooste, Pieter, additional, Ogwu, Anthony, additional, Shapiro, Roger, additional, Riddell, Lynn, additional, Chen, Fabian, additional, Luzzi, Graz, additional, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, additional, Jesuthasan, Gerald, additional, Jeffery, Katie, additional, Ndung'u, Thumbi, additional, Goulder, Philip, additional, Geretti, Anna Maria, additional, and Klenerman, Paul, additional
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- 2015
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21. Reduced Expression of Siglec-7, NKG2A, and CD57 on Terminally Differentiated CD56−CD16+ Natural Killer Cell Subset Is Associated with Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Chronic HIV-1 Clade C Infection.
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Zulu, Michael Z., Naidoo, Kewreshini K., Mncube, Zenele, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Goulder, Philip J.R., Ndung'u, Thumbi, Altfeld, Marcus, and Thobakgale, Christina F.
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HIV-1 viremia has been shown to induce several phenotypic and functional abnormalities in natural killer (NK) cells. To assess immune defects associated with HIV viremia, we examined NK cell function, differentiation status, and phenotypic alterations based on expression of inhibitory and activating receptors on NK cells in HIV-1 subtype C chronically infected participants from Durban, South Africa. NK cell phenotypic profiles were characterized by assessing sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-7 (Siglec-7), NKG2A, and NKG2C markers on frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells from viremic, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV-1 chronically infected participants ( n = 23), HIV-1 chronically infected participants who had been on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for at least 12 months ( n = 23) compared with healthy donors ( n = 23). NK cell differentiation was assessed by measurement of killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) and NKG2A expression; CD57 and CD107a measurements were carried out in HIV viremic and healthy donors. All phenotypic and functional assessments were analyzed by using multicolor flow cytometry. HIV-1-infected participants displayed greater frequencies of the CD56
− CD16+ (CD56negative) NK cell subset compared with healthy donors ( p < .0001). Downregulation of Siglec-7 and NKG2A and upregulation of NKG2C were more pronounced in the CD56negative NK cell subset of viremic participants. The CD56negative subset demonstrated a differentiated (KIR+ NKG2A− ) phenotype with reduced CD57 expression and lower degranulation capacity in HIV-1-infected participants compared with healthy donors. HIV-1 infection induces the expansion of the CD56negative NK cell subset marked by altered receptor expression profiles that are indicative of impaired function and may explain the overall NK cell dysfunction observed in chronic HIV-1 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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22. High Frequency of Transmitted HIV-1 Gag HLA Class I-Driven Immune Escape Variants but Minimal Immune Selection over the First Year of Clade C Infection
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Gounder, Kamini, primary, Padayachi, Nagavelli, additional, Mann, Jaclyn K., additional, Radebe, Mopo, additional, Mokgoro, Mammekwa, additional, van der Stok, Mary, additional, Mkhize, Lungile, additional, Mncube, Zenele, additional, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, additional, Reddy, Tarylee, additional, Walker, Bruce D., additional, and Ndung’u, Thumbi, additional
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- 2015
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23. Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Siglec-7, NKG2A and NKG2C Expressing NK Cells in Chronic HIV-1 Clade C Infection
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Zulu, Michael Z., primary, Naidoo, Kewreshini, additional, Mncube, Zenele, additional, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, additional, Goulder, Philip, additional, Ndung'u, Thumbi, additional, Altfeld, Marcus, additional, and Thobakgale, Christina, additional
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- 2014
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24. Evaluation of the NucliSens EasyQ v2.0 Assay in Comparison with the Roche Amplicor v1.5 and the Roche CAP/CTM HIV-1 Test v2.0 in Quantification of C-Clade HIV-1 in Plasma
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Muenchhoff, Maximilian, primary, Madurai, Savathee, additional, Hempenstall, Allison Jo, additional, Adland, Emily, additional, Carlqvist, Anna, additional, Moonsamy, Angeline, additional, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, additional, Mlotshwa, Busisiwe, additional, Siboto, Emma, additional, Ndung'u, Thumbi, additional, and Goulder, Philip Jeremy Renshaw, additional
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- 2014
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25. Diagnostic Accuracy of the HemoCue Hb 301, STAT-Site MHgb and URIT-12 Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Meters in a Central Laboratory and a Community Based Clinic in Durban, South Africa.
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Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Naicker, Rumallen, Madurai, Savathree, Brockman, Mark A., Ndung’u, Thumbi, and Gelderblom, Huub C.
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POINT-of-care testing , *HEMOGLOBINS , *COMMUNITY health services , *MEDICAL research , *BIOLOGICAL assay - Abstract
In South Africa, various point-of-care hemoglobin meters are used. However, the regulatory framework for approval, implementation and oversight of use of point-of-care hemoglobin meters is suboptimal. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the HemoCue Hb 301, STAT-Site MHgb and URIT-12 point-of-care hemoglobin meters, compared to a central laboratory based reference assay, in a central laboratory and a community based clinic in Durban, South Africa. Differences in performance of the point-of-care assays, compared to the reference assay, were more pronounced in the community based clinic. Results were reasonable for the HemoCue Hb 301, but poor for the STAT-Site MHgb and the URIT-12. Poor test performance of point-of-care hemoglobin meters, and inadequate evaluations and oversight in South Africa, leads to suboptimal clinical care and clinical research, and increased costs. There is a need for proper evaluation and quality assurance of point-of-care tests, the results of which should be made widely available to key stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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26. Prospective Monitoring Reveals Dynamic Levels of T Cell Immunity to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in HIV Infected Individuals
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Mitchell, Jessica E., primary, Chetty, Shivan, additional, Govender, Pamla, additional, Pillay, Mona, additional, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, additional, Kasmar, Anne, additional, Ndung’u, Thumbi, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Walker, Bruce D., additional, and Kasprowicz, Victoria O., additional
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- 2012
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27. Broad and persistent Gag-specific CD8+ T-cell responses are associated with viral control but rarely drive viral escape during primary HIV-1 infection.
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Radebe, Mopo, Gounder, Kamini, Mokgoro, Mammekwa, Ndhlovu, Zaza M., Mncube, Zenele, Mkhize, Lungile, van der Stok, Mary, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Walker, Bruce D., and Ndung'u, Thumbi
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- 2015
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28. Broad and persistent Gag-specific CD8+T-cell responses are associated with viral control but rarely drive viral escape during primary HIV-1 infection
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Radebe, Mopo, Gounder, Kamini, Mokgoro, Mammekwa, Ndhlovu, Zaza M., Mncube, Zenele, Mkhize, Lungile, van der Stok, Mary, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Walker, Bruce D., and Ndung’u, Thumbi
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Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text
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- 2015
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29. Prospective Monitoring Reveals Dynamic Levels of T Cell Immunity to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in HIV Infected Individuals
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Chetty, Shivan, Govender, Pamla, Pillay, Mona, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Ndung’u, Thumbi, Klenerman, Paul, Mitchell, Jessica E., Kasmar, Anne G., Walker, Bruce David, and Kasprowicz, Victoria Olivia
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Biology ,Immunology ,Immune Cells ,Immune Response ,Immunologic Techniques ,Microbiology ,Virology ,Co-Infections ,Medicine ,Clinical Immunology ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Bacterial Diseases ,Mycobacterium ,Tuberculosis ,Viral Diseases ,HIV ,Infectious Disease Control - Abstract
Monitoring of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may prevent disease. We tested an ESAT-6 and CFP-10-specific IFN-\(\gamma\) Elispot assay (RD1-Elispot) on 163 HIV-infected individuals living in a TB-endemic setting. An RD1-Elispot was performed every 3 months for a period of 3–21 months. 62% of RD1-Elispot negative individuals were positive by cultured Elispot. Fluctuations in T cell response were observed with rates of change ranging from −150 to +153 spot-forming cells (SFC)/200,000 PBMC in a 3-month period. To validate these responses we used an RD1-specific real time quantitative PCR assay for monokine-induced by IFN-\(\gamma\) (MIG) and IFN-\(\gamma\) inducible protein-10 (IP10) (MIG: r = 0.6527, p = 0.0114; IP-10: r = 0.6967, p = 0.0056; IP-10+MIG: r = 0.7055, p = 0.0048). During follow-up 30 individuals were placed on ARVs and 4 progressed to active TB. Fluctuations in SFC did not correlate with CD4 count, viral load, treatment initiation, or progression to active TB. The RD1-Elispot appears to have limited value in this setting.
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- 2012
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30. Afri-Can Forum 2
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Mukudu, Hillary, Martinson, Neil, Sartorius, Benn, Coetzee, Jenny, Dietrich, Janan, Mokgatswana, Kgaugelo, Jewkes, Rachel, Gray, Glenda E, Dugas, Marylène, Béhanzin, Luc, Guédou, Fernand A, Gagnon, Marie-Pierre, Alary, Michel, Rutakumwa, Rwamahe, Mbonye, Martin, Kiwanuka, Thadeus, Nakamanya, Sarah, Muhumuza, Richard, Nalukenge, Winfred, Seeley, Janet, Atujuna, Millicent, Wallace, Melissa, Brown, Ben, Bekker, Linda G, Newman, Peter A, Harryparsad, Rushil, Olivier, Abraham J, Jaspan, Heather B, Wilson, Douglas, Mkhize, Nonhlanhla, Morris, Lynn, Cianci, Gianguido, Dinh, Minh, Hope, Thomas, Passmore, Jo-Ann S, Gray, Clive M, Henrick, Bethany M, Yao, Xiao-Dan, Rosenthal, Kenneth L, Drannik, Anna G, Abimiku, Alash’le, Chanzu, Nadia, Mwanda, Walter, Oyugi, Julius, Anzala, Omu, Mbow, Moustapha, Jallow, Sabelle, Thiam, Moussa, Davis, Alberta, Diouf, Assane, Ndour, Cheikh T, Seydi, Moussa, Dieye, Tandakha N, Mboup, Souleymane, Goodier, Martin, Rilley, Eleanor, Jaye, Assan, Omange, RW., Lester, Richard T, Kimani, Joshua, Ball, T. B, Plummer, Francis A, Geraldo, Nassirou, Mastétsé, Ella G, Sossa, Jerôme C, Zannou, Marcel D, Osawe, Sophia, Okpokoro, Evaezi, Okolo, Felicia, Umaru, Stephen, Abimiku, Rebecca, Audu, Sam, Datong, Pam, Nyange, Jacquelyn, Olenja, Joyce, Mutua, Gaudensia, Jaoko, Walter, Omosa-Manyonyi, Gloria, Farah, Bashir, Khaniri, Maureen, Cockcroft, Anne, Tonkin, Kendra, Girish, Indu, Mhati, Puna, Cunningham, Ashley, Andersson, Neil, Indangasi, Jackton, Diphoko, Thabo, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, Maiswe, Victoria, Iketleng, Thato, Maruapula, Dorcas, Bedi, Keabetswe, Moyo, Sikhulile, Musonda, Rosemary, Wainberg, Mark, Makhema, Joseph, Novitsky, Vladimir, Marlink, Richard, Essex, Max, Okoboi, Stephen, Ssali, Livingstone, Kalibala, Sam, Birungi, Josephine, Egessa, Aggrey, Wangisi, Jonathan, Okullu, Lyavala J, Bakanda, Celestin, Obare, Francis, Boer, I. M S, Semvua, Hadija H, Van Den Boogaard, Jossy, Kiwango, Krisanta W, Ngowi, Kennedy M, Nieuwkerk, Pythia T, Aarnoutse, Rob E, Kiwelu, Ireen, Muro, Eva, Kibiki, Gibson S, Datiri, Ruth, Choji, Grace, Audu, Samuel, Fomsgaard, A., Karlsson, I., Jensen, K. J, Jensen, S. S, Leo-Hansen, C., Jespersen, S., Da Silva Té, D., Rodrigues, C. M, Da Silva, Z. J, Janitzek, C. M, Gerstoft, J., Kronborg, G., Daitiri, Ruth, Emily, Nyariki, Joyce, Olenja, Robert, Lorway R, Anzala, Anzala, Viljoen, Katie, Wendoh, Jerome, Kidzeru, Elvis, Karaoz, Ulas, Brodie, Eoin, Botha, Gerrit, Mulder, Nicola, Gray, Clive, Cameron, William, Stintzi, Alain, Jaspan, Heather, Levett, Paul N, Alexander, David, Gulzar, Naveed, Grewal, Prabvir S, Poon, Art F Y, Brumme, Zabrina, Harrigan, P. R, Brooks, James I, Sandstrom, Paul A, Calvez, Stryker, Sanche, Stephen E, Scott, Jamie K, Swartz, Leslie, Kagee, Ashraf, Lesch, Anthea, Kafaar, Zuhayr, De Wet, Anneliese, Smith, Tricia, Cotton, Laura, Hornschuh, Stefanie, Van Der Watt, Martin, Miller, Cari L, Gray, Glenda, Smit, Jenni, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Ndung’u, Thumbi, Brockman, Mark, Kaida, Angela, Akolo, Maureen, Gelmon, Larry, Chitwa, Michael, Osero, Justus, Marokoane, Nobantu, Kgakole, Leagajang, Maswabi, Boikhutso, Mpofu, Neo, Ansari, Umaira, Nakinobe, Elizabeth, Miiro, George M, Zalwango, Flavia, Nakiyingi-Miiro, Jessica, Kaleebu, Potiano, Semwanga, John R, Nyanzi, Emily, Musoke, Saidat N, Miiro, George, Mbidde, Edward K, Lutalo, Tom, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Handema, Ray, Chianzu, Graham P, Diagne-Gueye, Diabou, Ndiaye, Mame K, Ndiaye, Birahim P, Traore, Ibrahima, Dia, Mamadou C, Thomas, Gilleh, Tour-Kane, Coumba, Mpendo, Juliet, Muyindike, Winnie, Kambugu, Andrew, Sebastian, Hachizovu, Ray, Handema, Mike, Chaponda, Bertin, Kabuya J, Modest, Mulenga, Janha, Omar, Amambua-Ngwa, Alfred, Nwakanma, Davis C, Jespersen, Sanne, Hønge, Bo L, Esbjörnsson, Joakim, Medina, Candida, Da Silva TÉ, David, Correira, Faustino G, Laursen, Alex L, Østergaard, Lars, Andersen, Andreas, Aaby, Peter, Erikstrup, Christian, Wejse, Christian, Dieye, Siry, Sarr, Moussa, Sy, Haby, Mbodj, Helene D, Ndiaye, Marianne, Ndiaye, Amy, Moussa, Seydi, Nyombi, Balthazar M, Shao, Elichilia R, Chilumba, Innocent B, Inyang, Bucky, Izang, Abel, Cole, Chundung, Cameron, Bill, Rosenthal, Kenneth, Seraise, Boitumelo, and Andrea-Marobela, Kerstin
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Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Table of contents A1 Introduction to the 2nd synchronicity forum of GHRI/CHVI-funded Canadian and African HIV prevention and vaccine teams O1 Voluntary medical male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV in adult males in Soweto: What do indicators and incidence rate show? Hillary Mukudu, Neil Martinson, Benn Sartorius O2 Developing a peer-led community mobilization program for sex workers in Soweto: HIV risk and demographics Jenny Coetzee, Janan Dietrich, Kgaugelo Mokgatswana, Rachel Jewkes, Glenda E. Gray O3 Salient beliefs about adherence: A qualitative survey conducted as part of the demonstration study on "treatment as prevention" (TasP) and "pre-exposure prophylaxis" (PrEP) among female sex workers (FSWS) in Cotonou, Benin Marylène Dugas, Luc Béhanzin, Fernand A. Guédou, Marie-Pierre Gagnon, Michel Alary O4 Relative perception of risk as a driver of unsafe sexual practices among key populations: Cases of fisherfolk and women and their partners involved in multiple sexual partnerships in Uganda Rwamahe Rutakumwa, Martin Mbonye, Thadeus Kiwanuka, Sarah Nakamanya, Richard Muhumuza, Winfred Nalukenge, Janet Seeley O5 Exploring the acceptability of new biomedical HIV prevention technologies among MSM, adolescents and heterosexual adults in South Africa Millicent Atujuna, Melissa Wallace, Ben Brown, Linda Gail Bekker, Peter A. Newman O6 HIV-susceptible target cells in foreskins after voluntary medical male circumcision in South Africa Rushil Harryparsad, Abraham J. Olivier, Heather B. Jaspan, Douglas Wilson, Janan Dietrich, Neil Martinson, Hillary Mukudu, Nonhlanhla Mkhize, Lynn Morris, Gianguido Cianci, Minh Dinh, Thomas Hope, Jo-Ann S. Passmore, Clive M. Gray O7 HIV-1 proteins activate innate immune responses via TLR2 heterodimers Bethany M. Henrick, Xiao-Dan Yao, Kenneth L. Rosenthal, the INFANT Study Team O8 Characterization of an innate factor in human milk and mechanisms of action against HIV-1 Bethany M. Henrick, Xiao-Dan Yao, Anna G. Drannik, Alash’le Abimiku, Kenneth L. Rosenthal, the INFANT Study Team O9 Secretor status and susceptibility to HIV infections among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya Nadia Chanzu, Walter Mwanda, Julius Oyugi, Omu Anzala O10 Natural Killer cell recall responsiveness to Gag-HIV-1 peptides of HIV-1 exposed but uninfected subjects are associated with peripheral CXCR6+ NK cell subsets Moustapha Mbow, Sabelle Jallow, Moussa Thiam, Alberta Davis, Assane Diouf, Cheikh T. Ndour, Moussa Seydi, Tandakha N. Dieye, Souleymane Mboup, Martin Goodier, Eleanor Rilley, Assan Jaye O11 Profiles of resistance: Local innate mucosal immunity to HIV-1 in commercial sex workers Xiao-Dan Yao, RW. Omange, Bethany M. Henrick, Richard T. Lester, Joshua Kimani, T. Blake Ball, Francis A. Plummer, Kenneth L. Rosenthal O12 Early antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among female sex workers in Cotonou, Benin: A demonstration project Luc Béhanzin, Fernand A. Guédou, Nassirou Geraldo, Ella Goma Mastétsé, Jerôme Charles Sossa, Marcel Djimon Zannou, Michel Alary O13 Building capacity for HIV prevention trials: Preliminary data from a Nigerian cohort of HIV exposed sero-negatives (HESN) Sophia Osawe, Evaezi Okpokoro, Felicia Okolo, Stephen Umaru, Rebecca Abimiku, Sam Audu, Pam Datong, Alash’le Abimiku O14 Equipping healthcare professionals with skills required for the conduct of clinical trials in an effort to build capacity. Lessons learned Jacquelyn Nyange, Joyce Olenja, Gaudensia Mutua, Walter Jaoko, Gloria Omosa-Manyonyi, Bashir Farah, Maureen Khaniri, Omu Anzala O15 Educational technology to support active learning for HIV researchers and planners Anne Cockcroft, Kendra Tonkin, Indu Girish, Puna Mhati, Ashley Cunningham, Neil Andersson O16 From Lake Kivu (Rwanda) and Lake Malawi (Tanzania) to the shores of Lake Victoria (Uganda): Strengthening laboratory capacity through Good Clinical Laboratory Practice training Bashir Farah, Jackton Indangasi, Walter Jaoko, Gaudensia Mutua, Maureen Khaniri, Jacquelyn Nyange, Omu Anzala O17 Rilpivirine and etravirine resistance mutations in HIV-1 subtype C infected patients on a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based combination antiretroviral therapy in Botswana Thabo Diphoko, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Victoria Maiswe, Thato Iketleng, Dorcas Maruapula, Keabetswe Bedi, Sikhulile Moyo, Rosemary Musonda, Mark Wainberg, Joseph Makhema, Vladimir Novitsky, Richard Marlink, Max Essex O18 From home-based HIV testing to initiation of treatment: The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) Experience with Home-based HIV Counselling and Testing (HBHCT) among Adolescents in Uganda, 2005-2011 Stephen Okoboi, Livingstone Ssali, Sam Kalibala, Josephine Birungi, Aggrey Egessa, Jonathan Wangisi, Lyavala Joanne Okullu, Celestin Bakanda, Francis Obare41 O19 Feasibility study on using real time medication monitoring among HIV infected and Tuberculosis patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania I. Marion Sumari-de Boer, Hadija H. Semvua, Jossy van den Boogaard, Krisanta W. Kiwango, Kennedy M. Ngowi, Pythia T. Nieuwkerk, Rob E. Aarnoutse, Ireen Kiwelu, Eva Muro, Gibson S. Kibiki O20 Deaths still among sero-discordant cohort in Nigeria despite Access to treatment Ruth Datiri, Grace Choji, Sophia Osawe, Evaezi Okpokoro, Felicia Okolo, Stephen Umaru, Rebecca Abimiku, Samuel Audu, Pam Datong, Alash’le Abimiku O21 Therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine trials in Denmark and Guinea-Bissau Fomsgaard A, Karlsson I, Jensen KJ, Jensen SS, Leo-Hansen C, Jespersen S, Da Silva Té D, Rodrigues CM, da Silva ZJ, Janitzek CM, Gerstoft J, Kronborg G, the WAPHIR Group O22 Willingness to participate in a HIV vaccine Trial among HIV exposed sero-negative (HESN) persons in Jos, Nigeria Evaezi Okpokoro, Sophia Osawe, Ruth Daitiri, Grace Choji, Stephen Umaru, Felicia Okolo, Pam Datong, Alash'le Abimiku O23 Clinical research volunteers’ perceptions and experiences of screening for enrolment at KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, Kenya Nyariki Emily, Olenja Joyce, Lorway R. Robert, Anzala Anzala O24 Gut microbiome, HIV-exposure, and vaccine responses in South African infants Katie Viljoen, Jerome Wendoh, Elvis Kidzeru, Ulas Karaoz, Eoin Brodie, Gerrit Botha, Nicola Mulder, Clive Gray, William Cameron, Alain Stintzi, Heather Jaspan, for the INFANT study team O25 Analysis of HIV pol diversity in the concentrated HIV epidemic in Saskatchewan Paul N. Levett, David Alexander, Naveed Gulzar, Prabvir S. Grewal, Art F. Y. Poon, Zabrina Brumme, P. Richard Harrigan, James I. Brooks, Paul A. Sandstrom, Stryker Calvez, Stephen E. Sanche, Jamie K. Scott P1 Evaluating a HIV vaccine research community engagement programme at two HIV prevention research centres in the Western Cape Leslie Swartz, Ashraf Kagee, Anthea Lesch, Zuhayr Kafaar, Anneliese De Wet P2 Validating HIV acquisition risk score using a cohort HIV exposed sero-negative persons in a discordant relationship in Jos, Nigeria, West Africa Evaezi Okpokoro, Sophia Osawe, Ruth Daitiri, Grace Choji, Stephen Umaru, Felicia Okolo, Pam Datong, Alash'le Abimiku P3 Bridging the gap between adults and adolescents and youth adults (AYA) – Employing a youth-centred approach to investigate HIV risk among AYA in Soweto and Durban, South Africa Janan Dietrich, Tricia Smith, Laura Cotton, Stefanie Hornschuh, Martin van der Watt, Cari L. Miller, Glenda Gray, Jenni Smit, Manjeetha Jaggernath, Thumbi Ndung’u, Mark Brockman, Angela Kaida, on behalf of the AYAZAZI study teams P4 Neighbours to sex workers: A key population that has been ignored Maureen Akolo, Joshua Kimani, Prof Larry Gelmon, Michael Chitwa, Justus Osero P5 Young women’s access to structural support programmes in a district of Botswana Anne Cockcroft, Nobantu Marokoane, Leagajang Kgakole, Boikhutso Maswabi, Neo Mpofu, Umaira Ansari, Neil Andersson P6 Voices for action from peri-urban Ugandan students, teachers and parents on HIV/STI prevention: Qualitative research results Nakinobe Elizabeth, Miiro George Mukalazi, Zalwango Flavia, Nakiyingi-Miiro Jessica, Kaleebu Potiano P7 Engaging Social Media as an education tool on the fly: The use of Facebook for HIV and Ebola prevention and awareness amongst adolescents in Uganda John Ross Semwanga, Emily Nyanzi, Saidat Namuli Musoke, Elizabeth Nakinobe, George Miiro, Edward Katongole Mbidde, Tom Lutalo, Pontiano Kaleebu P8 Circulating HIV-1 subtypes among sexual minority populations in Zambia Ray Handema, Graham P. Chianzu P9 The Development of HIV Bio-bank resource management to support clinical trial and Intervention research: WAPHIR experience Moussa Thiam, Diabou Diagne-Gueye, Mame K. Ndiaye, Moustapha Mbow, Birahim P. Ndiaye, Ibrahima Traore, Mamadou C. Dia, Gilleh Thomas, Coumba Tour-Kane, Souleymane Mboup, Assan Jaye P10 Capacity building for clinical trials as a novel approach for scaling up HIV prevention research initiatives in East Africa: achievements and challenges Emily Nyanzi, Edward Katongole Mbidde, Pontiano Kaleebu, Juliet Mpendo, Joshua Kimani, Josephine Birungi, Winnie Muyindike, Andrew Kambugu P11 Community and media perspective of research; an advocacy workshop on HIV prevention research Hachizovu Sebastian, Handema Ray, Chaponda Mike, Kabuya Jean Bertin, Mulenga Modest P12 Development of a quantitative HIV-1 and HIV-2 real time PCR (qRT-PCR) viral load assay Moussa Thiam, Omar Janha, Alberta Davis, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa, Davis C. Nwakanma, Souleymane Mboup, Assan Jaye P13 Differential effects of sex in a West African Cohort of HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-1/2 dual infected patients: Men are worse off Sanne Jespersen, Bo Langhoff Hønge, Joakim Esbjörnsson, Candida Medina, David Da Silva TÉ, Faustino Gomes Correira, Alex Lund Laursen, Lars Østergaard, Andreas Andersen, Peter Aaby, Christian Erikstrup, Christian Wejse, for the Bissau HIV Cohort study group P14 HIV-infected adolescents in transition from pediatric to adult HIV care in Dakar, Senegal: sample characteristics and immunological and virological profiles Siry Dieye, Moussa Sarr, Haby Sy, Helene D Mbodj, Marianne Ndiaye, Amy Ndiaye, Seydi Moussa, Assan Jaye, Souleymane Mboup100 P15 Molecular characterization of vertically transmitted HIV-1 among children born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers in Northern Tanzania Balthazar M. Nyombi, Elichilia R. Shao, Innocent B. Chilumba, Sikhulile Moyo, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Rosemary Musonda P16 Breast-fed HIV-1 exposed infants play catch up. A preliminary report Pam Datong, Bucky Inyang, Sophia Osawe, Abel Izang, Chundung Cole, Felicia Okolo, Bill Cameron, Kenneth Rosenthal, Clive Gray, Heather Jaspan, Alash’le Abimiku, the INFANT study team P17 The frequency of N348I mutation in patient failing combination antiretroviral treatment In Botswana Boitumelo Seraise, Kerstin Andrea-Marobela, Sikhulile Moyo, Rosemary Musonda, Joseph Makhema, Max Essex, Simani Gaseitsiwe
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31. Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Siglec-7, NKG2A and NKG2C Expressing NK Cells in Chronic HIV-1 Clade C Infection.
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Naidoo, Kewreshini, Mncube, Zenele, Jaggernath, Manjeetha, Goulder, Philip, Ndung'u, Thumbi, Altfeld, Marcus, and Thobakgale, Christina
- Abstract
An abstract of the article "Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Siglec-7, NKG2A and NKG2C Expressing NK Cells in Chronic HIV-1 Clade C Infection" by Michael Z. Zulu and colleagues is presented.
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- 2014
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32. Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir or Daily F/TAF for HIV Prevention in Cisgender Women.
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Bekker LG, Das M, Abdool Karim Q, Ahmed K, Batting J, Brumskine W, Gill K, Harkoo I, Jaggernath M, Kigozi G, Kiwanuka N, Kotze P, Lebina L, Louw CE, Malahleha M, Manentsa M, Mansoor LE, Moodley D, Naicker V, Naidoo L, Naidoo M, Nair G, Ndlovu N, Palanee-Phillips T, Panchia R, Pillay S, Potloane D, Selepe P, Singh N, Singh Y, Spooner E, Ward AM, Zwane Z, Ebrahimi R, Zhao Y, Kintu A, Deaton C, Carter CC, Baeten JM, and Matovu Kiweewa F
- Abstract
Background: There are gaps in uptake of, adherence to, and persistence in the use of preexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among cisgender women., Methods: We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial involving adolescent girls and young women in South Africa and Uganda. Participants were assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous lenacapavir every 26 weeks, daily oral emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), or daily oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF; active control); all participants also received the alternate subcutaneous or oral placebo. We assessed the efficacy of lenacapavir and F/TAF by comparing the incidence of HIV infection with the estimated background incidence in the screened population and evaluated relative efficacy as compared with F/TDF., Results: Among 5338 participants who were initially HIV-negative, 55 incident HIV infections were observed: 0 infections among 2134 participants in the lenacapavir group (0 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.00 to 0.19), 39 infections among 2136 participants in the F/TAF group (2.02 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 1.44 to 2.76), and 16 infections among 1068 participants in the F/TDF group (1.69 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 0.96 to 2.74). Background HIV incidence in the screened population (8094 participants) was 2.41 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 1.82 to 3.19). HIV incidence with lenacapavir was significantly lower than background HIV incidence (incidence rate ratio, 0.00; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.04; P<0.001) and than HIV incidence with F/TDF (incidence rate ratio, 0.00; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.10; P<0.001). HIV incidence with F/TAF did not differ significantly from background HIV incidence (incidence rate ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.28; P = 0.21), and no evidence of a meaningful difference in HIV incidence was observed between F/TAF and F/TDF (incidence rate ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.67 to 2.14). Adherence to F/TAF and F/TDF was low. No safety concerns were found. Injection-site reactions were more common in the lenacapavir group (68.8%) than in the placebo injection group (F/TAF and F/TDF combined) (34.9%); 4 participants in the lenacapavir group (0.2%) discontinued the trial regimen owing to injection-site reactions., Conclusions: No participants receiving twice-yearly lenacapavir acquired HIV infection. HIV incidence with lenacapavir was significantly lower than background HIV incidence and HIV incidence with F/TDF. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; PURPOSE 1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04994509.)., (Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.)
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- 2024
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33. Reduced Expression of Siglec-7, NKG2A, and CD57 on Terminally Differentiated CD56 - CD16 + Natural Killer Cell Subset Is Associated with Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Chronic HIV-1 Clade C Infection.
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Zulu MZ, Naidoo KK, Mncube Z, Jaggernath M, Goulder PJR, Ndung'u T, Altfeld M, and Thobakgale CF
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- Adolescent, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Down-Regulation immunology, Female, Flow Cytometry, HIV-1, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural pathology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, South Africa, Up-Regulation immunology, Viremia pathology, Viremia virology, Young Adult, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic biosynthesis, CD57 Antigens biosynthesis, HIV Infections pathology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Lectins biosynthesis, Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1 biosynthesis, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C biosynthesis
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HIV-1 viremia has been shown to induce several phenotypic and functional abnormalities in natural killer (NK) cells. To assess immune defects associated with HIV viremia, we examined NK cell function, differentiation status, and phenotypic alterations based on expression of inhibitory and activating receptors on NK cells in HIV-1 subtype C chronically infected participants from Durban, South Africa. NK cell phenotypic profiles were characterized by assessing sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-7 (Siglec-7), NKG2A, and NKG2C markers on frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells from viremic, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV-1 chronically infected participants (n = 23), HIV-1 chronically infected participants who had been on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for at least 12 months (n = 23) compared with healthy donors (n = 23). NK cell differentiation was assessed by measurement of killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) and NKG2A expression; CD57 and CD107a measurements were carried out in HIV viremic and healthy donors. All phenotypic and functional assessments were analyzed by using multicolor flow cytometry. HIV-1-infected participants displayed greater frequencies of the CD56
- CD16+ (CD56negative) NK cell subset compared with healthy donors (p < .0001). Downregulation of Siglec-7 and NKG2A and upregulation of NKG2C were more pronounced in the CD56negative NK cell subset of viremic participants. The CD56negative subset demonstrated a differentiated (KIR+ NKG2A- ) phenotype with reduced CD57 expression and lower degranulation capacity in HIV-1-infected participants compared with healthy donors. HIV-1 infection induces the expansion of the CD56negative NK cell subset marked by altered receptor expression profiles that are indicative of impaired function and may explain the overall NK cell dysfunction observed in chronic HIV-1 infection.- Published
- 2017
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