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Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are advancing towards the reception of the Industry Revolution (IR4.0), where the digital economy is part of its elements. The critical concern is the absence of innovative abilities just like the intelligence of the SMEs, which prompts confusion and lack of understanding on how the reception of such advancements could upgrade organisations' activities and advantage SMEs in the end. The impact of digitalisation on the economy worldwide has been tremendous and unbalanced. This paper discusses methodologies, not whether SMEs should acknowledge digitalisation but how digital economies can enhance their practicality while immediately resolving the issues. It outlines the digital economy in its current stage, overviews the high-level scene in Malaysia and draws out key game plan ideas for SMEs to take on digitalisation as a fundamental piece of their business continuity structure. It is an attempt to see the importance of the digital economy, which is still without conviction characterised by confirming the digital economy's impacts that benefit SMEs and investigating how the digital economy might have tackled the performing multiple tasks vortex, notwithstanding the absence of financial resources. Based on past research and analysis of several publications, this paper will permit a more insightful understanding of the significance of Malaysian SMEs to be modernised through an organised deployment of the economic digitalisation exercises that ensure business sustainability and endure the unpredictability of pandemic consequences.

Green energy is becoming an important aspect of every country in the world toward energy security by reducing dependence on fossil fuel import and enhancing better life quality by living in the healthy environment. This conceptual paper is an approach toward determining physical flow’s characteristic of waste wood biomass in high scale plantation toward producing gas fuel for electricity using gasification technique. The scope of this study is supply chain management of syngas fuel from wood waste biomass using direct gasification conversion technology. Literature review on energy security, Malaysia’s energy mix, Biomass SCM and technology. This paper uses the theoretical framework of a model of transportation (Lumsden, 2006) and the function of the terminal (Hulten, 1997) for research purpose. To incorporate biomass unique properties, Biomass Element Life Cycle Analysis (BELCA) which is a novel technique develop to understand the behaviour of biomass supply. Theoretical framework used to answer the research questions are Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) framework and Sustainable strategy development in supply chain management framework

Equipment breakdown due to unavailability of spare parts is really disastrous in plant maintenance. The failure increase the cost of repair and production downtime. Therefore, it is important to understand the maintenance and inventory function in order to ensure the plant operate accordingly. Moreover, it is necessary for the plant maintenance to balance the issue of shortage and excess of inventory in plant maintenance. In view of this situation, the spare parts become a critical matters and it is good starting point to tackle the issues from looking at the perspective of spare parts inventory risk. This paper describes the development of risk technique for plant maintenance decision making purposes using the Shortage and Excess Impact Table. It also used the Breakdown Probability Table to quantify the risk for the spare part failure.

One of issue regarding of renewable energy supply chain is source sustainability and reliability to ensure continuous production. The aim of this paper is to suggest the oil palm fibre waste to biogas electricity production framework: mill operation perspective that suit to be practices based on evaluation of current practise of oil palm solid waste and Malaysia’s palm oil industry. The framework is based on palm oil mill operation to utilise annually solid waste generate as biomass source for stable biogas electricity production. This conceptual paper is the principal efforts that introduce the usage of storage system for biomass feed input to ensure sustainable stable electricity production from palm oil mill by manipulate their solid waste production. Prospective researchers are put forward to conduct further research to enhance biogas production as alternative for waste treatment strategy.

The equipment breakdown due to unavailability of spare parts has incurred challenges for the manufacturing industry in managing the inventory. Consequently, the problem of spare parts unavailability has lead the organization towards unproductive and eventually impact the financial performance. Therefore, maintaining good system has direct connection with spare parts availability. The inventory planner always strive hard to ensure that the spare parts are always available for the maintenance used. Nevertheless, maintaining high inventories of spare parts often conflict from meeting the needs of equipment reliability for the manufacturing plant. In view of this situation, management of spare parts become critical in ensuring the equipment reliability. This paper describes an innovative risk quantification technique using Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) for the spare parts inventory control. The technique modified the BDD concept by translating the failure history into binary decision. From the binary process, the data will be converted into spare parts probability table and failure impact is analyzed. These two functions of risk, will be calculated in order gain the risk in monetary value.

Systems are secure if its have lower risks of system interruption. However, to determine the optimum level of security is an area where requires more research. In principle, the optimum level of security that a system provides is determined by the interaction between the cost of providing extra security and the value to consumers. The risks in energy system have to be quantified in order to identify the level of security. To make comparison between the cost of providing energy security and level of security, the quantified risks have to be in the same common variable as the costs. Then, an optimum level of security and cost can be estimated using appropriate methods. As no such attempts have been tried to compare the risks and the cost in the same platform, it is difficult to determine the optimum security point between the risks and cost of providing that security. The objective of this paper is to present the development of Supply Shortage Impact for risk quantification in coal procurements for power generation. This method in combination with Non-delivery Probability Table will provide risk in common variable as the cost for presenting valuable information on security and cost of providing it.

Determining the optimum level of security is an area where more research is required. In principle, the optimum level of security that a system provides is determined by the interaction between cost of providing extra security and value to consumers. Risks in energy system have to be quantified in order to identify the level of security. To make comparison between cost of providing energy security and level of security, the quantified risks have to be in similar common variable as the costs. Then, an optimum level of security and cost can be estimated using appropriate methods. The objective of this paper is to present the development of Non-delivery Probability Table (NdPT) for use in coal procurements in energy system. This table will provide the probabilities of non-delivery for every supplier involved in supplying fuel for the system. These probabilities then can be used to quantify the risks in energy systems.