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Statement of the Problem: Due to the unfavorable properties of eugenol, the eugenol content can be reduced to improve the properties of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) by making a new combination of nanocurcumin called curcumin pulpal paste (CPP). Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the solubility and tooth discoloration of three concentrations of CPP compared to ZOE, and Metapex. Materials and Method: In this in vitro study for evaluating of the solubility, five groups including ZOE, Metapex, and three concentrations of CPP (5%, 10%, and 20%) were tested. For evaluating the solubility, the changes in of the weight of samples were measured at 1, 3, 7 and 30 days after initial setting. In order to evaluate the tooth discoloration, 75 bovine maxillary anterior teeth were filled with one of five pulpal pastes. The changes in tooth color were evaluated at 1 hour, 1 week, 1 and 3 months after material placement. Results: The solubility increased by increasing the nano-curcumin percentage in CPPs. After 30 days, the solubility of the 5%CPP, and ZOE was not significantly different (p= 1.000). According to the colorimetric test, after 3 months, the highest discoloration was recorded for 20% CPP (8.45), and the smallest discoloration was registered for Metapex (4.06). The discoloration of 5% CPP, and 10% CPP was similar to ZOE’s color change (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the solubility of pulpal paste has increased with increasing curcumin concentrations. Therefore, pulpal paste with different nanocurcumin concentrations can be used considering the patient's age and the desired time of deciduous tooth loss, and dissolution of pulpal paste. Concerning the discoloration after 3 months, Metapex was the best material and the most discoloration rate was related to 20% CPP, and there was no difference between the 5% CPP, and 10% CPP with ZOE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Missed canals pose a potential risk in the treatment of teeth with anatomical variations, even when multi-angled radiographs have been used. Incomplete mechanical and chemical debridement of the root canal system can lead to treatment failure. Therefore, clinicians must have adequate knowledge of normal root canal systems as well as any possible variations in order to prevent any failure during or after the treatment of teeth with anatomical variations. Any case report of such rare variations would add to this critically required body of knowledge. The current case report presents the diagnosis and endodontic treatment of a maxillary first premolar with one root and three canals (one palatal and two buccal canals, all buccolingually positioned, bifurcating in the apical region), which was different from premolars with 3 canals reported up to now. This configuration describes an unusual root canal system for the maxillary first premolar and does not fit into any of the well-known root canal classification systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In medicine, cryotherapy is used to destroy tissue of both benign and malignant lesions by the freezing and rethawing process. In dentistry, cold application has been frequently employed for postoperative pain control following intraoral surgical procedures. The purpose of this paper is to review the applications of cryotherapy in endodontics including its effects on post-endodontic pain, effectiveness against endodontic infections, hazardous effects on dentin and efficacy on cutting efficiency of Ni-Ti rotary instruments, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of apexogenesis with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in traumatised anterior and carious posterior teeth over 5 years. A comprehensive chart review was performed to obtain a retrospective of sequential previously completed cases with recalls. Clinical and radiographic data were collected for 97 vital immature teeth (40 traumatised anterior and 57 carious posterior teeth) pulpotomised (partial or full pulpotomy) using MTA with an average follow‐up time of 5 years. Chi‐squared test and Fisher's exact test were implemented to analyse data. The success rate in anterior teeth and posterior teeth was 82.5% and 96.4% respectively. Crown discolouration was observed in 25 (62.5%) anterior teeth. There was a significant difference between the number of successful and unsuccessful cases (P < 0.05) and there was no correlation between type of treatment and success/failure (P > 0.05). The success rate of apexogenesis using MTA in immature teeth was relatively high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]