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Background: Despite significant progress in supportive care and advancements in chemotherapy treatments, cancer remains a leading cause of mortality in children. The objective of this study was to assess the potential correlation between various risk factors and the consequences of patients with pediatric cancer who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: The present investigation is a retrospective cohort study that examined children with cancer who were between the ages of 1 month and 17 years and had been admitted to the PICU. Demographic and clinical information of all patients, including such as the age, type of cancer, sex, BMI, history of specific disease, PICU admission time, disease condition on PICU admission, patient’s status at PICU admission, and number of organ failures, were extracted from each patient file Results: The number of pediatric oncology patients admitted to the PICU was 127. The highest mortality rate was observed among children with heart problems (75%), followed by CNS involvement (54.2%) and sepsis (42.9%). The study found that various factors had a significant effect on the outcomes of patients who were admitted to the PICU, including but not limited to the primary type of malignancy, disease status, indications for hospital admission, patient’s condition, inpatients’ length of stay (LOS), tumor type, and the extent of organ failure at the time of admission to the PICU. Conclusion: Despite recent advancements in healthcare, the prognosis of patients admitted to the PICU in underdeveloped areas remains suboptimal in comparison to those in developed regions. Poor outcomes were found to be significantly associated with various factors, including the primary type of malignancy, disease status, the reason for admission to the PICU, patient’s condition, LOS, tumor type, and the extent of organ failure, especially in cases involving hematological malignancies.

High blood pressure, or hypertension (HTN), is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and various chronic conditions. Recent research suggests that nutraceuticals can enhance the effectiveness of conventional pharmacological therapies. As a result, there is increasing interest in using therapeutic diets and diverse compounds to complement these treatments. Depression is a globally prevalent and debilitating disorder. Anxiety, on the other hand, is a state of heightened emotion that involves both psychological and physical changes, even without a clear cause. In addition to standard therapies, alternative approaches, including adjunctive therapies, are being explored. HTN and anxiety are closely linked conditions. Anxiety can temporarily increase blood pressure due to the body’s natural “fight or flight” response. However, if anxiety persists, it can lead to chronic HTN. Conversely, HTN can also increase the risk of anxiety by causing physical symptoms that can trigger anxiety. Moreover, medications commonly prescribed for HTN may have side effects that worsen anxiety symptoms. It is crucial to identify and offer affordable treatments and prevention methods for both conditions. Recently, there has been discussion about the use of probiotic supplements as an alternative treatment for reducing blood pressure and anxiety. These supplements contain active microorganisms that can provide benefits to the body when consumed in sufficient quantities. Numerous studies have explored the potential benefits of probiotics for individuals with HTN. Similarly, several studies have investigated the impact of probiotics on anxiety. However, the relationship between anxiety, HTN, and the effects of probiotics on these disorders is still a topic of debate. Given the conflicting evidence and the interplay between anxiety and blood pressure, we have chosen to create a comprehensive review article that thoroughly examines and provides a detailed description of the potential mechanisms involved in this connection.

‎In emergency situations‎, ‎accurate demand forecasting for relief materials such as food‎, ‎water‎, ‎and medicine is crucial for effective disaster response‎. ‎This research is presented a novel algorithm to demand forecasting for relief materials using extended Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) with the best-worst method (BWM) and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs)‎. ‎The proposed algorithm involves training an HMM on historical data to obtain a set of state sequences representing the temporal fluctuations in demand for different relief materials‎. ‎When a new disaster occurs‎, ‎the algorithm first determines the current state sequence using the available data and searches the case library for past disasters with similar state sequences‎. ‎The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through experiments on real-world disaster data of Iran‎. ‎Based on the results‎, ‎the forecasting error index for four relief materials is less than 10\%; therefore‎, ‎the proposed CBR-BWM-HMM is a strong and robust algorithm‎.

BackgroundPremenstrual syndrome disorder (PMS) is a condition that affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and encompasses a variety of symptoms, including psychological, physical, and behavioral symptoms. Some evidence suggests that an increase in body mass index (BMI) can reduce both HRQoL and menstrual quality. This is because the body fat tissue can affect menstrual cycles by changing the estrogen/progesterone ratio. This study investigated the impact of two diets alternate-day modified fasting (ADMF) and daily calorie restriction (DCR) – on PMS syndrome and HRQoL.MethodsThe study was a randomized controlled, open-label trial that lasted for 8 weeks and involved 60 obese/overweight women. Participants were recruited from the Health Service Centers of Kashan University of Medical Sciences using simple random sampling. The study compared the impact of the ADMF and DCR diets on HRQoL and PMS symptoms. Patients were classified based on their BMI and age and then allocated to either the intervention (ADMF) or control (DCR) group using a random numbers table. The study measured HRQoL, PMS severity, weight, BMI, body fat mass, waist circumference, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass before and after the study. The study had an almost 18% dropout rate.ResultsSignificant improvements were observed in mood lability (p = 0.044) and expressed anger (p

microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing is enacted through the recruitment of effector proteins that direct translational repression or degradation of mRNA targets, but the relative importance of their activities for animal development remains unknown. Our concerted proteomic surveys identified the uncharacterized GYF-domain encoding protein GYF-1 and its direct interaction with IFE-4, the ortholog of the mammalian translation repressor 4EHP, as key miRNA effector proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans. Recruitment of GYF-1 protein to mRNA reporters in vitro or in vivo leads to potent translation repression without affecting the poly(A) tail or impinging on mRNA stability. Loss of gyf-1 is synthetic lethal with hypomorphic alleles of embryonic miR-35-42 and larval (L4) let-7 miRNAs, which is phenocopied through engineered mutations in gyf-1 that abolish interaction with IFE-4. GYF-1/4EHP function is cascade-specific, as loss of gyf-1 had no noticeable impact on the functions of other miRNAs, including lin-4 and lsy-6. Overall, our findings reveal the first direct effector of miRNA-mediated translational repression in C. elegans and its physiological importance for the function of several, but likely not all miRNAs.

Mucositis is one of the major side effects of anti-cancer therapies. Mucositis may lead to other abnormalities such as depression, infection, and pain, especially in young patients. Although there is no specific treatment for mucositis, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological options are available to prevent its complications. Probiotics have been recently considered as a preferable protocol to lessen the complications of chemotherapy, including mucositis. Probiotics could affect mucositis by anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial mechanisms as well as augmenting the overall immune system function. These effects may be mediated through anti microbiota activities, regulating cytokine productions, phagocytosis, stimulating IgA releasement, protection of the epithelial shield, and regulation of immune responses. We have reviewed available literature pertaining to the effects of probiotics on oral mucositis in animal and human studies. While animal studies have reported protective effects of probiotics on oral mucositis, the evidence from human studies is not convincing.

Background: In different crises without any exception, especially sudden emergencies, the role of human effective components (HECs), native human effective components (NHECs) (belonging to a specific space and location), and especially core native human effective components (CNHECs); and among CNHECs, level of management skills, ignorance, and manager’s mind bandwidth are of vital importance in crisis management. These three specified CNHECs can affect crisis management and managers as well as the level of latency in planning, strategy, and management, and as such through a complexity of reactions (i.e. A. affective, B. behavioral, and C. cognitive reactions) to increase resiliency and decrease distress in metropolitan urban areas. The time limitation is also an important issue to be considered. Materials and Methods: The type of review method has been integrative review. For a better review process, 200 articles during an approximately 50-year time (1972-2021) period during 3 years of the review process were studied and for the selection method, the well-known scientific databases and universities, the search terms, and inclusion/exclusion criteria were selected, analyzed, and summarized through a review protocol. Results: We aim to shed light on HECs preparation of NHECs and CNHECs in disaster management which will generate a good understanding to increase the resiliency and decrease the distress in crisis managers in times of sudden emergencies in metropoles as a sustainable development framework for the future. Conclusion: By creating the proposed taxonomy and classification of CNHECs in crisis management (managers), at first a better understanding will be obtained which in times of sudden crisis can increase resiliency and decrease distress generating a sustainable development framework.

Background: The present study aimed to compare the effect face-to -face and distance learning on knowledge, attitude and practice of females about breastfeeding in Shiraz, Iran.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Shiraz, Iran in 2019 on 313 women who were referred to health centers (93 face-to face group, 105 distance learning group, and 115 control group). The study outcomes included knowledge, attitude, and practice of the women about breastfeeding which were measured at the onset and one-month post-intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.Results: Mean changes of knowledge and attitude were significantly higher in the face-to-face and distance learning intervention groups compared to the control group (P

Abstract Background Sleep disturbances are common in nearly one-third of adults. Both low quality of sleep and sleep time could be related to increased obesity. An increase in visceral adipose tissue can result in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory cytokines can lead to a disturbance of the sleep-wake rhythm. Therefore, weight loss may improve sleep quality and duration. Intermittent fasting diet as a popular diet reduces body weight and improves anthropometric indices. This study is performed to further investigate the effect of a modified intermittent fasting diet on sleep quality and anthropometric indices. Methods This is an open-label randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of daily calorie restriction (control) and modified intermittent fasting (intervention) on sleep quality, anthropometric data, and body composition in women with obesity or overweight for 8 weeks. Fifty-six participants will be classified using stratified randomization based on body mass index (BMI) and age. Then, participants will be assigned to one of the two groups of intervention or control using the random numbers table. The sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and insomnia will be evaluated by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Insomnia Severity Index respectively. The primary outcomes chosen for the study were as follows: the difference in sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, BMI, fat-free mass (FFM), body fat mass, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio from baseline to 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes chosen for the study were as follows: the difference in hip circumference, the visceral fat area, percent body fat, soft lean mass, skeletal muscle mass, extracellular water ratio, and total body water from baseline to 8 weeks. Discussion This study will investigate the effect of intermittent fasting intervention compared with daily calorie restriction on sleep quality and anthropometric indices. The information gained will enhance our understanding of fasting interventions, which can be used to improve clinical dietary recommendations. The findings will help to disclose as yet the unknown relationship between diet and sleep quality. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20220522054958N3. Registered on 8 July 2022. https://www.irct.ir/trial/64510 .

Evidence implicating p38γ and p38δ (p38γ/p38δ) in inflammation are mainly based on experiments using Mapk12/Mapk13-deficient (p38γ/δKO) mice, which show low levels of TPL2, the kinase upstream of MKK1–ERK1/2 in myeloid cells. This could obscure p38γ/p38δ roles, since TPL2 is essential for regulating inflammation. Here, we generated a Mapk12D171A/D171A/Mapk13−/− (p38γ/δKIKO) mouse, expressing kinase-inactive p38γ and lacking p38δ. This mouse exhibited normal TPL2 levels, making it an excellent tool to elucidate specific p38γ/p38δ functions. p38γ/δKIKO mice showed a reduced inflammatory response and less susceptibility to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock and Candida albicans infection than wild-type (WT) mice. Gene expression analyses in LPS-activated wild-type and p38γ/δKIKO macrophages revealed that p38γ/p38δ-regulated numerous genes implicated in innate immune response. Additionally, phospho-proteomic analyses and in vitro kinase assays showed that the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF2D) was phosphorylated at Ser444 via p38γ/p38δ. Mutation of MEF2D Ser444 to the non-phosphorylatable residue Ala increased its transcriptional activity and the expression of Nos2 and Il1b mRNA. These results suggest that p38γ/p38δ govern innate immune responses by regulating MEF2D phosphorylation and transcriptional activity.

Technological catch-up is a very complex and time-consuming process that requires all kinds of capabilities to be acquired by the latercomer firms in order to successfully complete the various stages. This process is influenced by various factors that determine its failure or success. Considering the factors affecting the successful and unsuccessful cases in the catch-up process can gain a good insight for companies and countries that want to go through this path successfully. In this regard, in the present study, with the help of a systematic review of the literature, a framework of factors affecting the success of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and knowledge-based industries was extracted in order to make a comparative comparison with the catch-up situation in the biopharmaceutical industry in Iran. Quantitative support of foreign and domestic studies of each of the factors by Shannon entropy method is calculated and compared with each other to identify gaps in the catch-up of the Iranian biopharmaceutical industry. The obtained results show that there is a high similarity between domestic and international articles in terms of entropy in terms of institutional environment, capability building, and technological regimes. It is also necessary to improve the unfavorable position of the domestic industry in the factors of the market catch-up, organizational issues and the catch-up strategies with the help of the proposed solutions.

Background and Aim: Fractures and dislocations of the femur are a common and disruptive public health problem worldwide. One of the most common ways is to identify the factors associated with common outcomes that increase mortality, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. By identifying these factors, the adverse outcomes of elderly hip fractures can be prevented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between factors affecting hip fracture and its consequences. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional observational study. The study population in this study included patients with hip fractures. Patients’ information was examined between 2017-2020 years. Data were analyzed by SPSS applying descriptive statistics, Fisher Exact test, chi-square, independent t-tests, and analytical regression. Results: The results showed that in this study, the majority of patients with hip fracture had an underlying disease (73.9%). The most common underlying diseases in patients included high blood pressure (20.7%), diabetes (13.2%) and heart diseases (10.5%). The most common causes of death was include old age (40.4%), prevalence of covid-19 (20.2%), heart attack (11.7%), pulmonary embolism (10.6%) and surgical wound infection (10.6%). The most common cause of hip fracture was osteoporosis (26.3%) and falling from a height (24.7%). Also level of education (P=0.0001), causes of fracture (P=0.001), type of anesthesia (P=0.001), history of hospitalization in special wards (P=0.001), readmission (P=0.0001), age (P=0.001) and level of self-care (P=0.001) were significantly associated with elderly mortality. There was a significant relation between type of surgery (P=0.038), history of hospitalization in intensive care units (P=0.001), history of blood transfusion (P=0.021) and level of self-care (P=0.001) with length of hospital stay of fractured elderly hip. Conclusion: It can be concluded that by identifying the factors affecting the length of hospital stay, surgical wound infection and mortality of the patients with hip fractures, witness better surgery results, shorter hospital stay, less postoperative complications and reduced death. Some factors such as osteoporosis are preventable, which can be prevented with timely education.

The use of ecosystem metaphor in different branches of management, business, innovation and entrepreneurship, are growing increasingly. The evolution property of ecosystems has highlighted. The aim of this study is to identify the stages of the evolution of business ecosystems. The major of previous studies about ecosystem’s evolution are based on case studies and affected by context. Then they are not generalizable. In this study we present a comprehensive model for evolution stages of industrial business ecosystems by qualitative Meta synthesis approach. 16 studies are identified by literature review that they were about evolution stages. Then 105 codes were extracted and translated in 19 conceptions and a 4 stages model was presented. This model, by highlighting the value chain and industrial platforms, is a good model for industrial business ecosystems. Also industrial researchers can use it to design a pattern for a special industrial ecosystem, or they can use it for studying and evaluating of the existent industrial ecosystems.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare monogenic disorder co-diagnosed with high rates of autism and is caused by loss of function mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. A key pathway hyperactivated in TSC is the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which regulates cap-dependent mRNA translation. We previously demonstrated that exaggerated cap-dependent translation leads to autism-related phenotypes and increased mRNA translation and protein expression of Neuroligin 1 (Nlgn1) in mice. Inhibition of Nlgn1 expression reversed social behavior deficits in mice with increased cap-dependent translation. Herein, we report elevated translation of Nlgn1 mRNA and an increase in its protein expression. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Nlgn1 expression in Tsc2+/− mice rescued impaired hippocampal mGluR-LTD, contextual discrimination and social behavior deficits in Tsc2+/− mice, without correcting mTORC1 hyperactivation. Thus, we demonstrate that reduction of Nlgn1 expression in Tsc2+/− mice is a new therapeutic strategy for TSC and potentially other neurodevelopmental disorders.

BackgroundBoth sleep time and quality can be associated with overweight or obesity. In obese people, visceral fat tissue develops, which results in an increment in the production of cytokines. The increased production of inflammatory cytokines can disturb the sleep/wake cycle. Therefore, weight loss by reducing fat tissue can improve sleep disorders. Intermittent fasting diets are popular and effective diets that can decrease body weight and improve anthropometric data and body composition. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Alternate-day Modified Fasting (ADMF) on sleep quality, body weight, and daytime sleepiness.MethodsClassification of 56 obese or overweight women, based on age and body mass index (BMI), was done using stratified randomization. Then individuals were assigned to the ADMF group (intervention) or Daily Calorie Restriction (CR) group (control) using the random numbers table for 8 weeks. We measured the Pittsburgh sleep quality Index (PSQI), weight, BMI, and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) as primary outcomes and assessed subjective sleep quality (SSQ), sleep latency, sleep disturbances, habitual sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction, and sleep duration as secondary outcomes at baseline and after the study.ResultsFollowing an ADMF diet resulted in a greater decrease in weight (kg) [−5.23 (1.73) vs. −3.15 (0.88); P

Introduction Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) includes a range of physical, behavioural and psychological symptoms and decreases women’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It has been proposed that increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with menstrual problems and decreased HRQoL. The body fat amount plays a role in menstrual cycles by altering the oestrogen/progesterone ratio. Alternate day fasting as an unusual diet results in the improvement of anthropometric indices and reduction of body weight. This study aims to investigate the effect of a daily calorie restriction diet and a modified alternate day fasting diet on PMS and HRQoL.Methods and analysis This 8-week open-label parallel randomised controlled trial examines the impact of a modified alternate-day fasting diet and daily caloric restriction on the severity of PMS and HRQoL in obese or overweight women. Using simple random sampling, women between the ages of 18 years and 50 years and 25 ≤ BMI ˂ 40 who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be chosen from the Kashan University of Medical Sciences Centre. Patients will be randomised, based on BMI and age through stratified randomisation. Then by the random numbers table, they are allocated to fasting (intervention) or daily calorie restriction (control) groups. Outcomes are chosen for the trial: the difference in the severity of PMS, HRQoL, BMI, body fat mass, fat-free mass, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference, per cent body fat, skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area from baseline to 8 weeks.Ethics and dissemination The Kashan University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee has approved the trial (IR.KAUMS.MEDNT.REC.1401.003) (17 April 2022). Results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and the participants will be informed via phone calls.Trial registration number IRCT20220522054958N1.

Background Transgenes deliver therapeutic payloads to improve oncolytic virus immunotherapy. Transgenes encoded within oncolytic viruses are designed to be highly transcribed, but protein synthesis is often negatively affected by viral infection, compromising the amount of therapeutic protein expressed. Studying the oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1), we found standard transgene mRNAs to be suboptimally translated in infected cells.Methods Using RNA-Seq reads, we determined the transcription start sites and 5'leaders of HSV1 genes and uncovered the US11 5'leader to confer superior activity in translation reporter assays. We then incorporated this 5’leader into GM-CSF expression cassette in oncolytic HSV1 and compared the translationally adapted oncolytic virus with the conventional, leaderless, virus in vitro and in mice.Results Inclusion of the US11 5’leader in the GM-CSF transgene incorporated into HSV1 boosted translation in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, treatment with US11 5’leader-GM-CSF oncolytic HSV1 showed superior antitumor immune activity and improved survival in a syngeneic mouse model of colorectal cancer as compared with leaderless-GM-CSF HSV1.Conclusions Our study demonstrates the therapeutic value of identifying and integrating platform-specific cis-acting sequences that confer increased protein synthesis on transgene expression.

Common oil and gas fields are among the most valuable income and national wealth sources, so production delays cause irreparable damage to the national economy. The existing functions of revenues and production costs of gas fields have been identified and extracted from the current literature to optimize the production strategy. Cost func-tions include exploration, development, operation, production facility and wellhead, facility depreciation costs, and revenue functions include demand and income functions. After designing the model using mathematical optimiza-tion, the decision variables’ values have been calculated as optimal production, selling price, and profit for each play-er. For this purpose, two strategies of cooperation and non-cooperation were considered for each player. Solving the designed games showed that the best strategy and Nash equilibrium for the research case study is the strategy of co-operation. Also, according to the results of the equilibrium of designed games based on cooperation strategy, it is suggested that one of the main approaches of research case study in common fields is the process of multilateral and cooperative development.

Today, as the Competitive Environment becomes more Complicated, Firms in Steel Value Chain Sector, In addition to the need to Identify and Assimilate new Knowledge and Technologies, need to Absorb and Integrate It into their Technological Resources.This Study has been done by Analyzing the Iran Steel Value Chain Technology Developments from the Perspective of Managerial Functions in New Technology Integration. The Historical Review was from 1338 to 1400. This Study is Qualitative Content Analysis Research. Data Collection Tools were 16 Semi-Structured Interviews with Experienced Managers in Steelmaking Industry Along With Review of Archival Documents Finally, based on Historical Analysis and Review of Successful and Unsuccessful Management Functions in Three Time phases, This Study Presents Functional and Executive Solutions in the Stages of Integration of New Technologies. In this Study, After Exploring 17 Themes (Key Effective Factors) fot New Technologies Integration, 25 Solutions in Stage of “Identify and Obtain Valuable New Knowledge Identifying and Evaluating New Technological Knowledge”, 24 Solutions in Stage of “Understanding New Knowledge and Combining it with the Existing Knowledge Base of the Firm”, and 10 Solutions In Stage of “Exploiting New Technological Knowledge has been Proposed.

Lifelong accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result of AGEs, cardiovascular dysfunction develops and progresses via two main mechanisms: cross-linking AGEs with tissue proteins and binding of AGEs to their receptor for AGE (RAGE). In addition, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in these patients may be due to increased oxidative stress, leading to an elevation in blood circulation and tissue AGEs. Increasing physical activity is a critical approach among the different strategies to manage the deleterious effects of these changes caused by disease. Exercise prevents the accumulation of AGEs and slows the progression of chronic disease sequels. Exercise reduces AGE levels through a reduction of insulin sensitivity, fat mass, inflammation, and RAGE expression. An improvement in glucose metabolism and glycemic control are also other possible explanations. Reduced peripheral insulin resistance may attenuate AGE accumulation. Physical exercise causes more antioxidant enzyme secretion and reduces oxidative stress. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory endothelial function is improved by exercise. After exercise, subendothelial matrix stiffness decreases, and endothelial function is improved. In this current study, the association between AGEs and exercise and their interaction effects on CVD are discussed.

Skeletal growth and bone health are very important in children. The effective role of vitamin D in bone mineral density has been observed in children and adolescents. This systematic review study evaluated the effects of vitamin D on bone density in healthy children with the help of valid databases and the website of clinical trials. The results of experimental, clinical, retrospective, prospective, double-blind, and randomized studies were used. Articles that appropriately covered the topic and had the proper content structure were selected for this review. Out of a total of 132 articles, finally, 13 articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for further study, the results of which show the association between serum levels of vitamin D and bone mineral density and health. However, in some articles, the relationship between other influential variables such as age and nutrition on bone density in children was identified. In general, the current systematic review demonstrates the role of vitamin D on bone density in healthy children, so that in children studied, vitamin D is at different levels and complications related to bone density are observed in many children. It is recommended that more clinical and longitudinal studies be performed to further understand the role of vitamin D levels in bone health in children.

Introduction: Influenza-related viral myositis is observed mostly in children with influenza, and the disease is more common in influenza type B. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence, and clinical and laboratory features of acute viral myositis in children with influenza in 2019 and 2020. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in Ali Asghar Hospital, from December 2019 to February 2020. Children aged 2–14 years with symptoms of acute onset of fever, along with the symptoms of influenza with or without muscle pain who referred to the emergency department of Hazrat Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, were included in the study. The data were collected and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Out of the 105 participants in this study, 62 (59%) were male and the rest were female. The average age of the patients was 5.34 years (SD = 2.63). Clinical signs of lower limb pain, myalgia, lameness, weakness, and lethargy were significantly more common in patients with myositis (P-value < 0.05). In-vitro examination demonstrated that creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and aAlanine aminotransferease (ALT) levels were significantly higher in patients with myositis. Conclusion: Based on the present results, the clinical symptoms in patients are quite clear, and based on the symptoms, it is possible to diagnose and treat myositis without relying on laboratory findings; due to the self-limitation of this complication and lack of the need for complex treatments in case of early diagnosis, physicians can diagnose and treat many cases, depending on the clinical symptoms and the accuracy of the examination.

Introduction: Émile Durkheim was the first sociologist to introduce suicide (as a social phenomenon) to sociology from the realm of individual and psychology. He studied the rate of suicide as a social harm in the context of individual's relationship with the group and concluded that social situations are the main reason for people within a community to commit self-destruction. As he also found, attempts to directly convince them to avoid this suicidal act is futile because the real motives lie in the context of the society. In his novel Al-Kafareh (the infidel woman), Ali Badr, a contemporary Iraqi writer, attempts to portray the current perturbed conditions in Iraq in the form of a story of a woman named Fatima whose father and brother were influenced by the takfiri ideology of ISIL and committed suicide. She commits suicide roo after suffering the pain of immigration and asylum to Europe. It seems that this social harm can be analyzed in the light of Durkheim’s theory. To explain the causes of social harms such as suicide in different groups of the current Iraqi society, this paper analyzes the novel Al-Kafareh and criticizes the author's analytical views based on Durkheim's sociological theories to answer the questions a) what is the relationship between the suicide of an individual and group social events in the novel Al-Kafareh? and b) In terms of adaptation, to what extent is the attempt to self-destruct by the characters of the story consistent with Durkheim's theory? Undoubtedly, the answers to these questions can significantly explain the socially harmful factors and be effective in conveying the author's awareness to the audience in the world of fiction. Methodology: The research method of this study is qualitative and descriptive using content analysis. Content analysis is done in a systematic way to objectively, qualitatively and systematically describe the content and concepts of written texts. The authors' approach in this paper is sociological criticism of the content (sociological themes) to explain and criticize the author's critical view based on Durkheim's sociological theories. To achieve this goal, the required data on Durkheim's theory and social harms were first collected by a library method with a focus on suicide. Afterward, the novel was reread and analyzed and a network of themes through content analysis as well as extraction of textual evidence. An attempt was also made to divide the analytical part of the article into four parts based on the suicide types and according to Durkheim. Thus, each example was analyzed under its subcategory by matching the text to the theory. Results and Discussion: Durkheim divides suicide into four types according to the relationship of the self-destructive individual with the group. They include Egoistic (selfish), Altruistic (unselfish), Anomic (anomalous) and Fatalistic (coincidental). In the light of studying the relationship between the suicide of the characters in the story with social realities such as integration and regularity (social control), the research findings suggest that there is no coherence between individuals in a small institution such as family nor in the wider circle of group or society, which leads to egoistic or altruistic suicide of the characters in the story. The coherence between man and woman is weak and unfounded in the Iraqi society because it is a patriarchal society, such that the perceived class differences as well as the lack of equal access to economic and social capital has eased the links of individual with the group and paved the way for egoistic suicide. It can be said that those connected to the ISIS group have mechanical solidarity and that their suicide operations are classified as altruistic suicide. Conclusion: The novel Al-Kafareh has several social and critical aspects, and the author depicts social themes through a dramatic familiar narrative style. Representation of such anomalies in the society can give collective activists the necessary insight and self-awareness and, accordingly, the social critic can scrutinize different aspects of the society in a literary work. All the elements of the novel are closely related to the Iraqi society and its relationships. The main theme of this novel is suffering, which includes various physical and psychological forms resulting from the rupture of human relations, the tense situation in the family and society, economic and social pressures, the disturbed conditions of women in the society, and so on. By mentioning these issues, the author seeks to show the turmoil in the Iraqi society, and, by depicting family and social relationships, he illustrates social gaps. To account for the suicide of the novel's characters according to Durkheim's theory, incoherence and insecure situations can be considered as contributing factors. The novel classifis the suicide of Sophia, her spouse, and Adrian’s father as anomic, egoistic and fatalistic, respectively.

Background and Objective: The relationship between parent health literacy and adherence to rehabilitation in children with special needs has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to determine the association of parent health literacy and other predicted factors with follow-up of occupational therapy (OT) and speech therapy (ST) in children with special needs between 3 and 6 years old, Hamadan city, 2020.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 92 parents (64 mothers and 28 fathers), who have children refering to occupational therapy and speech therapy centers, were randomly selected. Data gathering was conducted by demographic and parent health literacy questionnaires, and SPSS software version 16 all data was used to analyze data by independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean of father and mother’s health literacy were 55.18±7.59 and 61.72 ± 13.56, respectively. A significant difference was observed in parents' health literacy, parent's gender (p = 0.019), parent’s education level (p = 0.05), and father’s occupation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyses showed a significant negative correlation between parental health literacy and father age (r = -.345, p

Owing to the importance of sustainability in the supply chain of project-oriented companies, this study aimed to design a model for identification of factors that may influence supply chain sustainability in project production at Pars Garma Industrial and Constructional Company. To serve the purpose, the interpretive applied study commenced with extensive library research to scrutinize existing theories and findings from conceptual and applied research and identify enablers and key factors that may impact supply chain sustainability. An interview protocol and a questionnaire were further developed to collect the research data. These instruments were validated based on the views of 10 experts serving as managers and decision makers of Pars Garma Company who were selected using a judgment sampling procedure. The research population comprised 155 individuals out of whom a sample of 120 were selected according to the Cochran formula. Having collected and analyzed the data, the findings indicated 7 main dimensions of project characteristics, contractors’ characteristics, managers’ characteristics, communication features, characteristics of supervisory organizations, performance evaluation and characteristics of the society, each with constituent components. The implications of the findings will be discussed.

Background: Phytochemical-rich foods have anti-inflammatory effects and play a role in the prevention and control of inflammatory diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Although some aspects of a diet high in phytochemicals promoting health and preventing chronic diseases are known, further studies are required to confirm the previous findings. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and fatigue severity in patients with MS. A total of 240 patients aged 18 to 65 years were selected from the MS Association center of Golestan province. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the diet, and fatigue severity was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) questionnaire. DPI was calculated using the formula [daily energy from foods rich in phytochemicals (kcal) divided by total daily energy intake (kcal)] and was calculated as 100. Results: After controlling for potential confounding factors, the highest tertile of DPI had a lower prevalence of fatigue symptoms (odds ratio (OR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.03-0.36; p=0.012) compared to those in the lowest tertile. The average age of the study participants was 31.9±7.7 years, and the fatigue score scale among the participants was 39.31±11.62. Conclusion: In conclusion, a significant inverse relationship between DPI and fatigue severity was observed in patients with MS. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research aims to optimize humanitarian logistics to increase coordination between actors in the phase during and after the disaster and aims to minimize the cost of relief, minimize the time of relief and minimize the cost of rebuilding infrastructure and housing for the affected people. Methodology: This research, in terms of the research direction types, is developmental because it is trying to expand the existing models in the design of the humanitarian logistics network and consider the optimization of two phases during the post-disaster phase. The proposed model has been solved using two metaheuristic algorithms named multi-objective genetic algorithm and multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Findings: The implementation of this study will lead to a reduction in the costs of locating, routing and reconstruction in the humanitarian supply chain, as well as reducing the time of providing aid to the affected people and increasing their satisfaction. It is also possible to reduce the inventory of relief products with the help of this issue. Appropriate planning in humanitarian logistics processes, especially in the coordination phase of reconstruction, will be done according to the limited budget of governments and the appropriate use of resources. Originality/Value: One of the innovations of this study is reducing the cost of reconstruction after an earthquake. Several studies were conducted in order to recover from the disaster. Over the past two decades, response phase relief operations have been the focus of a significant number of researchers. However, the issue of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction programs has not been sufficiently discussed in scientific and practical forums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate systematic application of grounded theory to understand strategic agility in knowledge-based companies (KBCs) in Iran and to explain relationships between them. Methodology: This study uses mixed methods research to explore the determinants of strategic agility in KBCs. This study uses mixed methods approach. Qualitative analysis using “Paradigm model” of grounded theory for data analysis. In Quantitative stage, Structural equation modeling with partial least square is used. Findings: The results of the first phase of the study revealed that causal conditions affecting strategic agility were organizational and environmental factors. As well, intervening conditions included Facilitating and Deterring role of intrinsic attributes of companies; and contextual conditions encompassed Limiting and Encouraging factors. Moreover, strategies and practices were comprised of Extra-organizational and Intra-organizational practices and consequences of strategic agility were consequences at macro and organizational level. The results of the quantitative study, as the second phase, correspondingly confirmed factors identified at the qualitative phase and demonstrated that the casual conditions explain 58.2% of the variance in strategic agility, the three independent constructs explain 72.9% of the variance in strategies, and the strategies explains 59.1% of the variance of consequences. Research limitations: This study was developed on the basis of opinions of a limited number of individuals which could reduce theoretical generalizability of the results. Another limitation is that the research data are limited to KBCs in Iran. Value: The results of this study would theoretically complement the body of knowledge about KBCs which can be cited in future research. Furthermore, the mixed methods approach offers a better insight in understanding strategic agility in KBCs vs the use of either a qualitative or quantitative method alone.