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Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) in infants. The four components that constitute ToF are an overriding aorta over the crest of the interventricular septum, obstruction in the right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular hypertrophy, and a typically large non‐restricted ventricular septal defect. ToF may also be associated with other extracardiac abnormalities, including patent ductus arteriosus or multiple aortopulmonary collateral arteries, which can impact the patient's survival. Patients with unoperated ToF rarely reach adulthood, and it is extremely rare to discover undiagnosed ToF in individuals over 60 years old. In this report, we describe an unusual case of a woman with unrepaired ToF who survived until the age of 71. She was fairly asymptomatic until the 7th decade of her life and complained only of dyspnea on exertion. The patient declined corrective cardiac surgery and preferred conservative management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Chlorpyrifos (CPF) in rat heart tissue and the effect of Curcumin (Cur) on cardiac enzymes, oxidative indices, and histopathological changes in the cardiac tissue., Background: CPF, the most used organophosphorus pesticide (OP), has been reported to induce cardiotoxic effects., Objective: The cardioprotective effects of Cur against CPF-induced toxicity have not been entirely investigated till now., Method: Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (n=8). C group (Control animals that received olive oil), CPF group (10 mg/kg/day), CPF + Cur 25, CPF + Cur 50, and CPF + Cur 100 groups (animals received 10 mg/kg/day CPF and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg Cur, respectively). All treatments were administered via oral gavage for 90 days. Cardiac enzymes (LDH & CPK) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in heart tissue (malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase) were measured. Histopathological changes in the heart tissue were also evaluated., Result: Chronic exposure to CPF significantly increased cardiac enzyme levels and OS biomarkers. Histological changes were found, including disorganization of the cardiac muscle fibers with disorganization and degeneration in myocardial fibers with separation of myofibrils and cytoplasmic vacuolization of cardiac muscle fibers. Administration of Cur (100 mg/kg) reversed serum LDH concentration and OS biomarkers to normal levels in CPF-exposed animals (p < 0.05) and significantly improved cardiac damage., Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Cur can reduce the adverse effects of long-term exposure to CPF in rat heart tissue by modulating OS., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Gouty arthritis is a complex form of inflammatory arthritis, triggered by the sedimentation of monosodium urate crystals in periarticular tissues, synovial joints, and other sites in the body. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol compound, isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa , possessing countless physiological features, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-rheumatic qualities., Objective: This study aimed to discuss the beneficial impacts of curcumin and its mechanism in treating gout disease., Methods: Ten English and Persian databases were used to conduct a thorough literature search. Studies examining the anti-gouty arthritis effects of curcumin and meeting the inclusion criteria were included., Results: According to the studies, curcumin has shown xanthine oxidase and urate transporter- 1 inhibitory properties, uric acid inhibitory characteristics, and antioxidant and anti- inflammatory effects. However, some articles found no prominent reduction in uric acid levels., Conclusion: In this review, we emphasized the potency of curcumin and its compounds against gouty arthritis. Despite the potency, we suggest an additional well-designed evaluation of curcumin, before its therapeutic effectiveness is completely approved as an antigouty arthritis agent., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Organophosphate compounds are regarded as a class of pesticides that are used in farming. Their extensive use, especially in developing countries, is a serious public health problem. Numerous studies have shown the effects of these toxins on various parts of the human and other vertebrates' bodies, including the cardiovascular, hepatobiliary, renal, and reproductive systems. Curcumin is a polyphenol compound obtained from the rhizome of the Curcuma longa. Curcumin has been known as a dietary spice, food additive, and traditional medicine since many years ago. In recent decades, the medicinal characteristics, clinical aspects, and biological activity of curcumin have been extensively examined. The most examined positive characteristics of curcumin are its anti- inflammatory and anti-oxidant qualities. This review will deal with the pharmacological properties of curcumin as well as an update of currently available studies in terms of curcumin's uses and function against organophosphate pesticides-induced toxicity on different human organs., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most common human malignancies and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the most prominent hallmarks of cancer and a basic trait of almost all GI malignancies is genomic/epigenomics alterations. DNA methylation is highlighted as a fundamental mechanism underlying the inactivation of several tumor-suppressor gene signaling pathways. Thus, sites of DNA methylation can be triggered for cancer therapy. Available therapeutic procedures for GI cancer show unsatisfactory efficacy, and some treatments are associated with severe side effects, including ulceration or bleeding. Therefore, it is essential to find alternative treatments. There is growing evidence indicating that some chemopreventive phytochemicals can combat cancer. One of the most systematically investigated nutraceuticals for its advantages in managing different diseases is curcumin (CUR). CUR is well known for its potent anticancer characteristics by targeting epigenetic mechanisms, with DNA methylation at the forefront. Prior investigations have indicated that CUR treatment can benefit GI cancers by controlling several signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and epigenomics pathways. The present literature displays recent evidence regarding DNA methylation alterations by CUR and its potential role in GI cancer prevention and treatment., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of chlorpyrifos on the rat hippocampus and evaluate whether these effects can be decreased with chrysin co-administration in an animal model., Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups; Control (C), Chlorpyrifos (CPF), Chlorpyrifos + Chrysin (12.5 mg/kg) (CPF + CH1), Chlorpyrifos + Chrysin (25 mg/kg) (CPF + CH2), Chlorpyrifos + Chrysin (50 mg/kg) (CPF + CH3). After 45 days, hippocampus tissues were evaluated by biochemical and histopathological tests., Results: Biochemical findings indicated that CPF and CPF plus CH administration could not significantly change SOD activity, and MAD, GSH, and NO levels in the hippocampus tissue of animals versus controls. Histopathological findings of the toxic effects of CPF on hippocampus tissue as evidenced by inflammatory cell infiltration, degeneration/necrosis, and mild hyperemia. CH could ameliorate these histopathological changes in a dose-dependent manner., Conclusion: In conclusion, CH was effective against histopathological damage induced by CPF in the hippocampus through modulating inflammation and apoptosis., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)