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An accessory parotid gland is salivary gland tissue that exists separately anterior to the parotid gland. Since malignant tumors can be found in about 50% of accessory parotid tumors, the standard treatment is radical resection via externa l approach. However, with the development of endoscopic surgery in the head and neck field, the transoral approach using an endoscope is also being tried. Although this technique could remove benign tumors without skin incision, there may be cases where removal via transoral approach may prove difficult. The authors experienced a case of failed attempt to remove pleomorphic adenoma in the accessory parotid gland via transoral approach in a 24-year-old male patient. We analyzed the causes of surgical failure in this case from various perspectives. We believe that our lessons from this failed case could help determine the appropriate surgical indications of transoral approach in the accessory parotid gland tumor.

Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a newly recognized, very rare malignant tumor of nose and paranasal sinuses, which usually occurs in women. This tumor contains both neural and muscle tissue in the tumor tissue. It is an invasive disease occuring locally in the nasal cavity. However, if not found early, it can spread along the facial structure, for instance, the orbit, skull base, intracranium, and the oropharynx. This tumor is an uncommon disease that has not been reported in Korea to date. We report a case of a 35-year-old female recently diagnosed with BSNS with a review of the literature.

Plasma cell mucositis is a very rare benign disease characterized by dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the submucosa layer. It appears as a reddish ulcer on the mucous membrane or as a cobblestone or nodular mass on the affected mucosa. When it involves the pharynx or larynx, the patient presents with dysphagia, voice change and dyspnea. Clinically, it is important to differentiate with malignant diseases such as extramedullary plasmacytoma, amyloidosis and sarcodosis. Several cases of mucositis in the larynx have been reported in English literature, but none have been reported in Korea. We report a case of plasma cell mucositis in the larynx with a review of literature.

The soft tissue triangle is an easily recognizable subunit of the nose. Therefore, deformities in this region resulting from trauma or complications after cosmetic surgery can have serious cosmetic impacts. Various reconstruction choices exist for deformities such as depression of the soft triangle but choosing the most appropriate treatment in each case remains a challenge. In the case described herein, a patient underwent augmentation rhinoplasty with a silastic implant and experienced implant exposure in the soft triangle area. After implant removal, the patient complained of depression in this area. The authors effectively solved this problem through a de-epithelialized composite tissue graft. In this report, we present this case and review similar cases of reconstruction of the soft triangle.

The soft tissue structure near the medial malleolus is an area where the bone is covered only with thin skin and subcutaneous tissue without structures like ligaments or tendons. In addition to the above anatomical features, wearing normal footwear should be considered when reconstructing the soft tissues in these areas. Therefore, it may be desirable to restore the original thickness of the soft tissue when performing a reconstruction. The authors reconstructed defects on the medial malleolus of a 50-year-old woman, after wide excision of a malignant melanoma, using only a deep fascial flap based on the posterior tibial artery-based perforator. This technique is thought to be a good option for reconstructing soft tissue defects in this area.

Background: We think reduction forced toward the posterior side during graft fixation could be helpful in reducing the side-to-side difference (STSD) after ACL reconstruction. The purpose of our study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of graft fixation with or without a posterior draw during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery.Methods: Among 110 patients who underwent primary arthroscopic ACL reconstruction between January 2017 and August 2020, 76 patients underwent surgery without a posterior draw (non-draw group) and 34 patients underwent ACL reconstruction with posterior draw (draw group). Results of the Lachman test, pivot-shift test, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, and STSD on stress radiography were compared between the two groups.Results: The postoperative WOMAC index, Lysholm score, and IKDC subjective score were similar with the draw group. Postoperative STSD (non-draw group vs draw group, 2.4 ± 2.2 vs 2.0 ± 2.2, P = 0.319) and change of STSD (preoperative STSD vs postoperative STSD, 3.5 ± 3.5 vs 4.3 ± 4.4, P = 0.295) were not superior in the draw group.Conclusion: Graft fixation with a posterior draw was not helpful in enhancing postoperative stability during ACL reconstruction. Postoperative clinical outcomes were also not superior in the draw group.Study design: Level III, retrospective comparative study.

Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using an ultracongruent (UC) insert is widely performed. Lack of the posterior cruciate ligament or post-cam mechanism is a concern in terms of range of motion. The flexion angle of UC TKA had been well investigated; however, natural history and correlation factors of the postoperative extension angle have not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate time-dependent changes in extension after TKA using UC inserts, and to evaluate factors that correlated with the postoperative extension angle. Methods This study reviewed 388 gap-balanced UC TKAs (331 patients) without hyperextension at navigation and performed between November 2010 and December 2014. The extension angle (a positive number indicates hyperextension) was measured on full-extension lateral radiographs. The extension angles from five days post-operation to final follow-up were investigated. Factors correlated with the postoperative extension angle were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Results Mean follow-up duration was 46.2 months. Until two years, the extension angle gradually increased; mean angles at five days/six months/one year/two years/and final follow-up were: − 9.2°/− 2.6°/0.6°/1.0°/1.0°, respectively. Female sex (β = − 0.15, P = 0.002) and pre-operative hyperextension (β = 0.31, P Conclusions Following UC TKA, knees became gradually more extended until two years post-operation. Sex and pre-operative extension angle were predictive factors for the postoperative extension angle following UC TKA. Level of evidence Level 4, Case series.

A composite graft is considered the best choice for facial reconstruction because of proper texture, color, and simple surgical techniques. However, due to revascularization by the bridging phenomenon, it has limitations with unpredictable survival rates and can be applied only to small defects. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) plays an important role in multiple vascular processes such as angiogenesis via production of a vascular endothelial growth factor and by providing an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines through the adenosine A2 receptor stimulation. Thus, here, we investigated PDRN as a supportive method to improve survival of composite grafts. Chondrocutaneous composite grafts were applied to both ears of 20 New Zealand White rabbits. The grafts were then rotated and returned to their positions to prevent the original blood flow from the base of the grafts. On postoperative days 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12, PDRN was injected intradermally into the experimental group (20 ears) and normal saline was injected into the control group (20 ears) to exclude bias of pressure effect. After 12 days, graft survival and cutaneous blood flow were examined under laser speckle contrast imaging. Gross observation indicated that the graft viability in the PDRN group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p

Background: Microfracture (MFx) is the most common procedure for treating chondral lesions in the knee; however, initial improvements decline after 2 years. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) may overcome this shortcoming by combining MFx with collagen scaffolds. However, the outcomes of AMIC and MFx in the knee have not been compared. Purpose: To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of AMIC and MFx over a minimum 2-year follow-up. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases identified studies of patients who underwent AMIC or MFx and that reported validated clinical outcome measure and/or radiological evaluation findings at a follow-up of ≥2 years. There were 2 reviewers who performed study selection, a risk of bias assessment, and data extraction. Results: Overall, 29 studies were included in this systematic review. The mean improvement on the Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale, and visual analog scale for pain did not differ significantly between the 2 procedures. The mean improvement on the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score was significantly greater in the AMIC (45.9 [95% CI, 36.2-55.5]) than in the MFx (27.2 [95% CI, 23.3-31.1]) group ( P < .001). In addition, the mean magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score was significantly higher in the AMIC (69.3 [95% CI, 55.1-83.5]) versus MFx (41.0 [95% CI, 27.3-54.7]) group ( P = .005), and the mean adequate defect filling rate on magnetic resonance imaging scans was significantly better in the AMIC (77.3% [95% CI, 66.7%-87.9%]) versus MFx (47.9% [95% CI, 29.2%-66.6%]) group ( P = .008) (odds ratio, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.07-2.33]). Conclusion: No significant differences in clinical outcomes, except for the IKDC subjective score, were found between the AMIC and MFx groups. Greater improvement in IKDC subjective scores and magnetic resonance imaging findings were seen in patients treated with AMIC compared with MFx at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Background: Given the superiority of meniscal repair over partial meniscectomy according to biomechanical data, the clinical outcomes of meniscal repair are likely to be better than those of partial meniscectomy for a medial meniscus root tear (MMRT). Purpose/Hypothesis: This review was designed to compare the clinical and radiological results between meniscal repair and partial meniscectomy for MMRTs. It was hypothesized that meniscal repair would result in better clinical and radiological results compared with partial meniscectomy. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Studies were included in the review if they (1) included patients with MMRTs who underwent primary arthroscopic meniscal repair or partial meniscectomy and (2) analyzed validated patient-reported outcomes and/or radiological evaluations. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated to compare partial meniscectomy with meniscal repair for each outcome. Results: A total of 13 studies were included. The mean duration of follow-up was 33.5 and 47.2 months in the meniscal repair group and partial meniscectomy group, respectively. The change in the Lysholm score from preoperatively to postoperatively was statistically significantly in favor of meniscal repair (OR, 2.20 [95% CI, 1.55-3.12]), while no difference was found with respect to the change in the Tegner score between the 2 surgical approaches (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.65-2.24]). The prevalence of postoperative severe knee osteoarthritis (OR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.17-0.54]) as well as that of reoperations (OR, 0.05 [95% CI, 0.01-0.19]) were significantly in favor of meniscal repair. Conclusion Better outcomes were seen after meniscal repair compared with partial meniscectomy for MMRTs, with greater improvements in Lysholm scores, and lower rates of progression to knee osteoarthritis, and lower reoperation rate.

Background: Few studies to date have compared clinical outcomes in patients who have undergone medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using the suture anchor and double transpatellar tunnel fixation methods. This meta-analysis therefore compared the clinical results, including the patellar redislocation rate and improvement in functional scores, of suture anchor and double transpatellar tunnel fixation. Hypothesis: The recurrence rate and improvement in functional outcomes after surgery would be similar using the suture anchor and double transpatellar tunnel fixation methods. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: Studies evaluating MPFL reconstruction using either the suture anchor or double transpatellar tunnel technique for patellar site fixation were included if they reported the patellar redislocation rate after surgery and/or validated patient-reported outcomes such as the Kujala and Lysholm scores. Results: Twenty-one studies were included in this meta-analysis. The mean patellar redislocation rates were similar using the suture anchor (3.2% [95% CI, 1.6%-6.2%]) and double transpatellar tunnel (3.4% [95% CI, 2.1%-5.4%]) techniques ( P = .879). The mean improvement in the Kujala score from before to after MPFL reconstruction was greater using the suture anchor (37.2 [95% CI, 31.1-43.4]) method than the double transpatellar tunnel method (28.7 [95% CI, 21.2-36.1]) ( P = .018). However, the mean improvement in the Lysholm score did not differ significantly using the 2 techniques. Conclusion: The patellar redislocation rate did not differ significantly in patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction using the suture anchor and double transpatellar tunnel fixation methods. The suture anchor fixation method, however, resulted in a greater degree of improvement in patient-reported outcomes.

Types of mechanoreceptors may differ between the medial and lateral menisci, suggesting that postural stability may differ between patients with medial and lateral meniscus tears. However, to date, postural stability has not been compared in patients with medial and lateral meniscus tears. This study used stabilometry to compare postural stability in patients with medial and lateral meniscus tears.Postural stability and thigh muscle strength were assessed in 24 patients with medial and 18 patients with lateral meniscus tears. Postural stability was determined by measuring the anteroposterior (APSI), mediolateral (MLSI), and overall (OSI) stability indices using stabilometry. Maximal torque (60°/s) of the quadriceps and hamstring was evaluated using an isokinetic testing device.The three stability indices, OSI, APSI, and MLSI, in both involved and uninvolved knees were all significantly greater in patients with lateral than with medial meniscus tears. (P0.001 for all OSI, APSI, and MLSI in both involved and uninvolved knees, except for P=0.005 for MLSI of involved knees). In patients with medial meniscus tears, both OSI (1.4±0.4 vs. 1.1±0.4, P=0.037) and MLSI (0.9±0.3 vs. 0.8±0.3, P=0.041) were significantly higher on the injured than the uninjured side. In patients with lateral meniscus tears, none of the stability indices differed significantly between injured and uninjured knee joints.Postural stability of both the injured and uninjured knee joints was poorer in patients with lateral than with medial meniscus tears.

Background Implant survivorship is reported to be lower and complications, particularly bearing dislocation, are reported to be more frequent in Asian than in Western patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing Oxford® Phase III unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). To date, however, these complications have not been compared between these groups of patients. Questions/purposes The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis comparing the standardized incidence rates of (1) all-cause reoperation; (2) reoperation related to bearing dislocation; and (3) reoperation related to progression of lateral compartment arthritis in Asian and Western patients with medial knee OA who underwent Oxford Phase III UKA. Methods We searched MEDLINE® (January 1, 1976, to May 31, 2017), EMBASE® (January 1, 1985, to May 31, 2017), and the Cochrane Library (January 1, 1987, to May 31, 2017) for studies that reported complications of Oxford Phase III UKAs. Studies were included if they reported reoperation rates attributable to bearing dislocation and/or progression of lateral knee OA after surgery with this implant. Twenty-seven studies were included in this systematic review and 16 studies with followups > 5 years were included in the meta-analysis. These rates were converted to standardized incidence rate (that is, reoperations per 100 observed component years) based on mean followup and number of involved knees in each study. After applying prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were categorized into two groups, Asian and Western, based on hospital location. Twenty-five studies, containing 3152 Asian patients and 5455 Western patients, were evaluated. Study quality was assessed by the modified Coleman Methodology score (MCMS). Although all studies were Level IV, their mean MCMS score was 66.92 (SD, 8.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63.5-70.3), indicating fair quality. Because the heterogeneity of all subgroup meta-analyses was high, a random-effects model was used with estimations using the restricted maximum likelihood method. Results There was no difference in the proportion of Asian patients versus Western patients undergoing reoperation for any cause calculated as 100 component observed years (1.022 of 3152 Asian patients; 95% CI, 0.810-1.235 versus 1.300 of 5455 Western patients; 95% CI, 1.067-1.534; odds ratio, 0.7839; 95% CI, 0.5323-1.1545; p = 0.178). The mean reoperation rate attributable to bearing dislocation per 100 observed years was higher in Asian than in Western patients (0.525; 95% CI, 0.407-0.643 versus 0.141; 95% CI, 0.116-0.166; odds ratio, 3.7378; 95% CI, 1.694-8.248; p = 0.001) Conversely, the mean reoperation rate attributable to lateral knee OA per 100 observed years was lower in Asian than in Western patients (0.093; 95% CI, 0.070-0.115 versus 0.298; 95% CI, 0.217-0.379; odds ratio, 0.3114; 95% CI, 0.0986-0.9840; p Conclusions Although total reoperation rates did not differ in the two populations, reoperation for bearing dislocation was more likely to occur in Asian than in Western patients, whereas reoperation for lateral knee OA progression was more likely to occur in Western than in Asian patients after Oxford Phase III UKA. Although possible explanations for these findings may be hypothesized, additional randomized, prospective comparative studies are needed. However, better survival outcomes after UKA may require consideration of ethnicity and lifestyle choices in addition to traditional surgical technique and perioperative care. Level of evidence Level III, therapeutic study.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of virtual reality-based eccentric training on lower extremity muscle activity and balance in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty stroke patients participated, with 15 patients allotted to each of two eccentric training groups: one using a slow velocity (group I) and one using a fast velocity (group II). The virtual reality-based eccentric training was performed by the patients for 30 minutes once a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks using an Eccentron system. Surface electromyography was used to measure the lower extremity muscle activity, while a BioRescue was used to measure balancing ability. [Results] A significant difference in lower extremity muscle activation and balance ability was observed in group I compared with group II. [Conclusion] This study showed that virtual reality-based eccentric training using a slow velocity is effective for improving lower extremity muscle activity and balance in stroke patients.

[Purpose] This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. [Subjects and Methods] The study subjects were 138 children, aged 7–12, who suffer from cerebral palsy. Factors affecting subjects’ quality of life were evaluated using the ICF-CY; quality of life was evaluated using the KIDSCREEN 52 − Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was conducted. [Results] The factors related to physical functions that affect subjects’ quality of life were mental function, sensory function and pain, genitourinary and reproductive function, as well as neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions. Factors related to activities and participation were learning and applying knowledge, self-care, interpersonal interactions and relationships, major life areas, and community, social and civic life. Lastly, factors related to the environment were products and technology, natural environment and human made changes to environment, and attitude. [Conclusion] In order to improve the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy, the compound effects of several factors should be comprehensively considered without being limited to a specific variable from physical function. And children should be provided with ample opportunities to participate in diverse activities and their physical functions, as well as the environmental factors, should improve.

[Purpose] To present an efficient treatment regimen for patients with cervicogenic headache by comparatively analyzing the neck disability index (NDI) and cervical muscle activity after an exercise intervention. [Participants and Methods] Thirty patients with cervicogenic headache were assigned to the cranio-cervical flexion group (n=15) and cranio-cervical flexion plus transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) group (n=15). Intervention was administered for four weeks, after which the participants’ NDI and sternocleidomastoid muscle activity were measured. [Results] The treatment group demonstrated a significantly greater change in NDI after the intervention compared to the control group. The treatment group also showed a significantly greater change in sternocleidomastoid muscle activity than the control group. [Conclusion] Our results show that applying tDCS during cranio-cervical flexion exercise can strengthen the sternocleidomastoid muscle more effectively while improving pain and associated functions in patients with cervicogenic headache. These results would contribute towards developing a more efficient treatment for patients with cervicogenic headache.

This study was conducted in order to understand the correlation between professionalism, job satisfaction, and job performance of physical therapists Methods: Subjects included 148 physiotherapists. We conducted a questionnaire survey on professionalism, job satisfaction, and busi ness performance. We then performed a correlation analysis. Results: The highest `compliance of professional organization` in professionalism, the lowest `vocation awareness of the profession`. In job satisfaction, the highest satisfaction was reported for `supervisor`, and the lowest satisfaction for `duty`. Professionalism and job satisfac tion/job satisfaction and job performance showed a clear positive correlation, and professionalism and job performance showed a weak positive correlation. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that, in order to improve the job performance of the physical therapist, it is necessary to improve professionalism and job satisfaction. Physical therapists should improve their professionalism in order to improve job perfor mance. In addition, research to improve job satisfaction and job performance of the physical therapist should be continued.

The purpose of this study was to report clinical and radiologic results of arthroscopic biceps tenodesis with 1 suture anchor in rotator cuff tear patients.During a 2-year period, 84 consecutive patients (45 men; 39 women) who underwent arthroscopic tenodesis were evaluated retrospectively. Mean age was 58 years. The primary indication for surgery was rotator cuff tear in 96.4%. Tenodesis was performed with 1 suture anchor placed in the bicipital groove with 2 knots, 1 lasso-type and 1 that pierced the tendon. At final follow-up at a mean of 33.2 months, visual analog scale pain (pain-VAS) score, shoulder scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] and Constant score), Popeye deformity (PD), anterior arm pain, and elbow flexion power were evaluated. Postoperative magnetic resonance images were evaluated in 60 patients to determine the integrity of the tenodesis and the location of the suture anchor.The average pain-VAS decreased from 5.3 to 1.4 (P.001). ASES and Constant scores significantly increased, from 42.9 and 56.2 to 85.2 and 82.5, respectively. PD occurred in 11 patients (12.9%), and 2 (2.3%) had self-consciousness; however, no patients complained about the deformity and the PD did not correlate with poorer clinical scores. Six patients (7.1%) complained of anterior cramping pain. Elbow flexion power was similar compared with the contralateral side. In postoperative magnetic resonance imagine analysis, 15 patients (25%) showed distal migration of tenodesed biceps tendon, although only 6 (7.1%) had clinical PD. Postoperative clinical outcomes were not influenced by the location of the suture anchor within the bicipital groove.Arthroscopic biceps tenodesis with 1 suture anchor resulted in good clinical outcomes at 2 years postoperatively. PD was seen in 12.9% of the patients.

[Purpose] This study aimed to compare and analyze the mechanical properties of the upper cervical muscles in patients with cervicogenic headache to identify efficient methods of treatment and diagnosis. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 40 subjects including 20 healthy individuals and 20 patients with cervicogenic headache were selected. A MyotonPRO device was used to measure the tone (Hz), stiffness (N/m), and elasticity (log decrement) of the suboccipital muscles and upper trapezius of the subjects. [Results] There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the elasticity of the suboccipital muscles and upper trapezius. However, there was a statistically significant difference in tone and stiffness. [Conclusion] This study showed that the tone and stiffness of the suboccipital muscles and upper trapezius in patients with cervicogenic headache had increased compared to healthy subjects.

The toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome constituents to second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs of Meloidogyne incognita was examined in vitro and in container experiments. Results were compared with those of three nematicides: carbofuran, fosthiazate and metam sodium. Ethyl cinnamate (EC) and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EMC) were the nematicidal and hatch inhibitory principles. In direct-contact mortality bioassays, EC 0.037 mg ml–1) and EMC (0.041 mg ml–1) were more toxic than carbofuran (0.092 mg ml–1) but less toxic than fosthiazate (0.002 mg ml–1) towards J2 based upon 48 h LC50 values. EC and EMC treatments resulted in 100% and 93 and 81% inhibition of hatch at 125.0 and 62.5 μg ml–1, respectively. Inhibition of these compounds was higher than carbofuran and metam sodium but significantly lower than fosthiazate. In contact +fumigant mortality bioassays with J2, EC and EMC applied at 0.25 and 0.125 mg (g soil)–1resulted in 81 and 80% and 77 and 73% mortality, respectively, while carbofuran and metam sodium treatments resulted in 86 and 96% and 57 and 73% mortality, respectively. Fosthiazate resulted in 92% mortality at 0.063 mg (g soil)–1. In vapour-phase mortality bioassays with J2, EC and EMC were more effective in a closed container than in an open one, indicating that mode of delivery was, in part, a result of vapour action. Global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic nematicides in the agricultural environment justify further studies on K. galanga rhizome-derived materials, particularly ethyl cinnamate and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, as potential nematicides and hatching inhibitors for the control of M. incognita as fumigants with contact action.

Abstract The toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome-derived methanol extract (RME), powder (RP) and steam distillate (RSD) to Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs, and their effects on Lycopersicon esculentum germination and growth were examined in vitro and in pot experiments. Results were compared with those of three nematicides: carbofuran, fosthiazate and metam sodium. In contact + fumigant bioassays with J2, RME applied at 1, 0.5 and 0.25 mg (g soil)–1 resulted in 92, 88 and 73% mortality, respectively. The lethality of RME was almost the same as carbofuran but lower than that of either fosthiazate or metam sodium. RSD and RP were less active than RME. In vapour-phase mortality bioassays with J2, the test materials were more effective in a closed container than in an open one, indicating that mode of delivery was, in part, a result of vapour action. In direct-contact mortality bioassays with M. incognita eggs, RME, RSD and fosthiazate treatments resulted in 91, 100 and 95% inhibition of hatch at 250 μg ml–1 and 82, 88 and 81% inhibition of hatch at 100 μg ml–1, respectively. In filter paper bioassays with L. esculentum seed, 8.8 μg cm–2 RME and RP did not cause germination inhibition, while RSD and fosthiazate treatments resulted in 84 and 13% germination inhibition. In pot tests, RME and RSD applied at 8 mg (g soil)–1 reduced galling caused by M. incognita significantly, and fosthiazate at 0.02 mg (g soil)–1 stopped galling completely. Kaempferia galanga rhizome-derived materials, particularly a methanol extract, merit further study as potential nematicides and hatching inhibitors for the control of M. incognita as fumigants with contact action.

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus vulnus) and pin nematode (Paratylenchus sp.) were detected with high population density at the spray chrysanthemum greenhouse in Gumi, Gyeongbuk. The average density of P. vulnus and Paratylenchus sp. was 667 and 716 nematodes per 100 g soil and P. vulnus density were distributed 87% to the depth of cm in greenhouse. When spray chrysanthemum cv Chopin, was transplanted in September 2004 in greenhouse, P. vulnus were 854 nematodes/100 g soil in planting and increased 14,985 nematodes/100 g soils and 1g root after 10 weeks in harvest. Shoot weight and shoot height of spray chrysanthemum decreased 24.8% and 8.0% compared with non-infested P. vulnus after 10 weeks in greenhouse.

[Purpose] The aims of this study were to determine (1) the significance of walking and foot pressure in stroke patients, and (2) the association between changes in postural alignment of stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Foot pressure and walking ability based on postural alignment were measured in 50 stroke patients. Trunk imbalance, trunk rotation, pelvic tilt, kyphosis, lordosis were measured using DIERS formetric4D (DIERS International GmbH, Schlangenbad, Germany), which anlalyzes 3-dimensional spinal structure in order to measure postural alignment. To determine foot pressure, the support rate of weight and, average foot pressure were measured using DIERS pedoscan (DIERS International GmbH, Schlangenbad, Germany) apparatus as a pressure platform. [Results] DIERS formetric 4D, DIERS pedoscan, and a 10 m walking test were utilized to measure foot pressure and walking ability relative to changes in postural alignment in participating stroke patients. [Conclusion] This study confirmed the significance of foot pressure and walking ability as related postural alignment, indicating that postural alignment education and a recovery therapy program for functional improvement of stroke patients should be provided together.

목적: 예전에 보고하였던 국내 최초로 개발된 인공 고관절인 COREN hip system (COREN, Corentec, Seoul, Korea)을 이용한 무시멘트 고관절 전치환술의 추시 결과를 연장하여 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2003년 7월부터 2004년 3월까지 COREN hip system을 이용한 무시멘트 고관절 전치환술을 시행받았고 7년 이상의 추시가 가능하였던 52명(63예)을 대상으로 임상적, 방사선학적 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: Harris 고관절 점수는 수술 전 평균 48.1점에서 수술 후 마지막 추시 96.4점으로 향상되었고, WOMAC 점수는 수술 전 평균 54.7점에서 수술 후 마지막 추시 22.1점으로 향상되었다. 모든 고관절에서 술 후 안정된 골성 고정 소견을 보였으며, 골용해나 삽입물의 해리를 보인 예는 없었다. 추시 기 간 중 재치환술이 필요한 예는 없었으며, 한 예에서 술 후 4.7년에 치환물 주위 골절로 재수술을 시행 하였다. 결론: COREN hip System을 이용한 무시멘트 고관절 전치환술의 7년 이상 추시에서 만족할만한 임상적, 방사선학적 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.