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Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has various characteristics according to anatomical, histologic classifications, and its prognoses are different. This study aimed to compare oncologic outcomes according to tumor location (second bile duct confluence) and evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy.Clinical data of 318 patients who underwent curative resection for ICC was reviewed. Central type ICC (C-ICC) and peripheral type ICC (P-ICC) were defined when the tumor invades the intrahepatic secondary biliary confluence and when located more peripherally, respectively.A larger tumor size, higher rate of elevated CA 19-9 level, vascular invasion, R1 resection, advanced T stage, and lymph node metastasis were found in C-ICC. C-ICC had poorer overall survival (median, 33 monthsC-ICC has more aggressive tumor characteristics and poor survival compared to P-ICC. Adjuvant chemotherapy seems to have survival benefits in the advanced stages, especially in the central type.

Introduction/Background BRCA1 expression can be lost by a variety of mechanisms including germline or somatic mutation and promotor hypermethylation. Given the potential importance of BRCA1 loss as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in several cancers, we investigated immunohistochemistry (IHC) of BRCA1 in cervical cancer and their possible prognostic relevance. Methodology Seventy patients with cervical cancer were enrolled in this study. Samples from each tumor were stained for BRCA1 and reviewed independently by gynecologic pathologists blinded to BRCA status. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival (OS), and the log-rank test was used to assess differences between groups. Gene lists obtained from microarray analysis were analyzed for Gene Ontology enrichment using DAVID tools. Results BRCA1 IHC was positive in 62.9% (44/70) of cases. IHC staining confirmed expression of BRCA1 in patients with better OS (p=0.028). Genomic profiling of the tumors showed specific alterations associated to BRCA1 expression in the tumors, affecting relevant cellular processes. Alteration of SNORD8, PGK1, CCR6 and COL1A2 gene signatures was identified to be associated with survival outcomes of patients. Conclusion These results support the fact that BRCA1 IHC expression in cervical cancer is associated with survival. In addition, the identification of specific alterations in cervical cancer associated with BRCA1 protein expression would help to provide individualized prediction in these patients. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.

Introduction/Background To investigate significance of PFS as optimal surrogate endpoint for OS, and the differences in correlation of PFS and OS by different clinical variables in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Methodology The clinical records of 1134 EOC patients treated at Samsung Medical Center between 2002 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the surrogacy of progression-free survival (PFS) for overall survival (OS) by clinical variables. Correlation analyses with all pair-wise comparison were performed to assess the association of PFS and OS for each clinical variable. After multivariate analysis for PFS and OS, scatter plot with hazard ratio (HR) (with 95% CI) of PFS and OS were drawn for clinical variables. Results Of the 1134 EOC patients, 611 (53.9%) experienced relapse and a further 417 (36.8%) died within a median follow-up period of 47 months (range, 3–177 months). For entire cohort, there is a significant linear correlation between PFS and OS (p-value Conclusion The treatment effect on OS is largely predictable according to that on PFS in EOC, especially for patients with early stage, low grade, non-serous, no residual disease, without lymph node metastasis. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.

Introduction Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) exhibits a variety of morphologic and histologic growth pattern, and its treatment and prognosis are known to vary depending on the location and extent of tumor. This study aims to compare the clinical data according to the tumor location in ICC and to verify the current staging system used in ICC. Methods 302 patients who underwent curative resection were reviewed. Central type ICC (C-ICC) was defined when the tumor had an invasion of intrahepatic secondary confluence or segmental branches of the bile duct and peripheral type ICC (P-ICC) when the tumor was located more peripherally. Clinicopathologic characteristics, oncological outcomes, and prognostic stratification of the AJCC 8th staging system were assessed. Results Among 302 patients, 123 were classified as C-ICC and 179 as P-ICC. Bigger tumor size, higher rate of elevated CA19-9 level, vascular invasion, periductal invasion type, R1 rate, and advanced T stage was found in C-ICC. Five-year overall survival rates were 34.0% for C-ICC and 47.5% for P-ICC (p = 0.005). A significant difference in disease-free survival was seen as well (p = 0.036). The prognostic utility of ICC T stage was assessed in N0 C-ICC but failed to stratify T2, T3, and T4 tumors (median survival; T2: 37 m. T3: 34 m. T4: 33 m. p = 0.591). When applying the perihilar cholangiocarcinoma staging system (p < 0.001), stratification was improved and similar results were also seen in the overall staging. Conclusions C-ICC has a worse aggressive clinical course compared to P-ICC. The perihilar cholangiocarcinoma cancer staging system is better than ICC staging to stratify the prognosis of C-ICC.

Background: Panax ginseng (i.e., ginseng) root is extensively used in traditional oriental medicine. It is a modern pharmaceutical reagent for preventing various human diseases such as cancer. Ginsenosides—the major active components of ginseng—exhibit immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanism and function underlying such effects are not fully elucidated, especially in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Methods: We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng root on CD14+ monocytes purified from human adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and on their differentiation into DCs that affect CD4+ T cell activity. Results: After treatment with ginsenoside fractions, monocyte levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 increased through phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). After treatment with ginsenoside fractions, TNF-α production and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitized monocytes. We confirmed that DCs derived from CD14+ monocytes in the presence of ginsenoside fractions (Gin-DCs) contained decreased levels of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. The expression of these costimulatory molecules decreased in LPS-treated DCs exposed to ginsenoside fractions, compared to their expression in LPS-treated DCs in the absence of ginsenoside fractions. Furthermore, LPS-treated Gin-DCs could not induce proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production by CD4+ T cells with the coculture of Gin-DCs with CD4+ T cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that ginsenoside fractions from the ginseng root suppress cytokine production and maturation of LPS-treated DCs and downregulate CD4+ T cells.

We make several membranes with multilayer structure and characterize protective performance in various ways. Multilayer membrane is composed of shell fabric, support membrane, functional polymer membrane and liner fabric. In this research, we apply cellulose acetate derivatives as base polymer in functional polymer membrane and characterize water resistance, water vapor permeation, protective performance against DMMP and aerosol. Test results show that cellulose based polymer with polyethyleneimine possess performance with good water vapor permeation and excellent protective capability against DMMP equivalent to Saratoga type’s protective suits. Also, these materials possess aerosol protective performance and water resistance.Keywords : Selectively Permeable Membrane(선택투과성막), Protection Performance(방호성능), Water Resistance(수분 저항성)

Efficient synthetic routes were developed to prepare a sizable amount (4-15 grams) of the chiral epoxides 4-6 as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of aspartyl protease inhibitors of therapeutic interest such as HIV protease and β-secretase. Oxidative cleavage of the C(2)-C(3) double bond of L-ascorbic acid followed by functional group manipulation led to the preparation of the epoxide 10, which was opened with an azide to yield a common aziridine intermediate 12. Through opening of the aziridine ring of 12 with either a carbon or a sulfur nucleophile, chiral epoxide precursors 4-6 could be prepared for various HIV protease inhibitors. Except for the final low melting epoxides 5 and 6, all intermediates were obtained as crystalline solids, thus the synthetic pathway can be easily applied to a large-scale synthesis of the chiral epoxides.

The selection factors of the protective clothing against the NBC agents are the protection(chemical, biological, TIMs), duration, weight/comfort, dexterity/mobility, size, visibility, cleaning and unit cost, etc. To develop the NBC protective clothing, we should need to review about the design concepts of the protective materials(shell and liner fabric) and form. This paper identify an important factors for the protective materials and form, and presents design strategies for important factors based on the evaluation results of the materials and the form.

A copolymer of 5-((2-trimethylsilyl-2-propyl)oxycarbonyl)-norbornene and maleic anhydride) was synthesized and evaluated as a chemically amplified resist for ArF lithography. The polymer has excellent transmittance at 193 nm and possesses good thermal stability up to 195°C, whereas in the presence of an acid the cleavage of the 2-trimethylsilyl-2-propyl ester group begins at 76°C in a catalytic manner. The 0.18 μm line and space patterns were obtained at a dose of 10 mJ cm−2 using an ArF excimer laser stepper.

A copolymer of t -butyl-3α-(5-norbornene-2-carbonyloxy)-7α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate and maleic anhydride was synthesized as a matrix polymer for ArF excimer laser lithography. The polymer has an excellent transmittance at 193 nm and possesses good thermal stability up to 255°C. The resist formulated with the polymer showed better dry-etching resistance than the conventional KrF excimer laser resist for chlorine and oxygen mixed gas. A 0.15 μm line and space patterns were obtained at a dose of 18 mJ cm −2 using an ArF excimer laser stepper.

[reaction: see text] Chiral aziridine derivative 1 was prepared from D-tartaric acid. This compound could be utilized as a common intermediate for the synthesis of hydroxyethylamine class HIV protease inhibitors such as saquinavir, amprenavir, or nelfinavir.

Chiral aziridine derivative 1 was prepared from d-tartaric acid. This compound could be utilized as a common intermediate for the synthesis of hydroxyethylamine class HIV protease inhibitors such as saquinavir, amprenavir, or nelfinavir.

Objectives. The goal of this study was to identify cytokines that may predict high-risk HPV clearance or persistence in untreated patients with mild dysplasia or less of the uterine cervix. Methods. A prospective analysis was performed on 57 patients who harbored high-risk HPV with histologically verified mild dysplasia or less between May 2005 and March 2006. All patients underwent follow-up evaluation at 12 months. Real-time PCR was used to quantify interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) transcripts. Hybrid Capture II testing was used to detect HPV DNA. Results. Among the 57 patients that were untreated with mild dysplasia, or less, 46 (80.7%) had no detectable HPV after 12 months of follow-up. Univariate analysis showed that a negative HPV test, of untreated mild dysplasia or less, occurred in 93.3% (28/30) of patients who were IFN-γ-positive and in 66.7% (18/27) of patients who were IFN-γ-negative ( P =0.0109). Other factors such as age, lesion grade in the colposcopic biopsy, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, day of menstrual cycle, smoking, and use of oral contraceptives were not significantly associated with high-risk HPV negative or positive results after 12-months of follow-up in patients with untreated mild dysplasia or less. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only IFN-γ-positive results were significantly associated with clearance of high-risk HPV after 12 months of follow-up (OR: 8.26; 95% CI: 1.24–54.94). Conclusions. These results suggest that intralesional IFN-γ may be a prognostic marker for clearance of high-risk HPV.

In order to develop a new series of chemically amplified photoresists for 193-nm lithography, norbornene substituted with a steroid derivative was copolymerized with maleic anhydride by free radical polymerization. The resulting polymers have excellent transmittance at 193 nm and possess good thermal stability up to 260 degrees C. The resist formulated with the polymers showed better dry-etching resistance than the conventional poly(hydroxystyrene) resist for Cl2/O2 plasma. With the standard developer, the resists from 0.15-0.20 micrometers patterns at doses of 5-18 mJ/cm2 using an ArF excimer laser stepper.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of loop electrosurgical excision procedure which can be done safely and efficiently in the out-patient setting for the diagnosis and treatment of uterine cervical dysplasia. Materials and methods: Retrospective review of 42 patients with the uterine cervical dysplasia who underwent LEEP at the Department of Ob & Gyn in Korea University Ansan Hospital from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2000. The diagnostic accuracy among cytology, punch biopsy, and LEEP was investigated. Also, we interpreted margin status relation to residual tumor after conization and hysterectomy. We used the hybrid capture Ⅱ test, with the Digene Cervical Sampler(Digene Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA), for high risk HPV DNA(HPV 16, 18 subtype) detection. Results: Cervical cytologic results were underestimated 52.4% in LSIL, but there was no case overestimated. HSIL group revealed 42.9%, 57.1% in severe dysplasia and CIS respectively. Punch biopsy was revealed accuracy with LEEP in 76.2%, but underestimated in 16.7% and overestimated in 7.1%. HPV DNA were positive in 15.4% of mild dysplasia, 25% in moderate dysplasia and 75%, 88.9% in severe dysplasia and CIS respectively. 11.9% of participants showed positive resection margins after LEEP. All subjects included low abdominal discomfort among their complications. But there was no serious complication. Conclusion: LEEP seems to be an effective method of diagnosis and treatment of cervical dysplasia based on cytology and colposcopically directed biopsy.

Reactions des alkylamino-2 pyridine, -thiazole et -methoxy-6 benzothiazole avec l'isocyanate de chlorosulfuryle ou le N-chlorosulfonyl carbamate de perchlorophenyle en presence de diisopropyl ethyl amine: synthese de dioxyde-4,4 de benzyl-1 pyrido [1,2-b] thiatriazine-1,2,4,6one-2 mesoionique, des dioxydes-2,2(4,4) d'alkyl-1 thiazolo [2,3-c] thiatriazine-1,2,4,6ones-4(2) mesoioniques et de dioxyde-3,3 d'ethyl-4 methoxy-7 thiatriazino-1,2,4,6 [3,4-b] benzothiazolone-1 mesoionique