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3. Comparative Study of Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocols

Author

Jadhav, Savita, Panpaliya, Ishwar, Jadhav, Sangeeta, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Sivasubramanian, A., editor, Shastry, Prasad N., editor, and Hong, Pua Chang, editor

Published
2022
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9. Molecular characterization of typing and subtyping of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome SCCmec types I to V in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical isolates from COVID-19 patients

Author

Jadhav, Vivekanand, primary, Bhakare, Meenakshi, additional, Paul, Arundhuti, additional, Deshpande, Sumedh, additional, Mishra, Madhusmita, additional, Apte-Deshpande, Anjali, additional, Gupta, Neetu, additional, and Jadhav, Savita V, additional

Published
2023
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12. Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with Special Reference to Carbapenemases: A Systematic Review

Author

Gupta,Neetu, Angadi,Kalpana, and Jadhav,Savita

Subjects
Infection and Drug Resistance
Abstract

Neetu Gupta, Kalpana Angadi, Savita Jadhav Department of Microbiology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women (SMCW) & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre (SUHRC), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, IndiaCorrespondence: Savita Jadhav, Department of Microbiology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women (SMCW) & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre (SUHRC), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, India, Tel +919284434364, Email Savita.jadhav@smcw.siu.edu.inAbstract: Carbapenemases are β-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze a variety of β-lactams including carbapenem and belong to different Ambler classes (A, B, D). These enzymes can be encoded by plasmid or chromosomal-mediated genes. The major issues associated with carbapenemases-producing organisms are compromising the activity and increasing the resistance to carbapenems which are the last resort antibiotics used in treating serious infections. The global increase of pathogen, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii has significantly threatened public health. Thus, there is a pressing need for a better understanding of this pathogen, to know the various carbapenem resistance encoding genes and dissemination of resistance genes from A. baumannii which help in developing strategies to overcome this problem. The horizontal transfer of resistant determinants through mobile genetic elements increases the incidence of multidrug, extensive drug, and Pan-drug resistant A. baumannii. Therefore, the current review aims to know the various mechanisms of carbapenem resistance, categorize and discuss carbapenemases encoding genes and various mobile genetic elements, and the prevalence of carbapenemase genes in recent years in A. baumannii from various geographical regions.Keywords: carbapenemases, multidrug-resistance, metallo-β-lactamases, oxacillinases

Published
2022

14. Quality Assurance with Reference Quality Control Strains in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Need for Quality Antimicrobial-Resistant Research [Letter]

Author

Angadi,Kalpana M, Jadhav,Vivekanand B, Jadhav,Savita V, Angadi,Kalpana M, Jadhav,Vivekanand B, and Jadhav,Savita V

Abstract

Kalpana M Angadi,1 Vivekanand B Jadhav,2 Savita V Jadhav1 1Symbiosis Medical College for Women (SMCW) & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre (SUHRC), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India; 2Dr. Naidu Infectious Diseases Hospital, Pune Municipal Corporation Pune Maharashtra, Pune, IndiaCorrespondence: Savita V Jadhav, Email savita.jadhav@smcw.siu.edu.in View the original paper by Mr Alelign and colleagues

Published
2022

15. Berberine: Best Alternative Medicine Insight Abating Global Challenges for Treatment of MRSA Infections [Letter]

Author

Jadhav,Savita, Jadhav,Vivekanand, Angadi,Kalpana, Jadhav,Savita, Jadhav,Vivekanand, and Angadi,Kalpana

Abstract

Savita Jadhav,1 Vivekanand Jadhav,2 Kalpana Angadi1 1Symbiosis Medical College for Women (SMCW) & Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre (SUHRC), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, India; 2Dr. Naidu Infectious Diseases Hospital, Pune Municipal Corporation, Pune Maharashtra, IndiaCorrespondence: Kalpana Angadi, Email Kalpana.angadi@smcw.siu.edu.in View the original paper by Mr Xia and colleaguesA Response to Letter has been published for this article.

Published
2022

18. KFOA: K-mean Clustering, Firefly Based Data Rate Optimization and ACO Routing for Congestion Control in WSN.

Author

Jadhav, Savita Sandeep and Jadhav, Sangeeta

Subjects
*WIRELESS sensor networks, *DETECTORS, *SWARM intelligence, *DATA transmission systems, *ENERGY dissipation
Abstract

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is assortment of sensor nodes proficient in environmental information sensing, refining it and transmitting it to base station in sovereign manner. The minute sensors communicate themselves to sense and monitor the environment. The main challenges are limited power, short communication range, low bandwidth and limited processing. The power source of these sensor nodes are the main hurdle in design of energy efficient network. The main objective of the proposed clustering and data transmission algorithm is to augment network performance by using swarm intelligence approach. This technique is based on K-mean based clustering, data rate optimization using firefly optimization algorithm and Ant colony optimization based data forwarding. The KFOA is divided in three parts: (1) Clustering of sensor nodes using K-mean technique and (2) data rate optimization for controlling congestion and (3) using shortest path for data transmission based on Ant colony optimization (ACO) technique. The performance is analyzed based on two scenarios as with rate optimization and without rate optimization. The first scenario consists of two operations as kmean clustering and ACO based routing. The second scenario consists of three operations as mentioned in KFOA. The performance is evaluated in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, energy dissipation and residual energy analysis. The simulation results show improvement in performance by using with rate optimization technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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22. Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mecA and Concomitant Panton-valentine Leukocidine in Clinical Isolates of Community acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Author

Jadhav, Savita V., Desai, Deepali S., Mirza, Shahzad Beg, Apte-Deshpande, Anjali D., and Deshpande, Sumedh

Subjects
*METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus, *MICROCOCCACEAE, *SOFT tissue infections, *URINARY tract infections, *CHROMOSOMES, *INFECTIOUS arthritis
Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) remains, to date, one of the major causes of both Healthcare Associated (HA) and Community Associated (CA) infections. S. aureus causes a variety of infections, ranging from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTI) to life threatening endocarditis. Healthcare Associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and Communityassociated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have been increasingly reported from India. Efficacious dissemination of the complex and heterologous Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome (SCC) mec elements necessitate to detect its SCC mec typing. Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin produced by S. aureus associated CA infections of S. aureus. Aim and Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of HA-MRSA and CAMRSA in tertiary care hospital and to analyse the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections with mec A gene and PVL gene-positive strains and to compare with those for PVL gene-negative strains. Material and Methods: Isolation and identification has been done by standard conventional methods. Results: A total of 400 MRSA; 107 (26.75%) MRSA were from blood sample of Body Substance Isolation (BSI) and endocarditis 81(20.25%) were from osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, 97(24.25%) were from skin and soft tissue infections, 62(15.5%) were from pneumonia, 45(11.25%) were from Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Of the total 400 MRSA strains; 183(45.75%) strains were isolated from paediatric and neonatal age group. All MRSA strians were susceptible to tigecycline and vancomycin. 95.5% strains were susceptible to linezolid. Of the total MRSA;40.5% strains were susceptible for clindamycin and all strains isolated from SSTIs were susceptible clindamycin. MRSA strains 248(62%) were resistant to tetracycline. 75.25% and 42.75% MRSA strains were defined as CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA respectively by clinical criteria: CDC epidemiologic definitions.76% (41/54) of patient isolates had presence of both the genes in the genome whereas 16% had only mecA gene. Small percent of isolates (5.5%) did not have both the genes on the genome. Conclusion: Our laboratory analysis of MRSA isolates indicated a high number of PVL-positive CA-MRSA isolates, carrying a novel mecA gene. The co-occurrence of multidrug-resistant MRSA and PVL-positive CA-MRSA highlights the risk for the emergence of a multidrug-resistant PVLpositive MRSA clone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

31. The Microbial Colonization Profile of Respiratory Devices and the Significance of the Role of Disinfection: A Blinded Study

Author

Jadhav, Savita, Sahasrabudhe, Tushar, Kalley, Vipul, and Gandham, Nageswari

Subjects
microbial colonization, respiratory devices, lcsh:R, aspergillus fumigates, lcsh:Medicine, Original Article, acinetobacter spp
Abstract

Introduction: Approximately 10-40% of all the nosocomial infections are pulmonary, which lead to grave complications. Elderly, debilitated, or critically ill patients are at a high risk. The respiratory care equipments which include ventilators, humidifiers, nebulizers may have been identified as the potential vehicles which cause major nosocomial infections if they are colonized by fungi or bacteria. Aim: To determine the rate of colonization by bacteria and fungi of the oxygen humidifier chambers of the portable cylinders and central lines at our hospital. The Hudson’s chambers of nebulizers were also studied for the same. Methods: Swab samples were obtained from the equipments by using sterile cotton swabs on a tuesday, as these chambers were usually cleaned on every Saturday. Spot samples were taken from the ICUs, wards, the casualty and OPDs on a single day. Air samples were also obtained on the same day to determine whether the fungal spore load in the inhaled room air was normal or high. We performed a disinfection with 70% ethanol after cleaning these devices. Results: 53/70 (75.71%) samples showed fungal growth; out of which, 23/33 (69.70%) were from the ICU, 24/30(80%) were from the wards and 6/7 (85.71%) were from the OPDs. 23/30 (76.66%) swabs from the central line humidifiers, 18/23(78.26%) swabs from the O2 cylinder humidifiers and 8/17 (47.5%) swabs from the nebulizers grew bacteria. Of the total 61(87.14%) bacterial isolates, 42(68.85%) were gram negative bacteria and 19(31.14%) were gram positive cocci. Out of the 42 gram negative bacteria, 17 were multi-drug resistant like ESBL producers ie. Pseudomonas spp. (6) Acinetobacter spp. (4), Klebseilla pneumoniae (4), E.coli (2) and Stenotrophomonas maltophila (1). Our findings (before disinfection) showed that the colonization rate for fungi was 75% and that for bacteria, it was 87%. After the 70% ethanol disinfection and strict compliance with the hand hygiene, the colonization rates reduced significantly. The fungal colonization rate was reduced and only 15% fungi grew after the disinfection, while only 12% bacterial colonization rate was found. Conclusion: This study indicates a potential in-hospital source of allergens and infections. The oxygen and nebulizer chambers need to be cleaned more frequently with disinfectants, to control the possible nosocomial infections.

Published
2013

32. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Globally Dominant ST131 Clone with Other Epidemiologically Successful Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) Lineages

Author

Shaik, Sabiha, primary, Ranjan, Amit, additional, Tiwari, Sumeet K., additional, Hussain, Arif, additional, Nandanwar, Nishant, additional, Kumar, Narender, additional, Jadhav, Savita, additional, Semmler, Torsten, additional, Baddam, Ramani, additional, Islam, Mohammed Aminul, additional, Alam, Munirul, additional, Wieler, Lothar H., additional, Watanabe, Haruo, additional, and Ahmed, Niyaz, additional

Published
2017
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34. Molecular Epidemiology and Genome Dynamics of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains from India

Author

Ranjan, Amit, primary, Shaik, Sabiha, additional, Mondal, Agnismita, additional, Nandanwar, Nishant, additional, Hussain, Arif, additional, Semmler, Torsten, additional, Kumar, Narender, additional, Tiwari, Sumeet K., additional, Jadhav, Savita, additional, Wieler, Lothar H., additional, and Ahmed, Niyaz, additional

Published
2016
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35. Sepsis 2016 Agra, India

Author

Sharma, Surinder Kumar, primary, Rohatgi, Anurag, additional, Bajaj, Mansi, additional, Sprung, Charles L., additional, Morales, Ricardo Calderon, additional, Kasdan, Harvey, additional, Reiter, Allon, additional, Volker, Tobias, additional, Meissonnier, Julien, additional, Beloborodova, Natalia, additional, Moroz, Viktor, additional, Bedova, Aleksandra, additional, Sarshor, Yulia, additional, Osipov, Artem, additional, Chernevskaya, Katerina, additional, Fedotcheva, Nadezhda, additional, Chernevskaya, Ekaterina, additional, Imahase, Hisashi, additional, Yamada, Kosuke C., additional, Sakamoto, Yuichiro, additional, Ohta, Miho, additional, Sakurai, Ryota, additional, Yahata, Mayuko, additional, Umeka, Mitsuru, additional, Miike, Toru, additional, Koami, Hiroyuki, additional, Nagashima, Futoshi, additional, Iwamura, Takashi, additional, Inoue, Satoshi, additional, Li, Zhifeng, additional, Grech, Dennis, additional, Morcillo, Patrick, additional, Bekker, Alex, additional, Ulloa, Luis, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Samanwoy, additional, Pandey, Abhay D., additional, Bhattacharjee, Samsiddhi, additional, Mohapatra, Saroj K., additional, Wilson, Julie K., additional, Jadhav, Savita, additional, Misra, Rabindra Nath, additional, Gandham, Nageswari, additional, Angadi, Kalpana, additional, Vywahare, Chanda, additional, Gupta, Neetu, additional, Desai, Deepali, additional, Bakochi, Anahita, additional, Mohanty, Tirthankar, additional, Linder, Adam, additional, Malmström, Johan, additional, Anand, Dimple, additional, Bhargava, Seema, additional, Srivastava, Lalit Mohan, additional, Ray, Sumit, additional, Fisher, Jane, additional, Bentzer, Peter, additional, da Costa, Luis Henrique Angenendt, additional, dos Santos Júnior, Nilton Nascimentos, additional, Catalão, Carlos Henrique Rocha, additional, da Rocha, Maria José Alves, additional, Focà, Alfredo, additional, Peronace, Cinzia, additional, Matera, Giovanni, additional, Giancotti, Aida, additional, Barreca, Giorgio Settimo, additional, Quirino, Angela, additional, Loria, Maria Teresa, additional, Settembre, Pio, additional, Liberto, Maria Carla, additional, Amantea, Bruno, additional, Hartog, Christiane, additional, Moeller, Claudia, additional, Fleischmann, Carolin, additional, Thomas-Rueddel, Daniel, additional, Vlasakov, Vlasislav, additional, Rochwerg, Bram, additional, Theurer, Philip, additional, Reinhart, Konrad, additional, Smith, Anna E., additional, Taylor, Sandra D., additional, Da Costa, Christopher, additional, Radford, Amanda, additional, Lee, Terry, additional, Singer, Joel, additional, Boyd, John, additional, Fineberg, David, additional, Williams, Mark, additional, and Russell, James A., additional

Published
2016
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42. Candidemia: Speciation and Antifungal susceptibility testing from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Maharashtra, India.

Author

Gandham, Nageswari Rajesh, Vyawahare, Chanda Ratnakar, Jadhav, Savita Vivek, and Misra, Rabindra Nath

Subjects
CANDIDEMIA, DIAGNOSIS, MYCOSES, DISEASE risk factors, TERTIARY care, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Introduction: Invasive fungal infections are an important nosocomial health problem, candidal infections being the most common. Candidal bloodstream infections (BSIs) account for one fourth of the nosocomial BSIs. Candida albicans once the most common has now been replaced by nonalbicans Candida, accounting for majority of cases of candidal infections. The knowledge and understanding of specific risk factors, epidemiology, prophylactic measures, and outcomes with relation to speciation are changing rapidly. Emergence of antifungal resistance is a cause of concern. With this background, a prospective study was undertaken. Aims and Objectives: To isolate Candida spp. from blood cultures of patients with clinically diagnosed or suspected septicemia; to identify and speciate Candida isolates and carry out the antifungal susceptibility test; to determine incidence of candidemia; to find out the crude mortality rate in candidemia patients. Materials and Methods: Blood cultures received in the Department of Microbiology from various critical care units over a 1 year period were included in this study. Samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and routine bacteriological cultures. Speciation of suspected Candida growth was done by conventional and automated system. Results: A total of 225 out of 839 blood cultures were culture positive. A total of 196 were bacterial pathogens. Candida spp. were isolated in 29 samples. These included 10 cases of Candida tropicalis, 8 Candida parapsilosis, and three cases each of C. albicans and Candida krusei. Fluconazole resistance was seen (minimum inhibitory concentration ⩾64 μg/ml) in 4 isolates, 2 of C. krusei and 2 of Candida haemulonii. Incidence of candidemia was 3.46%. Crude mortality rate in the present study was 24%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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43. Multiresistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a Region in India Where Urinary Tract Infections Are Endemic: Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Sequence Type 131 Isolates of the CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Lineage

Author

Hussain, Arif, primary, Ewers, Christa, additional, Nandanwar, Nishant, additional, Guenther, Sebastian, additional, Jadhav, Savita, additional, Wieler, Lothar H., additional, and Ahmed, Niyaz, additional

Published
2012
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47. Occurrence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in critical care units.

Author

Vyawahare, Chanda R., Gandham, Nageswari R., Misra, Rabindra Nath, Jadhav, Savita V., Gupta, Neetu S., and Angadi, Kalpana M.

Subjects
URINARY tract infections, INTENSIVE care units, NOSOCOMIAL infections, DIABETES, EPIDIDYMITIS
Abstract

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common nosocomial infection. The etiological agents of which may be varied. Advancing age, debilitation, diabetes mellitus, duration of catheterization are the risk factors. Complications include prostatitis, epididymitis, cystitis, pyelonephritis and septicemia in high-risk patients, adding to hospitalization and morbidity. With this background the present study was undertaken Objectives: (1) To identify microbial pathogens associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) in catheterized patients from Intensive Care Units (ICU) (2) to determine the susceptibility pattern of these isolates to antimicrobial agents (3) to determine the effect of days of catheterization and UTI. Materials and Methods: Consecutive urine samples of 345 catheterized patients admitted in ICUs were included in the study. They were processed by standard microbiological procedures. Isolated organisms were speciated, and antibiotic susceptibility performed as per standard guidelines. Results: From the 345 urine samples of catheterized patients, 205 showed no growth and were found to be sterile. Bacterial growth was seen in 69 patients and fungal growth in 50 patients. Among the bacterial isolates, Escherichia coli were isolated in 39, followed by Klebsiella spp. 14. The other isolates included Pseudomonas spp., Group D streptococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In the fungal isolates, Candida glabrata was the most common isolate. High resistance was seen among Klebsiella isolates (nalidixic acid-86% and cefotaxime-86%). Conclusion: Development of CAUTI is common in critically ill patients. Emphasis should be placed on good catheter management and reducing the duration of catheterization rather than prophylaxis in order to reduce the incidence of catheter-related UTI. Culture and susceptibility testing play a vital role in the management if UTI occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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48. Molecular Epidemiology and Genome Dynamics of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coliStrains from India

Author

Ranjan, Amit, Shaik, Sabiha, Mondal, Agnismita, Nandanwar, Nishant, Hussain, Arif, Semmler, Torsten, Kumar, Narender, Tiwari, Sumeet K., Jadhav, Savita, Wieler, Lothar H., and Ahmed, Niyaz

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe global dissemination and increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative organisms have resulted in acute public health concerns. Here, we present a retrospective multicenter study on molecular characterization of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing clinical Escherichia coliisolates recovered from extraintestinal infections in two hospitals in Pune, India. We screened a large sample size of 510 E. coliisolates for MBL production wherein we profiled their molecular determinants, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, functional virulence properties, genomic features, and transmission dynamics. Approximately 8% of these isolates were MBL producers, the majority of which were of the NDM-1 (69%) type, followed by NDM-5 (19%), NDM-4 (5.5%), and NDM-7 (5.5%). MBL producers were resistant to all antibiotics tested except for colistin, fosfomycin, and chloramphenicol, which were effective to various extents. Plasmids were found to be an effective means of dissemination of NDM genes and other resistance traits. All MBL producers adhered to and invaded bladder epithelial (T24) cells and demonstrated significant serum resistance. Genomic analysis of MBL-producing E. coliisolates revealed higher resistance but a moderate virulence gene repertoire. A subset of NDM-1-positive E. coliisolates was identified as dominant sequence type 101 (ST101) while two strains belonging to ST167 and ST405 harbored NDM-5. A majority of MBL-producing E. colistrains revealed unique genotypes, suggesting that they were clonally unrelated. Overall, the coexistence of virulence and carbapenem resistance in clinical E. coliisolates is of serious concern. Moreover, the emergence of NDM-1 among the globally dominant E. coliST101 isolates warrants stringent surveillance and control measures.

Published
2016
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49. Genomic and Functional Portrait of a Highly Virulent, CTX-M-15-Producing H30-Rx Subclone of Escherichia coliSequence Type 131

Author

Ranjan, Amit, Shaik, Sabiha, Hussain, Arif, Nandanwar, Nishant, Semmler, Torsten, Jadhav, Savita, Wieler, Lothar H., and Ahmed, Niyaz

Abstract

ABSTRACTEscherichia colisequence type 131 (ST131) is a pandemic clone associated with multidrug-resistant, extraintestinal infections, attributable to the presence of the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene and mutations entailing fluoroquinolone resistance. Studies on subclones within E. coliST131 are critically required for targeting and implementation of successful control efforts. Our study comprehensively analyzed the genomic and functional attributes of the H30-Rx subclonal strains NA097 and NA114, belonging to the ST131 lineage. We carried out whole-genome sequencing, comparative analysis, phenotypic virulence assays, and profiling of the antibacterial responses of THP1 cells infected with these subclones. Phylogenomic analysis suggested that the strains were clonal in nature and confined entirely to a single clade. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the virulence and resistance repertoires were comparable among the H30-Rx ST131 strains except for the commensal ST131 strain SE15. Similarly, seven phage-specific regions were found to be strongly associated with the H30-Rx strains but were largely absent in the genome of SE15. Phenotypic analysis confirmed the virulence and resistance similarities between the two strains. However, NA097 was found to be more robust than NA114 in terms of virulence gene carriage (draoperon), invasion ability (P< 0.05), and antimicrobial resistance (streptomycin resistance). RT2gene expression profiling revealed generic upregulation of key proinflammatory responses in THP1 cells, irrespective of ST131 lineage status. In conclusion, our study provides comprehensive, genome-inferred insights into the biology and immunological properties of ST131 strains and suggests clonal diversification of genomic and phenotypic features within the H30-Rx subclone of E. coliST131.

Published
2015
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50. Genotypic and Phenotypic Profiles of Escherichia coliIsolates Belonging to Clinical Sequence Type 131 (ST131), Clinical Non-ST131, and Fecal Non-ST131 Lineages from India

Author

Hussain, Arif, Ranjan, Amit, Nandanwar, Nishant, Babbar, Anshu, Jadhav, Savita, and Ahmed, Niyaz

Abstract

ABSTRACTIn view of the epidemiological success of CTX-M-15-producing lineages of Escherichia coliand particularly of sequence type 131 (ST131), it is of significant interest to explore its prevalence in countries such as India and to determine if antibiotic resistance, virulence, metabolic potential, and/or the genetic architecture of the ST131 isolates differ from those of non-ST131 isolates. A collection of 126 E. coliisolates comprising 43 ST131 E. coli, 40 non-ST131 E. coli, and 43 fecal E. coliisolates collected from a tertiary care hospital in India was analyzed. These isolates were subjected to enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-based fingerprinting, O typing, phylogenetic grouping, antibiotic sensitivity testing, and virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene (VAG) detection. Representative isolates from this collection were also analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), conjugation, metabolic profiling, biofilm production assay, and zebra fish lethality assay. All of the 43 ST131 E. coliisolates were exclusively associated with phylogenetic group B2 (100%), while most of the clinical non-ST131 and stool non-ST131 E. coliisolates were affiliated with the B2 (38%) and A (58%) phylogenetic groups, respectively. Significantly greater proportions of ST131 isolates (58%) than non-ST131 isolates (clinical and stool E. coliisolates, 5% each) were technically identified to be extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli(ExPEC). The clinical ST131, clinical non-ST131, and stool non-ST131 E. coliisolates exhibited high rates of multidrug resistance (95%, 91%, and 91%, respectively), extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) production (86%, 83%, and 91%, respectively), and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production (28%, 33%, and 0%, respectively). CTX-M-15 was strongly linked with ESBL production in ST131 isolates (93%), whereas CTX-M-15 plus TEM were present in clinical and stool non-ST131 E. coliisolates. Using MLST, we confirmed the presence of two NDM-1-positive ST131 E. coliisolates. The aggregate bioscores (metabolite utilization) for ST131, clinical non-ST131, and stool non-ST131 E. coliisolates were 53%, 52%, and 49%, respectively. The ST131 isolates were moderate biofilm producers and were more highly virulent in zebra fish than non-ST131 isolates. According to ERIC-based fingerprinting, the ST131 strains were more genetically similar, and this was subsequently followed by the genetic similarity of clinical non-ST131 and stool non-ST131 E. colistrains. In conclusion, our data provide novel insights into aspects of the fitness advantage of E. colilineage ST131 and suggest that a number of factors are likely involved in the worldwide dissemination of and infections due to ST131 E. coliisolates.

Published
2014
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