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1. COVID19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of virus–host interaction mechanisms

Author: Marek Ostaszewski, Anna Niarakis, Alexander Mazein, Inna Kuperstein, Robert Phair, Aurelio Orta‐Resendiz, Vidisha Singh, Sara Sadat Aghamiri, Marcio Luis Acencio, Enrico Glaab, Andreas Ruepp, Gisela Fobo, Corinna Montrone, Barbara Brauner, Goar Frishman, Luis Cristóbal Monraz Gómez, Julia Somers, Matti Hoch, Shailendra Kumar Gupta, Julia Scheel, Hanna Borlinghaus, Tobias Czauderna, Falk Schreiber, Arnau Montagud, Miguel Ponce de Leon, Akira Funahashi, Yusuke Hiki, Noriko Hiroi, Takahiro G Yamada, Andreas Dräger, Alina Renz, Muhammad Naveez, Zsolt Bocskei, Francesco Messina, Daniela Börnigen, Liam Fergusson, Marta Conti, Marius Rameil, Vanessa Nakonecnij, Jakob Vanhoefer, Leonard Schmiester, Muying Wang, Emily E Ackerman, Jason E Shoemaker, Jeremy Zucker, Kristie Oxford, Jeremy Teuton, Ebru Kocakaya, Gökçe Yağmur Summak, Kristina Hanspers, Martina Kutmon, Susan Coort, Lars Eijssen, Friederike Ehrhart, Devasahayam Arokia Balaya Rex, Denise Slenter, Marvin Martens, Nhung Pham, Robin Haw, Bijay Jassal, Lisa Matthews, Marija Orlic‐Milacic, Andrea Senff-Ribeiro, Karen Rothfels, Veronica Shamovsky, Ralf Stephan, Cristoffer Sevilla, Thawfeek Varusai, Jean‐Marie Ravel, Rupsha Fraser, Vera Ortseifen, Silvia Marchesi, Piotr Gawron, Ewa Smula, Laurent Heirendt, Venkata Satagopam, Guanming Wu, Anders Riutta, Martin Golebiewski, Stuart Owen, Carole Goble, Xiaoming Hu, Rupert W Overall, Dieter Maier, Angela Bauch, Benjamin M Gyori, John A Bachman, Carlos Vega, Valentin Grouès, Miguel Vazquez, Pablo Porras, Luana Licata, Marta Iannuccelli, Francesca Sacco, Anastasia Nesterova, Anton Yuryev, Anita de Waard, Denes Turei, Augustin Luna, Ozgun Babur, Sylvain Soliman, Alberto Valdeolivas, Marina Esteban‐Medina, Maria Peña‐Chilet, Kinza Rian, Tomáš Helikar, Bhanwar Lal Puniya, Dezso Modos, Agatha Treveil, Marton Olbei, Bertrand De Meulder, Stephane Ballereau, Aurélien Dugourd, Aurélien Naldi, Vincent Noël, Laurence Calzone, Chris Sander, Emek Demir, Tamas Korcsmaros, Tom C Freeman, Franck Augé, Jacques S Beckmann, Jan Hasenauer, Olaf Wolkenhauer, Egon L Willighagen, Alexander R Pico, Chris T Evelo, Marc E Gillespie, Lincoln D Stein, Henning Hermjakob, Peter D'Eustachio, Julio Saez‐Rodriguez, Joaquin Dopazo, Alfonso Valencia, Hiroaki Kitano, Emmanuel Barillot, Charles Auffray, Rudi Balling, Reinhard Schneider, and the COVID‐19 Disease Map Community
Subjects: computable knowledge repository, large‐scale biocuration, omics data analysis, open access community effort, systems biomedicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract We need to effectively combine the knowledge from surging literature with complex datasets to propose mechanistic models of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, improving data interpretation and predicting key targets of intervention. Here, we describe a large‐scale community effort to build an open access, interoperable and computable repository of COVID‐19 molecular mechanisms. The COVID‐19 Disease Map (C19DMap) is a graphical, interactive representation of disease‐relevant molecular mechanisms linking many knowledge sources. Notably, it is a computational resource for graph‐based analyses and disease modelling. To this end, we established a framework of tools, platforms and guidelines necessary for a multifaceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians and computational biologists. The diagrams of the C19DMap, curated from the literature, are integrated with relevant interaction and text mining databases. We demonstrate the application of network analysis and modelling approaches by concrete examples to highlight new testable hypotheses. This framework helps to find signatures of SARS‐CoV‐2 predisposition, treatment response or prioritisation of drug candidates. Such an approach may help deal with new waves of COVID‐19 or similar pandemics in the long‐term perspective.
Published: 2021
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2. Erratum To: COVID‐19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of virus‐host interaction mechanisms

Author: Marek Ostaszewski, Anna Niarakis, Alexander Mazein, Inna Kuperstein, Robert Phair, Aurelio Orta‐Resendiz, Vidisha Singh, Sara Sadat Aghamiri, Marcio Luis Acencio, Enrico Glaab, Andreas Ruepp, Gisela Fobo, Corinna Montrone, Barbara Brauner, Goar Frishman, Luis Cristóbal Monraz Gómez, Julia Somers, Matti Hoch, Shailendra Kumar Gupta, Julia Scheel, Hanna Borlinghaus, Tobias Czauderna, Falk Schreiber, Arnau Montagud, Miguel Ponce de Leon, Akira Funahashi, Yusuke Hiki, Noriko Hiroi, Takahiro G Yamada, Andreas Dräger, Alina Renz, Muhammad Naveez, Zsolt Bocskei, Francesco Messina, Daniela Börnigen, Liam Fergusson, Marta Conti, Marius Rameil, Vanessa Nakonecnij, Jakob Vanhoefer, Leonard Schmiester, Muying Wang, Emily E Ackerman, Jason E Shoemaker, Jeremy Zucker, Kristie Oxford, Jeremy Teuton, Ebru Kocakaya, Gökçe Yağmur Summak, Kristina Hanspers, Martina Kutmon, Susan Coort, Lars Eijssen, Friederike Ehrhart, D A B Rex, Denise Slenter, Marvin Martens, Nhung Pham, Robin Haw, Bijay Jassal, Lisa Matthews, Marija Orlic‐Milacic, Andrea Senff‐Ribeiro, Karen Rothfels, Veronica Shamovsky, Ralf Stephan, Cristoffer Sevilla, Thawfeek Varusai, Jean‐Marie Ravel, Rupsha Fraser, Vera Ortseifen, Silvia Marchesi, Piotr Gawron, Ewa Smula, Laurent Heirendt, Venkata Satagopam, Guanming Wu, Anders Riutta, Martin Golebiewski, Stuart Owen, Carole Goble, Xiaoming Hu, Rupert W Overall, Dieter Maier, Angela Bauch, Benjamin M Gyori, John A Bachman, Carlos Vega, Valentin Grouès, Miguel Vazquez, Pablo Porras, Luana Licata, Marta Iannuccelli, Francesca Sacco, Anastasia Nesterova, Anton Yuryev, Anita de Waard, Denes Turei, Augustin Luna, Ozgun Babur, Sylvain Soliman, Alberto Valdeolivas, Marina Esteban‐Medina, Maria Peña‐Chilet, Kinza Rian, Tomáš Helikar, Bhanwar Lal Puniya, Dezso Modos, Agatha Treveil, Marton Olbei, Bertrand De Meulder, Stephane Ballereau, Aurélien Dugourd, Aurélien Naldi, Vincent Noël, Laurence Calzone, Chris Sander, Emek Demir, Tamas Korcsmaros, Tom C Freeman, Franck Augé, Jacques S Beckmann, Jan Hasenauer, Olaf Wolkenhauer, Egon L Willighagen, Alexander R Pico, Chris T Evelo, Marc E Gillespie, Lincoln D Stein, Henning Hermjakob, Peter D'Eustachio, Julio Saez‐Rodriguez, Joaquin Dopazo, Alfonso Valencia, Hiroaki Kitano, Emmanuel Barillot, Charles Auffray, Rudi Balling, Reinhard Schneider, and the COVID‐19 Disease Map Community
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Graphical Abstract
Published: 2021
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3. Expert panel curation of 31 genes in relation to limb girdle muscular dystrophy

Author: Shruthi Mohan, Shannon McNulty, Courtney Thaxton, Marwa Elnagheeb, Emma Owens, May Flowers, Teagan Nunnery, Autumn Self, Brooke Palus, Svetlana Gorokhova, April Kennedy, Zhiyv Niu, Mridul Johari, Alassane Baneye Maiga, Kelly Macalalad, Amanda R. Clause, Jacques S. Beckmann, Lucas Bronicki, Sandra T. Cooper, Vijay S. Ganesh, Peter B. Kang, Akanchha Kesari, Monkol Lek, Jennifer Levy, Laura Rufibach, Marco Savarese, Melissa J. Spencer, Volker Straub, Giorgio Tasca, and Conrad C. Weihl
Subjects: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Abstract Objective Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous autosomal conditions with some degree of phenotypic homogeneity. LGMD is defined as having onset >2 years of age with progressive proximal weakness, elevated serum creatine kinase levels and dystrophic features on muscle biopsy. Advances in massively parallel sequencing have led to a surge in genes linked to LGMD. Methods The ClinGen Muscular Dystrophies and Myopathies gene curation expert panel (MDM GCEP, formerly Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy GCEP) convened to evaluate the strength of evidence supporting gene–disease relationships (GDR) using the ClinGen gene–disease clinical validity framework to evaluate 31 genes implicated in LGMD. Results The GDR was exclusively LGMD for 17 genes, whereas an additional 14 genes were related to a broader phenotype encompassing congenital weakness. Four genes (CAPN3, COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3) were split into two separate disease entities, based on each displaying both dominant and recessive inheritance patterns, resulting in curation of 35 GDRs. Of these, 30 (86%) were classified as definitive, 4 (11%) as moderate, and 1 (3%) as limited. Two genes, POMGNT1 and DAG1, though definitively related to myopathy, currently have insufficient evidence to support a relationship specifically with LGMD. Interpretation The expert‐reviewed assertions on the clinical validity of genes implicated in LGMDs form an invaluable resource for clinicians and molecular geneticists. We encourage the global neuromuscular community to publish case‐level data that help clarify disputed or novel LGMD associations.
Published: 2024
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4. Correction: The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study.

Author: Thomas W Winkler, Anne E Justice, Mariaelisa Graff, Llilda Barata, Mary F Feitosa, Su Chu, Jacek Czajkowski, Tõnu Esko, Tove Fall, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen, Yingchang Lu, Reedik Mägi, Evelin Mihailov, Tune H Pers, Sina Rüeger, Alexander Teumer, Georg B Ehret, Teresa Ferreira, Nancy L Heard-Costa, Juha Karjalainen, Vasiliki Lagou, Anubha Mahajan, Michael D Neinast, Inga Prokopenko, Jeannette Simino, Tanya M Teslovich, Rick Jansen, Harm-Jan Westra, Charles C White, Devin Absher, Tarunveer S Ahluwalia, Shafqat Ahmad, Eva Albrecht, Alexessander Couto Alves, Jennifer L Bragg-Gresham, Anton J M de Craen, Joshua C Bis, Amélie Bonnefond, Gabrielle Boucher, Gemma Cadby, Yu-Ching Cheng, Charleston W K Chiang, Graciela Delgado, Ayse Demirkan, Nicole Dueker, Niina Eklund, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Joel Eriksson, Bjarke Feenstra, Krista Fischer, Francesca Frau, Tessel E Galesloot, Frank Geller, Anuj Goel, Mathias Gorski, Tanja B Grammer, Stefan Gustafsson, Saskia Haitjema, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Jennifer E Huffman, Anne U Jackson, Kevin B Jacobs, Åsa Johansson, Marika Kaakinen, Marcus E Kleber, Jari Lahti, Irene Mateo Leach, Benjamin Lehne, Youfang Liu, Ken Sin Lo, Mattias Lorentzon, Jian'an Luan, Pamela A F Madden, Massimo Mangino, Barbara McKnight, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Keri L Monda, May E Montasser, Gabriele Müller, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Ilja M Nolte, Kalliope Panoutsopoulou, Laura Pascoe, Lavinia Paternoster, Nigel W Rayner, Frida Renström, Federica Rizzi, Lynda M Rose, Kathy A Ryan, Perttu Salo, Serena Sanna, Hubert Scharnagl, Jianxin Shi, Albert Vernon Smith, Lorraine Southam, Alena Stančáková, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Rona J Strawbridge, Yun Ju Sung, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Toshiko Tanaka, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Stella Trompet, Natalia Pervjakova, Jonathan P Tyrer, Liesbeth Vandenput, Sander W van der Laan, Nathalie van der Velde, Jessica van Setten, Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Niek Verweij, Efthymia Vlachopoulou, Lindsay L Waite, Sophie R Wang, Zhaoming Wang, Sarah H Wild, Christina Willenborg, James F Wilson, Andrew Wong, Jian Yang, Loïc Yengo, Laura M Yerges-Armstrong, Lei Yu, Weihua Zhang, Jing Hua Zhao, Ehm A Andersson, Stephan J L Bakker, Damiano Baldassarre, Karina Banasik, Matteo Barcella, Cristina Barlassina, Claire Bellis, Paola Benaglio, John Blangero, Matthias Blüher, Fabrice Bonnet, Lori L Bonnycastle, Heather A Boyd, Marcel Bruinenberg, Aron S Buchman, Harry Campbell, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Peter S Chines, Simone Claudi-Boehm, John Cole, Francis S Collins, Eco J C de Geus, Lisette C P G M de Groot, Maria Dimitriou, Jubao Duan, Stefan Enroth, Elodie Eury, Aliki-Eleni Farmaki, Nita G Forouhi, Nele Friedrich, Pablo V Gejman, Bruna Gigante, Nicola Glorioso, Alan S Go, Omri Gottesman, Jürgen Gräßler, Harald Grallert, Niels Grarup, Yu-Mei Gu, Linda Broer, Annelies C Ham, Torben Hansen, Tamara B Harris, Catharina A Hartman, Maija Hassinen, Nicholas Hastie, Andrew T Hattersley, Andrew C Heath, Anjali K Henders, Dena Hernandez, Hans Hillege, Oddgeir Holmen, Kees G Hovingh, Jennie Hui, Lise L Husemoen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Pirro G Hysi, Thomas Illig, Philip L De Jager, Shapour Jalilzadeh, Torben Jørgensen, J Wouter Jukema, Markus Juonala, Stavroula Kanoni, Maria Karaleftheri, Kay Tee Khaw, Leena Kinnunen, Steven J Kittner, Wolfgang Koenig, Ivana Kolcic, Peter Kovacs, Nikolaj T Krarup, Wolfgang Kratzer, Janine Krüger, Diana Kuh, Meena Kumari, Theodosios Kyriakou, Claudia Langenberg, Lars Lannfelt, Chiara Lanzani, Vaneet Lotay, Lenore J Launer, Karin Leander, Jaana Lindström, Allan Linneberg, Yan-Ping Liu, Stéphane Lobbens, Robert Luben, Valeriya Lyssenko, Satu Männistö, Patrik K Magnusson, Wendy L McArdle, Cristina Menni, Sigrun Merger, Lili Milani, Grant W Montgomery, Andrew P Morris, Narisu Narisu, Mari Nelis, Ken K Ong, Aarno Palotie, Louis Pérusse, Irene Pichler, Maria G Pilia, Anneli Pouta, Myriam Rheinberger, Rasmus Ribel-Madsen, Marcus Richards, Kenneth M Rice, Treva K Rice, Carlo Rivolta, Veikko Salomaa, Alan R Sanders, Mark A Sarzynski, Salome Scholtens, Robert A Scott, William R Scott, Sylvain Sebert, Sebanti Sengupta, Bengt Sennblad, Thomas Seufferlein, Angela Silveira, P Eline Slagboom, Jan H Smit, Thomas H Sparsø, Kathleen Stirrups, Ronald P Stolk, Heather M Stringham, Morris A Swertz, Amy J Swift, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Sian-Tsung Tan, Barbara Thorand, Anke Tönjes, Angelo Tremblay, Emmanouil Tsafantakis, Peter J van der Most, Uwe Völker, Marie-Claude Vohl, Judith M Vonk, Melanie Waldenberger, Ryan W Walker, Roman Wennauer, Elisabeth Widén, Gonneke Willemsen, Tom Wilsgaard, Alan F Wright, M Carola Zillikens, Suzanne C van Dijk, Natasja M van Schoor, Folkert W Asselbergs, Paul I W de Bakker, Jacques S Beckmann, John Beilby, David A Bennett, Richard N Bergman, Sven Bergmann, Carsten A Böger, Bernhard O Boehm, Eric Boerwinkle, Dorret I Boomsma, Stefan R Bornstein, Erwin P Bottinger, Claude Bouchard, John C Chambers, Stephen J Chanock, Daniel I Chasman, Francesco Cucca, Daniele Cusi, George Dedoussis, Jeanette Erdmann, Johan G Eriksson, Denis A Evans, Ulf de Faire, Martin Farrall, Luigi Ferrucci, Ian Ford, Lude Franke, Paul W Franks, Philippe Froguel, Ron T Gansevoort, Christian Gieger, Henrik Grönberg, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ulf Gyllensten, Per Hall, Anders Hamsten, Pim van der Harst, Caroline Hayward, Markku Heliövaara, Christian Hengstenberg, Andrew A Hicks, Aroon Hingorani, Albert Hofman, Frank Hu, Heikki V Huikuri, Kristian Hveem, Alan L James, Joanne M Jordan, Antti Jula, Mika Kähönen, Eero Kajantie, Sekar Kathiresan, Lambertus A L M Kiemeney, Mika Kivimaki, Paul B Knekt, Heikki A Koistinen, Jaspal S Kooner, Seppo Koskinen, Johanna Kuusisto, Winfried Maerz, Nicholas G Martin, Markku Laakso, Timo A Lakka, Terho Lehtimäki, Guillaume Lettre, Douglas F Levinson, Lars Lind, Marja-Liisa Lokki, Pekka Mäntyselkä, Mads Melbye, Andres Metspalu, Braxton D Mitchell, Frans L Moll, Jeffrey C Murray, Arthur W Musk, Markku S Nieminen, Inger Njølstad, Claes Ohlsson, Albertine J Oldehinkel, Ben A Oostra, Lyle J Palmer, James S Pankow, Gerard Pasterkamp, Nancy L Pedersen, Oluf Pedersen, Brenda W Penninx, Markus Perola, Annette Peters, Ozren Polašek, Peter P Pramstaller, Bruce M Psaty, Lu Qi, Thomas Quertermous, Olli T Raitakari, Tuomo Rankinen, Rainer Rauramaa, Paul M Ridker, John D Rioux, Fernando Rivadeneira, Jerome I Rotter, Igor Rudan, Hester M den Ruijter, Juha Saltevo, Naveed Sattar, Heribert Schunkert, Peter E H Schwarz, Alan R Shuldiner, Juha Sinisalo, Harold Snieder, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Tim D Spector, Jan A Staessen, Bandinelli Stefania, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Michael Stumvoll, Jean-Claude Tardif, Elena Tremoli, Jaakko Tuomilehto, André G Uitterlinden, Matti Uusitupa, André L M Verbeek, Sita H Vermeulen, Jorma S Viikari, Veronique Vitart, Henry Völzke, Peter Vollenweider, Gérard Waeber, Mark Walker, Henri Wallaschofski, Nicholas J Wareham, Hugh Watkins, Eleftheria Zeggini, arcOGEN Consortium, CHARGE Consortium, DIAGRAM Consortium, GLGC Consortium, Global-BPGen Consortium, ICBP Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, Aravinda Chakravarti, Deborah J Clegg, L Adrienne Cupples, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Cashell E Jaquish, D C Rao, Goncalo R Abecasis, Themistocles L Assimes, Inês Barroso, Sonja I Berndt, Michael Boehnke, Panos Deloukas, Caroline S Fox, Leif C Groop, David J Hunter, Erik Ingelsson, Robert C Kaplan, Mark I McCarthy, Karen L Mohlke, Jeffrey R O'Connell, David Schlessinger, David P Strachan, Kari Stefansson, Cornelia M van Duijn, Joel N Hirschhorn, Cecilia M Lindgren, Iris M Heid, Kari E North, Ingrid B Borecki, Zoltán Kutalik, and Ruth J F Loos
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378.].
Published: 2016
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5. The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study.

Author: Thomas W Winkler, Anne E Justice, Mariaelisa Graff, Llilda Barata, Mary F Feitosa, Su Chu, Jacek Czajkowski, Tõnu Esko, Tove Fall, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen, Yingchang Lu, Reedik Mägi, Evelin Mihailov, Tune H Pers, Sina Rüeger, Alexander Teumer, Georg B Ehret, Teresa Ferreira, Nancy L Heard-Costa, Juha Karjalainen, Vasiliki Lagou, Anubha Mahajan, Michael D Neinast, Inga Prokopenko, Jeannette Simino, Tanya M Teslovich, Rick Jansen, Harm-Jan Westra, Charles C White, Devin Absher, Tarunveer S Ahluwalia, Shafqat Ahmad, Eva Albrecht, Alexessander Couto Alves, Jennifer L Bragg-Gresham, Anton J M de Craen, Joshua C Bis, Amélie Bonnefond, Gabrielle Boucher, Gemma Cadby, Yu-Ching Cheng, Charleston W K Chiang, Graciela Delgado, Ayse Demirkan, Nicole Dueker, Niina Eklund, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Joel Eriksson, Bjarke Feenstra, Krista Fischer, Francesca Frau, Tessel E Galesloot, Frank Geller, Anuj Goel, Mathias Gorski, Tanja B Grammer, Stefan Gustafsson, Saskia Haitjema, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Jennifer E Huffman, Anne U Jackson, Kevin B Jacobs, Åsa Johansson, Marika Kaakinen, Marcus E Kleber, Jari Lahti, Irene Mateo Leach, Benjamin Lehne, Youfang Liu, Ken Sin Lo, Mattias Lorentzon, Jian'an Luan, Pamela A F Madden, Massimo Mangino, Barbara McKnight, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Keri L Monda, May E Montasser, Gabriele Müller, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Ilja M Nolte, Kalliope Panoutsopoulou, Laura Pascoe, Lavinia Paternoster, Nigel W Rayner, Frida Renström, Federica Rizzi, Lynda M Rose, Kathy A Ryan, Perttu Salo, Serena Sanna, Hubert Scharnagl, Jianxin Shi, Albert Vernon Smith, Lorraine Southam, Alena Stančáková, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Rona J Strawbridge, Yun Ju Sung, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Toshiko Tanaka, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Stella Trompet, Natalia Pervjakova, Jonathan P Tyrer, Liesbeth Vandenput, Sander W van der Laan, Nathalie van der Velde, Jessica van Setten, Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Niek Verweij, Efthymia Vlachopoulou, Lindsay L Waite, Sophie R Wang, Zhaoming Wang, Sarah H Wild, Christina Willenborg, James F Wilson, Andrew Wong, Jian Yang, Loïc Yengo, Laura M Yerges-Armstrong, Lei Yu, Weihua Zhang, Jing Hua Zhao, Ehm A Andersson, Stephan J L Bakker, Damiano Baldassarre, Karina Banasik, Matteo Barcella, Cristina Barlassina, Claire Bellis, Paola Benaglio, John Blangero, Matthias Blüher, Fabrice Bonnet, Lori L Bonnycastle, Heather A Boyd, Marcel Bruinenberg, Aron S Buchman, Harry Campbell, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Peter S Chines, Simone Claudi-Boehm, John Cole, Francis S Collins, Eco J C de Geus, Lisette C P G M de Groot, Maria Dimitriou, Jubao Duan, Stefan Enroth, Elodie Eury, Aliki-Eleni Farmaki, Nita G Forouhi, Nele Friedrich, Pablo V Gejman, Bruna Gigante, Nicola Glorioso, Alan S Go, Omri Gottesman, Jürgen Gräßler, Harald Grallert, Niels Grarup, Yu-Mei Gu, Linda Broer, Annelies C Ham, Torben Hansen, Tamara B Harris, Catharina A Hartman, Maija Hassinen, Nicholas Hastie, Andrew T Hattersley, Andrew C Heath, Anjali K Henders, Dena Hernandez, Hans Hillege, Oddgeir Holmen, Kees G Hovingh, Jennie Hui, Lise L Husemoen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Pirro G Hysi, Thomas Illig, Philip L De Jager, Shapour Jalilzadeh, Torben Jørgensen, J Wouter Jukema, Markus Juonala, Stavroula Kanoni, Maria Karaleftheri, Kay Tee Khaw, Leena Kinnunen, Steven J Kittner, Wolfgang Koenig, Ivana Kolcic, Peter Kovacs, Nikolaj T Krarup, Wolfgang Kratzer, Janine Krüger, Diana Kuh, Meena Kumari, Theodosios Kyriakou, Claudia Langenberg, Lars Lannfelt, Chiara Lanzani, Vaneet Lotay, Lenore J Launer, Karin Leander, Jaana Lindström, Allan Linneberg, Yan-Ping Liu, Stéphane Lobbens, Robert Luben, Valeriya Lyssenko, Satu Männistö, Patrik K Magnusson, Wendy L McArdle, Cristina Menni, Sigrun Merger, Lili Milani, Grant W Montgomery, Andrew P Morris, Narisu Narisu, Mari Nelis, Ken K Ong, Aarno Palotie, Louis Pérusse, Irene Pichler, Maria G Pilia, Anneli Pouta, Myriam Rheinberger, Rasmus Ribel-Madsen, Marcus Richards, Kenneth M Rice, Treva K Rice, Carlo Rivolta, Veikko Salomaa, Alan R Sanders, Mark A Sarzynski, Salome Scholtens, Robert A Scott, William R Scott, Sylvain Sebert, Sebanti Sengupta, Bengt Sennblad, Thomas Seufferlein, Angela Silveira, P Eline Slagboom, Jan H Smit, Thomas H Sparsø, Kathleen Stirrups, Ronald P Stolk, Heather M Stringham, Morris A Swertz, Amy J Swift, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Sian-Tsung Tan, Barbara Thorand, Anke Tönjes, Angelo Tremblay, Emmanouil Tsafantakis, Peter J van der Most, Uwe Völker, Marie-Claude Vohl, Judith M Vonk, Melanie Waldenberger, Ryan W Walker, Roman Wennauer, Elisabeth Widén, Gonneke Willemsen, Tom Wilsgaard, Alan F Wright, M Carola Zillikens, Suzanne C van Dijk, Natasja M van Schoor, Folkert W Asselbergs, Paul I W de Bakker, Jacques S Beckmann, John Beilby, David A Bennett, Richard N Bergman, Sven Bergmann, Carsten A Böger, Bernhard O Boehm, Eric Boerwinkle, Dorret I Boomsma, Stefan R Bornstein, Erwin P Bottinger, Claude Bouchard, John C Chambers, Stephen J Chanock, Daniel I Chasman, Francesco Cucca, Daniele Cusi, George Dedoussis, Jeanette Erdmann, Johan G Eriksson, Denis A Evans, Ulf de Faire, Martin Farrall, Luigi Ferrucci, Ian Ford, Lude Franke, Paul W Franks, Philippe Froguel, Ron T Gansevoort, Christian Gieger, Henrik Grönberg, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ulf Gyllensten, Per Hall, Anders Hamsten, Pim van der Harst, Caroline Hayward, Markku Heliövaara, Christian Hengstenberg, Andrew A Hicks, Aroon Hingorani, Albert Hofman, Frank Hu, Heikki V Huikuri, Kristian Hveem, Alan L James, Joanne M Jordan, Antti Jula, Mika Kähönen, Eero Kajantie, Sekar Kathiresan, Lambertus A L M Kiemeney, Mika Kivimaki, Paul B Knekt, Heikki A Koistinen, Jaspal S Kooner, Seppo Koskinen, Johanna Kuusisto, Winfried Maerz, Nicholas G Martin, Markku Laakso, Timo A Lakka, Terho Lehtimäki, Guillaume Lettre, Douglas F Levinson, Lars Lind, Marja-Liisa Lokki, Pekka Mäntyselkä, Mads Melbye, Andres Metspalu, Braxton D Mitchell, Frans L Moll, Jeffrey C Murray, Arthur W Musk, Markku S Nieminen, Inger Njølstad, Claes Ohlsson, Albertine J Oldehinkel, Ben A Oostra, Lyle J Palmer, James S Pankow, Gerard Pasterkamp, Nancy L Pedersen, Oluf Pedersen, Brenda W Penninx, Markus Perola, Annette Peters, Ozren Polašek, Peter P Pramstaller, Bruce M Psaty, Lu Qi, Thomas Quertermous, Olli T Raitakari, Tuomo Rankinen, Rainer Rauramaa, Paul M Ridker, John D Rioux, Fernando Rivadeneira, Jerome I Rotter, Igor Rudan, Hester M den Ruijter, Juha Saltevo, Naveed Sattar, Heribert Schunkert, Peter E H Schwarz, Alan R Shuldiner, Juha Sinisalo, Harold Snieder, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Tim D Spector, Jan A Staessen, Bandinelli Stefania, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Michael Stumvoll, Jean-Claude Tardif, Elena Tremoli, Jaakko Tuomilehto, André G Uitterlinden, Matti Uusitupa, André L M Verbeek, Sita H Vermeulen, Jorma S Viikari, Veronique Vitart, Henry Völzke, Peter Vollenweider, Gérard Waeber, Mark Walker, Henri Wallaschofski, Nicholas J Wareham, Hugh Watkins, Eleftheria Zeggini, CHARGE Consortium, DIAGRAM Consortium, GLGC Consortium, Global-BPGen Consortium, ICBP Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, Aravinda Chakravarti, Deborah J Clegg, L Adrienne Cupples, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Cashell E Jaquish, D C Rao, Goncalo R Abecasis, Themistocles L Assimes, Inês Barroso, Sonja I Berndt, Michael Boehnke, Panos Deloukas, Caroline S Fox, Leif C Groop, David J Hunter, Erik Ingelsson, Robert C Kaplan, Mark I McCarthy, Karen L Mohlke, Jeffrey R O'Connell, David Schlessinger, David P Strachan, Kari Stefansson, Cornelia M van Duijn, Joel N Hirschhorn, Cecilia M Lindgren, Iris M Heid, Kari E North, Ingrid B Borecki, Zoltán Kutalik, and Ruth J F Loos
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), a measure of body shape. Body size and shape change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women. To systematically screen for age- and/or sex-specific effects of genetic variants on BMI and WHRadjBMI, we performed meta-analyses of 114 studies (up to 320,485 individuals of European descent) with genome-wide chip and/or Metabochip data by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium. Each study tested the association of up to ~2.8M SNPs with BMI and WHRadjBMI in four strata (men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y, women >50y) and summary statistics were combined in stratum-specific meta-analyses. We then screened for variants that showed age-specific effects (G x AGE), sex-specific effects (G x SEX) or age-specific effects that differed between men and women (G x AGE x SEX). For BMI, we identified 15 loci (11 previously established for main effects, four novel) that showed significant (FDR
Published: 2015
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6. Novel approach identifies SNPs in SLC2A10 and KCNK9 with evidence for parent-of-origin effect on body mass index.

Author: Clive J Hoggart, Giulia Venturini, Massimo Mangino, Felicia Gomez, Giulia Ascari, Jing Hua Zhao, Alexander Teumer, Thomas W Winkler, Natalia Tšernikova, Jian'an Luan, Evelin Mihailov, Georg B Ehret, Weihua Zhang, David Lamparter, Tõnu Esko, Aurelien Macé, Sina Rüeger, Pierre-Yves Bochud, Matteo Barcella, Yves Dauvilliers, Beben Benyamin, David M Evans, Caroline Hayward, Mary F Lopez, Lude Franke, Alessia Russo, Iris M Heid, Erika Salvi, Sailaja Vendantam, Dan E Arking, Eric Boerwinkle, John C Chambers, Giovanni Fiorito, Harald Grallert, Simonetta Guarrera, Georg Homuth, Jennifer E Huffman, David Porteous, Generation Scotland Consortium, LifeLines Cohort study, GIANT Consortium, Darius Moradpour, Alex Iranzo, Johannes Hebebrand, John P Kemp, Gert J Lammers, Vincent Aubert, Markus H Heim, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Rosa Peraita-Adrados, Joan Santamaria, Francesco Negro, Carsten O Schmidt, Robert A Scott, Tim D Spector, Konstantin Strauch, Henry Völzke, Nicholas J Wareham, Wei Yuan, Jordana T Bell, Aravinda Chakravarti, Jaspal S Kooner, Annette Peters, Giuseppe Matullo, Henri Wallaschofski, John B Whitfield, Fred Paccaud, Peter Vollenweider, Sven Bergmann, Jacques S Beckmann, Mehdi Tafti, Nicholas D Hastie, Daniele Cusi, Murielle Bochud, Timothy M Frayling, Andres Metspalu, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, André Scherag, George Davey Smith, Ingrid B Borecki, Valentin Rousson, Joel N Hirschhorn, Carlo Rivolta, Ruth J F Loos, and Zoltán Kutalik
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: The phenotypic effect of some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) depends on their parental origin. We present a novel approach to detect parent-of-origin effects (POEs) in genome-wide genotype data of unrelated individuals. The method exploits increased phenotypic variance in the heterozygous genotype group relative to the homozygous groups. We applied the method to >56,000 unrelated individuals to search for POEs influencing body mass index (BMI). Six lead SNPs were carried forward for replication in five family-based studies (of ∼4,000 trios). Two SNPs replicated: the paternal rs2471083-C allele (located near the imprinted KCNK9 gene) and the paternal rs3091869-T allele (located near the SLC2A10 gene) increased BMI equally (beta = 0.11 (SD), P
Published: 2014
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7. Genome-wide association study of metabolic traits reveals novel gene-metabolite-disease links.

Author: Rico Rueedi, Mirko Ledda, Andrew W Nicholls, Reza M Salek, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Edgard Morya, Koichi Sameshima, Ivan Montoliu, Laeticia Da Silva, Sebastiano Collino, François-Pierre Martin, Serge Rezzi, Christoph Steinbeck, Dawn M Waterworth, Gérard Waeber, Peter Vollenweider, Jacques S Beckmann, Johannes Le Coutre, Vincent Mooser, Sven Bergmann, Ulrich K Genick, and Zoltán Kutalik
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Metabolic traits are molecular phenotypes that can drive clinical phenotypes and may predict disease progression. Here, we report results from a metabolome- and genome-wide association study on (1)H-NMR urine metabolic profiles. The study was conducted within an untargeted approach, employing a novel method for compound identification. From our discovery cohort of 835 Caucasian individuals who participated in the CoLaus study, we identified 139 suggestively significant (P
Published: 2014
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8. Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits.

Author: Joshua C Randall, Thomas W Winkler, Zoltán Kutalik, Sonja I Berndt, Anne U Jackson, Keri L Monda, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen, Tõnu Esko, Reedik Mägi, Shengxu Li, Tsegaselassie Workalemahu, Mary F Feitosa, Damien C Croteau-Chonka, Felix R Day, Tove Fall, Teresa Ferreira, Stefan Gustafsson, Adam E Locke, Iain Mathieson, Andre Scherag, Sailaja Vedantam, Andrew R Wood, Liming Liang, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Emmanouil T Dermitzakis, Antigone S Dimas, Fredrik Karpe, Josine L Min, George Nicholson, Deborah J Clegg, Thomas Person, Jon P Krohn, Sabrina Bauer, Christa Buechler, Kristina Eisinger, DIAGRAM Consortium, Amélie Bonnefond, Philippe Froguel, MAGIC Investigators, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Inga Prokopenko, Lindsay L Waite, Tamara B Harris, Albert Vernon Smith, Alan R Shuldiner, Wendy L McArdle, Mark J Caulfield, Patricia B Munroe, Henrik Grönberg, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Guo Li, Jacques S Beckmann, Toby Johnson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Maris Teder-Laving, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J Wareham, Jing Hua Zhao, Najaf Amin, Ben A Oostra, Aldi T Kraja, Michael A Province, L Adrienne Cupples, Nancy L Heard-Costa, Jaakko Kaprio, Samuli Ripatti, Ida Surakka, Francis S Collins, Jouko Saramies, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Antti Jula, Veikko Salomaa, Jeanette Erdmann, Christian Hengstenberg, Christina Loley, Heribert Schunkert, Claudia Lamina, H Erich Wichmann, Eva Albrecht, Christian Gieger, Andrew A Hicks, Asa Johansson, Peter P Pramstaller, Sekar Kathiresan, Elizabeth K Speliotes, Brenda Penninx, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Ulf Gyllensten, Dorret I Boomsma, Harry Campbell, James F Wilson, Stephen J Chanock, Martin Farrall, Anuj Goel, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Fernando Rivadeneira, Karol Estrada, André G Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman, M Carola Zillikens, Martin den Heijer, Lambertus A Kiemeney, Andrea Maschio, Per Hall, Jonathan Tyrer, Alexander Teumer, Henry Völzke, Peter Kovacs, Anke Tönjes, Massimo Mangino, Tim D Spector, Caroline Hayward, Igor Rudan, Alistair S Hall, Nilesh J Samani, Antony Paul Attwood, Jennifer G Sambrook, Joseph Hung, Lyle J Palmer, Marja-Liisa Lokki, Juha Sinisalo, Gabrielle Boucher, Heikki Huikuri, Mattias Lorentzon, Claes Ohlsson, Niina Eklund, Johan G Eriksson, Cristina Barlassina, Carlo Rivolta, Ilja M Nolte, Harold Snieder, Melanie M Van der Klauw, Jana V Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Pablo V Gejman, Jianxin Shi, Kevin B Jacobs, Zhaoming Wang, Stephan J L Bakker, Irene Mateo Leach, Gerjan Navis, Pim van der Harst, Nicholas G Martin, Sarah E Medland, Grant W Montgomery, Jian Yang, Daniel I Chasman, Paul M Ridker, Lynda M Rose, Terho Lehtimäki, Olli Raitakari, Devin Absher, Carlos Iribarren, Hanneke Basart, Kees G Hovingh, Elina Hyppönen, Chris Power, Denise Anderson, John P Beilby, Jennie Hui, Jennifer Jolley, Hendrik Sager, Stefan R Bornstein, Peter E H Schwarz, Kati Kristiansson, Markus Perola, Jaana Lindström, Amy J Swift, Matti Uusitupa, Mustafa Atalay, Timo A Lakka, Rainer Rauramaa, Jennifer L Bolton, Gerry Fowkes, Ross M Fraser, Jackie F Price, Krista Fischer, Kaarel Krjutå Kov, Andres Metspalu, Evelin Mihailov, Claudia Langenberg, Jian'an Luan, Ken K Ong, Peter S Chines, Sirkka M Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Timo E Saaristo, Sarah Edkins, Paul W Franks, Göran Hallmans, Dmitry Shungin, Andrew David Morris, Colin N A Palmer, Raimund Erbel, Susanne Moebus, Markus M Nöthen, Sonali Pechlivanis, Kristian Hveem, Narisu Narisu, Anders Hamsten, Steve E Humphries, Rona J Strawbridge, Elena Tremoli, Harald Grallert, Barbara Thorand, Thomas Illig, Wolfgang Koenig, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Annette Peters, Bernhard O Boehm, Marcus E Kleber, Winfried März, Bernhard R Winkelmann, Johanna Kuusisto, Markku Laakso, Dominique Arveiler, Giancarlo Cesana, Kari Kuulasmaa, Jarmo Virtamo, John W G Yarnell, Diana Kuh, Andrew Wong, Lars Lind, Ulf de Faire, Bruna Gigante, Patrik K E Magnusson, Nancy L Pedersen, George Dedoussis, Maria Dimitriou, Genovefa Kolovou, Stavroula Kanoni, Kathleen Stirrups, Lori L Bonnycastle, Inger Njølstad, Tom Wilsgaard, Andrea Ganna, Emil Rehnberg, Aroon Hingorani, Mika Kivimaki, Meena Kumari, Themistocles L Assimes, Inês Barroso, Michael Boehnke, Ingrid B Borecki, Panos Deloukas, Caroline S Fox, Timothy Frayling, Leif C Groop, Talin Haritunians, David Hunter, Erik Ingelsson, Robert Kaplan, Karen L Mohlke, Jeffrey R O'Connell, David Schlessinger, David P Strachan, Kari Stefansson, Cornelia M van Duijn, Gonçalo R Abecasis, Mark I McCarthy, Joel N Hirschhorn, Lu Qi, Ruth J F Loos, Cecilia M Lindgren, Kari E North, and Iris M Heid
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Given the anthropometric differences between men and women and previous evidence of sex-difference in genetic effects, we conducted a genome-wide search for sexually dimorphic associations with height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip-ratio (133,723 individuals) and took forward 348 SNPs into follow-up (additional 137,052 individuals) in a total of 94 studies. Seven loci displayed significant sex-difference (FDR
Published: 2013
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9. The growing importance of CNVs: new insights for detection and clinical interpretation

Author: Armand eValsesia, Aurélien eMace, Sébastien eJacquemont, Jacques S Beckmann, and Zoltán eKutalik
Subjects: Genomics, bioinformatics, Sequencing, personalized medicine, copy number variation, genome-wide association studies, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Differences between genomes can be due to single nucleotide variants, translocations, inversions and copy number variants (CNVs, gain or loss of DNA). The latter can range from sub-microscopic events to complete chromosomal aneuploidies. Small CNVs are often benign but those larger than 500kb are strongly associated with morbid consequences such as developmental disorders and cancer. Detecting CNVs within and between populations is essential to better understand the plasticity of our genome and to elucidate its possible contribution to disease. Hence there is a need for better-tailored and more robust tools for the detection and genome-wide analyses of CNVs. While a link between a given CNV and a disease may have often been established, the relative CNV contribution to disease progression and impact on drug response is not necessarily understood.In this review we discuss the progress, challenges and limitations that occur at different stages of CNV analysis from the detection (using DNA microarrays and Next Generation Sequencing) and identification of recurrent CNVs to the association with phenotypes. We emphasise the importance of germline CNVs and propose strategies to aid clinicians to better interpret structural variations and assess their clinical implications.
Published: 2013
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10. Rare genomic structural variants in complex disease: lessons from the replication of associations with obesity.

Author: Robin G Walters, Lachlan J M Coin, Aimo Ruokonen, Adam J de Smith, Julia S El-Sayed Moustafa, Sebastien Jacquemont, Paul Elliott, Tõnu Esko, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Jaana Laitinen, Katrin Männik, Danielle Martinet, David Meyre, Matthias Nauck, Claudia Schurmann, Rob Sladek, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdóttir, Armand Valsesia, Gerard Waeber, Flore Zufferey, Beverley Balkau, François Pattou, Andres Metspalu, Henry Völzke, Peter Vollenweider, Kári Stefansson, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Jacques S Beckmann, Philippe Froguel, and Alexandra I F Blakemore
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The limited ability of common variants to account for the genetic contribution to complex disease has prompted searches for rare variants of large effect, to partly explain the 'missing heritability'. Analyses of genome-wide genotyping data have identified genomic structural variants (GSVs) as a source of such rare causal variants. Recent studies have reported multiple GSV loci associated with risk of obesity. We attempted to replicate these associations by similar analysis of two familial-obesity case-control cohorts and a population cohort, and detected GSVs at 11 out of 18 loci, at frequencies similar to those previously reported. Based on their reported frequencies and effect sizes (OR≥25), we had sufficient statistical power to detect the large majority (80%) of genuine associations at these loci. However, only one obesity association was replicated. Deletion of a 220 kb region on chromosome 16p11.2 has a carrier population frequency of 2×10(-4) (95% confidence interval [9.6×10(-5)-3.1×10(-4)]); accounts overall for 0.5% [0.19%-0.82%] of severe childhood obesity cases (P = 3.8×10(-10); odds ratio = 25.0 [9.9-60.6]); and results in a mean body mass index (BMI) increase of 5.8 kg.m(-2) [1.8-10.3] in adults from the general population. We also attempted replication using BMI as a quantitative trait in our population cohort; associations with BMI at or near nominal significance were detected at two further loci near KIF2B and within FOXP2, but these did not survive correction for multiple testing. These findings emphasise several issues of importance when conducting rare GSV association, including the need for careful cohort selection and replication strategy, accurate GSV identification, and appropriate correction for multiple testing and/or control of false discovery rate. Moreover, they highlight the potential difficulty in replicating rare CNV associations across different populations. Nevertheless, we show that such studies are potentially valuable for the identification of variants making an appreciable contribution to complex disease.
Published: 2013
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11. Mapping genetic variants associated with beta-adrenergic responses in inbred mice.

Author: Micha Hersch, Bastian Peter, Hyun Min Kang, Fanny Schüpfer, Hugues Abriel, Thierry Pedrazzini, Eleazar Eskin, Jacques S Beckmann, Sven Bergmann, and Fabienne Maurer
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: β-blockers and β-agonists are primarily used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Inter-individual variability in response to both drug classes is well recognized, yet the identity and relative contribution of the genetic players involved are poorly understood. This work is the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) addressing the values and susceptibility of cardiovascular-related traits to a selective β(1)-blocker, Atenolol (ate), and a β-agonist, Isoproterenol (iso). The phenotypic dataset consisted of 27 highly heritable traits, each measured across 22 inbred mouse strains and four pharmacological conditions. The genotypic panel comprised 79922 informative SNPs of the mouse HapMap resource. Associations were mapped by Efficient Mixed Model Association (EMMA), a method that corrects for the population structure and genetic relatedness of the various strains. A total of 205 separate genome-wide scans were analyzed. The most significant hits include three candidate loci related to cardiac and body weight, three loci for electrocardiographic (ECG) values, two loci for the susceptibility of atrial weight index to iso, four loci for the susceptibility of systolic blood pressure (SBP) to perturbations of the β-adrenergic system, and one locus for the responsiveness of QTc (p
Published: 2012
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12. Association of eGFR-Related Loci Identified by GWAS with Incident CKD and ESRD.

Author: Carsten A Böger, Mathias Gorski, Man Li, Michael M Hoffmann, Chunmei Huang, Qiong Yang, Alexander Teumer, Vera Krane, Conall M O'Seaghdha, Zoltán Kutalik, H-Erich Wichmann, Thomas Haak, Eva Boes, Stefan Coassin, Josef Coresh, Barbara Kollerits, Margot Haun, Bernhard Paulweber, Anna Köttgen, Guo Li, Michael G Shlipak, Neil Powe, Shih-Jen Hwang, Abbas Dehghan, Fernando Rivadeneira, André Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman, Jacques S Beckmann, Bernhard K Krämer, Jacqueline Witteman, Murielle Bochud, David Siscovick, Rainer Rettig, Florian Kronenberg, Christoph Wanner, Ravi I Thadhani, Iris M Heid, Caroline S Fox, W H Kao, and CKDGen Consortium
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Family studies suggest a genetic component to the etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Previously, we identified 16 loci for eGFR in genome-wide association studies, but the associations of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for incident CKD or ESRD are unknown. We thus investigated the association of these loci with incident CKD in 26,308 individuals of European ancestry free of CKD at baseline drawn from eight population-based cohorts followed for a median of 7.2 years (including 2,122 incident CKD cases defined as eGFR
Published: 2011
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13. Network-guided analysis of genes with altered somatic copy number and gene expression reveals pathways commonly perturbed in metastatic melanoma.

Author: Armand Valsesia, Donata Rimoldi, Danielle Martinet, Mark Ibberson, Paola Benaglio, Manfredo Quadroni, Patrice Waridel, Muriel Gaillard, Mireille Pidoux, Blandine Rapin, Carlo Rivolta, Ioannis Xenarios, Andrew J G Simpson, Stylianos E Antonarakis, Jacques S Beckmann, C Victor Jongeneel, Christian Iseli, and Brian J Stevenson
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Cancer genomes frequently contain somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) that can significantly perturb the expression level of affected genes and thus disrupt pathways controlling normal growth. In melanoma, many studies have focussed on the copy number and gene expression levels of the BRAF, PTEN and MITF genes, but little has been done to identify new genes using these parameters at the genome-wide scale. Using karyotyping, SNP and CGH arrays, and RNA-seq, we have identified SCNA affecting gene expression ('SCNA-genes') in seven human metastatic melanoma cell lines. We showed that the combination of these techniques is useful to identify candidate genes potentially involved in tumorigenesis. Since few of these alterations were recurrent across our samples, we used a protein network-guided approach to determine whether any pathways were enriched in SCNA-genes in one or more samples. From this unbiased genome-wide analysis, we identified 28 significantly enriched pathway modules. Comparison with two large, independent melanoma SCNA datasets showed less than 10% overlap at the individual gene level, but network-guided analysis revealed 66% shared pathways, including all but three of the pathways identified in our data. Frequently altered pathways included WNT, cadherin signalling, angiogenesis and melanogenesis. Additionally, our results emphasize the potential of the EPHA3 and FRS2 gene products, involved in angiogenesis and migration, as possible therapeutic targets in melanoma. Our study demonstrates the utility of network-guided approaches, for both large and small datasets, to identify pathways recurrently perturbed in cancer.
Published: 2011
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14. Genome-wide meta-analysis for serum calcium identifies significantly associated SNPs near the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene.

Author: Karen Kapur, Toby Johnson, Noam D Beckmann, Joban Sehmi, Toshiko Tanaka, Zoltán Kutalik, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Weihua Zhang, Diana Marek, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Yuri Milaneschi, Hilma Holm, Angelo Diiorio, Dawn Waterworth, Yun Li, Andrew B Singleton, Unnur S Bjornsdottir, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Dena G Hernandez, Ranil Desilva, Paul Elliott, Gudmundur I Eyjolfsson, Jack M Guralnik, James Scott, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Stefania Bandinelli, John Chambers, Kari Stefansson, Gérard Waeber, Luigi Ferrucci, Jaspal S Kooner, Vincent Mooser, Peter Vollenweider, Jacques S Beckmann, Murielle Bochud, and Sven Bergmann
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Calcium has a pivotal role in biological functions, and serum calcium levels have been associated with numerous disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, as well as with cardiovascular mortality. Here we report results from a genome-wide association study of serum calcium, integrating data from four independent cohorts including a total of 12,865 individuals of European and Indian Asian descent. Our meta-analysis shows that serum calcium is associated with SNPs in or near the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene on 3q13. The top hit with a p-value of 6.3 x 10(-37) is rs1801725, a missense variant, explaining 1.26% of the variance in serum calcium. This SNP had the strongest association in individuals of European descent, while for individuals of Indian Asian descent the top hit was rs17251221 (p = 1.1 x 10(-21)), a SNP in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs1801725. The strongest locus in CASR was shown to replicate in an independent Icelandic cohort of 4,126 individuals (p = 1.02 x 10(-4)). This genome-wide meta-analysis shows that common CASR variants modulate serum calcium levels in the adult general population, which confirms previous results in some candidate gene studies of the CASR locus. This study highlights the key role of CASR in calcium regulation.
Published: 2010
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15. Global transcriptional programs in peripheral nerve endoneurium and DRG are resistant to the onset of type 1 diabetic neuropathy in Ins2 mice.

Author: Anne-Sophie de Preux Charles, Valérie Verdier, Jennifer Zenker, Bastian Peter, Jean-Jacques Médard, Thierry Kuntzer, Jacques S Beckmann, Sven Bergmann, and Roman Chrast
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: While the morphological and electrophysiological changes underlying diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are relatively well described, the involved molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether phenotypic changes associated with early DPN are correlated with transcriptional alterations in the neuronal (dorsal root ganglia [DRG]) or the glial (endoneurium) compartments of the peripheral nerve. We used Ins2(Akita/+) mice to study transcriptional changes underlying the onset of DPN in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Weight, blood glucose and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were measured in Ins2(Akita/+) and control mice during the first three months of life in order to determine the onset of DPN. Based on this phenotypic characterization, we performed gene expression profiling using sciatic nerve endoneurium and DRG isolated from pre-symptomatic and early symptomatic Ins2(Akita/+) mice and sex-matched littermate controls. Our phenotypic analysis of Ins2(Akita/+) mice revealed that DPN, as measured by reduced MNCV, is detectable in affected animals already one week after the onset of hyperglycemia. Surprisingly, the onset of DPN was not associated with any major persistent changes in gene expression profiles in either sciatic nerve endoneurium or DRG. Our data thus demonstrated that the transcriptional programs in both endoneurial and neuronal compartments of the peripheral nerve are relatively resistant to the onset of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia suggesting that either minor transcriptional alterations or changes on the proteomic level are responsible for the functional deficits associated with the onset of DPN in type 1 DM.
Published: 2010
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16. Common genetic variation and the control of HIV-1 in humans.

Author: Jacques Fellay, Dongliang Ge, Kevin V Shianna, Sara Colombo, Bruno Ledergerber, Elizabeth T Cirulli, Thomas J Urban, Kunlin Zhang, Curtis E Gumbs, Jason P Smith, Antonella Castagna, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Andrea De Luca, Philippa Easterbrook, Huldrych F Günthard, Simon Mallal, Cristina Mussini, Judith Dalmau, Javier Martinez-Picado, José M Miro, Niels Obel, Steven M Wolinsky, Jeremy J Martinson, Roger Detels, Joseph B Margolick, Lisa P Jacobson, Patrick Descombes, Stylianos E Antonarakis, Jacques S Beckmann, Stephen J O'Brien, Norman L Letvin, Andrew J McMichael, Barton F Haynes, Mary Carrington, Sheng Feng, Amalio Telenti, David B Goldstein, and NIAID Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI)
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: To extend the understanding of host genetic determinants of HIV-1 control, we performed a genome-wide association study in a cohort of 2,554 infected Caucasian subjects. The study was powered to detect common genetic variants explaining down to 1.3% of the variability in viral load at set point. We provide overwhelming confirmation of three associations previously reported in a genome-wide study and show further independent effects of both common and rare variants in the Major Histocompatibility Complex region (MHC). We also examined the polymorphisms reported in previous candidate gene studies and fail to support a role for any variant outside of the MHC or the chemokine receptor cluster on chromosome 3. In addition, we evaluated functional variants, copy-number polymorphisms, epistatic interactions, and biological pathways. This study thus represents a comprehensive assessment of common human genetic variation in HIV-1 control in Caucasians.
Published: 2009
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17. Cardiovascular response to beta-adrenergic blockade or activation in 23 inbred mouse strains.

Author: Corinne Berthonneche, Bastian Peter, Fanny Schüpfer, Pamela Hayoz, Zoltán Kutalik, Hugues Abriel, Thierry Pedrazzini, Jacques S Beckmann, Sven Bergmann, and Fabienne Maurer
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: We report the characterisation of 27 cardiovascular-related traits in 23 inbred mouse strains. Mice were phenotyped either in response to chronic administration of a single dose of the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol or under a low and a high dose of the beta-agonist isoproterenol and compared to baseline condition. The robustness of our data is supported by high trait heritabilities (typically H(2)>0.7) and significant correlations of trait values measured in baseline condition with independent multistrain datasets of the Mouse Phenome Database. We then focused on the drug-, dose-, and strain-specific responses to beta-stimulation and beta-blockade of a selection of traits including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, cardiac weight indices, ECG parameters and body weight. Because of the wealth of data accumulated, we applied integrative analyses such as comprehensive bi-clustering to investigate the structure of the response across the different phenotypes, strains and experimental conditions. Information extracted from these analyses is discussed in terms of novelty and biological implications. For example, we observe that traits related to ventricular weight in most strains respond only to the high dose of isoproterenol, while heart rate and atrial weight are already affected by the low dose. Finally, we observe little concordance between strain similarity based on the phenotypes and genotypic relatedness computed from genomic SNP profiles. This indicates that cardiovascular phenotypes are unlikely to segregate according to global phylogeny, but rather be governed by smaller, local differences in the genetic architecture of the various strains.
Published: 2009
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18. Meta-analysis of 28,141 individuals identifies common variants within five new loci that influence uric acid concentrations.

Author: Melanie Kolz, Toby Johnson, Serena Sanna, Alexander Teumer, Veronique Vitart, Markus Perola, Massimo Mangino, Eva Albrecht, Chris Wallace, Martin Farrall, Asa Johansson, Dale R Nyholt, Yurii Aulchenko, Jacques S Beckmann, Sven Bergmann, Murielle Bochud, Morris Brown, Harry Campbell, EUROSPAN Consortium, John Connell, Anna Dominiczak, Georg Homuth, Claudia Lamina, Mark I McCarthy, ENGAGE Consortium, Thomas Meitinger, Vincent Mooser, Patricia Munroe, Matthias Nauck, John Peden, Holger Prokisch, Perttu Salo, Veikko Salomaa, Nilesh J Samani, David Schlessinger, Manuela Uda, Uwe Völker, Gérard Waeber, Dawn Waterworth, Rui Wang-Sattler, Alan F Wright, Jerzy Adamski, John B Whitfield, Ulf Gyllensten, James F Wilson, Igor Rudan, Peter Pramstaller, Hugh Watkins, PROCARDIS Consortium, Angela Doering, H-Erich Wichmann, KORA Study, Tim D Spector, Leena Peltonen, Henry Völzke, Ramaiah Nagaraja, Peter Vollenweider, Mark Caulfield, WTCCC, Thomas Illig, and Christian Gieger
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Elevated serum uric acid levels cause gout and are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. To investigate the polygenetic basis of serum uric acid levels, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association scans from 14 studies totalling 28,141 participants of European descent, resulting in identification of 954 SNPs distributed across nine loci that exceeded the threshold of genome-wide significance, five of which are novel. Overall, the common variants associated with serum uric acid levels fall in the following nine regions: SLC2A9 (p = 5.2x10(-201)), ABCG2 (p = 3.1x10(-26)), SLC17A1 (p = 3.0x10(-14)), SLC22A11 (p = 6.7x10(-14)), SLC22A12 (p = 2.0x10(-9)), SLC16A9 (p = 1.1x10(-8)), GCKR (p = 1.4x10(-9)), LRRC16A (p = 8.5x10(-9)), and near PDZK1 (p = 2.7x10(-9)). Identified variants were analyzed for gender differences. We found that the minor allele for rs734553 in SLC2A9 has greater influence in lowering uric acid levels in women and the minor allele of rs2231142 in ABCG2 elevates uric acid levels more strongly in men compared to women. To further characterize the identified variants, we analyzed their association with a panel of metabolites. rs12356193 within SLC16A9 was associated with DL-carnitine (p = 4.0x10(-26)) and propionyl-L-carnitine (p = 5.0x10(-8)) concentrations, which in turn were associated with serum UA levels (p = 1.4x10(-57) and p = 8.1x10(-54), respectively), forming a triangle between SNP, metabolites, and UA levels. Taken together, these associations highlight additional pathways that are important in the regulation of serum uric acid levels and point toward novel potential targets for pharmacological intervention to prevent or treat hyperuricemia. In addition, these findings strongly support the hypothesis that transport proteins are key in regulating serum uric acid levels.
Published: 2009
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19. In vitro whole-genome analysis identifies a susceptibility locus for HIV-1.

Author: Corinne Loeuillet, Samuel Deutsch, Angela Ciuffi, Daniel Robyr, Patrick Taffé, Miguel Muñoz, Jacques S Beckmann, Stylianos E Antonarakis, and Amalio Telenti
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Advances in large-scale analysis of human genomic variability provide unprecedented opportunities to study the genetic basis of susceptibility to infectious agents. We report here the use of an in vitro system for the identification of a locus on HSA8q24.3 associated with cellular susceptibility to HIV-1. This locus was mapped through quantitative linkage analysis using cell lines from multigeneration families, validated in vitro, and followed up by two independent association studies in HIV-positive individuals. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs2572886, which is associated with cellular susceptibility to HIV-1 in lymphoblastoid B cells and in primary T cells, was also associated with accelerated disease progression in one of two cohorts of HIV-1-infected patients. Biological analysis suggests a role of the rs2572886 region in the regulation of the LY6 family of glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. Genetic analysis of in vitro cellular phenotypes provides an attractive approach for the discovery of susceptibility loci to infectious agents.
Published: 2008
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20. The zinc transporter SLC39A13/ZIP13 is required for connective tissue development; its involvement in BMP/TGF-beta signaling pathways.

Author: Toshiyuki Fukada, Natacha Civic, Tatsuya Furuichi, Shinji Shimoda, Kenji Mishima, Hiroyuki Higashiyama, Yayoi Idaira, Yoshinobu Asada, Hiroshi Kitamura, Satoru Yamasaki, Shintaro Hojyo, Manabu Nakayama, Osamu Ohara, Haruhiko Koseki, Heloisa G Dos Santos, Luisa Bonafe, Russia Ha-Vinh, Andreas Zankl, Sheila Unger, Marius E Kraenzlin, Jacques S Beckmann, Ichiro Saito, Carlo Rivolta, Shiro Ikegawa, Andrea Superti-Furga, and Toshio Hirano
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundZinc (Zn) is an essential trace element and it is abundant in connective tissues, however biological roles of Zn and its transporters in those tissues and cells remain unknown.Methodology/principal findingsHere we report that mice deficient in Zn transporter Slc39a13/Zip13 show changes in bone, teeth and connective tissue reminiscent of the clinical spectrum of human Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). The Slc39a13 knockout (Slc39a13-KO) mice show defects in the maturation of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, odontoblasts, and fibroblasts. In the corresponding tissues and cells, impairment in bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and TGF-beta signaling were observed. Homozygosity for a SLC39A13 loss of function mutation was detected in sibs affected by a unique variant of EDS that recapitulates the phenotype observed in Slc39a13-KO mice.Conclusions/significanceHence, our results reveal a crucial role of SLC39A13/ZIP13 in connective tissue development at least in part due to its involvement in the BMP/TGF-beta signaling pathways. The Slc39a13-KO mouse represents a novel animal model linking zinc metabolism, BMP/TGF-beta signaling and connective tissue dysfunction.
Published: 2008
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21. Drug-target identification in COVID-19 disease mechanisms using computational systems biology approaches

Author: Anna Niarakis, Marek Ostaszewski, Alexander Mazein, Inna Kuperstein, Martina Kutmon, Marc E. Gillespie, Akira Funahashi, Marcio Luis Acencio, Ahmed Hemedan, Michael Aichem, Karsten Klein, Tobias Czauderna, Felicia Burtscher, Takahiro G. Yamada, Yusuke Hiki, Noriko F. Hiroi, Finterly Hu, Nhung Pham, Friederike Ehrhart, Egon L. Willighagen, Alberto Valdeolivas, Aurelien Dugourd, Francesco Messina, Marina Esteban-Medina, Maria Peña-Chilet, Kinza Rian, Sylvain Soliman, Sara Sadat Aghamiri, Bhanwar Lal Puniya, Aurélien Naldi, Tomáš Helikar, Vidisha Singh, Marco Fariñas Fernández, Viviam Bermudez, Eirini Tsirvouli, Arnau Montagud, Vincent Noël, Miguel Ponce-de-Leon, Dieter Maier, Angela Bauch, Benjamin M. Gyori, John A. Bachman, Augustin Luna, Janet Piñero, Laura I. Furlong, Irina Balaur, Adrien Rougny, Yohan Jarosz, Rupert W. Overall, Robert Phair, Livia Perfetto, Lisa Matthews, Devasahayam Arokia Balaya Rex, Marija Orlic-Milacic, Luis Cristobal Monraz Gomez, Bertrand De Meulder, Jean Marie Ravel, Bijay Jassal, Venkata Satagopam, Guanming Wu, Martin Golebiewski, Piotr Gawron, Laurence Calzone, Jacques S. Beckmann, Chris T. Evelo, Peter D’Eustachio, Falk Schreiber, Julio Saez-Rodriguez, Joaquin Dopazo, Martin Kuiper, Alfonso Valencia, Olaf Wolkenhauer, Hiroaki Kitano, Emmanuel Barillot, Charles Auffray, Rudi Balling, Reinhard Schneider, and the COVID-19 Disease Map Community
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, systems biology, disease maps, mechanistic models, dynamic models, systems medicine, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: IntroductionThe COVID-19 Disease Map project is a large-scale community effort uniting 277 scientists from 130 Institutions around the globe. We use high-quality, mechanistic content describing SARS-CoV-2-host interactions and develop interoperable bioinformatic pipelines for novel target identification and drug repurposing. MethodsExtensive community work allowed an impressive step forward in building interfaces between Systems Biology tools and platforms. Our framework can link biomolecules from omics data analysis and computational modelling to dysregulated pathways in a cell-, tissue- or patient-specific manner. Drug repurposing using text mining and AI-assisted analysis identified potential drugs, chemicals and microRNAs that could target the identified key factors.ResultsResults revealed drugs already tested for anti-COVID-19 efficacy, providing a mechanistic context for their mode of action, and drugs already in clinical trials for treating other diseases, never tested against COVID-19. DiscussionThe key advance is that the proposed framework is versatile and expandable, offering a significant upgrade in the arsenal for virus-host interactions and other complex pathologies.
Published: 2024
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22. New quality measure for SNP array based CNV detection.

Author: A. Macé, M. A. Tuke, Jacques S. Beckmann, L. Lin, S. Jacquemont, Michael N. Weedon, Alexandre Reymond, and Zoltán Kutalik
Published: 2016
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23. Computational Problems in Perfect Phylogeny Haplotyping: Xor-Genotypes and Tag SNPs.

Author: Tamar Barzuza, Jacques S. Beckmann, Ron Shamir, and Itsik Pe'er
Published: 2004
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24. Resolution of haplotypes and haplotype frequencies from SNP genotypes of pooled samples.

Author: Itsik Pe'er and Jacques S. Beckmann
Published: 2003
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25. Computational Problems in Perfect Phylogeny Haplotyping: Typing without Calling the Allele.

Author: Tamar Barzuza, Jacques S. Beckmann, Ron Shamir, and Itsik Pe'er
Published: 2008
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26. FoldIndex copyright: a simple tool to predict whether a given protein sequence is intrinsically unfolded.

Author: Jaime Prilusky, Clifford E. Felder, Tzviya Zeev-Ben-Mordehai, Edwin H. Rydberg, Orna Man, Jacques S. Beckmann, Israel Silman, and Joel L. Sussman
Published: 2005
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27. The GA4GH Phenopacket schema: A computable representation of clinical data for precision medicine

Author: Leslie Matalonga, Julius O.B. Jacobsen, Claus Weiland, Robin Steinhaus, Gareth Baynam, Michael Baudis, Nicole Vasilevsky, Mélanie Courtot, Damian Smedley, Kent Lloyd, Nomi L. Harris, Núria Queralt-Rosinach, Jacques S. Beckmann, Aly Khalifa, Jagadish Chandrabose Sundaramurthi, Nikolas Pontikos, Anastasios Siapos, Tudor Groza, Peter Krawitz, Daniel Danis, Sylvia Thun, Sebastian Koehler, Tiffany J. Callahan, Christopher J. Mungall, Lindsay Smith, Sergi Beltran, Monica C. Munoz-Torres, Robert R. Freimuth, Melissa Haendel, Marco Roos, Davide Piscia, Ada Hamosh, Christopher G. Chute, Anastasios Papakonstantinou, Alejandro Metke-Jimenez, Heikki Lehvaeslaiho, Jeremy L. Warner, Julie A. McMurry, Alex H. Wagner, Michael A. Gargano, Emilia M. Swietlik, Brian J Laraway, Paul N. Schofield, Peter N. Robinson, Rajaram Kaliyaperumal, Olivier Elemento, and Soichi Ogishima
Subjects: Schema (genetic algorithms), ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Computer science, business.industry, Representation (systemics), Translational research, Genomics, Disease, Personalized medicine, Precision medicine, business, Data science, Biobank
Abstract: Despite great strides in the development and wide acceptance of standards for exchanging structured information about genomic variants, there is no corresponding standard for exchanging phenotypic data, and this has impeded the sharing of phenotypic information for computational analysis. Here, we introduce the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) Phenopacket schema, which supports exchange of computable longitudinal case-level phenotypic information for diagnosis and research of all types of disease including Mendelian and complex genetic diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases. To support translational research, diagnostics, and personalized healthcare, phenopackets are designed to be used across a comprehensive landscape of applications including biobanks, databases and registries, clinical information systems such as Electronic Health Records, genomic matchmaking, diagnostic laboratories, and computational tools. The Phenopacket schema is a freely available, community-driven standard that streamlines exchange and systematic use of phenotypic data and will facilitate sophisticated computational analysis of both clinical and genomic information to help improve our understanding of diseases and our ability to manage them.
Published: 2021
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28. New quality measure for SNP array based CNV detection

Author: Michael N. Weedon, Zoltán Kutalik, Sébastien Jacquemont, Jacques S. Beckmann, L. Lin, Marcus A. Tuke, Aurélien Macé, and Alexandre Reymond
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Statistics and Probability, DNA Copy Number Variations, Computer science, Computational biology, Biochemistry, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Computer Science Applications, 03 medical and health sciences, Computational Mathematics, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Nucleotide variation, Humans, Copy-number variation, Molecular Biology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Software, Genetic association, SNP array, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Motivation: Only a few large systematic studies have evaluated the impact of copy number variants (CNVs) on common diseases. Several million individuals have been genotyped on single nucleotide variation arrays, which could be used for genome-wide CNVs association studies. However, CNV calls remain prone to false positives and only empirical filtering strategies exist in the literature. To overcome this issue, we defined a new quality score (QS) estimating the probability of a CNV called by PennCNV to be confirmed by other software. Results: Out-of-sample comparison showed that the correlation between the consensus CNV status and the QS is twice as high as it is for any previously proposed CNV filters. ROC curves displayed an AUC higher than 0.8 and simulations showed an increase up to 20% in statistical power when using QS in comparison to other filtering strategies. Superior performance was confirmed also for alternative consensus CNV definition and through improving known CNV-trait associations. Availability and Implementation: http://goo.gl/T6yuFM Contact: zoltan.kutalik@unil.ch or aurelien@mace@unil.ch Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Published: 2021

29. COVID-19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms

Author: Dezso Modos, Julia Scheel, Ralf Stephan, Piotr Gawron, Kristina Hanspers, Jean-Marie Ravel, Alexander Mazein, Corinna Montrone, Alberto Valdeolivas, Marek Ostaszewski, Susan L. Coort, Hiroaki Kitano, Tom C. Freeman, Vera Ortseifen, Vanessa Nakonecnij, M Orlic-Milacic, Jan Hasenauer, Veronica Shamovsky, Venkata P. Satagopam, Goar Frishman, M. Vazquez, D A B Rex, Miguel Ponce de Leon, Sylvain Soliman, Luana Licata, Ebru Kocakaya, Kinza Rian, Yusuke Hiki, Marton Olbei, Martina Kutmon, Bijay Jassal, Akira Funahashi, Lisa Matthews, Xiaoming Hu, Marcio Luis Acencio, Zsolt Bocskei, Robin Haw, Joaquín Dopazo, Agatha Treveil, Andrea Senff-Ribeiro, Tomáš Helikar, Chris T. Evelo, John A. Bachman, Julio Saez-Rodriguez, Takahiro G. Yamada, Emmanuel Barillot, Anton Yuryev, Bertrand De Meulder, Matti Hoch, Guanming Wu, Daniela Börnigen, Rudi Balling, Karen Rothfels, Pablo Porras, Hanna Borlinghaus, Andreas Dräger, Aurélien Naldi, Marta Iannuccelli, Leonard Schmiester, Dieter Maier, Jason E. Shoemaker, Valentin Grouès, Jakob Vanhoefer, Marius Rameil, Sara Sadat Aghamiri, Tobias Czauderna, Inna Kuperstein, Nhung Pham, Reinhard Schneider, Marina Esteban-Medina, Carole Goble, Benjamin M. Gyori, Emily E. Ackerman, Anita de Waard, Bhanwar Lal Puniya, Olaf Wolkenhauer, Alfonso Valencia, Julia Somers, Ewa Smula, Gisela Fobo, Robert Phair, Chris Sander, Laurent Heirendt, Carlos Vega, Jeremy Teuton, Emek Demir, Alina Renz, Tamas Korcsmaros, Vidisha Singh, Anastasia P. Nesterova, Andreas Ruepp, Lars M. T. Eijssen, Thawfeek M. Varusai, Aurelien Dugourd, Silvia Marchesi, Cristoffer Sevilla, Falk Schreiber, Barbara Brauner, Noriko Hiroi, Augustin Luna, Muying Wang, Shailendra K. Gupta, Egon Willighagen, Charles Auffray, Denise Slenter, Kristie L. Oxford, Franck Augé, Friederike Ehrhart, Muhammad Naveez, Stuart Owen, Arnau Montagud, Liam Fergusson, Enrico Glaab, Martin Golebiewski, Laurence Calzone, Alexander R. Pico, Dénes Türei, Marvin Martens, Henning Hermjakob, Rupert W. Overall, Jeremy Zucker, Özgün Babur, Gokce Yagmur Summak, Lincoln Stein, Anders Riutta, Anna Niarakis, Aurelio Orta-Resendiz, Francesca Sacco, Maria Peña-Chilet, Marta Conti, Jacques S. Beckmann, Angela Bauch, and University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg]
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Computer science, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Interoperability, Disease, Data science, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Domain (software engineering), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Relevance (information retrieval), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: We describe a large-scale community effort to build an open-access, interoperable, and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms - the COVID-19 Disease Map. We discuss the tools, platforms, and guidelines necessary for the distributed development of its contents by a multi-faceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians, and computational biologists. We highlight the role of relevant databases and text mining approaches in the enrichment and validation of the curated mechanisms. We describe the contents of the Map and their relevance to the molecular pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the analytical and computational modelling approaches that can be applied for mechanistic data interpretation and predictions. We conclude by demonstrating concrete applications of our work through several use cases and highlight new testable hypotheses.; We describe a large-scale community effort to build an open-access, interoperable, and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms - the COVID-19 Disease Map. We discuss the tools, platforms, and guidelines necessary for the distributed development of its contents by a multi-faceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians, and computational biologists. We highlight the role of relevant databases and text mining approaches in the enrichment and validation of the curated mechanisms. We describe the contents of the Map and their relevance to the molecular pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the analytical and computational modelling approaches that can be applied for mechanistic data interpretation and predictions. We conclude by demonstrating concrete applications of our work through several use cases and highlight new testable hypotheses.
Published: 2021

30. Great future or greedy venture: Precision medicine needs philosophy

Author: Jacques S. Beckmann, Fei Jiao, Ruoyu Guo, Yun Yang, Jin-Xia Hu, Shu-Yang Xie, Zhonghai Yan, and Xin Wang
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, model, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Computer science, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), precision medicine, Reviews, General Medicine, Review, system, Precision medicine, data, Argument, Medicine, biomarker, cancer, Engineering ethics
Abstract: Introduction Over the past decade, we have witnessed the initiation and implementation of precision medicine (PM), a discipline that promises to individualize and personalize medical management and treatment, rendering them ultimately more precise and effective. Despite of the continuing advances and numerous clinical applications, the potential of PM remains highly controversial, sparking heated debates about its future. Method The present article reviews the philosophical issues and practical challenges that are critical to the feasibility and implementation of PM. Outcome The explanation and argument about the relations between PM and computability, uncertainty as well as complexity, show that key foundational assumptions of PM might not be fully validated. Conclusion The present analysis suggests that our current understanding of PM is probably oversimplified and too superficial. More efforts are needed to realize the hope that PM has elicited, rather than make the term just as a hype.
Published: 2021

31. Genome-wide association study identifies 48 common genetic variants associated with handedness

Author: Inês Barroso, Gail Davies, H.-Erich Wichmann, Bjarke Feenstra, Peter Vollenweider, Nicholas J. Timpson, Alan F. Wright, Frank Geller, Gérard Waeber, John M. Starr, Benjamin M. Neale, George Davey Smith, Tõnu Esko, Ruth J. F. Loos, Andrew A. Hicks, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Dorret I. Boomsma, Harry Campbell, Zoltán Kutalik, David M. Evans, Scott D. Gordon, Eva Albrecht, Peter P. Pramstaller, Leena Peltonen, Jing Hua Zhao, Lavinia Paternoster, Thomas Hansen, Massimo Mangino, Fazil Aliev, Beate St Pourcain, Panos Deloukas, Heather A. Boyd, Guillaume Paré, Marco P. Boks, Monique M.B. Breteler, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Xin Li, Kari Stefansson, Ian J. Deary, Jari Lahti, Inga Prokopenko, Nicholas Eriksson, Lili Milani, Nicholas J. Wareham, Jordan W. Smoller, Norman Klopp, Lynn Cherkas, Reedik Mägi, Margaret J. Wright, Peter Kraft, Jacques S. Beckmann, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Gabriel Cuellar-Partida, André G. Uitterlinden, Fernando Rivadeneira, Wendy L. McArdle, Johan G. Eriksson, Jiali Han, Jennifer E. Huffman, Andres Metspalu, J.M. Vink, Frank J. A. van Rooij, Christian Gieger, M. Arfan Ikram, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Aarno Palotie, Daniel I. Chasman, Joyce Y. Tung, Liang-Dar Hwang, David A. Hinds, Elisabeth Widen, Caroline Hayward, Michelle Luciano, Johannes H. Smit, Gonneke Willemsen, Dale R. Nyholt, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Nicole M. Warrington, Teemu Palviainen, Stacy Steinberg, Kay-Tee Khaw, Kevin S. O’Connell, Bettina Konte, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Eco J. C. de Geus, John P. Kemp, Mads Melbye, Mark I. McCarthy, Sarah E. Medland, Jaakko Kaprio, Cameron D. Palmer, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Ina Giegling, Scott Melville, Thomas Werge, Nicole Soranzo, Sigurdur H. Magnusson, Maris Teder-Laving, Hreinn Stefansson, Kauko Heikkilä, Cornelia M. van Duijn, David L. Duffy, Samuli Ripatti, Igor Rudan, Annette M. Hartmann, Ole A. Andreassen, Mari Nelis, Ozren Polasek, Vincent Mooser, Mousheng Xu, Eero Vuoksimaa, Katri Räikkönen, Nicholas G. Martin, Dan Rujescu, Tim D. Spector, Dawn M. Waterworth, Danielle M. Dick, Roel A. Ophoff, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Psychiatry, Biological Psychology, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Pediatric surgery, and APH - Digital Health
Subjects: Male, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Linkage disequilibrium, Genome-wide association study, LANGUAGE DOMINANCE, Functional Laterality, Linkage Disequilibrium, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:150, Gene Frequency, SCHIZOPHRENIA, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Middle Aged, genetics [Genetic Variation], genetics [Functional Laterality], Schizophrenia, ASYMMETRY, genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], Female, Adult, Social Psychology, LATERALIZATION, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, genetics [Genetic Loci], Biology, Quantitative trait locus, Genetic correlation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, LINKAGE ANALYSIS, METAANALYSIS, MICROTUBULE, AUTISM, ORIGINS, SCREEN, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Sex Factors, Genetic linkage, medicine, Humans, Bipolar disorder, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association study, Aged, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, Genetic Loci, Autism, genetics [Gene Frequency], Developmental Psychopathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Handedness, a consistent asymmetry in skill or use of the hands, has been studied extensively because of its relationship with language and the over-representation of left-handers in some neurodevelopmental disorders. Using data from the UK Biobank, 23andMe and 32 studies from the International Handedness Consortium, we conducted the world’s largest genome-wide association study of handedness (1,534,836 right-handed, 194,198 (11.0%) left-handed and 37,637 (2.1%) ambidextrous individuals). We found 41 genetic loci associated with left-handedness and seven associated with ambidexterity at genome-wide levels of significance (P < 5×10−8). Tissue enrichment analysis implicated the central nervous system and brain tissues including the hippocampus and cerebrum in the etiology of left-handedness. Pathways including regulation of microtubules, neurogenesis, axonogenesis and hippocampus morphology were also highlighted. We found suggestive positive genetic correlations between being left-handed and some neuropsychiatric traits including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. SNP heritability analyses indicated that additive genetic effects of genotyped variants explained 5.9% (95% CI = 5.8% – 6.0%) of the underlying liability of being left-handed, while the narrow sense heritability was estimated at 12% (95% CI = 7.2% – 17.7%). Further, we show that genetic correlation between left-handedness and ambidexterity is low (rg = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.08 – 0.43) implying that these traits are largely influenced by different genetic mechanisms. In conclusion, our findings suggest that handedness, like many other complex traits is highly polygenic, and that the genetic variants that predispose to left-handedness may underlie part of the association with some psychiatric disorders that has been observed in multiple observational studies.
Published: 2021
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32. GA4GH: International policies and standards for data sharing across genomic research and healthcare

Author: Amber L. Johns, Ian Fore, Juha Törnroos, Melissa Haendel, Bimal Chaudhari, J. Patrick Woolley, Brian Walsh, Susan Fairley, Jonathan A. Tedds, Jessica Vamathevan, Martin Kuba, Clara L. Gaff, Ksenia Zaytseva, Sabine Oesterle, David Bujold, Sarion R. Bowers, Alexander Kanitz, Jordi Rambla, Anthony J. Brookes, Alice L. Mann, Gregory A. Rushton, Paul Flicek, Seik-Soon Khor, Khalid A. Fakhro, Aina Jene, Miro Cupak, Moran N. Cabili, Emilio Palumbo, Nathan C. Sheffield, Vivian Ota Wang, James K. Bonfield, Julius O.B. Jacobsen, Michael M. Hoffman, Neerjah Skantharajah, Ewan Birney, Rasko Leinonen, Anna Middleton, Anneke M. Lucassen, Ania Niewielska, Angela Page, Jeffrey Niu, Alastair A. Thomson, Elena M. Ghanaim, Albert V. Smith, Megan Doerr, Lena I. Dolman, Arcadi Navarro, Ada Hamosh, Sean Upchurch, Michael Baudis, Jerome Kelleher, Marc Fiume, Mikael Linden, Roderic Guigó, Orion J. Buske, Tristan H. Nelson, Kyle Ellrott, Lauren A. Fromont, Alex H. Wagner, Alexander Senf, Tommi Nyrönen, Michele Mattioni, David Haussler, Alejandro Metke-Jimenez, Francis Jeanson, Mélanie Courtot, David Hansen, Matthew H. Brush, Helen Parkinson, Peter Goodhand, Lindsay Smith, Jonathan Fuerth, Stephanie Li, Tim Beck, Debyani Chakravarty, Kristina Kekesi-Lafrance, Giselle Kerry, James A. Eddy, Torsten Schwede, Jaime M. Guidry Auvil, Xianglin Liu, Soichi Ogishima, Fiona Cunningham, Oliver Hofmann, Dean Hartley, Amy Nisselle, Katsushi Tokunaga, Alfonso Valencia, Hidewaki Nakagawa, Kurt W. Rodarmer, Lawrence J. Babb, Heidi J. Sofia, David Glazer, Angel Pizarro, Ammar Husami, Gil Alterovitz, Serena Scollen, J. Michael Cherry, Helen V. Firth, Zornitza Stark, Monica C. Munoz-Torres, Daniel L Cameron, Robert R. Freimuth, Manuel Rueda, Stephanie O.M. Dyke, Makoto Suematsu, Christina K. Yung, Rosalyn S. Ryan, Chisato Yamasaki, Michael S. Fitzsimons, Amanda B. Spurdle, Renee A. Rider, Karen Eilbeck, Ashley E. Hobb, Roman Valls Guimera, Calvin W. L. Ho, Robert L. Davies, Maxmillian P. Barkley, Malachi Griffith, Rishi Nag, Javier Lopez, Jacob Shujui Hsu, Isuru Udara Liyanage, Petr Holub, Dylan Spalding, Reece K. Hart, Barbara J. Wold, Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor, Sarah E. Hunt, Augusto Rendon, Danielle Denisko, Dipayan Gupta, Obi L. Griffith, Robert J. Carroll, Patrick Tan, Craig Voisin, Saumya Shekhar Jamuar, Mallory A. Freeberg, Michael Brudno, Andreas Prlic, Kenjiro Kosaki, Shu Hui Chen, Edward S. Dove, Tony Burdett, Anthony A. Philippakis, Richard Milne, Bartha Maria Knoppers, Kathryn North, David Torrents, Eva C. Winkler, Marc S. Williams, Melissa A. Konopko, Rachele M. Hendricks-Sturrup, Brian O'Connor, Grant M. Wood, Robert L. Grossman, Timothy L. Tickle, Michael F. Lin, Laura Lyman Rodriguez, Weiniu Gan, Laura A.D. Paglione, Justina Chung, Thomas M. Keane, Susan E. Wallace, Lyndon J. Zass, Heidi L. Rehm, Kazuto Kato, Alexander Bernier, Nicola Mulder, Jamal Nasir, Yann Joly, Junjun Zhang, Adrian Thorogood, Lincoln Stein, Guillaume Bourque, L. Jonathan Dursi, Tudor Groza, Jean-Pierre Hubaux, Coby Viner, Helen Schuilenburg, Sergi Beltran, Michael J.S. Beauvais, Hayley L. Clissold, Elizabeth L. Janes, Jacques S. Beckmann, Michael Lukowski, Melissa S. Cline, John F. Marshall, Alan F. Rubin, Tiffany Boughtwood, Peter N. Robinson, Robert C. Green, Robert Cook-Deegan, Esmeralda Casas-Silva, Jeremy Adams, Steven J.M. Jones, Gary I. Saunders, Danya F. Vears, Jonathan Lawson, Andrew D. Yates, David Bernick, Susheel Varma, Middleton, Anna [0000-0003-3103-8098], Milne, Richard [0000-0002-8770-2384], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Academy of Finland, Medical Research Future Fund, BioBank Japan, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, European Commission, German Research Foundation, Genome Canada, Google, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Mayo Clinic, Fundación 'la Caixa', Ministère de l'Économie et de l'Innovation (Québec), Monarch Initiative, National Human Genome Research Institute (US), National University of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research A*STAR (Singapore), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Institutes of Health (US), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), Terry Fox Research Institute, Canada Research Chairs, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science (Ontario), Ontario Genomics Institute, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Wellcome Trust, and National Taiwan University
Subjects: Standards, Knowledge management, data sharing, precision medicine, Interoperability, Technical standard, data federation, Article, 3105 Genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, data access, learning health system, Clinical Research, Health care, genomics, Genetics, Data federation, Data access, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Precision medicine, Human Genome, Learning health system, 3 Good Health and Well Being, Bioethics, Genomics, Health Services, 3. Good health, Data sharing, Data aggregator, Policy, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, FOS: Biological sciences, standards, Business, Generic health relevance, bioethics, policy, 31 Biological Sciences
Abstract: The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) aims to accelerate biomedical advances by enabling the responsible sharing of clinical and genomic data through both harmonized data aggregation and federated approaches. The decreasing cost of genomic sequencing (along with other genome-wide molecular assays) and increasing evidence of its clinical utility will soon drive the generation of sequence data from tens of millions of humans, with increasing levels of diversity. In this perspective, we present the GA4GH strategies for addressing the major challenges of this data revolution. We describe the GA4GH organization, which is fueled by the development efforts of eight Work Streams and informed by the needs of 24 Driver Projects and other key stakeholders. We present the GA4GH suite of secure, interoperable technical standards and policy frameworks and review the current status of standards, their relevance to key domains of research and clinical care, and future plans of GA4GH. Broad international participation in building, adopting, and deploying GA4GH standards and frameworks will catalyze an unprecedented effort in data sharing that will be critical to advancing genomic medicine and ensuring that all populations can access its benefits., B.P.C. acknowledges funding from Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital; T.H. Nyrönen acknowledges funding from Academy of Finland grant #31996; A.M.-J., K.N., T.F.B., O.M.H., and Z.S. acknowledge funding from Australian Medical Research Future Fund; M.S. acknowledges funding from Biobank Japan; D. Bujold and S.J.M.J. acknowledge funding from Canada Foundation for Innovation; L.J.D. acknowledges funding from Canada Foundation for Innovation Cyber Infrastructure grant #34860; D. Bujold and G.B. acknowledge funding from CANARIE; L.J.D. acknowledges funding from CANARIE Research Data Management contract #RDM-090 (CHORD) and #RDM2-053 (ClinDIG); K.K.-L. acknowledges funding from CanSHARE; T.L.T. acknowledges funding from Chan Zuckerberg Initiative; T. Burdett acknowledges funding from Chan Zuckerberg Initiative grant #2017-171671; D. Bujold, G.B., and L.D.S. acknowledge funding from CIHR; L.J.D. acknowledges funding from CIHR grant #404896; M.J.S.B. acknowledges funding from CIHR grant #SBD-163124; M. Courtot and M. Linden acknowledge funding from CINECA project EU Horizon 2020 grant #825775; D. Bujold and G.B. acknowledge funding from Compute Canada; F.M.-G. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – NFDI 1/1 “GHGA – German Human Genome-Phenome Archive; R.M.H.-S. acknowledges funding from Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy; S.B. and A.J.B. acknowledge funding from EJP-RD EU Horizon 2020 grant #825575; A. Niewielska, A.K., D.S., G.I.S., J.A.T., J.R., M.A.K., M. Baudis, M. Linden, S.B., S.S., T.H. Nyrönen, and T.M.K. acknowledge funding from ELIXIR; A. Niewielska acknowledges funding from EOSC-Life EU Horizon 2020 grant #824087; J.-P.H. acknowledges funding from ETH Domain Strategic Focal Area “Personalized Health and Related Technologies (PHRT)” grant #2017-201; F.M.-G. acknowledges funding from EUCANCan EU Horizon 2020 grant #825835; B.M.K., D. Bujold, G.B., L.D.S., M.J.S.B., N.S., S.E.W., and Y.J. acknowledge funding from Genome Canada; B.M.K., M.J.S.B., S.E.W., and Y.J. acknowledge funding from Genome Quebec; F.M.-G. acknowledges funding from German Human Genome-Phenome Archive; C. Voisin acknowledges funding from Google; A.J.B. acknowledges funding from Health Data Research UK Substantive Site Award; D.H. acknowledges funding from Howard Hughes Medical Institute; S.B. acknowledges funding from Instituto de Salud Carlos III; S.-S.K. and K.T. acknowledge funding from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED); S. Ogishima acknowledges funding from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) grant #20kk0205014h0005; C.Y. and K. Kosaki acknowledge funding from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) grant #JP18kk0205012; GEM Japan acknowledges funding from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) grants #19kk0205014h0004, #20kk0205014h0005, #20kk0205013h0005, #20kk0205012h0005, #20km0405401h0003, and #19km0405001h0104; J.R. acknowledges funding from La Caixa Foundation under project #LCF/PR/GN13/50260009; R.R.F. acknowledges funding from Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine; Y.J. and S.E.W. acknowledge funding from Ministère de l’Économie et de l’Innovation du Québec for the Can-SHARE Connect Project; S.E.W. and S.O.M.D. acknowledge funding from Ministère de l’Économie et de l’Innovation du Québec for the Can-SHARE grant #141210; M.A.H., M.C.M.-T., J.O.J., H.E.P., and P.N.R. acknowledge funding from Monarch Initiative grant #R24OD011883 and Phenomics First NHGRI grant #1RM1HG010860; A.L.M. and E.B. acknowledge funding from MRC grant #MC_PC_19024; P.T. acknowledges funding from National University of Singapore and Agency for Science, Technology and Research; J.M.C. acknowledges funding from NHGRI; A.H.W. acknowledges funding from NHGRI awards K99HG010157, R00HG010157, and R35HG011949; A.M.-J., K.N., D.P.H., O.M.H., T.F.B., and Z.S. acknowledge funding from NHMRC grants #GNT1113531 and #GNT2000001; D.L.C. acknowledges funding from NHMRC Ideas grant #1188098; A.B.S. acknowledges funding from NHMRC Investigator Fellowship grant #APP177524; J.M.C. and L.D.S. acknowledge funding from NIH; A.A.P. acknowledges funding from NIH Anvil; A.V.S. acknowledges funding from NIH contract #HHSN268201800002I (TOPMed Informatics Research Center); S.U. acknowledges funding from NIH ENCODE grant #UM1HG009443; M.C.M.-T. and M.A.H. acknowledge funding from NIH grant #1U13CA221044; R.J.C. acknowledges funding from NIH grants #1U24HG010262 and #1U2COD023196; M.G. acknowledges funding from NIH grant #R00HG007940; J.B.A., S.L., P.G., E.B., H.L.R., and L.S. acknowledge funding from NIH grant #U24HG011025; K.P.E. acknowledges funding from NIH grant #U2C-RM-160010; J.A.E. acknowledges funding from NIH NCATS grant #U24TR002306; M.M. acknowledges funding from NIH NCI contract #HHSN261201400008c and ID/IQ Agreement #17X146 under contract #HHSN2612015000031 and #75N91019D00024; R.M.C.-D. acknowledges funding from NIH NCI grant #R01CA237118; M. Cline acknowledges funding from NIH NCI grant #U01CA242954; K.P.E. acknowledges funding from NIH NCI ITCR grant #1U24CA231877-01; O.L.G. acknowledges funding from NIH NCI ITCR grant #U24CA237719; R.L.G. acknowledges funding from NIH NCI task order #17X147F10 under contract #HHSN261200800001E; A.F.R. acknowledges funding from NIH NHGRI grant #RM1HG010461; N.M. and L.J.Z. acknowledge funding from NIH NHGRI grant #U24HG006941; R.R.F., T.H. Nelson, L.J.B., and H.L.R. acknowledge funding from NIH NHGRI grant #U41HG006834; B.J.W. acknowledges funding from NIH NHGRI grant #UM1HG009443A; M. Cline acknowledges funding from NIH NHLBI BioData Catalyst Fellowship grant #5118777; M.M. acknowledges funding from NIH NHLBI BioData Catalyst Program grant #1OT3HL142478-01; N.C.S. acknowledges funding from NIH NIGMS grant #R35-GM128636; M.C.M.-T., M.A.H., P.N.R., and R.R.F. acknowledge funding from NIH NLM contract #75N97019P00280; E.B. and A.L.M. acknowledge funding from NIHR; R.G. acknowledges funding from Project Ris3CAT VEIS; S.B. acknowledges funding from RD-Connect, Seventh Framework Program grant #305444; J.K. acknowledges funding from Robertson Foundation; S.B. and A.J.B. acknowledge funding from Solve-RD, EU Horizon 2020 grant #779257; T.S. and S. Oesterle acknowledge funding from Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) and Swiss Personalized Health Network (SPHN), supported by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation SERI; S.J.M.J. acknowledges funding from Terry Fox Research Institute; A.E.H., M.P.B., M. Cupak, M.F., and J.F. acknowledge funding from the Digital Technology Supercluster; D.F.V. acknowledges funding from the Australian Medical Research Future Fund, as part of the Genomics Health Futures Mission grant #76749; M. Baudis acknowledges funding from the BioMedIT Network project of Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) and Swiss Personalized Health Network (SPHN); B.M.K. acknowledges funding from the Canada Research Chair in Law and Medicine and CIHR grant #SBD-163124; D.S., G.I.S., M.A.K., S.B., S.S., and T.H. Nyrönen acknowledge funding from the EU Horizon 2020 Beyond 1 Million Genomes (B1MG) Project grant #951724; P.F., A.D.Y., F.C., H.S., I.U.L., D. Gupta, M. Courtot, S.E.H., T. Burdett, T.M.K., and S.F. acknowledge funding from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory; Y.J. and S.E.W. acknowledge funding from the Government of Canada; P.G. acknowledges funding from the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute (OGI-206); J.Z. acknowledges funding from the Government of Ontario; C.K.Y. acknowledges funding from the Government of Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation; C. Viner and M.M.H. acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant #RGPIN-2015-03948 to M.M.H. and Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship to C.V.); K.K.-L. acknowledges funding from the Program for Integrated Database of Clinical and Genomic Information; J.K. acknowledges funding from the Robertson Foundation; D.F.V. acknowledges funding from the Victorian State Government through the Operational Infrastructure Support (OIS) Program; A.M.L., R.N., and H.V.F. acknowledge funding from Wellcome (collaborative award); F.C., H.S., P.F., and S.E.H. acknowledge funding from Wellcome Trust grant #108749/Z/15/Z; A.D.Y., H.S., I.U.L., M. Courtot, H.E.P., P.F., and T.M.K. acknowledge funding from Wellcome Trust grant #201535/Z/16/Z; A.M., J.K.B., R.J.M., R.M.D., and T.M.K. acknowledge funding from Wellcome Trust grant #206194; E.B., P.F., P.G., and S.F. acknowledge funding from Wellcome Trust grant #220544/Z/20/Z; A. Hamosh acknowledges funding from NIH NHGRI grant U41HG006627 and U54HG006542; J.S.H. acknowledges funding from National Taiwan University #91F701-45C and #109T098-02; the work of K.W.R. was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine, NIH. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. H.V.F. acknowledges funding from Wellcome Grant 200990/A/16/Z ‘Designing, developing and delivering integrated foundations for genomic medicine'.
Published: 2021
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33. COVID19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of virus–host interaction mechanisms

Author: Marek, Ostaszewski, Anna, Niarakis, Alexander, Mazein, Inna, Kuperstein, Robert, Phair, Aurelio, Orta‐Resendiz, Vidisha, Singh, Sara Sadat, Aghamiri, Marcio Luis, Acencio, Enrico, Glaab, Andreas, Ruepp, Gisela, Fobo, Corinna, Montrone, Barbara, Brauner, Goar, Frishman, Luis Cristóbal, Monraz Gómez, Julia, Somers, Matti, Hoch, Shailendra, Kumar Gupta, Julia, Scheel, Hanna, Borlinghaus, Tobias, Czauderna, Falk, Schreiber, Arnau, Montagud, Miguel, Ponce de Leon, Akira, Funahashi, Yusuke, Hiki, Noriko, Hiroi, Takahiro G, Yamada, Andreas, Dräger, Alina, Renz, Muhammad, Naveez, Zsolt, Bocskei, Francesco, Messina, Daniela, Börnigen, Liam, Fergusson, Marta, Conti, Marius, Rameil, Vanessa, Nakonecnij, Jakob, Vanhoefer, Leonard, Schmiester, Muying, Wang, Emily E, Ackerman, Jason E, Shoemaker, Jeremy, Zucker, Kristie, Oxford, Jeremy, Teuton, Ebru, Kocakaya, Gökçe Yağmur, Summak, Kristina, Hanspers, Martina, Kutmon, Susan, Coort, Lars, Eijssen, Friederike, Ehrhart, Devasahayam Arokia Balaya, Rex, Denise, Slenter, Marvin, Martens, Nhung, Pham, Robin, Haw, Bijay, Jassal, Lisa, Matthews, Marija, Orlic‐Milacic, Andrea, Senff Ribeiro, Karen, Rothfels, Veronica, Shamovsky, Ralf, Stephan, Cristoffer, Sevilla, Thawfeek, Varusai, Jean‐Marie, Ravel, Rupsha, Fraser, Vera, Ortseifen, Silvia, Marchesi, Piotr, Gawron, Ewa, Smula, Laurent, Heirendt, Venkata, Satagopam, Guanming, Wu, Anders, Riutta, Martin, Golebiewski, Stuart, Owen, Carole, Goble, Xiaoming, Hu, Rupert W, Overall, Dieter, Maier, Angela, Bauch, Benjamin M, Gyori, John A, Bachman, Carlos, Vega, Valentin, Grouès, Miguel, Vazquez, Pablo, Porras, Luana, Licata, Marta, Iannuccelli, Francesca, Sacco, Anastasia, Nesterova, Anton, Yuryev, Anita, de Waard, Denes, Turei, Augustin, Luna, Ozgun, Babur, Sylvain, Soliman, Alberto, Valdeolivas, Marina, Esteban‐Medina, Maria, Peña‐Chilet, Kinza, Rian, Tomáš, Helikar, Bhanwar Lal, Puniya, Dezso, Modos, Agatha, Treveil, Marton, Olbei, Bertrand, De Meulder, Stephane, Ballereau, Aurélien, Dugourd, Aurélien, Naldi, Vincent, Noël, Laurence, Calzone, Chris, Sander, Emek, Demir, Tamas, Korcsmaros, Tom C, Freeman, Franck, Augé, Jacques S, Beckmann, Jan, Hasenauer, Olaf, Wolkenhauer, Egon L, Wilighagen, Alexander R, Pico, Chris T, Evelo, Marc E, Gillespie, Lincoln D, Stein, Henning, Hermjakob, Peter, D'Eustachio, Julio, Saez‐Rodriguez, Joaquin, Dopazo, Alfonso, Valencia, Hiroaki, Kitano, Emmanuel, Barillot, Charles, Auffray, Rudi, Balling, Reinhard, Schneider, Marek, Ostaszewski, Anna, Niarakis, Alexander, Mazein, Inna, Kuperstein, Robert, Phair, Aurelio, Orta‐Resendiz, Vidisha, Singh, Sara Sadat, Aghamiri, Marcio Luis, Acencio, Enrico, Glaab, Andreas, Ruepp, Gisela, Fobo, Corinna, Montrone, Barbara, Brauner, Goar, Frishman, Luis Cristóbal, Monraz Gómez, Julia, Somers, Matti, Hoch, Shailendra, Kumar Gupta, Julia, Scheel, Hanna, Borlinghaus, Tobias, Czauderna, Falk, Schreiber, Arnau, Montagud, Miguel, Ponce de Leon, Akira, Funahashi, Yusuke, Hiki, Noriko, Hiroi, Takahiro G, Yamada, Andreas, Dräger, Alina, Renz, Muhammad, Naveez, Zsolt, Bocskei, Francesco, Messina, Daniela, Börnigen, Liam, Fergusson, Marta, Conti, Marius, Rameil, Vanessa, Nakonecnij, Jakob, Vanhoefer, Leonard, Schmiester, Muying, Wang, Emily E, Ackerman, Jason E, Shoemaker, Jeremy, Zucker, Kristie, Oxford, Jeremy, Teuton, Ebru, Kocakaya, Gökçe Yağmur, Summak, Kristina, Hanspers, Martina, Kutmon, Susan, Coort, Lars, Eijssen, Friederike, Ehrhart, Devasahayam Arokia Balaya, Rex, Denise, Slenter, Marvin, Martens, Nhung, Pham, Robin, Haw, Bijay, Jassal, Lisa, Matthews, Marija, Orlic‐Milacic, Andrea, Senff Ribeiro, Karen, Rothfels, Veronica, Shamovsky, Ralf, Stephan, Cristoffer, Sevilla, Thawfeek, Varusai, Jean‐Marie, Ravel, Rupsha, Fraser, Vera, Ortseifen, Silvia, Marchesi, Piotr, Gawron, Ewa, Smula, Laurent, Heirendt, Venkata, Satagopam, Guanming, Wu, Anders, Riutta, Martin, Golebiewski, Stuart, Owen, Carole, Goble, Xiaoming, Hu, Rupert W, Overall, Dieter, Maier, Angela, Bauch, Benjamin M, Gyori, John A, Bachman, Carlos, Vega, Valentin, Grouès, Miguel, Vazquez, Pablo, Porras, Luana, Licata, Marta, Iannuccelli, Francesca, Sacco, Anastasia, Nesterova, Anton, Yuryev, Anita, de Waard, Denes, Turei, Augustin, Luna, Ozgun, Babur, Sylvain, Soliman, Alberto, Valdeolivas, Marina, Esteban‐Medina, Maria, Peña‐Chilet, Kinza, Rian, Tomáš, Helikar, Bhanwar Lal, Puniya, Dezso, Modos, Agatha, Treveil, Marton, Olbei, Bertrand, De Meulder, Stephane, Ballereau, Aurélien, Dugourd, Aurélien, Naldi, Vincent, Noël, Laurence, Calzone, Chris, Sander, Emek, Demir, Tamas, Korcsmaros, Tom C, Freeman, Franck, Augé, Jacques S, Beckmann, Jan, Hasenauer, Olaf, Wolkenhauer, Egon L, Wilighagen, Alexander R, Pico, Chris T, Evelo, Marc E, Gillespie, Lincoln D, Stein, Henning, Hermjakob, Peter, D'Eustachio, Julio, Saez‐Rodriguez, Joaquin, Dopazo, Alfonso, Valencia, Hiroaki, Kitano, Emmanuel, Barillot, Charles, Auffray, Rudi, Balling, and Reinhard, Schneider
Abstract: We need to effectively combine the knowledge from surging literature with complex datasets to propose mechanistic models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, improving data interpretation and predicting key targets of intervention. Here, we describe a large-scale community effort to build an open access, interoperable and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms. The COVID-19 Disease Map (C19DMap) is a graphical, interactive representation of disease-relevant molecular mechanisms linking many knowledge sources. Notably, it is a computational resource for graph-based analyses and disease modelling. To this end, we established a framework of tools, platforms and guidelines necessary for a multifaceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians and computational biologists. The diagrams of the C19DMap, curated from the literature, are integrated with relevant interaction and text mining databases. We demonstrate the application of network analysis and modelling approaches by concrete examples to highlight new testable hypotheses. This framework helps to find signatures of SARS-CoV-2 predisposition, treatment response or prioritisation of drug candidates. Such an approach may help deal with new waves of COVID-19 or similar pandemics in the long-term perspective., source:https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/msb.202110387
Published: 2021

34. Genomic Genetics and Plant Genetic Improvement

Author: Jacques S. Beckmann
Subjects: Genetics, symbols.namesake, Emerging technologies, Genetic traits, Plant genetics, Mendelian inheritance, symbols, Biology, Genome, Gene
Abstract: The ability to generate complete genetic maps includes the capacity to evaluate the entire genome (hence the term “genomic genetics”), to dissect complex genetic traits into their individual mendelian entities, and to channel all this information into breeding programs. This is what renders marker-based methodologies so powerful. The progress to date in plant genetics will be reviewed and the limitations outlined. Thus genomic markers, besides serving as specific “tags” to monitor for the presence of economic importancein breeding programs, can also serve as reference points toward the cloning of genes of interest. Genetic improvement is area in which new technologies are often slowly assimilated. The latest newcomer in breeder’s armamentarium is recombinant DNA technology, which provides greatly increased genetic resolution. Indeed, it is now possible to uncover large numbers of genetic polymorphisms, to locate them accurately on the genetic map, and to use them as markers for the evaluation and utilization of the genetic basis for observed phenotypic variability.
Published: 2020
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35. A harmonized meta-knowledgebase of clinical interpretations of somatic genomic variants in cancer

Author: Susan M. Mockus, Deborah I. Ritter, David Tamborero, Obi L. Griffith, Jeremy Goecks, Gordana Raca, Damian T. Rieke, Georgia Mayfield, Nuria Lopez-Bigas, Jianjiong Gao, Kilannin Krysiak, Melissa A. Haendel, Ryan P Duren, Olivier Elemento, Kyle Ellrott, Jordi Deu-Pons, Adam A. Margolin, Brian Walsh, Tero Aittokallio, Michael Baudis, Rodrigo Dienstmann, Subha Madhavan, Julie A. McMurry, Sara E. Patterson, Ethan Cerami, Ozman Ugur Sezerman, Robert R. Freimuth, Beth A. Pitel, Nikolaus Schultz, Lynn M. Schriml, Alex H. Wagner, Jeremy L. Warner, Mark Lawler, Jacques S. Beckmann, Dmitriy Sonkin, Catherine Del Vecchio Fitz, Xuan Shirley Li, Debyani Chakravarty, Malachi Griffith, Acibadem University Dspace, Variant Interpretation for Cancer Consortium, Institut Català de la Salut, [Wagner AH, Krysiak K] Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. [Walsh B, Mayfield G] Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. [Tamborero D] Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain. Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden. [Sonkin D] National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA. [Dienstmann R] Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
Subjects: Matching (statistics), Knowledge Bases, MEDLINE, Computational biology, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Information Science::Computing Methodologies::Algorithms::Artificial Intelligence::Knowledge Bases [INFORMATION SCIENCE], terapéutica::medicina de precisión [TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS], SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Neoplasms, fenómenos genéticos::variación genética [FENÓMENOS Y PROCESOS], Genetics research, Databases, Genetic, medicine, Genetics, Humans, Relevance (information retrieval), Medicina personalitzada, Precision Medicine, Ciencias de la información::metodologías computacionales::algoritmos::inteligencia artificial::bases del conocimiento [CIENCIA DE LA INFORMACIÓN], 030304 developmental biology, Cancer, Structure (mathematical logic), 0303 health sciences, Intel·ligència artificial - Aplicacions a la medicina, Interpretation (philosophy), Diploidy, Genetic Variation/genetics, Genomics/methods, Neoplasms/genetics, Precision Medicine/methods, Genetic Variation, Genomics, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation [PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES], Genòmica, Precision oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, Therapeutics::Precision Medicine [ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT], Analysis
Abstract: Precision oncology relies on accurate discovery and interpretation of genomic variants, enabling individualized diagnosis, prognosis and therapy selection. We found that six prominent somatic cancer variant knowledgebases were highly disparate in content, structure and supporting primary literature, impeding consensus when evaluating variants and their relevance in a clinical setting. We developed a framework for harmonizing variant interpretations to produce a meta-knowledgebase of 12,856 aggregate interpretations. We demonstrated large gains in overlap between resources across variants, diseases and drugs as a result of this harmonization. We subsequently demonstrated improved matching between a patient cohort and harmonized interpretations of potential clinical significance, observing an increase from an average of 33% per individual knowledgebase to 57% in aggregate. Our analyses illuminate the need for open, interoperable sharing of variant interpretation data. We also provide a freely available web interface (search.cancervariants.org) for exploring the harmonized interpretations from these six knowledgebases., This analysis presents a harmonized meta-knowledgebase to facilitate clinical interpretation of somatic genomic variants in cancer. This community-based project highlights the need for cooperative efforts to curate clinical interpretations of somatic variants for robust practice of precision oncology.
Published: 2020
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36. Developmental trajectories of neuroanatomical alterations associated with the 16p11.2 Copy Number Variations

Author: Alonso, Cárdenas-de-la-Parra, Sandra, Martin-Brevet, Clara, Moreau, Borja, Rodriguez-Herreros, Vladimir, S Fonov, Anne, M Maillard, Nicole, R Zürcher, 2 European Consortium, 16p11., Nouchine Hadjikhani 48, Jacques, S Beckmann 49, Alexandre Reymond 50, Bogdan Draganski 51, Sébastien Jacquemont 52, D Louis Collins 1, Marie-Claude Addor, 7, Joris Andrieux, 8, Benoît Arveiler, 9, Geneviève Baujatm 10, Frédérique Sloan-Bénan 11, Marco, Belfiore, Dominique Bonneau 12, Sonia Bouquillon 13, Odile Boute 14, Brusco, Alfredo, Tiffany Busa 16, Jean-Hubert Caberg 17, Dominique Campion 18, Vanessa Colombert 19, Marie-Pierre Cordier 20, Albert David 21, François-Guillaume Debray 22, Marie-Ange Delrue 23, Martine Doco-Fenzy 24, Ulrike Dunkhase-Heinl 25, Patrick Edery 20, Christina Fagerberg 26, Laurence Faivre 27, Francesca, Forzano, David Genevieve 29, Marion Gérard 30, Giachino, Daniela Francesca, Agnès Guichet 32, Olivier Guillin 33, Delphine Héron 34, Bertrand Isidor 21, Aurélia Jacquette 34, Sylvie Jaillard 35, Hubert Journel 19, Boris Keren 36, Didier Lacombe, 9, Sébastien Lebon 37, Cédric Le Caignec 38, Marie-Pierre Lemaître 39, James Lespinasse 40, Michèle Mathieu-Dramart 41, Sandra Mercier 21, Cyril Mignot 34, Chantal Missirian 16, Florence Petit 42, Kristina Pilekær Sørensen 26, Lucile Pinson 29, Ghislaine Plessis 30, Fabienne Prieur 43, Caroline Rooryck-Thambo 44, Rossi, Massimiliano, Damien Sanlaville 45, Britta Schlott Kristiansen 26, Caroline Schluth-Bolard 45, Marianne Till 20, Mieke Van Haelst 46, Lionel Van Maldergem, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions (EVA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston]-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Human Genetics, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Service de génétique médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, EHESP-Irset (EHESP-Irset), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 3388, MIRI Brain Canada, 201803PJT 400528 BSB, IVADO fund: a Canadian Institute of Health Research, Fonds de Recherche Nature et technologies du Québec, Roger De Spoelberch, Partridge Foundations, National Institute of Mental Health, N01-MH9-0002, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 33CS30-148401, National Science Foundation, MOP-111169, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, 31003A_160203, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#x00F6, rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Horizon 2020, Fondation Leenaards, and McGill University-McGill University
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, DNA Copy Number Variations, Cognitive Neuroscience, Biology, computer.software_genre, 050105 experimental psychology, Imaging, White matter, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, Voxel, Chromosome Duplication, Gene duplication, medicine, Genetics, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Copy-number variation, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 16p11.2 Copy number variants, Brain development, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Normative growth trajectories, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Brain, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Evolutionary biology, Child, Preschool, Endophenotype, Human genome, Chromosome Deletion, Insula, computer, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Most of human genome is present in two copies (maternal and paternal). However, segments of the genome can be deleted or duplicated, and many of these genomic variations (known as Copy Number Variants) are associated with psychiatric disorders. 16p11.2 copy number variants (breakpoint 4–5) confer high risk for neurodevelopmental disorders and are associated with structural brain alterations of large effect-size. Methods used in previous studies were unable to investigate the onset of these alterations and whether they evolve with age. In this study, we aim at characterizing age-related effects of 16p11.2 copy number variants by analyzing a group with a broad age range including younger individuals. A large normative developmental dataset was used to accurately adjust for effects of age. We normalized volumes of segmented brain regions as well as volumes of each voxel defined by tensor-based morphometry. Results show that the total intracranial volumes, the global gray and white matter volumes are respectively higher and lower in deletion and duplication carriers compared to control subjects at 4.5 years of age. These differences remain stable through childhood, adolescence and adulthood until 23 years of age (range: 0.5 to 1.0 Z-score). Voxel-based results are consistent with previous findings in 16p11.2 copy number variant carriers, including increased volume in the calcarine cortex and insula in deletions, compared to controls, with an inverse effect in duplication carriers (1.0 Z-score). All large effect-size voxel-based differences are present at 4.5 years and seem to remain stable until the age of 23. Our results highlight the stability of a neuroimaging endophenotype over 2 decades during which neurodevelopmental symptoms evolve at a rapid pace.
Published: 2019
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37. Genome-wide association study identifies 48 common genetic variants associated with handedness

Author: Christian Gieger, Teemu Palviainen, Bettina Konte, Peter P. Pramstaller, Aarno Palotie, Elisabeth Widen, Monique M.B. Breteler, Caroline Hayward, Xin Li, Tim D. Spector, Jing Hua Zhao, John M. Starr, David M. Evans, Nicholas G. Martin, Wendy L. McArdle, Nicole Soranzo, Mads Melbye, Peter Kraft, André G. Uitterlinden, Beate St Pourcain, Massimo Mangino, Daniel I. Chasman, Jacques S. Beckmann, Gabriel Cuellar Partida, George Davey Smith, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Johan G. Eriksson, Alan F. Wright, Kauko Heikkilä, Eva Albrecht, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Mari Nelis, Nicholas Eriksson, Dawn M. Waterworth, Leena Peltonen, Frank J. A. van Rooij, Jari Lahti, Maris Teder-Laving, Igor Rudan, Annette M. Hartmann, Guillaume Paré, Ole A. Andreassen, Mohammad Arfan Ikram, Stacy Steinberg, Bjarke Feenstra, Peter Vollenweider, Sarah E. Medland, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Mark I. McCarthy, Jordan W. Smoller, Fazil Aliev, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Dan Rujescu, J.M. Vink, Dorret I. Boomsma, Harry Campbell, Pedro Marques-Vidal, David A. Hinds, Tõnu Esko, Ruth J. F. Loos, Zoltán Kutalik, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Reedik Mägi, Dale R. Nyholt, Kari Stefansson, Kevin S. O’Connell, Hreinn Stefansson, Scott Melville, Andres Metspalu, Inês Barroso, Marco P. Boks, Gail Davies, Lavinia Paternoster, Thomas Hansen, Norman Klopp, H.-Erich Wichmann, David L. Duffy, Lili Milani, Heather A. Boyd, Michelle Luciano, Benjamin M. Neale, Margaret J. Wright, Fernando Rivadeneira, Liang-Dar Hwang, Scott D. Gordon, Jiali Han, Jennifer E. Huffman, Danielle M. Dick, Roel A. Ophoff, Ozren Polasek, Nicholas J. Wareham, Vincent Mooser, Mousheng Xu, Johannes H. Smit, Gonneke Willemsen, Ian J. Deary, Panos Deloukas, John P. Kemp, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Samuli Ripatti, Joyce Y. Tung, Eco J. C. de Geus, Cameron D. Palmer, Ina Giegling, Katri Räikkönen, Thomas Werge, Eero Vuoksimaa, Andrew A. Hicks, Inga Prokopenko, Lynn Cherkas, Sigurdur H. Magnusson, Gérard Waeber, Nicholas J. Timpson, Frank Geller, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Nicole M. Warrington, Kay-Tee Khaw, and Jaakko Kaprio
Subjects: Genetics, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetic variants, Biology, Association (psychology), Biobank, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Handedness, a consistent asymmetry in skill or use of the hands, has been studied extensively because of its relationship with language and the over-representation of left-handers in some neurodevelopmental disorders. Using data from the UK Biobank, 23andMe and 32 studies from the International Handedness Consortium, we conducted the world’s largest genome-wide association study of handedness (1,534,836 right-handed, 194,198 (11.0%) left-handed and 37,637 (2.1%) ambidextrous individuals). We found 41 genetic loci associated with left-handedness and seven associated with ambidexterity at genome-wide levels of significance (P < 5×10−8). Tissue enrichment analysis implicated the central nervous system and brain tissues including the hippocampus and cerebrum in the etiology of left-handedness. Pathways including regulation of microtubules, neurogenesis, axonogenesis and hippocampus morphology were also highlighted. We found suggestive positive genetic correlations between being left-handed and some neuropsychiatric traits including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. SNP heritability analyses indicated that additive genetic effects of genotyped variants explained 5.9% (95% CI = 5.8% – 6.0%) of the underlying liability of being left-handed, while the narrow sense heritability was estimated at 12% (95% CI = 7.2% – 17.7%). Further, we show that genetic correlation between left-handedness and ambidexterity is low (rg = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.08 – 0.43) implying that these traits are largely influenced by different genetic mechanisms. In conclusion, our findings suggest that handedness, like many other complex traits is highly polygenic, and that the genetic variants that predispose to left-handedness may underlie part of the association with some psychiatric disorders that has been observed in multiple observational studies.
Published: 2019
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38. The Immune Signaling Adaptor LAT Contributes to the Neuroanatomical Phenotype of 16p11.2 BP2-BP3 CNVs

Author: Maria Nicla Loviglio, Thomas Arbogast, Aia Elise Jønch, Stephan C. Collins, Konstantin Popadin, Camille S. Bonnet, Giuliana Giannuzzi, Anne M. Maillard, Sébastien Jacquemont, Binnaz Yalcin, Nicholas Katsanis, Christelle Golzio, Alexandre Reymond, Christina Fagerberg, Charlotte Brasch Andersen, Martine Doco-Fenzy, Marie-Ange Delrue, Laurence Faivre, Benoit Arveiler, David Geneviève, Anouck Schneider, Marion Gerard, Joris Andrieux, Salima El Chehadeh, Elise Schaefer, Christel Depienne, Mieke Van Haelst, Eva H. Brilstra, Ellen Van Binsbergen, Jeske van Harssel, Lars T. van der Veken, James F. Gusella, Yiping Shen, Elyse Mitchell, Usha Kini, Lara Hawkes, Carolyn Campbell, Florence Niel Butschi, Marie-Claude Addor, Jacques S. Beckmann, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Duke University [Durham], Lausanne University Hospital, Centre for Integrative Biology - CBI (Inserm U964 - CNRS UMR7104 - IGBMC), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU), Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 16p11.2 Consortium: Maria Nicla Loviglio, Aia Elise Jønch, Konstantin Popadin, Giuliana Giannuzzi, Anne M Maillard, Christina Fagerberg, Charlotte Brasch Andersen, Martine Doco-Fenzy, Marie-Ange Delrue, Laurence Faivre, Benoit Arveiler, David Geneviève, Anouck Schneider, Marion Gerard, Joris Andrieux, Salima El Chehadeh, Elise Schaefer, Christel Depienne, Mieke Van Haelst, Eva H Brilstra, Ellen Van Binsbergen, Jeske van Harssel, Lars T van der Veken, James F Gusella, Yiping Shen, Elyse Mitchell, Usha Kini, Lara Hawkes, Carolyn Campbell, Florence Niel Butschi, Marie-Claude Addor, Jacques S Beckmann, Sébastien Jacquemont, Alexandre Reymond., Dupuis, Christine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Human genetics, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, epistasis, Microcephaly, obesity, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Phosphoproteins/physiology, MAPK3, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chromosome Disorders, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics, zebrafish, Cohort Studies, Microcephaly/genetics, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Chromosome Disorders/genetics, Gene duplication, Genetics(clinical), Child, Zebrafish, Genetics (clinical), Aged, 80 and over, Mice, Knockout, Genetics, ZAP70, Brain, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, head size, Middle Aged, 16p11.2, Phenotype, Chromatin, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Child, Preschool, Knockout mouse, Female, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics, Chromosome Deletion, Autistic Disorder/genetics, Signal Transduction, Adult, DNA Copy Number Variations, Adolescent, autism, Biology, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Intellectual Disability, Zebrafish Proteins/genetics, medicine, Humans, Animals, Brain/metabolism, Autistic Disorder, Membrane Proteins/genetics, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Aged, genome architecture, Membrane Proteins, Infant, Zebrafish Proteins, Phosphoproteins, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Intellectual Disability/genetics, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Zebrafish/embryology, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
Abstract: International audience; Copy-number changes in 16p11.2 contribute significantly to neuropsychiatric traits. Besides the 600 kb BP4-BP5 CNV found in 0.5%-1% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia and whose rearrangement causes reciprocal defects in head size and body weight, a second distal 220 kb BP2-BP3 CNV is likewise a potent driver of neuropsychiatric, anatomical, and metabolic pathologies. These two CNVs are engaged in complex reciprocal chromatin looping, intimating a functional relationship between genes in these regions that might be relevant to pathomechanism. We assessed the drivers of the distal 16p11.2 duplication by overexpressing each of the nine encompassed genes in zebrafish. Only overexpression of LAT induced a reduction of brain proliferating cells and concomitant microcephaly. Consistently, suppression of the zebrafish ortholog induced an increase of proliferation and macrocephaly. These phenotypes were not unique to zebrafish; Lat knockout mice show brain volumetric changes. Consistent with the hypothesis that LAT dosage is relevant to the CNV pathology, we observed similar effects upon overexpression of CD247 and ZAP70, encoding members of the LAT signalosome. We also evaluated whether LAT was interacting with KCTD13, MVP, and MAPK3, major driver and modifiers of the proximal 16p11.2 600 kb BP4-BP5 syndromes, respectively. Co-injected embryos exhibited an increased microcephaly, suggesting the presence of genetic interaction. Correspondingly, carriers of 1.7 Mb BP1-BP5 rearrangements that encompass both the BP2-BP3 and BP4-BP5 loci showed more severe phenotypes. Taken together, our results suggest that LAT, besides its well-recognized function in T cell development, is a major contributor of the 16p11.2 220 kb BP2-BP3 CNV-associated neurodevelopmental phenotypes.
Published: 2017
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39. 16p11.2 Locus modulates response to satiety before the onset of obesity

Author: Ana B. Fagundo, Bertrand Isidor, Anu Reigo, Sandra Martin-Brevet, Daniela Dremmel, Anne M. Maillard, Andres Metspalu, Loyse Hippolyte, Alexandre Reymond, Borja Rodriguez-Herreros, C Le Caignec, Zaida Agüera, Jacques S. Beckmann, Aurélie Pain, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Bogdan Draganski, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Katrin Männik, M. van den Bree, Boris Keren, Anthony S. David, R Etienne, Susanne Kurz, Sébastien Jacquemont, Samuel J.R.A. Chawner, Anja Hilbert, Simone Munsch, Cyril Mignot, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Chromosome Disorders, Body Mass Index, Executive Function, Binge-eating disorder, Child, Sequence Deletion, 2. Zero hunger, Nutrition and Dietetics, Eating disorders, Phenotype, Satiety Response, Mental illness, Obesitat, Female, medicine.symptom, Chromosome Deletion, Switzerland, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, DNA Copy Number Variations, Satiation, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Intellectual Disability, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Obesity, Autistic Disorder, Binge eating, business.industry, Case-control study, Feeding Behavior, medicine.disease, R1, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Case-Control Studies, Autism, business, Malalties mentals, Energy Metabolism, Body mass index, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
Abstract: Background: \ud \ud The 600 kb BP4-BP5 copy number variants (CNVs) at the 16p11.2 locus have been associated with a range of neurodevelopmental conditions including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. The number of genomic copies in this region is inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI): the deletion is associated with a highly penetrant form of obesity (present in 50% of carriers by the age of 7 years and in 70% of adults), and the duplication with being underweight. Mechanisms underlying this energy imbalance remain unknown.\ud Objective: \ud \ud This study aims to investigate eating behavior, cognitive traits and their relationships with BMI in carriers of 16p11.2 CNVs.\ud Methods: \ud \ud We assessed individuals carrying a 16p11.2 deletion or duplication and their intrafamilial controls using food-related behavior questionnaires and cognitive measures. We also compared these carriers with cohorts of individuals presenting with obesity, binge eating disorder or bulimia.\ud Results: \ud \ud Response to satiety is gene dosage-dependent in pediatric CNV carriers. Altered satiety response is present in young deletion carriers before the onset of obesity. It remains altered in adolescent carriers and correlates with obesity. Adult deletion carriers exhibit eating behavior similar to that seen in a cohort of obesity without eating disorders such as bulimia or binge eating. None of the cognitive measures are associated with eating behavior or BMI.\ud Conclusions: \ud \ud These findings suggest that abnormal satiety response is a strong contributor to the energy imbalance in 16p11.2 CNV carriers, and, akin to other genetic forms of obesity, altered satiety responsiveness in children precedes the increase in BMI observed later in adolescence.
Published: 2016

40. Correction: Peroxisomal and microsomal lipid pathways associated with resistance to hepatic steatosis and reduced pro-inflammatory state

Author: Diana Hall, Carine Poussin, Vidya R. Velagapudi, Christophe Empsen, Magali Joffraud, Jacques S. Beckmann, Albert E. Geerts, Yann Ravussin, Mark Ibberson, Matej Oresic, and Bernard Thorens
Subjects: Inflammation, Male, Transcription, Genetic, Kupffer Cells, Interleukin-1beta, Cell Biology, Lipid Metabolism, Dietary Fats, Lipids, Biochemistry, Fatty Liver, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2, Mice, Gene Expression Regulation, Species Specificity, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, Microsomes, Liver, Peroxisomes, Animals, Additions and Corrections, RNA, Messenger, Molecular Biology
Abstract: Accumulation of fat in the liver increases the risk to develop fibrosis and cirrhosis and is associated with development of the metabolic syndrome. Here, to identify genes or gene pathways that may underlie the genetic susceptibility to fat accumulation in liver, we studied A/J and C57Bl/6 mice that are resistant and sensitive to diet-induced hepatosteatosis and obesity, respectively. We performed comparative transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis of the livers of both strains of mice fed a high fat diet for 2, 10, and 30 days. We found that resistance to steatosis in A/J mice was associated with the following: (i) a coordinated up-regulation of 10 genes controlling peroxisome biogenesis and β-oxidation; (ii) an increased expression of the elongase Elovl5 and desaturases Fads1 and Fads2. In agreement with these observations, peroxisomal β-oxidation was increased in livers of A/J mice, and lipidomic analysis showed increased concentrations of long chain fatty acid-containing triglycerides, arachidonic acid-containing lysophosphatidylcholine, and 2-arachidonylglycerol, a cannabinoid receptor agonist. We found that the anti-inflammatory CB2 receptor was the main hepatic cannabinoid receptor, which was highly expressed in Kupffer cells. We further found that A/J mice had a lower pro-inflammatory state as determined by lower plasma levels and IL-1β and granulocyte-CSF and reduced hepatic expression of their mRNAs, which were found only in Kupffer cells. This suggests that increased 2-arachidonylglycerol production may limit Kupffer cell activity. Collectively, our data suggest that genetic variations in the expression of peroxisomal β-oxidation genes and of genes controlling the production of an anti-inflammatory lipid may underlie the differential susceptibility to diet-induced hepatic steatosis and pro-inflammatory state.
Published: 2020
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41. Quantifying the effects of 16p11.2 copy number variants on brain structure: A multisite genetic-first study

Author: Sandra Martin-Brevet, Borja Rodríguez-Herreros, Jared A. Nielsen, Clara Moreau, Claudia Modenato, Anne M. Maillard, Aurélie Pain, Sonia Richetin, Aia E. Jønch, Abid Y. Qureshi, Nicole R. Zürcher, Philippe Conus, Wendy K. Chung, Elliott H. Sherr, John E. Spiro, Ferath Kherif, Jacques S. Beckmann, Nouchine Hadjikhani, Alexandre Reymond, Randy L. Buckner, Bogdan Draganski, Sébastien Jacquemont, Marie-Claude Addor, Joris Andrieux, Benoît Arveiler, Geneviève Baujat, Frédérique Sloan-Béna, Marco Belfiore, Dominique Bonneau, Sonia Bouquillon, Odile Boute, Alfredo Brusco, Tiffany Busa, Jean-Hubert Caberg, Dominique Campion, Vanessa Colombert, Marie-Pierre Cordier, Albert David, François-Guillaume Debray, Marie-Ange Delrue, Martine Doco-Fenzy, Ulrike Dunkhase-Heinl, Patrick Edery, Christina Fagerberg, Laurence Faivre, Francesca Forzano, David Genevieve, Marion Gérard, Daniela Giachino, Agnès Guichet, Olivier Guillin, Delphine Héron, Bertrand Isidor, Aurélia Jacquette, Sylvie Jaillard, Hubert Journel, Boris Keren, Didier Lacombe, Sébastien Lebon, Cédric Le Caignec, Marie-Pierre Lemaître, James Lespinasse, Michèle Mathieu-Dramart, Sandra Mercier, Cyril Mignot, Chantal Missirian, Florence Petit, Kristina Pilekær Sørensen, Lucile Pinson, Ghislaine Plessis, Fabienne Prieur, Caroline Rooryck-Thambo, Massimiliano Rossi, Damien Sanlaville, Britta Schlott Kristiansen, Caroline Schluth-Bolard, Marianne Till, Mieke Van Haelst, Lionel Van Maldergem, Hanalore Alupay, Benjamin Aaronson, Sean Ackerman, Katy Ankenman, Ayesha Anwar, Constance Atwell, Alexandra Bowe, Arthur L. Beaudet, Marta Benedetti, Jessica Berg, Jeffrey Berman, Leandra N. Berry, Audrey L. Bibb, Lisa Blaskey, Jonathan Brennan, Christie M. Brewton, Randy Buckner, Polina Bukshpun, Jordan Burko, Phil Cali, Bettina Cerban, Yishin Chang, Maxwell Cheong, Vivian Chow, Zili Chu, Darina Chudnovskaya, Lauren Cornew, Corby Dale, John Dell, Allison G. Dempsey, Trent Deschamps, Rachel Earl, James Edgar, Jenna Elgin, Jennifer Endre Olson, Yolanda L. Evans, Anne Findlay, Gerald D. Fischbach, Charlie Fisk, Brieana Fregeau, Bill Gaetz, Leah Gaetz, Silvia Garza, Jennifer Gerdts, Orit Glenn, Sarah E. Gobuty, Rachel Golembski, Marion Greenup, Kory Heiken, Katherine Hines, Leighton Hinkley, Frank I. Jackson, Julian Jenkins, Rita J. Jeremy, Kelly Johnson, Stephen M. Kanne, Sudha Kessler, Sarah Y. Khan, Matthew Ku, Emily Kuschner, Anna L. Laakman, Peter Lam, Morgan W. Lasala, Hana Lee, Kevin LaGuerre, Susan Levy, Alyss Lian Cavanagh, Ashlie V. Llorens, Katherine Loftus Campe, Tracy L. Luks, Elysa J. Marco, Stephen Martin, Alastair J. Martin, Gabriela Marzano, Christina Masson, Kathleen E. McGovern, Rebecca McNally Keehn, David T. Miller, Fiona K. Miller, Timothy J. Moss, Rebecca Murray, Srikantan S. Nagarajan, Kerri P. Nowell, Julia Owen, Andrea M. Paal, Alan Packer, Patricia Z. Page, Brianna M. Paul, Alana Peters, Danica Peterson, Annapurna Poduri, Nicholas J. Pojman, Ken Porche, Monica B. Proud, Saba Qasmieh, Melissa B. Ramocki, Beau Reilly, Timothy P.L. Roberts, Dennis Shaw, Tuhin Sinha, Bethanny Smith-Packard, Anne Snow Gallagher, Vivek Swarnakar, Tony Thieu, Christina Triantafallou, Roger Vaughan, Mari Wakahiro, Arianne Wallace, Tracey Ward, Julia Wenegrat, Anne Wolken, 16p11.2 European Consortium, Simons Variation in Individuals Project (VIP) Consortium, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology [Chandigarh] (IMTech), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [India] (CSIR), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Human Genetics, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre [Göteborg, Sueden], Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology [Göteborg]-University of Gothenburg (GU), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Department of Psychiatry [Boston], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Service de génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Laboratoire de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine, Développement et Cancer, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Génétique Médicale [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Guglielmo Marconi University [Roma], Laboratoire de biomécanique (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Département de génétique médicale [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques (GMFC), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU-Liège), Service de cytogénétique constitutionnelle, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU de Lyon-Centre Neuroscience et Recherche, Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Institute of Child Health, Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Service de génétique [Angers], Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Génétique médicale et fonctionnelle du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques, Institut de Myologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Génétique Médicale, Centre hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique (Morbihan) (CHBA)-Hôpital Chubert, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Physiopathologie et neuroprotection des atteintes du cerveau en développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Génétique Chromosomique, Bâtiment Hôtel Dieu - Centre Hospitalier de Chambéry, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, Service de génétique, CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Génétique [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service de Génétique Clinique Chromosomique et Moléculaire, CHU Saint-Etienne, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule (LBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, Regional Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences! (UW psychiatry), University of Washington [Seattle], University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), UCSF, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (URZ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, UCL Institute of Neurology, Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory - University of California, SFARI219193, Simons Foundation, 31003A160203, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Roger De Spoelberch, Partridge Foundations, Jeanne et Jean Louis Levesque Foundation, 604102, Seventh Framework Programme, Canada Research Chairs, CRSII33-133044, SNSF Sinergia, 32003B_159780, SNSF National Centre of Competence in Research Synapsy, Foundation Parkinson Switzerland, Foundation Synapsis, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Harvard University [Cambridge], Odense University Hospital (OUH), Department of radiology (Massachusetts General Hospital), Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Columbia University [New York], Simons Foundation, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), University of Gothenburg (GU), Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine / Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital [Montreal, Canada], Université de Montréal (UdeM)-CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vejle Hospital [Danemark], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine [Montreal], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Human genetics, Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Intitute of Microbial Technology, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU de Montpellier], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique-Hôpital Chubert, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre de recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert-Neurosciences et Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Addor, M.C., Andrieux, J., Arveiler, B., Baujat, G., Sloan-Béna, F., Belfiore, M., Bonneau, D., Bouquillon, S., Boute, O., Brusco, A., Busa, T., Caberg, J.H., Campion, D., Colombert, V., Cordier, M.P., David, A., Debray, F.G., Delrue, M.A., Doco-Fenzy, M., Dunkhase-Heinl, U., Edery, P., Fagerberg, C., Faivre, L., Forzano, F., Genevieve, D., Gérard, M., Giachino, D., Guichet, A., Guillin, O., Héron, D., Isidor, B., Jacquette, A., Jaillard, S., Journel, H., Keren, B., Lacombe, D., Lebon, S., Le Caignec, C., Lemaître, M.P., Lespinasse, J., Mathieu-Dramart, M., Mercier, S., Mignot, C., Missirian, C., Petit, F., Pilekær Sørensen, K., Pinson, L., Plessis, G., Prieur, F., Rooryck-Thambo, C., Rossi, M., Sanlaville, D., Schlott Kristiansen, B., Schluth-Bolard, C., Till, M., Van Haelst, M., Van Maldergem, L., Alupay, H., Aaronson, B., Ackerman, S., Ankenman, K., Anwar, A., Atwell, C., Bowe, A., Beaudet, A.L., Benedetti, M., Berg, J., Berman, J., Berry, L.N., Bibb, A.L., Blaskey, L., Brennan, J., Brewton, C.M., Buckner, R., Bukshpun, P., Burko, J., Cali, P., Cerban, B., Chang, Y., Cheong, M., Chow, V., Chu, Z., Chudnovskaya, D., Cornew, L., Dale, C., Dell, J., Dempsey, A.G., Deschamps, T., Earl, R., Edgar, J., Elgin, J., Olson, J.E., Evans, Y.L., Findlay, A., Fischbach, G.D., Fisk, C., Fregeau, B., Gaetz, B., Gaetz, L., Garza, S., Gerdts, J., Glenn, O., Gobuty, S.E., Golembski, R., Greenup, M., Heiken, K., Hines, K., Hinkley, L., Jackson, F.I., Jenkins, J., Jeremy, R.J., Johnson, K., Kanne, S.M., Kessler, S., Khan, S.Y., Ku, M., Kuschner, E., Laakman, A.L., Lam, P., Lasala, M.W., Lee, H., LaGuerre, K., Levy, S., Cavanagh, A.L., Llorens, A.V., Campe, K.L., Luks, T.L., Marco, E.J., Martin, S., Martin, A.J., Marzano, G., Masson, C., McGovern, K.E., McNally Keehn, R., Miller, D.T., Miller, F.K., Moss, T.J., Murray, R., Nagarajan, S.S., Nowell, K.P., Owen, J., Paal, A.M., Packer, A., Page, P.Z., Paul, B.M., Peters, A., Peterson, D., Poduri, A., Pojman, N.J., Porche, K., Proud, M.B., Qasmieh, S., Ramocki, M.B., Reilly, B., Roberts, TPL, Shaw, D., Sinha, T., Smith-Packard, B., Gallagher, A.S., Swarnakar, V., Thieu, T., Triantafallou, C., Vaughan, R., Wakahiro, M., Wallace, A., Ward, T., Wenegrat, J., and Wolken, A.
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Adolescent, DNA Copy Number Variations, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging, Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics, Brain/pathology, Child, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosome Duplication, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics, Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging, Cognitive Dysfunction/genetics, Female, Humans, Intellectual Disability/diagnostic imaging, Intellectual Disability/genetics, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Neurodevelopmental Disorders/diagnostic imaging, Neurodevelopmental Disorders/genetics, Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging, Schizophrenia/genetics, Young Adult, 16p11.2, Autism spectrum disorder, Copy number variant, Genetics, Imaging, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Biology, Biological Psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Transverse temporal gyrus, Neuroimaging, Intellectual Disability, medicine, Cognitive Dysfunction, Copy-number variation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Brain morphometry, Brain, medicine.disease, 16p112, 030104 developmental biology, Schizophrenia, Williams syndrome, Neuroscience, Insula, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BACKGROUND: 16p11.2 breakpoint 4 to 5 copy number variants (CNVs) increase the risk for developing autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and language and cognitive impairment. In this multisite study, we aimed to quantify the effect of 16p11.2 CNVs on brain structure.METHODS: Using voxel- and surface-based brain morphometric methods, we analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging collected at seven sites from 78 individuals with a deletion, 71 individuals with a duplication, and 212 individuals without a CNV.RESULTS: Beyond the 16p11.2-related mirror effect on global brain morphometry, we observe regional mirror differences in the insula (deletion > control > duplication). Other regions are preferentially affected by either the deletion or the duplication: the calcarine cortex and transverse temporal gyrus (deletion > control; Cohen's d > 1), the superior and middle temporal gyri (deletion < control; Cohen's d < -1), and the caudate and hippocampus (control > duplication; -0.5 > Cohen's d > -1). Measures of cognition, language, and social responsiveness and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses do not influence these results.CONCLUSIONS: The global and regional effects on brain morphometry due to 16p11.2 CNVs generalize across site, computational method, age, and sex. Effect sizes on neuroimaging and cognitive traits are comparable. Findings partially overlap with results of meta-analyses performed across psychiatric disorders. However, the lack of correlation between morphometric and clinical measures suggests that CNV-associated brain changes contribute to clinical manifestations but require additional factors for the development of the disorder. These findings highlight the power of genetic risk factors as a complement to studying groups defined by behavioral criteria.
Published: 2018
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42. JNK3 is abundant in insulin-secreting cells and protects against cytokine-induced apoptosis

Author: Christelle Bielmann, Valérie Buchillier, Julien Puyal, Jacques S. Beckmann, Peter G.H. Clarke, Saida Abdelli, Christophe Bonny, and Amar Abderrahmani
Subjects: Gene isoform, Male, Programmed cell death, medicine.medical_specialty, Umbilical Veins, Apoptosis, Cytokines, Immunoprecipitation, JNK1, JNK2, JNK3, Pancreatic islet, Swine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Islets of Langerhans, Mice, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10, Internal medicine, Insulin Secretion, Internal Medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Insulin, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Muscle, Skeletal, Pancreas, DNA Primers, Kinase, Tissue Donors, Cell biology, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Cytokine, Endothelium, Vascular
Abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In insulin-secreting cells, activation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway triggers apoptosis. Whereas JNK1 and JNK2 are ubiquitously produced, JNK3 has been described exclusively in neurons. This report aims to characterise the expression and role in apoptosis of the three JNK isoforms in insulin-secreting cells exposed to cytokines. METHODS: Sections of human and mouse pancreases were used for immunohistochemistry studies with isoform-specific anti-JNK antibodies. Human, pig, mouse and rat pancreatic islets were isolated by enzymatic digestion and RNA or protein extracts were prepared. RNA and protein levels were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting respectively, using JNK-isoform-specific primers and isoform-specific antibodies; activities of the three JNK isoforms were determined by kinase assays following quantitative immunoprecipitation/depletion of JNK3. JNK silencing was performed with small interfering RNAs and apoptotic rates were determined in INS-1E cells by scoring cells displaying pycnotic nuclei. RESULTS: JNK3 and JNK2 mRNAs are the predominant isoforms expressed in human pancreatic islets. JNK3 is nuclear while JNK2 is also cytoplasmic. In INS-1E cells, JNK3 knockdown increases c-Jun levels and caspase-3 cleavage and sensitises cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis; in contrast, JNK1 or JNK2 knockdown is protective. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In insulin-secreting cells, JNK3 plays an active role in preserving pancreatic beta cell mass from cytokine attacks. The specific localisation of JNK3 in the nucleus, its recruitment by cytokines, and its effects on key transcription factors such as c-Jun, indicate that JNK3 is certainly an important player in the transcriptional control of genes expressed in insulin-secreting cells.
Published: 2018

43. Can We Afford to Sequence Every Newborn Baby's Genome?

Author: Jacques S. Beckmann
Subjects: Whole genome sequencing, Genetics, Actuarial science, Cost estimate, Genome, Human, Interpretation (philosophy), Infant, Newborn, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Biology, Genome, Data sequences, Generalization (learning), Humans, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, Sequence (medicine)
Abstract: Whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing are gradually entering into the clinical arena. Drops in sequencing prices have led some to suggest that these analyses could be extended to the screening of whole populations or subsets thereof. Herein, we argue that this optimism is presently still unfounded. While cost estimates take into account the generation of sequence data, they fail to properly evaluate both the price of accurate and efficient interpretation and of the proper return of genomic information to the consulting individuals. Thus, short of inventing new, cost-effective ways of achieving these goals, the latter are likely to ruin our healthcare systems. We posit that due to lack of available resources, generalization of this practice remains, for the time being, unrealistic.
Published: 2015
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44. CNV-association meta-analysis in 191,161 European adults reveals new loci associated with anthropometric traits

Author: Ruth J. F. Loos, Alexandre Reymond, Daniele Cusi, Veikko Salomaa, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Anne B. Newman, Katja Borodulin, Andrew R. Wood, Mika Kähönen, Michael N. Weedon, John C. Chambers, Sébastien Jacquemont, Rachel M. Freathy, Iris M. Heid, Murielle Bochud, Ilja M. Nolte, Aarno Palotie, Thomas Meitinger, Jennifer Kriebel, Harold Snieder, Caroline Hayward, Harri Rissanen, Anna Murray, Timothy M. Frayling, Frank Geller, Mads Melbye, Erika Salvi, Jacques S. Beckmann, Harmen Boers, Mary F. Feitosa, Jorma Viikari, Lude Franke, Wei Ang, Marja-Liisa Lokki, Marcus A. Tuke, Guillaume Lettre, Samuel E. Jones, Jari Lahti, Hannele Mattsson, Tim D. Spector, Aaron McDaid, Nicholas G. Martin, David P. Strachan, Martin D. Tobin, Kaare Christensen, Jessica Tyrrell, Johan G. Eriksson, Saima Afaq, Cristina Venturini, Jaspal S. Kooner, Fernando Rivadeneira, Louise V. Wain, Weihua Zhang, Zoltán Kutalik, Reedik Mägi, Olli T. Raitakari, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Satu Männistö, Nick Shrine, Seppo Koskinen, Robin N Beaumont, Margit Nõukas, Xueping Liu, Yadav Sapkota, Michael A. Province, Thomas T. Perls, Markus Perola, Massimo Mangino, Nicole Schupf, Aurélien Macé, Anders Rosengren, Naomi R. Wray, Katrin Männik, Sarah E. Medland, Aki S. Havulinna, David J. Porteous, Craig E. Pennell, Katherine S. Ruth, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Petra A. Lenzini, Thomas Hansen, Peter J. van der Most, Thomas W. Winkler, Thomas Sparsø, Markku S. Nieminen, Annette Peters, Mary K. Wojczynski, P Koponen, Patrick Deelen, Dale R. Nyholt, Hanieh Yaghootkar, Erwin P. Bottinger, Juha Sinisalo, Kati Kristiansson, Grant W. Montgomery, Thomas Werge, Terho Lehtimäki, Bjarke Feenstra, Erkki Vartiainen, Eleonora Porcu, Panos Deloukas, Sina Rüeger, Ursula M. Schick, Annamari Lundqvist, Andres Metspalu, Morris A. Swertz, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Quantitative Genetics, Complex Disease Genetics, Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine, Doctoral Programme in Population Health, University Management, Doctoral Programme in Drug Research, HUS Heart and Lung Center, Clinicum, Biosciences, Medicum, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Developmental Psychology Research Group, Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, Research Programs Unit, Research Programme of Molecular Medicine, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Doctoral Programme Brain & Mind, Department of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Arts, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, Doctoral Programme in Oral Sciences, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), and Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system diseases, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22, General Physics and Astronomy, Genome-wide association study, VARIANTS, Body Mass Index, Body Size, lcsh:Science, 10. No inequality, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Anthropometry, DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY, WILLIAMS-BEUREN-SYNDROME, ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Phenotype, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, OBESITY, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, MICRODUPLICATION, DNA Copy Number Variations, Genotype, Science, CNV, SNP, waist-to-hip ratio, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, White People, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Structural variation, BMI, 03 medical and health sciences, MD Multidisciplinary, mental disorders, Journal Article, Humans, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Human height, Science & Technology, Height, Waist-Hip Ratio, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11, Body Weight, DELETION SYNDROME, weight, General Chemistry, Heritability, Body Height, Computational biology and bioinformatics, Genome-wide association studies, Quantitative trait, BODY-MASS INDEX, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, 3111 Biomedicine, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18, HUMAN HEIGHT, Body mass index, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, Genome-Wide Association Study, Body Height/genetics, Body Size/genetics, Body Weight/genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics, European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
Abstract: There are few examples of robust associations between rare copy number variants (CNVs) and complex continuous human traits. Here we present a large-scale CNV association meta-analysis on anthropometric traits in up to 191,161 adult samples from 26 cohorts. The study reveals five CNV associations at 1q21.1, 3q29, 7q11.23, 11p14.2, and 18q21.32 and confirms two known loci at 16p11.2 and 22q11.21, implicating at least one anthropometric trait. The discovered CNVs are recurrent and rare (0.01–0.2%), with large effects on height (>2.4 cm), weight (>5 kg), and body mass index (BMI) (>3.5 kg/m2). Burden analysis shows a 0.41 cm decrease in height, a 0.003 increase in waist-to-hip ratio and increase in BMI by 0.14 kg/m2 for each Mb of total deletion burden (P = 2.5 × 10−10, 6.0 × 10−5, and 2.9 × 10−3). Our study provides evidence that the same genes (e.g., MC4R, FIBIN, and FMO5) harbor both common and rare variants affecting body size and that anthropometric traits share genetic loci with developmental and psychiatric disorders., Individual SNPs have small effects on anthropometric traits, yet the impact of CNVs has remained largely unknown. Here, Kutalik and co-workers perform a large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of structural variation and find rare CNVs associated with height, weight and BMI with large effect sizes.
Published: 2017
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45. Viva Europa, a Land of Excellence in Research and Innovation for Health and Wellbeing

Author: Sonia Abdelhak, Mehmet Ozturk, Bento Soares, Bernd Schmeck, Samir K. Brahmachari, Andrey Lisistsa, Leroy Hood, Philippe Sabatier, Carole Goble, Pierre Hainaut, Marion Koopmans, Alain Cozzone, Christian Bréchot, Nathan Price, Vitaly Volpert, David Supple, Elissa Epel, Peter Hunter, Bartha Maria Knoppers, Ursula Klingmüller, Timothy Radstake, Zhu Chen, Mathias Uhlén, Johann Pellet, Steve Webb, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Vincent Lotteau, Dominique Charron, Josep Roca, Jean-Marie Lehn, Maria Manuela Nogueira, François Gros, Françoise Argoul, Ferran Sanz, Martine Raes, Antoine Magnan, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Alain Fischer, Shlomo Sasson, Peter J. Sterk, Francis Lévi, Hiroaki Kitano, Susanna Palkonen, Ross Arena, Albert-László Barabási, Michel Goldman, Ian M. Adcock, Andrea Gelemanovic, Sai-Juan Chen, Christian Pristipino, Jacques Demotes, Jesper Tegnér, Anders Bjartell, Laurent P. Nicod, Yves Moreau, Walter Kolch, Laurent Nottale, Emiel F.M. Wouters, Ismail Serageldin, Ratko Djukanovic, Jean-François Deleuze, Anita Simonds, Alfredo Cesario, Ana Conesa, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, David Harrison, Hans Hoffmann, Sylvie van der Werf, Yves Jacob, Marta Cascante, Andres Metspalu, James N’Dow, Alvar Agusti, Herman Goossens, Bertrand Boutron, Rudi Balling, Francisco Nobrega, Jacques S. Beckmann, Menno de Jong, Margarida Amaral, Alberto Di Meglio, Niklas Blomberg, Fan Chung, Denis Noble, Doron Lancet, Charles Auffray, Giulio Superti-Furga, Takashi Gojobori, Christopher E. Brightling, Thomas Bourgeron, Ugur Dogrusoz, Damjana Rozman, Karine Clément, Yi-Ke Guo, Bongani M. Mayosi, Ozren Polasek, Martine Laville, Michael Sagner, Manlio Vinciguerra, Pablo Villoslada, Silvio Parodi, European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (EISBM), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, University of Barcelona, Universidade de Lisboa, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Center for Systems Biomedicine [Falkensee], Central European University [Budapest, Hongrie] (CEU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Lund, Lund University [Lund], ELIXIR Hub [Cambridge], Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology [New Delhi] (IGIB), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), University of Leicester, Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Shangaï Jiao Tong University [Shangaï], Imperial College London, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Fondation Jean Dausset CEPH, European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network [Paris] (ECRIN), Ecrin, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Académie des Sciences [Paris], Institut de France, Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Camille Jordan (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation mathématique, calcul scientifique (MMCS), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, SISTA, Excellence, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine, Public administration, media_common
Abstract: ispartof: Progress in preventive medicine pages:1-2 status: published
Published: 2017
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46. A higher mutational burden in females supports a 'female protective model' in neurodevelopmental disorders

Author: Jacques S. Beckmann, Sven Bergmann, Sébastien Jacquemont, Bradley P. Coe, Michael H. Duyzend, Micha Hersch, Evan E. Eichler, Jill A. Rosenfeld, and Niklas Krumm
Subjects: Adult, Male, Proband, Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial, Adolescent, DNA Copy Number Variations, Genotype, Developmental Disabilities, DNA Mutational Analysis, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Polymorphism (computer science), Databases, Genetic, mental disorders, Odds Ratio, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetics(clinical), Genetics (clinical), X chromosome, Aged, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Markov Chains, Phenotype, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Autism spectrum disorder, Mutation, Cohort, Female, Cognition Disorders, Gene Deletion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cohort study
Abstract: Increased male prevalence has been repeatedly reported in several neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs), leading to the concept of a "female protective model." We investigated the molecular basis of this sex-based difference in liability and demonstrated an excess of deleterious autosomal copy-number variants (CNVs) in females compared to males (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, p = 8 × 10(-10)) in a cohort of 15,585 probands ascertained for NDs. In an independent autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cohort of 762 families, we found a 3-fold increase in deleterious autosomal CNVs (p = 7 × 10(-4)) and an excess of private deleterious single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in female compared to male probands (OR = 1.34, p = 0.03). We also showed that the deleteriousness of autosomal SNVs was significantly higher in female probands (p = 0.0006). A similar bias was observed in parents of probands ascertained for NDs. Deleterious CNVs (400 kb) were maternally inherited more often (up to 64%, p = 10(-15)) than small CNVs400 kb (OR = 1.45, p = 0.0003). In the ASD cohort, increased maternal transmission was also observed for deleterious CNVs and SNVs. Although ASD females showed higher mutational burden and lower cognition, the excess mutational burden remained, even after adjustment for those cognitive differences. These results strongly suggest that females have an increased etiological burden unlinked to rare deleterious variants on the X chromosome. Carefully phenotyped and genotyped cohorts will be required for identifying the symptoms, which show gender-specific liability to mutational burden.
Published: 2014
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47. MMP13 Mutations are the Cause of Recessive Metaphyseal Dysplasia, Spahr Type

Author: Luisa Bonafé, Russia Ha-Vinh, Ana Belinda Campos-Xavier, Xuanzhu Liu, Wei Wang, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jinlong Liang, André Spahr, Qingyan Zhang, Sheila Unger, Maria W. Górna, Andrea Superti-Furga, Giulio Superti-Furga, Antony Le Béchec, A. Giedion, and Brian Stevenson
Subjects: Adult, Male, Models, Molecular, Exome sequencing, Adolescent, Genotype, Protein Conformation, Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Genes, Recessive, Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology [F05] [Life sciences], Biology, Collagen Type XI, Osteochondrodysplasias, medicine.disease_cause, Short stature, Spahr dysplasia, Young Adult, Metaphyseal dysplasia, Catalytic Domain, Matrix Metalloproteinase 13, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Hirschsprung Disease, Child, Biochimie, biophysique & biologie moléculaire [F05] [Sciences du vivant], Transversion, Alleles, Metalloproteinase, Genetics (clinical), Mutation, MMP13, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Hypoplasia, Pedigree, 3. Good health, Female, RNA, Long Noncoding, medicine.symptom, Follow-Up Studies, Hair
Abstract: Metaphyseal dysplasia, Spahr type (MDST; OMIM 250400) was described in 1961 based on the observation of four children in one family who had rickets-like metaphyseal changes but normal blood chemistry and moderate short stature. Its molecular basis and nosologic status remained unknown. We followed up on those individuals and diagnosed the disorder in an additional member of the family. We used exome sequencing to ascertain the underlying mutation and explored its consequences on three-dimensional models of the affected protein. The MDST phenotype is associated with moderate short stature and knee pain in adults, while extra-skeletal complications are not observed. The sequencing showed that MDST segregated with a c.619T>G single nucleotide transversion in MMP13. The predicted non-conservative amino acid substitution, p.Trp207Gly, disrupts a crucial hydrogen bond in the calcium-binding region of the catalytic domain of the matrix metalloproteinase, MMP13. The MDST phenotype is associated with recessive MMP13 mutations, confirming the importance of this metalloproteinase in the metaphyseal growth plate. Dominant MMP13 mutations have been associated with metaphyseal anadysplasia (OMIM 602111), while a single child homozygous for a MMP13 mutation had been previously diagnosed as “recessive metaphyseal anadysplasia,” that we conclude is the same nosologic entity as MDST. Molecular confirmation of MDST allows distinction of it from dominant conditions (e.g., metaphyseal dysplasia, Schmid type; OMIM # 156500) and from more severe multi-system conditions (such as cartilage-hair hypoplasia; OMIM # 250250) and to give precise recurrence risks and prognosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2014
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48. Application of Clinical Bioinformatics

Author: Xiangdong Wang, Christian Baumgartner, Denis C. Shields, Hong-Wen Deng, Jacques S Beckmann, Xiangdong Wang, Christian Baumgartner, Denis C. Shields, Hong-Wen Deng, and Jacques S Beckmann
Subjects: Bioinformatics, Medicine, Medical informatics
Abstract: This book elucidates how genetic, biological and medical information can be applied to the development of personalized healthcare, medication and therapies. Focusing on aspects of the development of evidence-based approaches in bioinformatics and computational medicine, including data integration, methodologies, tools and models for clinical and translational medicine, it offers an essential introduction to clinical bioinformatics for clinical researchers and physicians, medical students and teachers, and scientists working with human disease-based omics and bioinformatics. Dr. Xiangdong Wang is a distinguished Professor of Medicine. He is Director of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Director of Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Deputy Director of Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Director of Biomedical Research Center, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China; Dr. Christian Baumgartner is a Professor of Health Care and Biomedical Engineering at Institute of Health Care Engineering with European Notified Body of Medical Devices, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Dr. Denis Shields is a Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Dr. Hong-Wen Deng is a Professor at Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, USA; Dr. Jacques S Beckmann is a Professor and Director of Section of Clinical Bioinformatics, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland.
Published: 2016

49. Potocki-shaffer deletion encompassingALX4in a patient with frontonasal dysplasia phenotype

Author: Fodstad Heidi, Jacques S. Beckmann, Frederic Guerry, Gianpaolo Ramelli, Ilse Wieland, Muriel Gaillard, Alessandra Ferrarini, Sébastien Jaquemont, Caroline Verley Keddache, and Danielle Martinet
Subjects: Heterozygote, Potocki–Shaffer syndrome, Chromosome Disorders, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Facial Bones, Craniosynostosis, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Young Adult, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Frontonasal dysplasia, Genetics (clinical), Sequence Deletion, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Mutation, Genetic heterogeneity, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11, Facies, Exons, medicine.disease, Phenotype, DNA-Binding Proteins, Face, Homeobox, Female, Chromosome Deletion, Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary, Transcription Factors, Comparative genomic hybridization
Abstract: Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is a genetically heterogeneous malformation spectrum with marked hypertelorism, broad nasal tip and bifid nose. Only a small number of genes have been associated with FND phenotypes until now, the first gene being EFNB1, related to craniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS) with craniosynostosis in addition, and more recently the aristaless-like homeobox genes ALX3, ALX4, and ALX1, which have been related with distinct phenotypes named FND1, FND2, and FND3 respectively. We here report on a female patient presenting with severe FND features along with partial alopecia, hypogonadism and intellectual disability. While molecular investigations did not reveal mutations in any of the known genes, ALX4, ALX3, ALX1 and EFNB1, comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) techniques showed a large heterozygous de novo deletion at 11p11.12p12, encompassing the ALX4 gene. Deletions in this region have been described in patients with Potocki–Shaffer syndrome (PSS), characterized by biparietal foramina, multiple exostoses, and intellectual disability. Although the patient reported herein manifests some overlapping features of FND and PPS, it is likely that the observed phenotype maybe due to a second unidentified mutation in the ALX4 gene. The phenotype will be discussed in view of the deleted region encompassing the ALX4 gene. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2013
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50. SCRIB and PUF60 Are Primary Drivers of the Multisystemic Phenotypes of the 8q24.3 Copy-Number Variant

Author: Jacques S. Beckmann, Christelle Golzio, Nicholas Katsanis, Andrew Dauber, Małgorzata J.M. Nowaczyk, Susan Zeesman, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Francine M. Jodelka, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Danielle Martinet, Bruno Leheup, Cécile Guenot, Michelle L. Hastings, Susanne Kjaergaard, Sébastien Jacquemont, Janice Zunich, Maria Kibaek, UL, NGERE, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Broad Institute [Cambridge], Harvard University [Cambridge]-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University [Durham], Service de Génétique Médicale [CHUV Lausanne], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Service de Génétique Clinique [CHUV Lausanne], Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy [Chicago Medical School · Rosalind Franklin University], Chicago Medical School [Rosalind Franklin University], Rosalind Franklin University-Rosalind Franklin University, Department of Pediatrics [Odense University Hospital], Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics [Copenhagen], Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital-Copenhagen University Hospital, Service de Génétique Médicale [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (NGERE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], PerkinElmer, Inc., Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System-Indiana University System, and Dept of Genetics, Harvard Medical School
Subjects: Male, Microcephaly, Developmental Disabilities, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics(clinical), Copy-number variation, Child, Zebrafish, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Chromosome Mapping, RNA-Binding Proteins, Phenotype, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Child, Preschool, Gene Knockdown Techniques, RNA splicing, Female, RNA Splicing Factors, Erratum, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8, SCRIB, Adolescent, DNA Copy Number Variations, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Intellectual Disability, medicine, Animals, Humans, Allele, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Membrane Proteins, medicine.disease, Human genetics, Genetic architecture, Repressor Proteins, Gene Deletion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, HeLa Cells
Abstract: International audience; Copy-number variants (CNVs) represent a significant interpretative challenge, given that each CNV typically affects the dosage of multiple genes. Here we report on five individuals with coloboma, microcephaly, developmental delay, short stature, and craniofacial, cardiac, and renal defects who harbor overlapping microdeletions on 8q24.3. Fine mapping localized a commonly deleted 78 kb region that contains three genes: SCRIB, NRBP2, and PUF60. In vivo dissection of the CNV showed discrete contributions of the planar cell polarity effector SCRIB and the splicing factor PUF60 to the syndromic phenotype, and the combinatorial suppression of both genes exacerbated some, but not all, phenotypic components. Consistent with these findings, we identified an individual with microcephaly, short stature, intellectual disability, and heart defects with a de novo c.505C>T variant leading to a p.His169Tyr change in PUF60. Functional testing of this allele in vivo and in vitro showed that the mutation perturbs the relative dosage of two PUF60 isoforms and, subsequently, the splicing efficiency of downstream PUF60 targets. These data inform the functions of two genes not associated previously with human genetic disease and demonstrate how CNVs can exhibit complex genetic architecture, with the phenotype being the amalgam of both discrete dosage dysfunction of single transcripts and also of binary genetic interactions.
Published: 2013
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