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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services mandate the provision of person-centered care (PCC), but there is limited evidence on how PCC impacts nursing home (NH) residents' care experiences. This study examined the relationship between n = 163 NH residents' ratings of satisfaction with care related to their preferences and their satisfaction with overall care. Residents with higher preference satisfaction ratings reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction with overall care. Using preference satisfaction ratings has the potential to improve PCC planning and delivery in nursing homes.

Memory lapses (e.g., forgetting a medication) are common for most people, yet past methods of assessment relied upon retrospective reports from long recall windows. Recently, researchers have incorporated daily diary methods to capture memory lapse frequency closer to the experience in real-world environments. This study describes the utility of the Daily Memory Lapses Checklist using data from two 14-day diary studies ( Combined Sample = 467; 66% women). Frequency and impact (i.e., irritation and interference) of prospective and retrospective memory lapses were assessed at both individual- and daily levels. Across studies, memory lapses occurred on more than one-third of assessment days. Retrospective lapses were reported more frequently than prospective; however, both lapses had a similar impact. The Daily Memory Lapses Checklist represents a flexible measure that separates the occurrence of a memory lapse from its impact on daily life: metrics that will enhance our understanding of daily experiences of cognitive functioning.

Response bias characterized by decreases in self-reported subjective states when measured repeatedly over short time-frames is a potential concern in social science. Recent work suggests that this initial elevation bias (IEB) is pronounced among young adult students’ self-reports of affect when using ambulatory methods, but it is unclear if such bias extends broadly across samples, designs, and constructs. We examined the conditions wherein reliable and robust IEB may manifest by conducting a coordinated analysis of seven ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies with diverse lifespan samples to test the generalizability of IEB across study designs and affective constructs (momentary negative and positive affect). Overall, evidence for substantial IEB across studies was weak. No reliable evidence emerged for IEB in negative affect, with evidence for a small magnitude IEB for positive affect when comparing initial reports with reports made 1 week later, although the latter was not evident in other comparisons and was attenuated to nonsignificance when controlling for temporal factors. The magnitude and direction of IEB varied, but in mostly nonsystematic ways, as a function of study design and affective valence. Meta-analytic summary revealed consistently low combined effect sizes (Cohen’s ds ranging from −.05 to .14). We found little evidence that IEB in momentary affect is sufficiently reliable, robust, or generalizable across designs and constructs to pose broad and/or serious concerns for EMA studies. Nonetheless, we recommend systematically examining the potential for IEB across study designs and constructs to help identify the conditions/contexts where IEB may or may not manifest.

Increased frequency of exposure and affective responsivity to daily stressors are predictive of future cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related health outcomes and mortality. Profound stress system dysfunction is a hallmark characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD), likely contributing to MDD-CVD comorbidity. Although a greater increase in negative affective responsivity (NA-R) to daily stress is evident in adults with MDD, whether this is linked to heightened cardiovascular stress reactivity remains unclear. We hypothesized that the slope of the positive relation between daily stress (quantified as both exposure frequency and NA-R) and the magnitude of acute stress-induced increases in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure would be steeper in adults with MDD compared to healthy non-depressed adults (HA). For 8 consecutive days, stressful events encountered in everyday life and while in naturalistic environments (e.g., argument with a partner) were assessed via an ambulatory daily diary in 40 HA (22±4 yrs; 24 female) and 40 adults with MDD (23±6 yrs; 32 female). On the last day of the daily dairy, HR (electrocardiogram) and mean arterial pressure (MAP; finger photoplethysmography) were measured during the cold pressor test (CPT). Daily stress exposure frequency was calculated as the percentage of days with at least one stressor reported across the 8-day protocol, and NA-R was calculated as the intra-individual slope of the change in negative affect on stressor days (at least 1 stressor) compared to negative affect on stressor-free days (no stressors). There were no group differences in the frequency of daily stressor exposure [36±26 (range: 0-100) HA v 41±23% (range: 0-100) MDD; p=0.32]; however, as expected, NA-R was greater in adults with MDD [0.23±0.10 (range: 0.09-0.52) HA vs 0.34±0.16 a.u. (range:0.09-0.71) MDD; p0.05). However, NA-R was positively related to both the CPT-induced increase in HR (β=35.18, SE=9.04, p NIH R21MH123928 and R00 HL133414 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with sympathetic overactivity and alterations in peripheral adrenergic receptor function; however, no studies have directly assessed vasoconstrictor responsiveness in adults with MDD. We tested the hypotheses that β-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasodilation would be blunted in adults with MDD compared with healthy nondepressed adults (HA) and would functionally contribute to exaggerated norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction. Methods: In 13 HA (8 female; 24±4 years) and in 12 adults with MDD (8 female; 22±3 yrs), red blood cell flux was measured during graded intradermal microdialysis perfusion of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (10 −10 to 10 − 4 mol/L) and, separately, during the perfusion of norepinephrine (10 − 12 to 10 − 2 mol/L), alone and in combination with the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (2 mmol/L). Nonadrenergic vasoconstriction was assessed via perfusion of angiotensin II (10 − 12 to 10 − 4 mol/L). Results: Isoproterenol-induced vasodilation was blunted in adults with MDD (188.9±70.1 HA versus 128.3±39.4 au MDD, P =0.025). Net norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction was exaggerated in adults with MDD (−0.16±0.54 HA versus -0.75±0.56 au MDD, P =0.014); however, there were no group differences in angiotensin II–induced vasoconstriction. Propranolol potentiated norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in HA (−0.16±0.54 norepinephrine versus −1.60±1.40 au propranolol, P P =0.08). Conclusions: β-adrenergic receptor-mediated microvascular vasodilation was blunted in adults with MDD and contributed to exaggerated adrenergic vasoconstriction. The relative loss of the vasoprotective effect of β-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasodilation may contribute to increased peripheral resistance, thereby driving the development of hypertension in adults with MDD.

DNA methylation-derived epigenetic clocks offer the opportunity to examine aspects of age acceleration (i.e., the difference between an individual’s biological age and chronological age), which vary among individuals and may better account for age-related changes in cognitive function than chronological age. Leveraging existing ambulatory cognitive assessments in daily life from a genetically diverse sample of 142 adults in midlife, we examined associations between five measures of epigenetic age acceleration and performance on tasks of processing speed and working memory. Covarying for chronological age, we used multilevel models to examine associations of epigenetic age acceleration (Horvath 1, Horvath 2, Hannum, PhenoAge, GrimAge clocks) with both average-level and variability of cognitive performance. Positive age acceleration (i.e., epigenetic age greater than chronological age) was associated with poorer mean processing speed (Horvath 1 and 2) and working memory (GrimAge). Higher chronological age was also associated with poorer mean processing speed and working memory performance. Further, positive age acceleration was generally associated with greater intraindividual variability in working memory and processing speed tasks, whereas being chronologically older was associated with less intraindividual variability. Although further work is needed, our results indicate age acceleration effects have comparable or greater size as those for chronological age differences, suggesting that epigenetic age acceleration may be a better marker of risk and interindividual variation in cognitive performance than chronological age.

We examined whether participation in adolescent substance use prevention programming can enhance long-term resilience into adulthood such that individuals were better able to cope with adversities during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, yielding benefits for the individuals, their partners/spouses, and children; 197 adults (28-30 years old) who entered the PROSPER randomized trial of substance use prevention programming as 6th graders and subsequently had become parents-and 128 of their partners-participated in two waves of long-term follow-up data collection. Respondents completed questionnaires on substance use, adjustment, parenting quality, and children's mood and behavior problems 15 years after baseline, and again via an online survey in the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results were mixed, with some indications of better adjustment of PROSPER intervention compared to control participants during the early phase of the pandemic (less increase in alcohol use and less decrease in parenting warmth) and their children (lower levels of externalizing and internalizing problems) but several null results as well (no differences in other substance use behaviors, other parenting measures, or parent depression). Adolescent substance use prevention programs can foster long-term individual and interpersonal resilience factors that allow participants-as well as their children-to adapt and cope with unforeseen periods of acute stress and adversity with less deterioration in health and well-being.

This study examined age-related patterns in exposure and affective reactivity to daily stressors across a 20-year time span among adults who were between 22 and 77 years old at their baseline interview. Longitudinal data from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) consisted of three bursts of eight consecutive nightly interviews of stress and affect. Analyses made use of all available data from a U.S. National sample of respondents who participated in any of the three NSDE bursts (

Research documents the pernicious effects of daily stressors on well-being, but often ignored in these studies are people reporting no stressors. The current study compared adults who reported no daily stressors with adults who reported at least one stressor across 8 consecutive days on measures of well-being. Of the 2,804 respondents (age range = 25-75 years, M = 53.46) from the Midlife in the United State Survey daily diary study, 10% reported experiencing no stressors across 8 days. Those reporting no stressors were generally older, male, unmarried, and were less likely to work, provide or receive emotional support, or experience positive daily events. They reported greater daily affective well-being and fewer chronic health conditions but had lower levels of cognitive functioning. Findings suggest that daily stressors may serve as a proxy to engagement in social activities, where a lower level of engagement is related to better physical and emotional well-being but lower levels of cognitive functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Many types of items are used to measure self-reported cognition, resulting in heterogeneity across studies. Certain cognitive self-report measure types may be more predictive of future decline. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to compare whether specific types of cognitive self-report measures better predict risk for cognitive decline over time when measures are directly compared within the same study. The PRISMA criteria guided the review. Eligibility criteria included: longitudinal studies, outcome of cognitive decline, at least 2 different cognitive self-report measures, and no cognitive impairment at baseline. Nineteen studies were included in the final review. A narrative synthesis of results was completed, resulting in 3 thematic groups of comparisons across self-reported measure types. Self-reported memory decline with worry and peer perceptions of memory were associated with the highest risk for cognitive decline. Future longitudinal investigations of self-reported cognitive problems should focus on using measures that may be most sensitive to predicting cognitive decline risk.

Self-evaluations relative to others (i.e., social comparisons) have well-established implications for health and well-being, and are typically assessed via global, retrospective self-report. Yet, comparison is inherently a dynamic, within-person process; comparisons occur at different times, on a range of dimensions, with consequences that can vary by context. Global, retrospective assessment forces aggregation across contexts and reduces ecological validity, limiting its utility for informing a nuanced understanding of comparisons in daily life. Research across social and clinical psychology has implemented methods to assess comparisons naturalistically, involving intensive, repeated assessments of comparison occurrence, characteristics, and consequences in everyday life (via ecological momentary assessment or daily diaries). Although promising, this work to date lacks an overarching conceptual framework for guiding decisions about assessment design and implementation. To address this gap, the aims of this scoping review were: (1) to summarize available literature on within-person naturalistic assessment of social comparison, and (2) to provide a set of key considerations to inform future social comparison research using within-person naturalistic assessment. Searches in PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL identified relevant articles published before June 2019. Articles were included if they described at least 3 comparison assessments within each participant, taken in the natural environment, and spaced no more than ~24 h apart (i.e., repeated momentary or daily assessment). In articles meeting these criteria (33 unique studies across 36 published papers), we summarized aspects of the comparison assessment, including recording methods, direction (e.g., upward, downward), target (e.g., friend, stranger), and dimension (e.g., status, appearance). Most studies assessed appearance comparisons (vs. other comparison dimensions) and collected information in response to signals (rather than initiated by participants). However, there was considerable heterogeneity in the number of assessments, assessment periods, recording modalities, and comparison predictors and outcomes assessed. Findings broadly establish heterogeneity in the aspects of comparison considered critical for within-person naturalistic assessment. We describe key decision points for future work to help advance within-person naturalistic assessment methods and improve the utility of such approaches to inform research, theory, and intervention.

In intensive longitudinal studies using ecological momentary assessment, mood is typically assessed by repeatedly obtaining ratings for a large set of adjectives. Summarizing and analyzing these mood data can be problematic because the reliability and factor structure of such measures have rarely been evaluated in this context, which-unlike cross-sectional studies-captures between- and within-person processes. Our study examined how mood ratings (obtained thrice daily for 8 weeks

Research to understand self-care behaviors increasingly engages patient-caregiver dyads. However, collecting data on dyads requires both members to complete the research protocol, potentially resulting in biased information if caregivers who do not participate differ from caregivers who do.The aim of the study was to examine how recruitment conditions and patients' appraisal of dyadic engagement in heart failure management are related to caregiver participation across two research studies.We used logistic regression to examine whether recruitment strategy and patients' responses on the dyadic symptom management-type instrument were associated with caregivers' participation.Caregivers not present at the initial recruitment were less likely to participate in the study. Regardless of recruitment strategy, caregivers were less likely to participate if the patient indicated primary responsibility for heart failure management. In the restricted recruitment study (recruiting both dyad members simultaneously), caregiver participation was significantly higher when patients selected a collaborative-oriented care type relative to patient- or caregiver-oriented type.Instruments assessing dyad-level information could aid researchers in deploying resources at recruitment, as well as in adjusting results for data that could bias results and conclusions. Our findings support the importance of considering the recruitment strategy as well as dyadic care type as part of the recruitment process.

Women in midlife (ages 40–60) show decreases in physical activity (PA) that exacerbate risk for cardiovascular disease. Social comparisons (i.e., self-evaluations relative to others) are known to influence PA in other groups, but their association in this population is unknown. The present study used ecological momentary assessment to examine this relation among women in midlife with hypertension or another CVD risk condition (N = 75, MBMI = 34.0 kg/m2). Participants completed 5 surveys per day and wore tri-axial accelerometers for 10 days. PA engagement was lower after women reported more comparisons than were typical for them (7–14% reductions in PA for each additional comparison). These relations varied across days of observation and relations were positive on 34–58% of days. Findings call for careful consideration of how best to harness any potential benefits of social comparison for promoting PA in this and other groups.

To quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health interventions on parent and child mental health and family relationships, we examined change in individual and family functioning in a sample of parents enrolled in a prevention trial; we examined change before the pandemic (2017-2019) when children were an average of 7 years old to the first months after the imposition of widespread public health interventions in the United States (2020) with paired t tests and HLM models. We examined moderation by parent gender, education, family income, and coparenting conflict. We found large deteriorations from before the pandemic to the first months of the pandemic in child internalizing and externalizing problems and parent depression, and a moderate decline in coparenting quality. Smaller changes were found for parent anxiety and parenting quality. Mothers and families with lower levels of income were at particular risk for deterioration in well-being. Results indicate a need for widespread family support and intervention to prevent potential family "scarring," that is, prolonged, intertwined individual mental health and family relationship problems.Para cuantificar el efecto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y de las intervenciones de salud pública en la salud mental de los padres y los niños y en las relaciones familiares, analizamos los cambios en el funcionamiento individual y familiar en una muestra de padres inscriptos en un ensayo de prevención; estudiamos el cambio antes de la pandemia (2017-2019) cuando los niños tenían un promedio de 7 años hasta los primeros meses después de la imposición de las intervenciones generalizadas de salud pública en los Estados Unidos (2020) con pruebas t apareadas y modelos lineales jerárquicos. Analizamos la moderación por género, educación, ingresos familiares y conflicto de cocrianza de los padres. Hallamos grandes deterioros desde antes de la pandemia hasta los primeros meses de la pandemia en problemas de interiorización y exteriorización de los niños y depresión de los padres, y una disminución moderada de la calidad de la cocrianza. También encontramos cambios más pequeños en la ansiedad de los padres y la calidad de la crianza. Las madres y las familias con niveles más bajos de ingresos estuvieron en riesgo particular de deterioro del bienestar. Los resultados indican la necesidad de apoyo familiar generalizado y de intervenciones para prevenir posibles «secuelas» familiares, p. ej.: salud mental individual interconectada y prolongada y problemas en las relaciones familiares.本文把COVID-19和公共健康干预措施对父母和儿童的心理健康以及对家庭关系的影响进行量化，对参加一项预防试验的人群样本进行了研究，主要关于这些受试父母的个体功能和家庭功能产生了哪些变化; 我们采用配对t检验和HLM模型，研究了新冠肺炎(2017-2019年)前的变化，即平均年龄为7岁的儿童至美国实施广泛公共健康干预措施(2020年)后的第一个月。我们通过父母性别、教育程度、家庭收入和养育子女的冲突来考察这些因素的调适作用。我们发现，儿童对很多问题以及父母的抑郁表现都进行内化和外化，从新冠肺炎流行发生前到新冠大流行的头几个月出现了严重恶化倾向，亲子教育的质量略有下降。父母的焦虑和培养孩子方面的质量也有较小的变化。收入水平较低的母亲和家庭的福祉尤其有恶化的风险。结果表明，需要给予广泛的家庭支持和干预，以防止潜在的家庭"伤疤"，即长期错综搅合在一起的个人心理健康和家庭关系问题。.

Background Moderate to severe pain has been frequently reported in hospitalized older adults. Pain in hospitalized persons with dementia within the context of other common symptoms, functional decline, delirium, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), has received little attention. Aims Describe the incidence of pain, the pharmacologic management of pain, and the association of pain with physical function, delirium, and BPSD in hospitalized persons with dementia. Design Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting Six medical units in three hospitals. Participants Baseline data from 299 hospitalized persons with dementia enrolled in the Family-centered Function-focused Care (Fam-FFC) cluster randomized trial. Methods Descriptive analyses of pain used the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale and the use of medication for pain management. Linear regression analyses tested relationships between pain and:1) physical function (Barthel Index), 2) delirium severity (Confusion Assessment Method Severity Short Form) and 3) BPSD severity (Neuropsychiatric Inventory- Questionnaire). Results The majority of the sample was female (61.9%), non-Hispanic (98%), and Black (53.2%), with a mean age of 81.58 (SD=8.54).Of the 299 patients, 166 (56%) received pain medication. Of the 108 individuals who demonstrated pain, 40% (n=43) did not receive pain medication. When controlling for age, gender, cognition, and comorbidities, pain was significantly associated with function, delirium severity, and BPSD severity. Conclusions Results suggest that pain may be undertreated in hospitalized persons with dementia, and should be considered upon admission to optimize function, decrease delirium, and prevent or decrease BPSD.

Given the importance of driving mobility for older adults in the United States, it is important to examine how license renewal policies are related to driving mobility and whether the driving mobility of older adults with health limitations may be especially affected by such policies. The present study examined the association between license renewal requirements and driving mobility in a national sample of 89,757 older adults aged 62 and older in the United States ( M age = 71.57, standard deviation age = 7.48). Using generalized estimating equations, the associations between two driver licensing requirements (in-person renewal and length of renewal cycle) and two indicators of driving mobility (driving status and annual driving mileage) were examined. Results indicated that in-person license renewal was significantly associated with lower driving mileage but not driving status. The association between in-person license renewal and lower driving mileage was greater for people who reported a health-related travel difficulty: in states requiring in-person license renewal, drivers with a health-related travel difficulty had driven 590 fewer miles in the previous year compared with drivers without such difficulties. Among people who experienced in-person license renewal requirements, a longer time between renewals was not significantly associated with driving status or annual mileage. The findings of the current study, combined with previous work showing a lack of safety benefits of in-person license renewal, suggest that in-person license renewal requirements may unnecessarily restrict the driving mobility of some older adults.

Objectives: This study examined differences in physical function, delirium, depressive symptoms, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in hospitalized African American and white older adults with dementia. Methods: This secondary data analysis using baseline data from an ongoing trial testing family-centered function-focused care included African American ( n = 159) and white persons ( n =135) with dementia. Results: A multivariate analysis of covariance showed that controlling for relevant demographic and health characteristics, African Americans with dementia had lower physical function, more delirium, and more depressive symptoms upon admission than white participants. There were no significant differences in BPSD between African American and white persons. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine racial differences in admission symptoms of hospitalized persons with dementia. While the findings are preliminary, they can be used to inform the design of future research, including identifying the causes of disparities.

Background and Objectives Self-perceptions of memory problems may impact older adults’ mood as well as their activity participation, thereby negatively affecting health and well-being. We examined within-person associations among self-reported memory, depressive symptoms, as well as physical, social, and cognitive activity participation in older adults without cognitive impairment. Research Design and Methods Samples were drawn from the Einstein Aging Study (EAS), National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), and Minority Aging Research Study (MARS), with over 8,000 participants (65+ years) included across data sets. In a series of coordinated analyses, multilevel structural equation modeling was used to examine within-person relationships over periods of up to 20 years. Results Across EAS, NHATS, and MAP/MARS samples, we found that older adults’ self-perceptions of memory did not directly covary with activity participation over time. However, we did find an indirect association in NHATS such that within-person changes in depressive symptoms were associated with changes in self-reported memory, and these contributed to lower physical as well as social activity participation. Discussion and Implications Older adults’ activity participation is important for health, but maximizing engagement requires understanding potentially impeding factors. We found some evidence that as self-perceptions of memory change over time, associated depressive symptoms may contribute to lower activity participation. Inconsistent findings across data sets, however, suggest future research is needed to understand individual characteristics that may influence these relationships.

Communication is fundamental in daily caregiving activities in nursing homes and impacts the quality of care. This study examined the verbal communication of nursing home staff and residents with dementia and apathy during daily caregiving activities. This study used a repeated measures design. Participants included 13 residents with dementia and apathy and 13 staff from two nursing homes. A total of 39 videos were recorded to capture staff-resident interactions during caregiving activities (3 videos for each resident). All video-recorded communication was transcribed and segmented into phrases. Bivariate correlations were used for preliminary analysis. The average length of each interaction was 7.5 minutes (range=1.5-12.5). On average, staff verbalized 46.6 words (range=9.3-121.9) with 11.3 phrases (range=3.7-23.4) per minute. Residents verbalized an average of 18.9 words (range=0-83.8) with 4.8 phrases (range=0-17.1) per minute. Unadjusted correlations demonstrated that residents’ phrases per minute were significantly negatively associated with apathy (r=-0.36, p =0.0239), while being significantly positively associated with age (r=0.42, p=0.0071), cognitive function (r=0.42, p=0.0114), caregivers’ words per minute (r=0.44, p=0.0055), and phrases per minute (r=0.42, p=0.0077). After adjusting for clustering by residents, caregivers’ words and phrases remained significantly positively associated with residents’ phrases. Findings suggest that higher resident apathy and cognitive impairment are associated with fewer verbalizations. When caregivers verbalize more phrases and words, residents are also likely to use more phrases. Findings identify the high-risk population for lack of verbal expression and emphasize the importance of staff verbal communication to promote verbal communication in nursing home residents with dementia and apathy.

Persons living with dementia (PLWD) in nursing homes (NH) are often left out of care conversations about their health and safety. These omissions impinge on their personhood and rights to have care preferences heard and honored. PLWD maintain the ability to communicate values and preferences long after their decision-making abilities are affected by cognitive changes. This study explored risk perceptions of PLWD associated with their care preferences. As part of a larger focused ethnography conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, in-depth interviews explored risk perceptions of residents (N=7) with dementia (BIMS M=9.29). Using a risk propensity survey, residents self-identified as risk avoiders (M=3.2) and content analysis of interviews revealed that PLWD perceive physical and psychosocial harms (e.g., high blood sugar, falls, choking) and benefits (e.g., feeling good, social interactions, reminiscing) related to care preferences. Results suggest it is possible for PLWD with varying levels of cognitive decline to participate in discussions about their health and safety.

Prospective memory (PM) refers to our memory for future intentions, such as attending an appointment or taking medication. Research suggests that PM deficits can distinguish healthy older adults from those in early stages of dementia. However, limited work has examined PM and biological markers associated with pathological memory decline. The current study addressed this gap and examined self-reported PM lapses using a two-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) diary protocol via smartphone as well as levels of blood-based inflammation among older adults (n = 231, Mage = 76.85 years) enrolled in the Einstein Aging Study. Reporting more PM lapses across the two weeks was related to higher levels of basal interleukin (IL)-8, although this effect did not hold when controlling for covariates. Furthermore, gender moderated this link; specifically, higher levels of IL-8 were associated with reporting more PM lapses among men but not women. No other significant relationships between PM lapses and basal or stimulated (ex vivo) cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-]) or C-reactive protein (CRP) emerged. Elevated levels of IL-8 in older men may possibly be an early indicator of neurodegeneration that relates to PM performance. Future studies should continue to examine PM and inflammation across genders to identify possible mechanisms through which these constructs may affect neurodegeneration and dementia risk.

OBJECTIVES: To examine relationships between subjective memory impairment (SMI) and parental dementia among in older adults while considering the interactive influence of depressive symptoms, ethnicity, and race. METHOD: The sample was drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of aging (n = 3,809; M(age) = 66.09; SD = 1.88; 84.20% White; 12.23% Black; 7.88% Hispanic). Biennial assessments included two measures of SMI (current memory problems and perceived memory decline), depressive symptoms, and parental dementia, over periods of up to sixteen years. Multilevel modeling analyses examined longitudinal relationships between parental dementia and SMI and whether depressive symptoms, ethnicity, and race interactively influenced this association. RESULTS: Results showed that when older adults reported parental dementia, they were more likely to report a decline in memory in the past two years. They also reported poorer current memory problems, especially when they experienced increased depressive symptoms. Associations of parental dementia were consistent across ethnicity and race. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate the importance of considering parental dementia as a factor that may contribute to SMI in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Perceived stress decreases memory performance and escalates the risk of developing cognitive impairment. Despite these concerning cognitive outcomes, longitudinal assessment of the relationship between perceived stress and memory complaints within a racially diverse sample remains scant. METHOD: 391 cognitively intact older adults (M = 77.31, SD = 4.75) from the Einstein Aging Study were measured annually for up to nine years. Memory complaint items included self-reported frequency of forgetfulness, one-year memory decline, and ten-year memory decline. Multilevel models examined between-person and within-person associations between perceived stress and memory complaints while controlling for demographic differences and neuroticism. RESULTS: Strong between-person associations emerged such that older adults with generally higher perceived stress were more likely to report memory complaints, and vice versa. No significant concurrent within-person associations emerged. One lagged association emerged showing that within-person increases in perceived stress translated to a higher likelihood of reporting ten-year memory decline at the next annual screening. CONCLUSION: Older adults with higher perceived stress are at risk for memory complaints over time. Further research into the relationship between perceived stress and memory complaints is necessary to augment our understanding of how risk factors of cognitive decline present throughout the aging process.

This article views adult development through the lens of daily life experiences and recent historical changes in these experiences. In particular, it examines whether theories that postulate general linear increases in well-being throughout adulthood still hold during times of less prosperity and more uncertainty. Descriptive analyses of the National Study of Daily Experiences chart show how stress in the daily lives of Americans may have changed from the 1990s (N = 1,499) to the 2010s (N = 782). Results revealed that adults in the 2010s reported experiencing stressors on 2% more days than in the 1990s, which translates to an additional week of stressors across a year. Participants in the 2010s also reported that stressors were more severe and posed more risks to future plans and finances and that they experienced more distress. These historical changes were particularly pronounced among middle-aged adults (e.g., proportion of stressor days increased by 19%, and perceived risks to finances and to future plans rose by 61% and 52%, respectively). As a consequence, age-related linear increases in well-being observed from young adulthood to midlife in the 1990s were no longer observed in the 2010s. If further studies continue to replicate our findings, traditional theories of adult well-being that were developed and empirically tested during times of relative economic prosperity may need to be reevaluated in light of the changes in middle adulthood currently observed in this historic period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Background Memory complaints and depressive symptoms are frequently associated in older adults and both serve as potential indicators of future cognitive decline. However, the temporal ordering of the development of these two symptoms remains unclear. The goal of the current study was to examine concurrent and temporal relationships between memory complaints and depressive symptoms in older adults. Methods Data were drawn from two longitudinal, nationally representative datasets and included cognitively intact older adults aged 65 and over. The datasets in the current study were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Using an integrative analytic framework, we tested bidirectional temporal relationships between memory complaints (memory ratings and perceived memory decline) and depressive symptoms over 6 to 9 years of data in over 5000 older adults across these two samples. Results Across both datasets, perceived memory decline predicted future depressive symptoms whereas memory ratings did not. Additionally, results showed that at times when depressive symptoms tended to be higher, memory complaints were also higher, but depressive symptoms did not predict future memory complaints. One finding that was inconsistent across datasets was memory ratings predicting depressive symptoms. After accounting for covariates, this relationship was only significant in one dataset. Conclusions Cognitively intact older adults who report memory decline may be at risk for developing depressive symptoms in the future. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of using immediate replication of results across datasets to determine the generalizability of conclusions.

Objective Cancer-associated cognitive decline is a concern among cancer survivors. Survivors' memory lapses (eg, location of keys, names, and reason entered room) may negatively impact quality of life. This study used smartphone-based surveys to compare cancer survivors to those without cancer history on frequency of, severity of, and affective response to daily memory lapses. Methods For 14 evenings, breast cancer survivors (N = 47, M age = 52.9) and women without a cancer history (N = 105, M age = 51.8) completed smartphone-based surveys on memory lapse occurrence and severity and negative and positive affect. Results Survivors were nearly three times more likely to report a daily memory lapse but did not differ from comparison group on memory lapse severity. Negative affect was significantly higher on days with memory lapses associated with doing something in the future (eg, appointments) but this did not differ across groups. Positive affect was not significantly related to survivorship status or the occurrence of daily memory lapses. Conclusion Survivors may be at-risk for more frequent memory lapses. Both survivors and women without a history of cancer reported greater negative affect on days when memory lapses occurred, suggesting that daily cognitive functioning may have important implications for quality of life.

Younger adults often endorse age-based stereotypes which have repercussions on the health and well-being of younger and older adults. The purpose of this study was to measure and describe the influ...

Reports of memory problems are associated with cognitive decline risk and other adverse health outcomes, and the personality trait of neuroticism is known to influence these reports. Since women tend to have higher neuroticism as well as a unique risk profile for cognitive decline, we examined the relationship between neuroticism and responses to two memory self-report items (self- and age-anchored comparisons) among women (n=1,132; M(age)=52.71; SD=13.99) in the Midlife in the United States Refresher Study. Multivariate regression demonstrated that women lower in neuroticism may be more likely to make a distinction between self-comparisons vs. age-anchored comparisons of memory.

INTRODUCTION: This study examined how memory problems influence emotional well-being in older adults without dementia, and whether this differs by cognitive status and current depressive or anxiety symptoms. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design was used to examine our research questions. Community-dwelling older adults without dementia (n=49, M(age) = 74.5[10.1], 63% women) completed a cognitive assessment, questionnaires, and two semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to code and categorize the transcribed interview data, then identify themes within and across participant groups. RESULTS: Five themes described the influence of memory problems on emotional well-being: Evoking Emotions, Fearing Future, Undermining Self, Normalizing Problems, and Adjusting Thinking. Memory problems’ impact on emotional well-being varied by current anxiety symptoms, characteristics of the problem, and personal experience with dementia. CONCLUSION: The emotional impact of memory problems tended to differ by affective symptoms, not cognitive status. Older adults who report memory concerns without objective evidence of impairment may be at risk for negative impacts to mental health and well-being.