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Physical activity and exercise are different constructs. However, professionals usually employ heterogeneous definitions for these distinct constructs, resulting in nonspecific and inaccurate assessments, which compromise clinical decision making.The aim of this study was to verify if the levels of physical activity behave similarly between individuals with stroke and healthy-control individuals with the same levels of exercise.Seventy-five stroke survivors and 75 healthy-control individuals matched by levels of exercise, age, and sex were evaluated. The level of exercise was classified as inactive, insufficient, and moderate/vigorous according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. The level of physical activity was assessed with the Human Activity Profile (HAP) and classified as "inactive," "moderately active," and "active." The physical activity level was compared between groups of subjects (stroke versus healthy-control) and subgroups of the level of exercise ("inactive," "insufficient," and "moderate/vigorous" level of exercise) (α = 5%).Stroke survivors had a significantly lower level of physical activity (HAP: 51 ± 22 and 71 ± 19 points, respectively). Only for individuals with stroke, a statistically significant difference was found in the levels of physical activity between subgroups of level of exercise, specifically between "inactive" and "moderate/vigorous" subgroups (HAP:47 ± 22 and 70 ± 8 points, respectively).Physical activity behaved differently between individuals with stroke and healthy-control individuals with the same levels of exercise. Individuals with stroke had worse physical activity levels than matched controls. Furthermore, different from individuals with stroke, in healthy-control individuals with different levels of exercise, the level of physical activity was similar.

There is controversy in the literature regarding clinical outcomes of CAD/CAM laminate veneers. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of different levels of CAD expertise and different software programs on the reliability and reproducibility of digital wax patterns of laminate veneers and single crowns.The present preliminary in vitro study was performed on 10 prepared maxillary central incisors available in dental study models. Of the total, five central incisors were prepared with shoulder finish lines for single crowns, whereas the other five underwent incisal shoulder preparation for laminate veneers. The models were scanned using an intraoral scanner. Four dentists (group DENT) and four CAD dental technicians (group CAD) with expertise in different software programs performed digital diagnostic waxing on all prepared teeth. The resulting digital wax patterns (n = 80) were exported as standard tessellation language (STL) files and superimposed on gold standard digital wax patterns (obtained from the original shape of the teeth before preparations). 3D mesh deviations at the cervical margins as well as distal, mesial, and incisal/palatal surfaces between each STL and the gold standard digital wax patterns were calculated in millimeters using a CAD software program. The mean time required by each operator to perform digital waxing was also recorded. Paired comparisons between groups DENT and CAD as well as between nondental and dental software programs were performed for the crowns and laminate veneers using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t tests (α = 0.05).For group DENT, median deviations for single crowns were 0.15 mm (range: 0.08 to 1.05 mm) and for laminate veneers they were 0.15 mm (range: 0.08 to 0.76 mm). For group CAD, median deviations for single crowns were 0.16 mm (range: 0.09 to 0.73 mm) and for laminate veneers they were 0.10 mm (range: 0.06 to 0.53 mm). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a statistically significant difference between groups DENT and CAD (P = 0.041) and between the software programs (P = 0.029) for laminate veneers, but not for single crowns (P0.05). Furthermore, mean times required for group CAD and for dental software programs were significantly shorter than those for group DENT (P = 0.001) and for nondental software programs (P = 0.001), respectively.Within the limitations of the present study, the findings suggest that CAD expertise and the software program significantly affect digital wax patterns for laminate veneers, but not for single crowns. (Int J Comput Dent 2022;25(4):361-0; doi: 10.3290/j.ijcd.b3555819).

Resumo Este artigo pretende ser uma primeira aproximação exploratória de análise da imagem, em Portugal, do Serviço Social na imprensa, durante a fase da pandemia (de março de 2020 a março de 2021). Escolhemos dois jornais de relevância no país: o “Público” e o “Expresso” na versão on-line com o intuito de compreender se existem notícias, reportagens, artigos de opinião etc. acerca do Serviço Social e das assistentes sociais de modo a entender qual a imagem que essas peças transmitem. Nos dois jornais, foram publicadas no período em análise, 73 peças jornalísticas sobre o assunto. Concluímos que existem nas diferentes peças quatro “perfis” de assistentes sociais: i) de garante alimentos; ii) de burocrata; iii) de “missionário” e; iv) de crítico. Palavras-chaves: serviço social; assistente social; imagem pública do serviço social; relação com a imprensa. Abstract This article aims to be a first exploratory approach to analyse the image, in Portugal, of the social work in the press, during the pandemic phase (from March 2020 to March 2021). We have chosen two newspapers of relevance in the country: "Público" and "Expresso" in the online version with the aim of understanding if there are news, reports, opinion articles, etc. about social work and social workers in order to understand what image these pieces convey. In the two newspapers 73 journalistic pieces on the subject were published in the period under analysis. We concluded that there are in the different pieces 4 "profiles" of social workers: i) of food guarantor; ii) of bureaucrat; iii) of "missionary" and; iv) of critic. Keywords: social work; social worker; public image of social work; relations with the press. Resumen Este artículo pretende ser una primera aproximación exploratoria para analizar la imagen, en Portugal, del trabajo social en la prensa durante la fase de pandemia (de marzo de 2020 a marzo de 2021). Hemos elegido dos periódicos de relevancia en el país: "Público" y "Expresso" en su versión online con el objetivo de conocer si existen noticias, reportajes, artículos de opinión, etc. sobre el trabajo y los trabajadores sociales para entender qué imagen transmiten estas piezas. En los dos periódicos se publicaron 73 piezas periodísticas sobre el tema en el periodo analizado. Concluimos que existen 4 "perfiles" de trabajadores sociales en las diferentes piezas: i) de garante de la alimentación; ii) de burócrata; iii) de "misionero" y; iv) de crítico. Palabras clave: trabajo social; trabajador social; imagen pública del trabajo social; relación con la prensa.

O presente trabalho discute a aplicação do Jogo Ladeira Matemática desenvolvido sob a abordagem de ensino exploratório, como ferramenta pedagógica para o ensino e aprendizagem de números inteiros no 7º ano do ensino fundamental, apresentando suas contribuições para o contexto de inclusão de alunos surdos. Para isso, essa pesquisa se baseou em aspectos teóricos das perspectivas do jogo no ensino de matemática e de ensino exploratório. Essa aplicação aconteceu durante duas horas aulas realizadas em uma escola municipal da rede pública de ensino fundamental. Ressalta-se que a aplicação foi realizada em uma turma que apresentava alunos ouvintes e surdos, buscando assim a aplicação adequada no processo de inclusão. Outro ponto a se destacar é a linguagem do jogo, pois utiliza a Língua Brasileira de Sinais e a Língua Portuguesa, podendo ser jogado por surdos e ouvintes, propondo uma maior interação entre os jogadores. Diante disso, verificamos que a abordagem do jogo utilizado favorece o processo de inclusão e proporciona um aprendizado mais significativo. Importa ressaltar que utilizar nas aulas metodologias diferentes da tradicional, requer do professor um olhar diferente para o ensino, em que o mesmo possa conceber seus alunos, independente de algum tipo de deficiência, como indivíduos ativos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Palavras-chave: Educação Inclusiva; Ensino Exploratório; Jogo no Ensino da Matemática; Operações Básicas.

Abstract. Background: Individual differences in the experience of disgust are known to influence the development and maintenance of several psychopathologies. Aims: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale – Revised (DPSS-R). Method: The factor validity, the reliability of the Portuguese version of DPSS-R, the convergent validity, and the relationship with other scales were assessed in 229 participants. Results: The modified two-factor model, disgust propensity and sensitivity, was confirmed with good fit indexes and with acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. Overall, the internal consistency and the composite reliability of the DPSS-R were appropriate. The DPSS-R also revealed significant associations with the Disgust Scale, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Spider Phobia Questionnaire – Revised, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Specifically, the disgust propensity factor was found to be a significant predictor of fear of spiders and trait anxiety, whereas both DPSS-R factors predicted obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Finally, women reported higher levels of disgust propensity and sensitivity than men. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the DPSS-R proved to be a valid and reliable measure of disgust propensity and sensitivity and, therefore, with potential relevance for application in both research and clinical practice.

The development of efficient advanced functional materials is highly dependent on properties such as morphology, crystallinity, and surface functionality. In this work, hierarchical flowerlike nanostructures of SrTiO3 have been synthesized by a simple template-free solvothermal method involving poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). Molecular dynamics simulations supported by structural characterization have shown that PVP preferentially adsorbs on {110} facets, thereby promoting the {100} facet growth. This interaction results in the formation of hierarchical flowerlike nanostructures with assembled nanosheets. The petal morphology is strongly dependent on the presence of PVP, and the piling up of nanosheets, leading to nanocubes, is observed when PVP is removed at high temperatures. This work contributes to a better understanding of how to control the morphological properties of SrTiO3, which is fundamental to the synthesis of perovskite-type materials with tailored properties.

Esta pesquisa, definida como um estado da arte, tem como objetivo mapear trabalhos sobre atividades de divulgação científica realizadas no campo da educação especial. Investiga a presença das temáticas “Divulgação Científica” (DC) e “Educação Inclusiva” (EI) nos eventos da área de educação. Verifica a existência de trabalhos online. Caracteriza a produção acadêmico-científica vinculada a esses eventos e mapeia as relações existentes entre os temas. Enfoca essa análise nas três mais recentes edições dos eventos ENPEC, SBPC, ANPED e do Encontro Nacional de Popularização da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I) de 2013 sobre esses temas. Interroga se a relação entre EI e DC tem sido discutida nos eventos da área de educação. A metodologia adotada segue os contornos da pesquisa documental, de caráter teórico. A partir da busca por palavras chave dos temas da pesquisa, nos anais de eventos da área de educação selecionados, foram encontrados 239 trabalhos no ENPEC, 65 trabalhos no ANPED, 74 trabalhos do SBPC e 86 trabalhos do Encontro Nacional de Popularização da CT&I, contendo pelo menos um dos termos de busca. Em seguida, feita a leitura dos resumos dos trabalhos, foram identificados 06 trabalhos no ENPEC; 02 trabalhos no ANPED; 22 trabalhos no SBPC, 06 trabalhos no Encontro Nacional de Popularização da CT&I, que correlacionavam às duas temáticas. Assim, foi possível delinear um panorama recente da produção científica do referido campo, o que vem sendo pesquisado na área, e quais os focos temáticos utilizados. Observamos que os focos temáticos abordados nos trabalhados, foram bem distribuídas nos eventos ENPEC, ANPED e o Encontro Nacional de Popularização da CT&I, porém, no SBPC, houve maior incidência o foco temático recursos didáticos, em 14 trabalhos. Os resultados apontam importante carência em instrumentos educativos, que favoreçam as pessoas com deficiência em suas atividades de aprendizagem.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypothyroidism (HT) are prevalent diseases associated with dry eye (DE). Their impact on the lacrimal functional unit (LFU) is poorly known. This work evaluates the changes in the LFU in DM and HT. Adult male Wistar rats had the disease induced as follows: (a) DM: streptozotocin and (b) HT: methimazole. The tear film (TF) and blood osmolarity were measured. Cytokine mRNA was compared in the lacrimal gland (LG), trigeminal ganglion (TG), and cornea (CO). Oxidative enzymes were evaluated in the LG. The DM group showed lower tear secretion (p = 0.02) and higher blood osmolarity (p < 0.001). The DM group presented lower mRNA expression of TRPV1 in the cornea (p = 0.03), higher Il1b mRNA expression (p = 0.03), and higher catalase activity in the LG (p < 0.001). The DM group presented higher Il6 mRNA expression in the TG (p = 0.02). The HT group showed higher TF osmolarity (p < 0.001), lower expression of Mmp9 mRNA in the CO (p < 0.001), higher catalase activity in the LG (p = 0.002), and higher expression of Il1b mRNA in the TG (p = 0.004). The findings revealed that DM and HT induce distinct compromises to the LG and the entire LFU.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the changes in the lacrimal functional unit in the following two models of neurogenic dry eye syndrome: sensory denervation of the cornea versus autonomic denervation of the lacrimal gland. Methods: The neural network supports the lacrimal functional unit. It can be divided into afferent (sensory) and efferent (autonomic) pathways and is affected by severe diseases that compromise the lacrimal functional unit. Male Wistar, 8-week-old rats were divided into the following three groups: 1) control naïve (n=16 animals); 2) autonomic denervation: where rats were subjected to right lacrimal gland nerve ablation and evaluated after 1 and 2 months (1M and 2M) after the procedure (n=7 animals per subgroup, autonomic denervation 1M and autonomic denervation 2M, respectively); 3) sensory denervation induced by 0.2% benzalkonium chloride eye drops, twice a day for 7 days in the right eye (n=10 animals). The corneal sensitivity was measured using the eye wipe test with capsaicin (10 µM). The quantitative real-time PCR was performed to compare the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, such as Il-1β, Il-6, Tnf, Mmp9, in the cornea, trigeminal ganglion, and lacrimal gland. In addition, the mRNA of the promitotic factors in the lacrimal gland, such as Bmp7, Runx1, Runx3, Fgf10, and Smad1, was compared. Results: Sensory denervation induced corneal hyperalgesia (p=0.001). Sensory denervation and autonomic denervation increased the mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines in the cornea and lacrimal gland (p

Objective: Because SARS-CoV-2 infection can severely affect the lungs and persistent functional changes can occur after severe disease, we aimed to determine lung function parameters of COVID-19 patients at 45 days after hospital discharge and compare changes according to the severity of the disease. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive analytical multicenter study. The participants were allocated into three groups: ward admission (WA) group; ICU admission not on mechanical ventilation (ICU/MV−) group; and ICU admission on MV (ICU/MV+) group. Lung volumes, DLco, MIP, MEP, and six-minute walk distance (6MWD) were measured 45 days after discharge. Results: The sample comprised 242 patients (mean age = 59.4 ± 14.8 years; 52.1% of males), and 232 (96%) had altered lung function. In the total cohort, restrictive disorder was observed in 96%, as well as reductions in DLco (in 21.2% of the patients), FEV1/FVC (in 39.7%), and PEmax (in 95.8%), with no differences between the groups. Comparing the groups, the ICU/MV+ group had reduced DLco in 50% of the patients (p < 0.001) and a lower mean 6MWD % of the predicted value (p = 0.013). Oxygen desaturation in the six-minute walk test was observed in 32.3% of the cohort and was less frequent in the IE group. Conclusions: This is the first South American study involving severe COVID-19 survivors whose lung function was assessed 45 days after hospital discharge. Changes were frequent, especially in those on MV, which highlights the importance of lung function evaluation after severe COVID-19. RESUMO Objetivo: Como a infecção por SARS-CoV-2 pode afetar gravemente os pulmões e podem ocorrer alterações funcionais persistentes após doença grave, nosso objetivo foi determinar os parâmetros de função pulmonar de pacientes com COVID-19, 45 dias após a alta hospitalar e comparar as alterações de acordo com a gravidade da doença. Métodos: Estudo multicêntrico, prospectivo, descritivo e analítico. Os participantes foram alocados em três grupos: grupo internação em enfermaria (IE); grupo internação em UTI sem ventilação mecânica (UTI/VM−); e grupo internação em UTI com VM (UTI/VM+). Volumes pulmonares, DLCO, PImáx, PEmáx e distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (DTC6) foram medidos 45 dias após a alta. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 242 pacientes (média de idade = 59,4 ± 14,8 anos; 52,1% do sexo masculino), e 232 (96%) apresentavam alteração da função pulmonar. Na coorte total, observou-se distúrbio restritivo em 96%, assim como redução da DLco (em 21,2% dos pacientes), VEF1/CVF (em 39,7%) e PEmáx (em 95,8%), sem diferença entre os grupos para todos. Na comparação entre os grupos, o grupo UTI/VM+ apresentou DLCO reduzida em 50% dos pacientes (p < 0,001) e teve menor média da DTC6 do valor previsto (p = 0,013). Dessaturação de oxigênio no teste de caminhada de seis minutos foi observada em 32,3% da coorte e foi menos frequente no grupo IE. Conclusões: Este é o primeiro estudo sul-americano envolvendo sobreviventes de COVID-19 grave cuja função pulmonar foi avaliada 45 dias após a alta hospitalar. Alterações foram frequentes, principalmente naqueles em VM, o que destaca a importância da avaliação da função pulmonar após COVID-19 grave.

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products containing triclosan, an antibacterial agent, have been used in large amounts, resulting in contamination for humans and non-target organisms. In this work, we present an efficient 3D graphene filled solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, obtained by a single reduction step of graphene oxide. The morphological, structural and compositional characterization of the 3D graphene framework was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show a 3D framework with cavities, which was efficiently applied as a sorbent in extraction–elution assays of triclosan in an aqueous matrix. The efficiencies were calculated after experiments with a high performance liquid chromatograph coupled with an ultraviolet-visible detector. Reproducible high extraction and elution efficiencies were achieved (ca. 100% and ca. 98%, respectively) for a relatively low amount of sorbent (40 mg). When applied for the analysis of surface water from a Brazilian lake (Guaiba), the 3D graphene framework extracted ca. 68% of triclosan, presenting an elution of ca. 98%. Compared to commercial sorbents, the material synthesized in this work presents advantages in terms of the simple methodology for preparation, low amount of sorbent required in the cartridge to achieve high efficiencies and enrichment factor of eight times in the loading volume.

O Apadrinhamento é uma prática de incentivo à convivência familiar e comunitária e foi inserido no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente a partir da Lei 13.509 de 2017. Busca-se o desenvolvimento de uma relação entre voluntários da sociedade civil e crianças/adolescentes em medida de acolhimento institucional, sobretudo ao grupo com remotas chances de retorno à família de origem e sem perspectiva de colocação em família substituta. Há três principais modalidades de apadrinhamento: (1) afetivo, (2) financeiro e (3) profissional, a depender da relação desenvolvida entre padrinhos e apadrinhados. Os aspectos do apadrinhamento afetivo e a premência de intervenção psicossocial em sua execução, fazem dele nosso principal objeto de análise, por envolverem relações a serem desenvolvidas entre crianças ou adolescentes e voluntários. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo traçar uma ampla caracterização das práticas de Apadrinhamento em todo o território nacional, a partir de uma pesquisa documental seguida de uma análise crítica. Como objetivos específicos, buscamos descrever, analisar e discutir o percurso da criação da Lei 13.509 e seus efeitos ao direito de convivência familiar, as relações entre Apadrinhamento afetivo e adoção, bem como os contornos da atuação do(a) psicólogo(a) e algumas contribuições da psicanálise à compreensão das práticas de apadrinhamento. O estudo indicou que há uma diversidade de práticas e discursos sobre o apadrinhamento em todo o país, destacando-se ainda algumas contradições e reminiscências do menorismo, orientações e delimitações da prática de apadrinhamento que puderam contribuir para a aumentar compreensão do campo. O debate em torno da proibição de participação dos habilitados à adoção nos programas de apadrinhamento, remeteu-nos à querela da adoção salvífica indicando que prossegue uma ênfase na adoção como a melhor forma de garantir convivência familiar. Por fim, discutimos a perspectiva da proibição de participação dos pretendentes habilitados nos processos de apadrinhamento, relacionando-a ao texto A negativa em Freud (2012: 1925). A presente investigação indicou que o apadrinhamento afetivo tem se desenvolvido em torno de sua negatividade com relação à adoção e à família de origem, por estar circunscrito ao espaço entre estas duas formas de pertencer que são apresentadas como as almejadas como desfechos favoráveis do acolhimento institucional. Ponderamos a necessidade de repensar o valor dos vínculos de pertencimento estruturantes fora da relação de filiação para que o apadrinhamento alcance seus objetivos de promoção da convivência familiar e comunitária Mentoring for Young people in Care is a practice to promote family and community living experience and was inserted in the Brazilian Statute of Children and Adolescents through Law 13.509 of 2017. The aim is to develop a relationship between volunteers from society and children/adolescents that are living in Institutional Care, especially to the group with remote chances of returning to the family of origin and with no prospect of placement in a substitute family by adoption. There are three main types of mentoring: (1) affective, (2) financial (3) professional, depending on the relationship developed between mentors and mentees. The aspects of affective modality and the urgency of psychosocial intervention in its execution, make it our main object of analysis, as it involves relationships to be developed between children and adolescents and volunteers. The present research had as a goal an ample characterization of Mentoring for Young people in Care practices in Brazilian territory, from a documentary research followed by a critical analysis. As specific goals, we sought to describe, analyze and discuss the path to Law 13.509 approval and its effects on the right to family life; the relationships between Mentoring for Young people in Care and Adoption; as well as the outlines of the psychologist\'s performance and some contributions of psychoanalysis to the understanding of Mentoring for Young people in Care practices. The study indicated that there is a diversity of practices and discourses about Mentoring for Young people in Care throughout the national territory, highlighting some contradictions and reminiscences from old legislations; guidelines and delimitations to the practice that could contribute to increase the understanding of the field. The debate over the prohibition of participation of those qualified for Adoption in those programs, referred us to the complaint of salvific adoption, indicating the existence of an emphasis in the adoption as the best path to guarantee family life for institutionalized children. Finally, we discussed the perspective of the prohibition of the participation of adoption eligible candidates, relating it to the negative in Freud (2012:1925). The present investigation indicated that Mentoring for Young people in Care in Brazil has been developed around its negativity in relation to adoption and the family of origin, as it is circumscribed to the gap between these two forms of belonging that are presented as those desired as favorable outcomes of the Care experience. We consider the need to rethink the value of the structuring belonging bonds outside the affiliation relationship so that Mentoring for Young people in Care reaches its goals of promoting family and community experience

A 3D reduced graphene oxide (3D-rGO), a self-supported, efficient, and low-cost sorbent, was synthesised and employed in a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. As a proof of concept, it was applied to remove diclofenac from aqueous solution. After applying statistical methods to systematically investigate key parameters for optimizing the 3D-rGO cartridge performance, it reached removal and elution efficiencies of 100 % and 90 %, respectively. This SPE cartridge presented advantages compared to traditional ones as the smaller amount of material into the cartridge (mass twenty times smaller), in addition to the ability of eliminating sorbent preconditioning, reducing the use of solvents, and making the process environmentally friendly with a faster operation. Also, it presented improved reproducibility after several cycles of reuse, and finally a lower cost of production unveiled by a cost-benefit analysis. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode suggested that the 3D framework morphology with a high content of carbon at the surface and some residual oxygen-containing groups are the protagonists in this performance. Therefore, 3D-rGO has the potential to be a highly efficient sorbent in analytical procedures using SPE for environmental contaminants in water and effluent samples.

Objetivo: Avaliar a superfície ocular (SO) de modelos animais com a doença do olho seco (DOS) em doenças metabólicas e uso crônico de cloreto de benzalcônio. E compara-los ao grupo controle (CG) em critérios funcionais, histológicos e moleculares. Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos, pesando 220-250g, induzidos para: a) Diabetes mellitus (DM) por injeção intravenosa única de estreptozotocina a 60 mg/kg, e alojados durante 8 semanas em biotério; b) Hipotireoidismo (HT) induzidos com metimazol 500 mg/l diluído na água de bebedouro, durante 5 semanas); c) Uso crônico de cloreto de benzalcônio (BAK)instilação tópica ocular de colírio com BAK a 0,2% duas vezes ao dia, durante 7 dias. Estes foram comparados com ratos CG pareados por idade e sexo (n=10/em cada grupo de estudo). Avaliação funcional: teste de fenol vermelho, coloração de fluoresceína, teste de sensibilidade através de capsaicina 10µM, osmolariadade do filme lacrimal e sanguínea. Avaliação histológica da glândula lacrimal (GL) e córnea (CO) avaliando a espessura do epitélio. Avaliação molecular de expressão relativa de mRNA pelo método de qPCR em tempo real utilizado para comparar a expressão de Il1 beta, Il6, Mmp9 e Tnf alfa na CO, GL, e gânglio do trigêmeo (GT). E ainda, marcadores de reparação tecidual Bmp7, Fgf10, Runx1, Runx3 e Smad1 em GL. Além de receptor TRPV1 em CO. E ainda utilizamos a avaliação de estresse oxidativo da catalase e glutationa oxidada (GSSG) por métodos fluorimétricos na GL. Resultados: O grupo DM apresentou menor fluxo lacrimal e maior osmolaridade sanguínea (p=0,02 e p