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La fiche technique a pour but d‘aider les conseillers-ères, les agriculteurs-trices et les autres acteurs agricoles à choisir le mélange de semences, l‘emplacement, l‘installation, l‘entretien et la suppression des bandes pour organismes utiles annuelles et pluriannuelles sur les terres ouvertes. La fiche traite également de l‘utilité de ces bandes pour les cultures

Das Merkblatt hat zum Ziel, Beratungskräfte, Landwirtinnen und Landwirte sowie weitere landwirtschaftliche Akteure bei der Auswahl der Samenmischung, der Standortwahl, Anlage, Pflege und Aufhebung von ein- und mehrjährigen Nützlingsstreifen auf offener Ackerfläche zu unterstützen. Ebenfalls wird der Nutzen der Nützlingsstreifen für die Kulturen aufgezeigt.

Dieses Merkblatt soll, Winzer*innen bei der Anlage und Pflege von Nützlingsstreifen in Fahrgassen unterstützen. Das gesammelte Wissen aus den Versuchen und Praxiserfahrungen in über 70 Rebbergparzellen im ganzen Mittelland zwischen 2018 – 2022 wird hier zusammengefasst.

Mit einjährigen Blühstreifen möchte man die Trachtlücke für Bienen und weitere Bestäuber zwischen Ende Mai und Ende Juli verkleinern und natürliche Gegenspieler von landwirtschaftlichen Schädlingen in die Kulturen locken und ernähren. Für die Etablierung eines optimalen Blühstreifens spielen nebst Mischungsgestaltung und Standorteinflüssen auch die Erfahrungen der Landwirtinnen und Landwirte eine wichtige Rolle. Seit 2015 führen Agroscope, FiBL und HAFL deshalb eine Umfrage in Form eines Fragebogens durch, in welchem die Teilnehmenden Angaben über ihre praktischen Erfahrungen mit Blühstreifen machen. Bis Ende 2020 wurden 299 Fragebogen zu Bestäuberblühstreifen (BBS) eingesendet und ausgewertet. Die Anlage eines BBS erfolgte bei den meisten Befragten mit dem Ziel, Bestäuber und andere Nützlinge zu fördern, Schädlinge zu reduzieren und die Attraktivität für Spaziergänger zu erhöhen. Die persönlichen Beobachtungen der Landwirtinnen und Landwirte zeigten ein positives Bild: Die Mehrheit der BBS lief gut auf, verursachte einen vertretbaren Unkrautdruck sowie einen mässigen Pflegeaufwand und wies eine hohe Abundanz an Blüten und Insekten auf. Die meisten Teilnehmenden waren mit ihrem BBS zufrieden und würden erneut einen solchen anlegen. Einzig die tiefe Beratungsquote und die oftmals suboptimale Auswahl der Saatmischung haben Verbesserungspotential.

L’acceptation des bandes fleuries par les agriculteurs joue un rôle déterminant dans la mise en place optimale de celles-ci. Selon une enquête d’Agroscope, du FiBL et de la HAFL, les bandes fleuries pour pollinisateurs fonctionnent bien dans la pratique et donnent entière satisfaction.

Farmer acceptance plays a crucial role in establishing optimal flower strips. A survey conducted by Agroscope, FiBL and HAFL shows that pollinator flower strips work in practice, and lead to high satisfaction.

Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future., Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.

Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimise floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.

Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity and ecosystem services is a key aim of a sustainable agriculture. However, how the spatial arrangement of crop fields and other habitats in landscapes impacts arthropods and their functions is poorly known. Synthesising data from 49 studies (1515 landscapes) across Europe, we examined effects of landscape composition (% habitats) and configuration (edge density) on arthropods in fields and their margins, pest control, pollination and yields. Configuration effects interacted with the proportions of crop and non‐crop habitats, and species’ dietary, dispersal and overwintering traits led to contrasting responses to landscape variables. Overall, however, in landscapes with high edge density, 70% of pollinator and 44% of natural enemy species reached highest abundances and pollination and pest control improved 1.7‐ and 1.4‐fold respectively. Arable‐dominated landscapes with high edge densities achieved high yields. This suggests that enhancing edge density in European agroecosystems can promote functional biodiversity and yield‐enhancing ecosystem services.

Most field margins on arable land in Switzerland are narrow and intensively managed. As a consequence, field margins generally harbour few plant and animal species. To enhance biodiversity in arable landscapes, sown species-rich field margins, so-called improved field margins, were introduced in 2008 as a part of the Swiss agri-environment scheme. Here, we tested whether improved field margins increase slug activity density. Slug activity density in and next to improved field margins was compared to slug activity in and next to conventional field margins. Over a period of 3 years, slugs were sampled in three regions in northern Switzerland in late spring using bait stations. Our results show that improved field margins have higher slug activity density, of +191 %, than conventional field margins, independently of the region. The predominant slugs were Arion lusitanicus and Deroceras spp. While A. lusitanicus was generally more abundant in field margins than in fields, with intermediate numbers in the adjacent crop margins, Deroceras spp. showed a more even distribution.

1993 führte der Bund ökologische Direktzahlungen ein; seit 1999 ist die Erbringung des ökologischen Leistungsnachweises (ÖLN) durch die Landwirtschaftsbetriebe die Voraussetzung zum Bezug von Direktzahlungen. Heute werden 97 % der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche nach den Regeln des ÖLN bewirtschaftet. Die wichtigste Massnahme des ÖLN, welche einen Einfluss auf die Biodiversität hat, ist, dass die Betriebe 7 % ihrer landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche (LN) als ökologische Ausgleichsflächen (öAF) auszuweisen haben (bei Spezialkulturen 3,5 %). Weitere Anforderungen des ÖLN (ausgeglichene Nährstoffbilanz, geregelte Fruchtfolge, Bodenschutz, gezielter Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln, tiergerechte Haltung der Nutztiere) können ebenfalls einen Einfluss haben, stehen jedoch weniger im Vordergrund.

The composition of plant species in grassland communities is determined in part by negative and positive interactions among neighbouring plants; such interactions could be dispersal or - in the case of legumes - symbiotic N2 fixation or resource acquisition. We hypothesised that small scale distribution of plant species may be in part affected by (i) the plant's narrow dispersal in the close neighbourhood, (ii) by the N input into the soil through symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes, and (iii) by small scale heterogeneity of N availability in the soil. To address these hypotheses, in four species-rich semi-natural and natural grasslands along an altitudinal gradient from 900 to 2100ma.s.l., the association of species that grew within a radius of 5cm of selected plant species (central plant, CP) was studied. The distribution of the plant species within the plant community was not random and the species composition that grew within a radius of 5cm of a CP varied with altitude. The strength of the association between a CP and its neighbouring species decreased with increasing altitude. The 5cm radius was most dominated by individuals of the same species as the CP, suggesting that narrow dispersal (either through seeds or through vegetative propagates) may be most important for the species composition within the sward. δ15N values of non leguminous species growing near legumes compared to non leguminous species that grew far from legumes indicate that N from symbiotic N2 fixation may be another factor influencing the association of plant species. Effects of small scale heterogeneity in apparent N availability in the soil were detected to be the least important for the species composition