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1. Ocean weather, biological rates, and unexplained global ecological patterns.

Author

Li Shing Hiung, Darren, Schuster, Jasmin, Duncan, Murray, Payne, Nicholas, Helmuth, Brian, Chu, Jackson, Baum, Julia, Brambilla, Viviana, Bruno, John, Davies, Sarah, Dornelas, Maria, Gagnon, Patrick, Guy-Haim, Tamar, Jackson, Jennifer, Leichter, James, Madin, Joshua, Monteith, Zachary, Queirós, Ana, Schneider, Eric, Starko, Samuel, Talwar, Brendan, Wyatt, Alex, Aichelman, Hannah, Bensoussan, Nathaniel, Caruso, Carlo, Castillo, Karl, Choi, Francis, Dong, Yun-Wei, Garrabou, Joaquim, Guillemain, Dorian, Higgs, Nicholas, Jiang, Yuwu, Kersting, Diego, Kushner, David, Longo, Guilherme, Neufeld, Christopher, Peirache, Marion, Smyth, Tim, Sprague, Joshua, Urvoy, Gaëlle, Zuberer, Frederic, and Bates, Amanda

Subjects
biological rate, climate variability hypothesis, high frequency, in situ, ocean temperature
Abstract

As on land, oceans exhibit high temporal and spatial temperature variation. This ocean weather contributes to the physiological and ecological processes that ultimately determine the patterns of species distribution and abundance, yet is often unrecognized, especially in tropical oceans. Here, we tested the paradigm of temperature stability in shallow waters (

Published
2024

2. Fine scale depth regulation of invertebrate larvae around coastal fronts

Author

Weidberg, Nicolas, Goschen, Wayne, Jackson, Jennifer M., Pattrick, Paula, McQuaid, Christopher D., and Porri, Francesca

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Vertical migrations of zooplankters have been widely described, but their active movements through shallow, highly dynamic water columns within the inner shelf may be more complex and difficult to characterize. In this study, invertebrate larvae, currents, and hydrographic variables were sampled at different depths during and after the presence of fronts on three different cruises off the southern coast of South Africa. Internal wave dynamics were observed in the hydrographic data set but also through satellite imagery, although strong surface convergent currents were absent and thermal stratification was weak. During the first two cruises, fronts were more conspicuous and they preceded strong onshore currents at depth which developed with the rising tide. Vertical distributions of larvae changed accordingly, with higher abundances at these deep layers once the front disappeared. The third cruise was carried out during slack tides, the front was not conspicuous, deep strong onshore currents did not occur afterward and larval distributions did not change consistently through time. Overall, the vertical distributions of many larval taxa matched the vertical profiles of shoreward currents and multivariate analyses revealed that these flows structured the larval community, which was neither influenced by temperature nor chlorophyll. Thus, the ability to regulate active vertical positioning may enhance shoreward advection and determine nearshore larval distributions.

Published
2024

3. Mechanisms of nearshore retention and offshore export of mussel larvae over the Agulhas Bank

Author

Weidberg, Nicolas, Porri, Francesca, von der Meden, Charles, Jackson, Jennifer M., Goschen, Wayne, and McQuaid, Christopher

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Ecological connectivity is critical for population dynamics but in many benthic species it is complicated by a planktonic larval phase, whose dispersal remains poorly understood. Using a plankton pump, we examine the distribution of intertidal mussel larvae along three axes: alongshore, cross-shelf and by depth during a large scale (600 km) cruise over the Agulhas Bank off southern Africa in August/September 2010. As a general pattern, higher veliger abundances were found close to the coast. Our analyses of the nearshore flow, estimated from ADCP data and the vertical distribution of larvae, show that onshore larval retention may be mediated by active vertical swimming through the water column guided by light and wind-induced turbulence. A massive offshore export of larvae off St Francis Bay was, however, observed during an Agulhas Current meander which influenced inner shelf waters. We hypothesize that, by increasing and homogenizing flow, the Agulhas Current may erase the effects of larval vertical positioning on onshore retention and transport larvae offshore. Our study highlights the need to integrate the effects of complex, region-specific physical dynamics with the swimming behaviour of larvae in order to explain their spatial distribution, population connectivity and the consequences for population dynamics.

Published
2024

6. Quantum critical phase of FeO spans conditions of Earth's lower mantle

Author

Ho, Wai-Ga D., Zhang, Peng, Haule, Kristjan, Jackson, Jennifer M., Dobrosavljevic, Vladimir, and Dobrosavljevic, Vasilije V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Earth's interior consists primarily of an insulating rocky mantle and a metallic iron-dominant core. Recent work has shown that mountain-scale structures at the core-mantle boundary may be highly enriched in FeO reported to exhibit high conductivity and metallic behavior at extreme pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions. However, the underlying electronic processes in FeO remain poorly understood and controversial. Here we systematically explore the electronic structure of B1-FeO at extreme conditions with large-scale theoretical modeling using state-of-the-art embedded dynamical mean field theory (eDMFT). Fine sampling of the phase diagram at more than 350 volume-temperature conditions reveals that, instead of sharp metallization, compression of FeO at high temperatures induces a gradual orbitally selective insulator-metal transition. Specifically, at P-T conditions of the lower mantle, FeO exists in an intermediate "quantum critical" state, characteristic of strongly correlated electronic matter. Transport in this regime, distinct from insulating or metallic behavior, is marked by incoherent diffusion of electrons in the conducting t_{2g} orbital and a band gap in the e_g orbital, resulting in moderate electrical conductivity (~ 10^5 S/m) with modest P -T dependence as observed in experiments. FeO-rich regions in Earth's lowermost mantle could thus influence electromagnetic interactions between the mantle and the core, producing several features observed in Earth's rotation and magnetic field evolution.

Published
2023
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9. Science Teachers' Negotiation of Professional Vision around Dilemmas of Science Teaching in a Professional Development Context

Author

McCausland, Jonathan, Jackson, Jennifer, McDonald, Scott, Bateman, Kathryn, Pallant, Amy, and Lee, Hee-Sun

Abstract

Learning to teach is a culturally situated activity. As teachers learn, it is important to understand not only what teachers learn, but how they learn. This article describes a qualitative case study of a subset of four teachers' learning during a professional development surrounding a plate tectonics curriculum. Using qualitative methods, this study tells the story of how the four teachers negotiated professional vision for science teaching around dilemmas that emerged throughout the professional development. By taking a sociocultural perspective on professional vision, researchers can gain insight into how and what teachers learn in professional development settings because it renders teacher learning complex and nuanced. Additionally, we argue negotiating professional vision parallels sensemaking. Sensemaking around science teaching includes grappling with epistemic issues of science in addition to pedagogy and curriculum. Implications for science teacher education are discussed. Specifically, we argue learning to teach requires teachers to engage in conversations that create opportunities to "get somewhere" in relation to dilemmas they have about teaching. In this way, professional vision is an ongoing process of learning that has no endpoint or ideal articulation of teaching or science. Therefore, by framing professional vision as a process of learning we are able to push back on simplistic descriptions of teaching and science.

Published
2023
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16. Broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through epitope-based selection from convalescent patients

Author

Rouet, Romain, Henry, Jake Y., Johansen, Matt D., Sobti, Meghna, Balachandran, Harikrishnan, Langley, David B., Walker, Gregory J., Lenthall, Helen, Jackson, Jennifer, Ubiparipovic, Stephanie, Mazigi, Ohan, Schofield, Peter, Burnett, Deborah L., Brown, Simon H. J., Martinello, Marianne, Hudson, Bernard, Gilroy, Nicole, Post, Jeffrey J., Kelleher, Anthony, Jäck, Hans-Martin, Goodnow, Christopher C., Turville, Stuart G., Rawlinson, William D., Bull, Rowena A., Stewart, Alastair G., Hansbro, Philip M., and Christ, Daniel

Published
2023
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17. Combination Treatment with Verinurad and Allopurinol in CKD: A Randomized Placebo and Active Controlled Trial

Author

Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Stack, Austin G., Terkeltaub, Robert, Jongs, Niels, Inker, Lesley A., Bjursell, Magnus, Maklad, Noha, Perl, Shira, Eklund, Olof, Rikte, Tord, Sjöström, C. David, Perkovic, Vlado, Chmelickova, Hana, Lukac, Martin, Bucek, Petr, Drasnar, Tomas, Dussol, Bertrand, Guerrot, Dominique, Legrand, Eric, Boffa, Jean-Jacques, Halimi, Jean-Michel, Zaoui, Philippe, Letoha, Annamaria, Hajdu, Csaba, Pall, Denes, Peterfai, Eva, Csécsei, Gyöngyi, Bezzegh, Katalin, Deak, Laszlo, Konyves, Laszlo, Zsom, Marianna, Danos, Peter, Vangel, Sandor, Vasas, Szilard, Oroszlan, Tamas, Zilahi, Zsolt, Leiba, Adi, Grossman, Alon, Leibowitz, Avshalom, Itzhak, Baruch, Daoud, Deeb, Farber, Evgeny, Adawi, Faiad, Nakhoul, Farid M., Chernin, Gil, Kenis, Irina, Wainstein, Julio, Zeller, Lior, Elias, Mazen, Atar, Shaul, Frajewicki, Victor, Yagil, Yoram, Armaly, Zaher A., Esposito, Ciro, Viazzi, Francesca, Gambaro, Giovanni, Piatti, Piermarco, Bonadonna, Riccardo C., Arias Delgadillo, Cristhian Ronaldt, Flores, Fernando Jimenez, Aguilera Real, Manuel Enrique, Fajardo-Campos, Pedro, Violante Ortiz, Rafael Margarito, Luna Ceballos, Rosa Isela, Duran-Barragan, Sergio, Zytkiewicz-Jaruga, Danuta, Krzyzagorska, Ewa, Skokowska, Ewa, Klodawska, Katarzyna, Mordaka, Robert, Mazur, Stanislaw, Stasinska, Teresa, Sulowicz, Wladyslaw, Constantin, Ciprian, Negru, Doru, Paveliu, Fraga-Silvia, Negrisanu, Gabriela Doina, Szilagyi, Iosif, Busegeanu, Mihaela Magdalena G., Pena, Mihai Cosmin, Avram, Rodica Ioana, Ardelean, Silvia Luminita, Ilavska, Adriana, Dzupina, Andrej, Oroszova, Aniko, Kolesarova, Eva, Obetkova, Ida, Smatanova, Iveta, Babikova, Jana, Fulop, Peter, Haffner, Radovan, Rayner, Brian L., Kruger, Dawid Stephanus, Urbach, Dorothea Vera, Mitha, Essack, Vally Mahomed Latiff, Gulam Hoosain, Makan, Hemant, du Plessis, Hermanus, Jurgens, Jaco Cornelius, Reddy, Jeevren, Trokis, Julien S., McHarry, Kirsten, Distiller, Lawrence Allen, Mayet, Leila, Burgess, Lesley Jean, Van Zyl, Louis Johan, Joshi, Mukesh P., Sebastian, Peter John, Du Toit, Samantha Maria, Blignaut, Suzanne C., Serrano, Antonio Galan, Morales, Cristobal, Poch, Esteban, Mosquera, Eva Marquez, Castro, Fernando Cereto, Gonzalez Martinez, Francisco Javier, Perez- Contreras, Francisco Javier, Fernandez-Fresnedo, Gema, Garcia Mendez, Isabel Fuencisla, Perez, Jonay Pantoja, Martinez, Jordi Calabia, Gorriz Teruel, Jose Luis, Nieto Iglesias, Luis Javier, Munoz-Torres, Manuel, Munar Vila, Maria Antonia, Arenas Jimenez, Maria Dolores, Dominguez-Lopez, Marta E., Val, Miguel Hueso, Terrades, Natalia Ramos, Olmo, Rafael Santamaria, Malek Marin, Tamara Gelen, Arif, Ahmed A., Lee, Benjamin J., Mehta, Bhasker R., Baker, Bruce H., Jere, Charles S., Bains, David G., Stricklin, David G., Cheung, Deanna, Echeverri, Diego, Vera, Edgard, Heurich, Eva-Maria, Sterba, Gary A., Hernandez, German T., Paez, Henry E., Acosta, Idalia A., Ahmed, Intekhab, Sachmechi, Issac, Madu, Ivy-Joan E., Obhrai, Jagdeep Singh, Hammoud, Jamal A., Tumlin, James A., Cain, James, Moya-Hechevarria, Jaynier, Connaire, Jeffrey J., Haggiagi, Jehad, Odren, Jennifer A., Bellucci-Jackson, Jennifer M., Yan, Jieshi, Parker, John C., Tolins, Jonathan P., Gomez-Cortes, Jose D., Cardona, Jose F., Mandry, Jose M., Olivero, Juan Jorge, Hendon, Kendra S., Kaveh, Kianoosh, Kooienga, Laura A., Bermudez, Lidia R., Rich, Lisa M., Gold, Marina, Gonzalez, Marisela, Schaefer, Matthew E., Welch, Michelle, Moustafa, Moustafa A., Mussaji, Murtaza, Pergola, Pablo E., Phaosawasdi, Piangwarin, Silva, Ricardo A., Presas, Ricardo, Lynn, Robert I., Kronfli, Saeed J., Ventrapragada, Sailaja V., Niranjan, Sankar N., Husain, Sayed, Satko, Scott, Jabbour, Serge A., Rovner, Sergio F., Gouge, Steven F., Joshi, Sudhir S., Ramachandran Subramanian, Varagur Bala, Lane, Wendy, Calhoun, Wesley, and Durham, William

Published
2024
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20. Anaerobe-enriched gut microbiota predicts pro-inflammatory responses in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Author

Naidoo, Charissa, Nyawo, Georgina, Sulaiman, Imran, Wu, Benjamin, Turner, Carolin, Bu, Kevin, Palmer, Zaida, Li, Yonghua, Reeve, Byron, Moodley, Suventha, Jackson, Jennifer, Limberis, Jason, Diacon, Andreas, van Helden, Paul, Clemente, Jose, Warren, Robin, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Segal, Leopoldo, and Theron, Grant

Subjects
Co-occurrence network, Host inflammation, Microbiome, Tuberculosis, Adult, Bacteria, Anaerobic, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Inflammasomes, Interferons, Male, Signal Transduction, Transcriptome, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Up-Regulation
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The relationship between tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide, and the microbiome, which is critical for health, is poorly understood. METHODS: To identify potential microbiome-host interactions, profiling of the oral, sputum and stool microbiota [n = 58 cases, n = 47 culture-negative symptomatic controls (SCs)] and whole blood transcriptome were done in pre-treatment presumptive pulmonary TB patients. This was a cross-sectional study. Microbiota were also characterised in close contacts of cases (CCCs, n = 73) and close contacts of SCs (CCSCs, n = 82) without active TB. FINDINGS: Cases and SCs each had similar α- and β-diversities in oral washes and sputum, however, β-diversity differed in stool (PERMANOVA p = 0•035). Cases were enriched with anaerobes in oral washes, sputum (Paludibacter, Lautropia in both) and stool (Erysipelotrichaceae, Blautia, Anaerostipes) and their stools enriched in microbial genes annotated as amino acid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways. In pairwise comparisons with their CCCs, cases had Megasphaera-enriched oral and sputum microbiota and Bifidobacterium-, Roseburia-, and Dorea-depleted stools. Compared to their CCSCs, SCs had reduced α-diversities and many differential taxa per specimen type. Cases differed transcriptionally from SCs in peripheral blood (PERMANOVA p = 0•001). A co-occurrence network analysis showed stool taxa, Erysipelotrichaceae and Blautia, to negatively co-correlate with enriched death receptor and EIF2 signalling pathways whereas Anaerostipes positively correlated with enriched interferon signalling, Nur77 signalling and inflammasome pathways; all of which are host pathways associated with disease severity. In contrast, none of the taxa enriched in SCs correlated with host pathways. INTERPRETATION: TB-specific microbial relationships were identified in oral washes, induced sputum, and stool from cases before the confounding effects of antibiotics. Specific anaerobes in cases stool predict upregulation of pro-inflammatory immunological pathways, supporting the gut microbiotas role in TB. FUNDING: European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, South African-Medical Research Council, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Published
2021

21. You need an estate plan (even if you think you don't!)

Author

Jackson, Jennifer

Subjects
Wills -- Laws, regulations and rules, Estate planning -- Laws, regulations and rules, Power of attorney -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

Estate planning might seem like something you don't need to worry about until later in life. With career goals, relationships and travel plans taking priority, thinking about a Will or [...]

Published
2024

24. What do nurses do? : a mixed-methods study of nursing work and adaptation in complex adaptive systems

Author

Jackson, Jennifer, Anderson, Janet, and Maben, Jill Elizabeth

Subjects
610.73
Abstract

Introduction to Topic: Nursing is a ubiquitous and important profession that makes a crucial contribution to high quality healthcare, as the largest (and costliest) healthcare profession in the UK. Many policy initiatives have re-organised healthcare delivery, impacting the work of nurses. However, there is concern among nurses that many of these policy initiatives do not adequately recognise the complexity of nursing work. Research Aim: This thesis had the dual aims of developing a new model of nursing work, based on the insights of resilient healthcare theory, and extending resilient healthcare theory by examining its applicability to nursing work. Methods: The study had three phases. The first phase consisted of two reviews: a meta-narrative review of nursing work, and a scoping review of the resilient healthcare concepts of work-as-imagined and work-as-done. Phase 1 mapped literature and identified relevant aspects of theory. Phase 2 saw the creation of a serious video game, 'Resilience Challenge', which translated resilient healthcare concepts to clinicians through an engaging digital experience. This phase was evaluated using a cross-sectional survey at the end of the game, which assessed the feasibility and acceptability of the game as an elicitation tool. Phase 3 of the study consisted of interviews with nurses about their work, using 'Resilience Challenge' as an elicitation tool. These interviews were conducted and analysed by drawing on methods from interpretive description. Findings: 'Resilience Challenge' is an effective and feasible way to elicit reflections on work in healthcare. The findings of all phases of this thesis reinforce the complexity and challenge of nursing work. Nurse researchers have studied nursing work as different domains of labour (emotional, cognitive, organisational, and physical labour). However, nurses themselves understand their work as a role, either clinical work (patient facing), managing work (supporting a given ward/jurisdiction), or enabling work (research, education). Adaptation is a constant, hidden feature of nursing work. Discussion: Other researchers have examined the role of resilient healthcare in safety science, and this theory applies to nurses’ work in a variety of settings. This thesis adds new models of nurses’ labour and nurses’ roles, which build upon previous research by creating comprehensive pictures of what nurses do. Conclusion: Overall, this thesis demonstrated that technology is an effective way of eliciting ideas from participants. Resilient healthcare theory resonates with clinicians, and provides a useful lens for interpreting nursing work. Nurses adapt their work constantly, and these adaptations require judgement and experience, as well as a supportive environment. New models of nurses’ work may support the education and work of the profession.

Published
2020

29. Designing and 3D Printing an Improved Method of Measuring Contact Angle in the Middle School Classroom

Author

Crowe, Charles D., Hendrickson-Stives, Albanie K., Kuhn, Stephanie L., Jackson, Jennifer B., and Keating, Christine D.

Abstract

The interaction between water and surfaces is observed in our daily lives and is used in laboratories to study materials properties, such as interfacial tension. Making the connection between fundamental scientific phenomena and everyday observations is a powerful method of highlighting the importance and relevance of science to the K-12 population. Typically, expensive equipment, such as dedicated contact angle goniometers, is used in laboratories to observe how water interacts with materials. Obtaining such laboratory-grade equipment for the K-12 classroom is not only difficult but also unnecessary. Thus, we present an affordable 3D printed setup for the reliable measurement of the contact angle of water on a variety of natural and synthetic surfaces, using smart devices (e.g., cell phone, tablet) as the imaging basis. This setup enables proper backlighting, a stable camera holder for quality images, and a flat surface with an easily adjustable platform to hold the sample. Compared to simply holding the smart device by hand, the 3D printed method provided better quality images and an improved data acquisition experience when measuring the contact angle. Use in a middle school setting has shown that this 3D printed method is successful for teaching about water/surface interactions on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. This method can easily be adapted to suit learning objectives, allowing educators to explore a range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces of both biological and synthetic origin.

Published
2021
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30. Platform for isolation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants enables rapid characterization of Omicron in Australia

Author

Aggarwal, Anupriya, Stella, Alberto Ospina, Walker, Gregory, Akerman, Anouschka, Esneau, Camille, Milogiannakis, Vanessa, Burnett, Deborah L., McAllery, Samantha, Silva, Mariana Ruiz, Lu, Yonghui, Foster, Charles S. P., Brilot, Fabienne, Pillay, Aleha, Van Hal, Sabastiaan, Mathivanan, Vennila, Fichter, Christina, Kindinger, Andrea, Hoppe, Alexandra Carey, Munier, Mee Ling, Amatayakul-Chantler, Supavadee, Roth, Nathan, Coppola, Germano, Symonds, Geoff P., Schofield, Peter, Jackson, Jennifer, Lenthall, Helen, Henry, Jake Y., Mazigi, Ohan, Jäck, Hans-Martin, Davenport, Miles P., Darley, David R., Matthews, Gail V., Khoury, David S., Cromer, Deborah, Goodnow, Christopher C., Christ, Daniel, Robosa, Roselle, Starck, Damien J., Bartlett, Nathan W., Rawlinson, William D., Kelleher, Anthony D., and Turville, Stuart G.

Published
2022
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31. High-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron Mössbauer study of monoclinic ferrosilite

Author

Solomatova, Natalia V, Alieva, Ayya, Finkelstein, Gregory J, Sturhahn, Wolfgang, Baker, Michael B, Beavers, Christine M, Zhao, Jiyong, Toellner, Thomas S, and Jackson, Jennifer M

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics, Ferrosilite, Pyroxene, Spin transition, Phase transition, High pressure, Mossbauer spectroscopy, Geochemistry & Geophysics
Abstract

The phase and spin transitions in single-crystal monoclinic ferrosilite, FeSiO3, were investigated using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy up to lower-mantle pressures and room temperature in a helium pressure medium. Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, we measured the equation of state of ferrosilite up to about 43 GPa. We observed a P21/c-to-C2/c phase transition between 1.5 and 1.7 GPa and a phase transition from C2/c to a distinct P21/c structure between 30 and 34 GPa. With time-domain Mössbauer spectroscopy, we determined the hyperfine parameters of ferrous iron up to 95 GPa. The phase transitions were correlated with discontinuities in Mössbauer spectral features. We observed the onset of high-spin-to-low-spin transitions in the M1 and M2 sites at ∼37 GPa and ∼74 GPa, respectively. Understanding the electronic structure of iron in a well-characterized single crystal of ferrosilite may help interpret the behavior of iron in complex dense silicate phases.

Published
2019

32. Navigating Estate Planning: 6 tips for medical practitioners

Author

Jackson, Jennifer

Subjects
Personal finance -- Management, Medicine -- Practice, Physicians -- Finance, Estate planning -- Methods -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Company business management, Company financing, Business, international
Abstract

Medical professionals are often busy caring for others and can overlook or delay protecting their legacy. Whether you're an individual practitioner or a practice owner, robust estate planning can ensure [...]

Published
2024

35. Including Differently-Abled Students in the General Education Setting: A Multiple Case Study in Rural Mississippi

Author

Jackson, Jennifer Leigh Ann

Abstract

The problem addressed by this study was that general educators and administrators in rural school settings are unprepared to ensure the provision of successful inclusion programs to differently-abled students, which negatively impacts rural educators' attitudes and perceptions of including differently-abled students in the general education setting. Moreover, rural administrators' insufficient knowledge of effective instructional strategies for differently-abled students reveals a critical deficiency within rural school districts, which can negatively impact inclusion. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple case study was to gain a deeper understanding of how the attitudes and perceptions of general educators and administrators of rural schools regarding inclusion are affected by education and training in providing instruction for differently-abled students in an inclusive setting. Specifically, the researcher described rural general educators' and administrators' attitudes and perceptions related to the inclusion of differently-abled students in the general education classroom based on their level of education and training by reviewing data collected through one-to-one semi-structured interviews. The participants consisted of 15 general educators and two administrators from five separate schools in two different rural school districts in Mississippi. The identified research questions were utilized to create interview questions designed to explore and understand the need for professional development in rural Mississippi schools for general educators and administrators as it related to the provision of instruction to differently-abled students in the general education setting. Data analysis revealed four themes: general educators felt unprepared to provide instruction in an inclusive classroom, there were additional requirements and responsibilities associated with providing instruction to differently-abled students, general educators believed they need additional education and training, and they needed additional professional development opportunities. Results of this study revealed the importance of ongoing professional development for general educators and administrators regarding inclusive practices. The most essential need for future research is to significantly expand this study, incorporating additional participants across various areas of the United States, which will better enable researchers to determine whether the data presented in this study are generalizable and the conclusions garnered from those data valid. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2021

42. Geophysical tests for habitability in ice-covered ocean worlds

Author

Vance, Steven D., Panning, Mark P., Stähler, Simon, Cammarano, Fabio, Bills, Bruce G., Kedar, Sharon, Sotin, Christophe, Pike, William T., Lorenz, Ralph, Tsai, Victor, Huang, Hsin-Hua, Jackson, Jennifer M., and Banerdt, Bruce

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Geophysical measurements can reveal the structure of icy ocean worlds and cycling of volatiles. The associated density, temperature, sound speed, and electrical conductivity of such worlds thus characterizes their habitability. To explore the variability and correlation of these parameters, and to provide tools for planning and data analyses, we develop 1-D calculations of internal structure, which use available constraints on the thermodynamics of aqueous MgSO$_4$, NaCl (as seawater), and NH$_3$, water ices, and silicate content. Limits in available thermodynamic data narrow the parameter space that can be explored: insufficient coverage in pressure, temperature, and composition for end-member salinities of MgSO$_4$ and NaCl, and for relevant water ices; and a dearth of suitable data for aqueous mixtures of Na-Mg-Cl-SO$_4$-NH$_3$. For Europa, ocean compositions that are oxidized and dominated by MgSO$_4$, vs reduced (NaCl), illustrate these gaps, but also show the potential for diagnostic and measurable combinations of geophysical parameters. The low-density rocky core of Enceladus may comprise hydrated minerals, or anydrous minerals with high porosity comparable to Earth's upper mantle. Titan's ocean must be dense, but not necessarily saline, as previously noted, and may have little or no high-pressure ice at its base. Ganymede's silicious interior is deepest among all known ocean worlds, and may contain multiple phases of high-pressure ice, which will become buoyant if the ocean is sufficiently salty. Callisto's likely near-eutectic ocean cannot be adequately modeled using available data. Callisto may also lack high-pressure ices, but this cannot be confirmed due to uncertainty in its moment of inertia.

Published
2017
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43. Survey Recruitment Bias and Estimates of College Student Food Insecurity.

Author

Venable, Victoria, Edwards, Mark, and Jackson, Jennifer A.

Abstract

Having valid measures of college student FI is essential for justifying basic-needs services for students. But college student food insecurity (FI) rates vary significantly across institutions, perhaps partially due to differences in non-response bias resulting from participant recruitment strategies. We tested for effects of recruitment method on measured levels of college student FI at three time points (2020, 2021, 2022). Survey response rates varied dramatically across recruitment modalities. Higher FI rates were estimated in low-response-rate survey deliveries. Emailed surveys appear to inflate estimates of student FI. Efforts to increase response rates likely produce more valid estimates of college student FI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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