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Traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is generally found in pediatric patients, rarely found in adults, being a life-threatening condition especially when early diagnosis is not possible, which can lead to severe late neurological deficits. We describe a 38-year-old patient, victim of physical aggression caused by strangulation attempt who developed AARS, an uncommon traumatic cause. During the hospital care, the early diagnosis allowed us to institute a conservative treatment, which made the case uncommon, since most of the time surgical treatment is imperative. With the patient awake and under analgesia, a closed reduction was performed that promoted immediate pain relief, followed by a prescription of wearing a Philadelphia-type collar for 8 weeks. During the follow-up, cervical spine radiographies demonstrated no subluxation after removing the cervical collar. The patient was asymptomatic after 6 months of treatment. This case supports the importance of nonoperative management of AARS in selected cases.

Increasing numbers of UK students now seek mental health support while at university. Clear evidence for the best configuration of student support services is lacking. Most service evaluations have focused on counselling -- with little evaluation of low-intensity support services such as non-clinical mental health and well-being teams or student accommodation welfare support. This qualitative study addresses that gap, examining student and staff experiences of new well-being advisers in academic departments and halls of residence at one UK university in 2018, marking a step-change in welfare support delivery. Using reflexive thematic analysis with data collected in 40 focus groups and interviews approximately 18 months after service launch, five themes were identified: Trusted Friend; Joined Up Approach; Proactive versus Reactive; Belonging; and My University Cares. The well-being advisers offered timely, low-intensity support as an accessible, approachable addition to academic, clinical and online provision. However, evidence showed operational challenges such as data-sharing between academic, professional and support service staff. The volume of students seeking support also appeared to compromise resource intended for preventative and community-building work, particularly in student accommodation. Concerns remained for students who do not seek help, with findings underlining the importance of issues of belonging, connection and representation in relation to well-being support. Notably, this highly visible well-being investment appeared to shift a negative cultural narrative which was undermining student and staff confidence to one of greater reassurance of support. Our conclusions have implications for student support service configuration and emphasise the importance of a whole university well-being approach.

There is a general consensus among scholars that a gender disparity exists in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields (Moss-Racusin et al., 2018). With men holding a large proportion of faculty positions in STEM departments, they occupy a unique position wherein they may utilize their privileged status and serve as allies to promote the persistence of female students in STEM majors. However, there is a paucity of literature investigating the first-hand experience of female students with male faculty in STEM departments. Thus, the present study sought to understand female STEM students' experiences with male faculty. Using a qualitative methodology and thematic data analysis, 10 themes were identified that related to female STEM students' positive and negative experiences with male faculty as well as their suggestions for how male faculty may improve their work with female STEM students. The authors provide recommendations for ally behaviors male STEM faculty can engage in. Research and practical implications of the present study are provided.

This study examined how fermentation and roasting alter the amino acid profile of infant food created from mixtures of sorghum and soybean. Sorghum and soybean were fermented, roasted and both fermented and roasted before milling into flours. Untreated sorghum and soybean flours were also produced to serve as the control. Except for the control samples, each blend had 5% malted sorghum flour added. Weaning foods were prepared with these blends, and their amino acid profiles were determined. The contents of essential amino acids, including histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine, ranged from 2.03 to 2.48 g/100g, 3.39 to 5.22 g/100g, 8.16 to 11.21 g/100g, 4.18 to 6.38 g/100g, 1.45 to 2.41 g/100g, 4.22 to 6.34 g/100g, 3.41 to 5.86 g/100g, 2.98 to 4.30 g/100g, and 4.01 to 6.33 g/100g, respectively. The contents of non-essential amino acids, including alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and serine, varied between 3.31-6.13 g/100g, 4.93-7.32 g/100g, 10.23-14.33 g/100g, 1.38-2.35 g/100g, 13.64-16.84 g/100g, 3.99-6.35 g/100g, 3.59-5.34 g/100g, and 2.94-4.88 g/100g, respectively. The fermentation and roasting processes were found to significantly enhance the amino acid content of weaning foods with inconsistent effects. Therefore, optimizing these conditions is recommended for weaning blends to maximize health and nutritional benefits for infants and young children.

O estudo objetiva analisar comunicações visuais dispostas na recepção de Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado em 16 UBS do município de Içara, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foi realizado um registro fotográfico, conforme análise semiótica, que envolveu escolha das imagens, inventário denotativo, estabelecimento de níveis de significação, decisão de cessação e relatório. Para organização dos dados, foi utilizado o software Atlas.ti 22. Os resultados indicaram cinco categorias: materiais de apoio ao processo de trabalho em saúde (38,5%), informações sobre as UBS (26,7%), dificuldades estruturais das UBS (15,7%), recomendações da equipe de saúde aos usuários (15,7%) e objetos decorativos das recepções em UBS (3,4%). As UBS devem possuir suas recepções com poucos materiais de apoio e informes; o mobiliário precisa estar em condições adequadas; e cores muito fortes, fios elétricos expostos, pisos danificados e simbologia religiosa devem ser evitadas.

Background The WHO identifies climate change as the most significant threat to global health systems. Indigenous peoples, whose lives are deeply intertwined with nature, are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of these changes.Objective This study aimed to understand the perspectives of Indigenous stakeholders and public services managers on the interconnectedness of climate change and Indigenous health.Design A qualitative study with 22 Indigenous stakeholders and public service managers on climate change and perceived impact on Indigenous health.Setting and participants Indigenous stakeholders and public service managers on climate change and perceived impact on Indigenous health from Brazil. Data was collected through interviews incorporating two vignette videos depicting environmental and health scenarios. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data.Results The analytical process yielded six subcategories that were further grouped into three overarching thematic macro-categories: environmental degradation and climate change in the context of Indigenous peoples; environment, vulnerability and impact on Indigenous mental health; and actions and public health policies for Indigenous peoples.Conclusion The perspectives of Indigenous stakeholders and public service managers on the interconnectedness of climate change and Indigenous health were deeply entrenched in their lived experiences of loss of their lands from deforestation and environmental degradation. They argued strongly for the strengthening of public health policies aimed at the Indigenous peoples, to face many challenges, especially suicide, and to have a voice in decision-making. A sensitive approach that values Indigenous peoples' connections with nature is fundamental to promote their health and well-being.

Abstract Background Adolescent mental health problems are on the rise globally, including in Sweden. One indicator of this trend is increased psychosomatic symptoms (PSS) over time. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA), diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption may influence the time trends in PSS; however, the evidence base is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time trends in PSS and lifestyle factors. Methods The study was based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of 9,196 fifteen-year-old boys and girls in Sweden using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) symptom checklist. The sample comprised nearly equal proportions of girls (50.5%) and boys. The lifestyle factors examined in this study included PA, regular breakfast intake, consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, or soft drinks, smoking, and alcohol drunkenness. We used data from 2002 to 2018 and stratified by family affluence scale (FAS) to demonstrate how the associations varied among the FAS groups. We fitted separate regression models for the high- and low-FAS groups, where interaction terms between the year of survey and each lifestyle factor were used to estimate the level and direction of associations between the factors and trends in PSS. Results There was a generally increasing trend in PSS mean scores from 2.26 in 2002 to 2.49 in 2018 (p

Branches reduce stem quality, and the level of the effect is determined by the geometry, size, and number, of associated knots. Quantifying branchiness is difficult, as visual estimates are subjective, and mechanical measurements are impractical. Acoustic velocity (AV) is a relatively novel measurement capturing the speed stress travels through wood. AV is correlated with wood stiffness and is affected by internal characteristics like knots. This project tested AV as an indirect branchiness metric by measuring AV, height, diameter, and counting branches classified by diameter on 255 standing 8 year old longleaf pine (Pinus palustris). AV was highly correlated with height (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001) and slenderness (r = 0.52, p < 0.0001). AV was moderately correlated with large living branches (diameter > 2.54 cm) (r = -0.27, p < 0.0001), but not correlated with total branches. Height, slenderness, and the count of large living branches (diameter > 2.54 cm) were included in the selected model for AV. Inclusion of dead or small (diameter < 2.54 cm) branches reduced model power. The best model captured 11% of the variation in AV, of which branches explained 5%. We conclude that AV does not appropriately quantify individual tree branchiness, but may be suitable for comparing populations such as families or provenances. Key words: acoustic velocity, branches, stem quality, time of flight, resonance, 1. Introduction The wood quality and size of a log are critical determinants of its value, with size being an easily obtainable metric and quality being less straightforward. The number, [...]

Dementia is primarily caused by neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It affects millions worldwide, making detection and monitoring crucial. This study focuses on the detection of dementia from speech transcripts of controls and dementia groups. We propose encoding in-text pauses and filler words (e.g., “uh” and “um”) in text-based language models and thoroughly evaluating their impact on performance (e.g., accuracy). Additionally, we suggest using contrastive learning to improve performance in a multi-task framework. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches in enhancing the model’s performance, achieving 87% accuracy and an 86% f1-score. Compared to the state of the art, our approach has similar performance despite having significantly fewer parameters. This highlights the importance of pause and filler word encoding on the detection of dementia.

Health education is one of the knowledge areas in which augmented reality (AR) technology is widespread, and it has been considered as a facilitator of the learning process. In literature, there are still few studies detailing the role of mobile AR in neuroanatomy. Specifically, for the spinal cord, the teaching-learning process may be hindered due to its abstract nature and the absence of three-dimensional models. In this sense, we implemented a mobile application with AR technology named "NitLabEduca" for studying the spinal cord with an interactive exploration of 3D rotating models in the macroscopic scale, theoretical content of its specificities, animations, and simulations regarding its physiology. To investigate "NitLabEduca's" effects, eighty individuals with and without previous neuroanatomy knowledge were selected and grouped into control and experimental groups. Divided, they performed learning tasks through a questionnaire. We used the System Usability Scale (SUS) to evaluate the usability level of the mobile application and a complimentary survey to verify the adherence level to the use of mobile applications in higher education. As a result, we observed that participants of both groups who started the task with the application and finished with text had more correct results in the test (p < 0.001). SUS results were promising in terms of usability and learning factor. We concluded that studying the spinal cord through "NitLabEduca" seems to favor learning when used as a complement to the printed material.

Background Growing numbers of students now seek mental health support from their higher education providers. In response, a number of universities have invested in non-clinical well-being services, but there have been few evaluations of these. This research addresses a critical gap in the existing literature. Aims This study examined the impact of introducing non-clinical well-being advisers on student mental health and help-seeking behaviour at a large UK university. Method Survey data collected pre–post service introduction in 2018 (n = 5562) and 2019 (n = 2637) measured prevalence of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7), and low mental well-being (Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale), alongside student support-seeking behaviour. Logistic regression models investigated changes in outcome measures. Administrative data (2014–2020) were used to investigate corresponding trends in antidepressant prescribing at the onsite health service, student counselling referrals and course withdrawal rates. Results Adjusted models suggested reductions in students’ levels of anxiety (odds ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.96) and low well-being (odds ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.75–0.94) in 2019, but not depression symptoms (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.93–1.17). Statistical evidence showed reduced student counselling referrals, with antidepressant prescribing and course withdrawal rates levelling off. Student perception of the availability and accessibility of university support improved. Conclusions Our findings suggest a non-clinical well-being service model may improve student perception of support, influence overall levels of anxiety and low well-being, and reduce clinical need. The current study was only able to examine changes over the short term, and a longer follow-up is needed.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) and quality of life (QOL). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women receiving care in Primary Health Care in the municipality of Criciúma, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in 2022; QOL was assessed in the physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains using WHOQOL-Bref instrument; IPVP was evaluated by means of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women; Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 389 pregnant women were evaluated; IPVP was observed in 13.6% of cases; in the adjusted analysis, IPVP remained associated with physical, psychological and social relationship domains; pregnant women who experienced IPVP had a reduction in their QOL score by 9.77, 11.07 and 8.95 points, respectively, when compared to those who did not experience IPVP. Conclusion IPVP was associated with poorer QOL in the physical, psychological and social relationships domains. Health services equipped to address and prevent violence against pregnant women are essential.

Tumor evolution is driven by the progressive acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that enable uncontrolled growth and expansion to neighboring and distal tissues. The study of phylogenetic relationships between cancer cells provides key insights into these processes. Here, we introduced an evolving lineage-tracing system with a single-cell RNA-seq readout into a mouse model of Kras;Trp53(KP)-driven lung adenocarcinoma and tracked tumor evolution from single-transformed cells to metastatic tumors at unprecedented resolution. We found that the loss of the initial, stable alveolar-type2-like state was accompanied by a transient increase in plasticity. This was followed by the adoption of distinct transcriptional programs that enable rapid expansion and, ultimately, clonal sweep of stable subclones capable of metastasizing. Finally, tumors develop through stereotypical evolutionary trajectories, and perturbing additional tumor suppressors accelerates progression by creating novel trajectories. Our study elucidates the hierarchical nature of tumor evolution and, more broadly, enables in-depth studies of tumor progression.

Amorphous silicon films prepared by electron-beam evaporation have systematically and substantially greater atomic density for higher thickness, higher growth temperature, and slower deposition rate, reaching the density of crystalline Si when films of thickness greater than ∼300 nm are grown at 425 °C and at

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255781.].

Abstract Background Chronic fatigue syndrome is an idiopathic syndrome widely suspected of having an infectious or immune etiology. We applied an unbiased metagenomic approach to try to identify known or novel infectious agents in the serum of 45 cases with chronic fatigue syndrome or idiopathic chronic fatigue. Controls were the unaffected monozygotic co-twins of cases, and serum samples were obtained at the same place and time. Results No novel DNA or RNA viral signatures were confidently identified. Four affected twins and no unaffected twins evidenced viremia with GB virus C (8.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.019), and one affected twin had previously undetected hepatitis C viremia. An excess of GB virus C viremia in cases with chronic fatigue requires confirmation. Conclusions Current, impairing chronic fatigue was not robustly associated with viremia detectable in serum.

Background: Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) can cause challenges with information gathering. Cognitive processes aid in implicit and explicit information gathering, yet the relationship between these processes and question-asking, the most explicit avenue of information gathering, has not been explored. The purpose of this exploratory descriptive study was to test the hypothesis that adults with RHD differ from controls in the types of questions produced during a conversational discourse task and whether observed differences are associated with cognitive limitations. Method: Adults with RHD (n = 15) and controls (n = 15) participated in a 5-min "first-encounter conversation" and were assessed for attention, memory, executive functioning (EF), visuospatial skills, and language domains using the Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test (CLQT). Questions produced during the conversation were coded and tallied by type: polar (yes/no), content (wh-), or alternative (A or B) using Computerized Language Analysis programs. Groups were compared on total questions used, use of questions by type, and CLQT domain scores; associations were computed between cognitive domain scores and question types. Results: Compared with controls, adults with RHD used half as many questions overall and scored significantly lower on the attention, executive function, and visuospatial domains of the CLQT. For the RHD group, there was a significant correlation between EF scores and the production of content and polar questions. Conclusions: The frequency of question-asking is important to understanding the communication profile in adults with RHD. Executive function, attention, and, to a lesser extent, visuospatial capabilities may contribute to question-asking behaviors in conversation in this population. The RHD Framework for Asking Questions is proposed to illustrate the potential areas of deficit in the question-asking process after RHD.