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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of threonine:digestible lysine ratio in the diet on the physiological variables and weight of organs of light laying hens. Two hundred and ten 47 week-old Dekalb White laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five levels of threonine (0.507; 0.552; 0.597; 0.642 and 0.677%) and seven replicates of six birds each. The experimental period was 10 weeks, totaling 62 days and more eight days for the animals to adapt. The physiological parameters of cloacal temperature (CT), respiratory rate (RR) and average surface temperature (AST) were recorded weekly (7:00 am, 10:00 am, 1:00 pm, 4:00 pm, and 7:00 pm); after solid and water fasting, the birds were slaughtered to assess the absolute weight of the organs. The time of day influenced (p < 0.05) the physiological parameters RR and AST, and CT showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of increasing levels of digestible threonine. The total weight of the pancreas, proventriculus and lung showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of the increase in the levels of digestible threonine. The respiratory rate is affected by the levels of threonine in the diet. The 0.687% level promoted hypertrophy of the pancreas, proventriculus and lung, promoting more significant activity of these organs.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological variables of the cultivar Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw in the first cycle and in the regrowth, under different frequencies of drip irrigation, cultivated in the Agreste da Paraíba mesoregion. Therefore, a randomized block design was used, with 2 treatments (irrigation frequencies) and 4 replications (blocks), with each treatment repeated 3 times within the block (triplicate) totaling 24 experimental plots. For physiological variables, data were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means compared by t test at 5% probability using SAS ® (2002). The present study shows that the stress of environmental conditions had a greater impact on the frequency of irrigation every 28 days, since the forage cactus irrigated every 7 days had the highest internal concentration of CO2; CO2 absorption rate; instant efficiency in water use; intrinsic efficiency of water use; instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, both in the first cycle and in the regrowth period. Respiratory rate and stomatal conductance did not differ between irrigation frequencies for both cycles, showing the good adaptation of the cultivar to the semiarid region.

The present work had the objective to determine the tendency and the influence percentage of climatic variables on the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) in the interannual, rainy, and dry seasons for the state of Paraiba. First, the occurrence or not of a trend on the THI was determined by the Mann-Kendall method in the periods under study. After normalizing all variables under study, it was possible to calculate the influence percentage of each variable and to identify which variables most contributed to the increase/decrease of the THI in the municipalities. Also, it was calculated the THI under conditions of future climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and made a zoning for all States proposing mitigating measures to reduce the impacts on the thermal discomfort. Thus, the present work shows that there was an increase in the THI trend for all municipalities, except in Monteiro, which presented a reduction of −0.73 per decade. The air temperature was the variable which presented the highest contribution percentage, except in Patos during the rainy period because it had sunshine duration as the variable which most influenced the THI. The present work shows also that climatic variables that are not present in the THI calculation exert influences on it. Under conditions of climate change, more than half of Paraiba State will be in moderate stress for dairy cattle, taking as mitigation measure the planting of trees or through tiles, straw, or curtains, facilitating the maintenance of homeothermia and reducing the excess heat received by direct solar radiation.

DIAGNÓSTICO BIOCLIMÁTICO COM RECOMENDAÇÕES CONSTRUTIVAS PARA OVINOS SANTA INÊS NO BREJO PARAIBANO, BRASIL VALQUIRIA CORDEIRO DA SILVA¹, JOSÉ PINHEIRO LOPES NETO¹, DERMEVAL ARAÚJO FURTADO¹, JACIARA RIBEIRO MIRANDA¹, JOELMA VIEIRA DO NASCIMENTO DUARTE¹ ¹ Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG. UFCG. Rua: Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, CEP 58428-830, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. valquiriacordeiro1@gmail.com. lopesneto@gmail.com; araujodermeval@gmail.com; jaciara.miranda03@gmail.com; joelmavnduarte@hotmail.com RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar o diagnóstico bioclimático para a produção de ovinos Santa Inês na microrregião do Brejo paraibano, Brasil, através das variáveis climáticas temperatura do ar e umidade relativa, assim como da exigência térmica dos animais, propondo medidas mitigadoras para criação destes animais. As variáveis climáticas foram obtidas na estação meteorológica convencional no município de Areia, PB, de 1988 a 2018, calculando-se, também, o Índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU). As variáveis obtidas foram comparadas com as condições de conforto térmico ideais para três fases de vida, cordeiros, borregos e ovinos adultos. Assim, para a criação dos cordeiros na microrregião do Brejo são necessários medidas para o acondicionamento térmico para minimizar o estresse por frio das instalações dos meses de junho a setembro, período onde o ITU encontra-se inferior para essa fase. As borregas por sua vez, apresentam estresse por calor em boa parte do ano, já que o ITU se encontra elevado de novembro a abril, necessitando de medidas corretivas para minimizar esse estresse. Já para ovinos adultos, são exigidas poucas adequações nas instalações, apenas para redução do efeito da umidade relativa do ar, recomendando-se, portanto, essa atividade para a região. Palavras-chave: ambiência, índice de temperatura e umidade, ovinocultura BIOCLIMATIC DIAGNOSIS WITH CONSTRUCTIVE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SHEEP SANTA INÊS IN BREJO PARAIBANO, BRAZIL ABSTRACT: The work aimed to carry out the bioclimatic diagnosis for the production of Santa Inês sheep in the micro-region of Brejo Paraíba, Brazil, through the climatic variables, air temperature and relative humidity, as well as the thermal demand of the animals, proposing mitigating measures for creating these animals. The climatic variables were obtained from the conventional meteorological station in the municipality of Areia, PB, from 1988 to 2018, also calculating the temperature and humidity index (ITU). The variables obtained were compared with the ideal thermal comfort conditions for three stages of life, lambs, lambs and adult sheep. Thus, for the rearing of lambs in the microregion of Brejo, measures for thermal conditioning are necessary to minimize the cold stress of the installations from June to September, a period where the ITU is lower for this phase. The lambs, in turn, have heat stress for most of the year, as the ITU is high from November to April, requiring corrective measures to minimize this stress. As for adult sheep, few adjustments are required in the facilities, to reduce the effect of relative humidity in the air, therefore, this activity is recommended for the region. Keywords: ambience; temperature and humidity index; sheep farming

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of four water salinity levels on productive performance, physiological and behavioral responses of confined sheep. Thus, 24 crossbred sheep, ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês were evaluated while receiving ration and water ad libitum. The experimental design was completely randomized, composed of four treatments (1.5; 3.0; 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1) and six replicates. The water supply with salinity of up to 9.0 dSm-1 did not affect (P > 0.05) the physiological indexes, performance, or ingestive behavior of the animals, which were able to maintain normal physiological conditions even at times when the thermal comfort indexes were above the ideal. For voluntary water consumption, it was observed that there was a significant difference between treatments (P < 0.05), where animals consuming water with a conductivity of 1.5; 3.0 dSm-1 had lower consumption than those who received six dSm-1. The supply of water with a salinity of up to 9.0 dSm-1 did not affect the performance or the ingestive behavior of the animals, so waters with this salinity can be a valid alternative for crossbred sheep in the semi-arid region, as long as it is used seasonally and strategically.

VARIÁVEIS FISIOLÓGICAS, PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DO LEITE DE CABRAS PARDA ALPINA NO PERÍODO SECO DO SEMIÁRIDO JACIARA RIBEIRO MIRANDA1; DERMEVAL ARAÚJO FURTADO2; JOSÉ PINHEIRO LOPES NETO3; JOSÉ WALLACE BARBOSA4; JOAQUIM REGIS MALHEIROS FILHO5 Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58429-900, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil,1jaciara-miranda@hotmail.com; 2araujodermeval@gmail.com; 3lopesneto@gmail.com; 4wallacebosa@hotmail.com; 5malheirosfilho@yahoo.com.br. RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ambiente sobre as variáveis fisiológicas, desempenho produtivo e qualidade do leite de cabras de três grupos genéticos, Parda Alpinas, ¾ Parda Alpina + ¼ SRD e ½ Parda Alpina + ½ SRD, no período seco no semiárido paraibano. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 3 tratamentos e 9 repetições, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo o teste de Tukey a 5 %. Conclui-se que nas condições do ambiente estudado, as cabras Parda Alpina, das composições genéticas ½, ¾ e pura, conseguiram manter a homeotermia, utilizando de forma semelhante o aumento da frequência respiratória nas horas mais quentes do dia. A composição ¾ Parda Alpina apresentou maior produção de leite, sendo o grupo indicado para ser explorado nas condições do presente estudo, sendo que a qualidade do leite não foi afetada pela composição racial. Não ocorreu diferença significativa entre os componentes do leite entre os grupos genéticos e os animais ½ Alpina apresentam menores valores de contagem de células somáticas entre os grupos genéticos, sendo estes mais adaptados às condições ambientais e menos susceptíveis às infecções da glândula mamária. Palavras-chaves: ambiência, contagem de células somáticas, caprinocultura, grupo racial, produção leiteira. PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES, PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF ALPINE GOATS MILK IN THE SEMIARID IN THE DRYING PERIOD ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of the environment on the physiological variables, productive performance and milk quality of goats from three genetic groups, Parda Alpines, ¾ Parda Alpine + ¼ SRD and ½ Parda Alpine + ½ SRD, in semi-arid dry period in Paraiba State. The statistical design used was completely randomized, with 3 treatments and 9 replicates. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% of significance. It was concluded that Parda Alpina goats, from genetic compositions ½, ¾ and pure, were able to maintain the homeothermia, similarly using increased respiratory rate during the hottest hours of the day. The composition ¾ Parda Alpina + ¼ SRD presented higher milk production, being the group indicated to be explored under the conditions of this present study, milk quality was not affected by racial composition. There was no significant difference between milk components between the genetic groups and the ½ Alpine animals, showing lower values of somatic cell counts among the genetic groups, turn them more adapted to the environmental conditions and less susceptible to mammary gland infections. Keywords: ambience, somatic cell count, goat breeding, racial group, dairy production

Sheep breeding displays high potential, but, in order to maximize productivity, the exploitation of the entire genetic potential of these animals, combined with diets tailored to meet their nutritional requirements, is required. Knowledge on sheep ingestive behavior is important for diet evaluations, which allows for adjustments regarding dietary management, in order to obtain superior productive performance. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the interference of two distinct environments in the behavioral responses of Santa Inês and Dorper sheep breeding activities during the dry period at the Paraíba Cariri region. The study was carried out in the municipality of Caturité, Paraíba, with 20 male sheep, 10 Santa Inês breeds and 10 Dorper breeds. The animals were subdivided into four lots, containing five animals each, and placed in two different environments, in the sun and in the shade. Feeding behavior was determined by quantifying parameters for 10 hours/day, at 5 min intervals. A completely randomized design (CRD) in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme was applied, of two breeds and two environments, with three replicates. The data were analyzed by SAS, applying the chi-square test. The main daily sheep activities comprised alternate periods of feeding, rumination and idleness, and behavioral activities were exhibited the worse results in the sun environment.

A exposição a temperaturas elevadas restringe a produtividade animal, tendo em vista as mudanças fisiológicas e hormonais que podem ser ocasionados pelo estresse térmico, contudo os estudos bioclimatológicos servem como ferramenta fundamental para avaliar os efeitos climáticos sobre o comportamento fisiológico dos animais, contribuindo desta forma com a seleção de animais mais adaptados às condições climáticas do semiárido. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos das diferentes temperaturas (25,7; 29,4 e 33,4 ºC) em câmara climática nas respostas dos gradientes térmicos, do hormônio cortisol e dos pontos das temperaturas superficiais médias em caprinos mestiços da raça Boer, utilizando-se seis caprinos ¾Boer + ¼SRD, com peso médio de 25+ kg. Foram estimados os gradientes térmicos TS-TA (Temperatura Superficial - Temperatura Ambiental), TR-TS (Temperatura Retal - Temperatura Superficial) e TR-TA (Temperatura Retal - Temperatura Ambiental), coletou-se amostras de sangue para avaliação e quantificação das concentrações plasmáticas de cortisol pelo método Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorlent Assay (ELISA) e calculadas as temperaturas superficiais com base em diferentes metodologias. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e seis repetições; os dados foram analisados por meio do SAS pela aplicação dos procedimentos GLM e Teste de Tukey (T

No nordeste brasileiro a caprinocultura se destaca pela rusticidade das raças e sua adaptabilidade a ambientes de temperaturas elevadas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos das diferentes temperaturas (25,7; 29,4 e 33,4ºC) em câmara climática nas respostas fisiológicas e de desempenho em caprinos mestiços da raça Boer, utilizando-se seis caprinos ¾Boer + ¼SRD, com peso médio de 25+ kg. Foram coletadas as variáveis fisiológicas TR (temperatura retal), FR (frequência respiratória), FC (frequência cardíaca) e TS (temperatura superficial), e também foram coletadas as variáveis produtivas CR (consumo de ração), CAg (consumo de água), GP (ganho de peso) e CA (conversão alimentar). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e seis repetições; os dados foram analisados por meio do SAS pela aplicação dos procedimentos GLM e Teste de Tukey (T