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This document aims to give a detailed picture of the processes and tools used to validate the dataset found in product INSITU_GLO_BGC_REP_OBSERVATIONS_013_046. This is the In-Situ Thematic Assembly Centre Re-Processed Bio-Geo-Chemical product (hereinafter BGC REP) that integrates observation aggregated from the Regional EuroGOOS consortium (Arctic-ROOS, BOOS, NOOS, IBI-ROOS, MONGOOS) and Black Sea GOOS as well as from SeaDataNet2 National Data Centers (NODCs) and EMODnet chemistry 2018 and JCOMM global systems (Argo, GOSUD, OceanSITES, GTSPP, DBCP) and the Global telecommunication system (GTS) used by the Met Offices. The BGC REP dataset integrates updated quality flags from the Near-Real Time (hereinafter NRT) product (INSITU_GLO_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_013_030) history directory files downloaded from the Global Distribution Unit at IFREMER on 2021 July 7th. Quality flags have been reanalysed in delayed mode using updated real-time and delayed mode quality assessment procedures as described in this document. The data set is a subset of the Global Ocean In-Situ Near-Real-Time Observations (INSITU_GLO_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_013_030), where the biogeochemical (chlorophyll, oxygen and nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silicate)) parameters have been quality controlled and new quality control flags have been applied. The other parameters present in the files (and their quality control flags) are identical to the data of the original files in the data set mentioned above. Files which do not contain suitable chlorophyll, oxygen or nutrients data have not been included.

This Product User Manual describes reprocessed biogeochemical dataset called INSITU_GLO_BGC_REP_OBSERVATIONS_013_046 distributed by the CMEMS In Situ Thematic Assembly Centre: how it is built, what is the content, what data services are available to access them, and how to use the files. The INS-TAC is a distributed system built on the existing activities and services developed previously within the EU supported projects (MyOcean, Mersea, MFSTEP, FerryBox, SEPRISE ...) and EuroGOOS Regional alliances (ROOSes). It aims at providing a research and operational framework to develop and deliver in situ observations and derived products based on such observations, to address progressively global but also regional needs either for monitoring, modelling or downstream service development.

This document - Final implementation: Data delivery and report on results of the distributed observing systems for ocean and sea ice - describes autonomous components of the Arctic observing system for ocean and sea ice measurements that were developed, tested, and implemented during the INTAROS field work seasons. Instruments and platforms described in D3.13 drifted freely on the sea ice or in the water column (ice tethered platforms, ice buoys and floats), moved along preprogrammed tracks (gliders) or measured autonomously at fixed locations (deep ocean moorings). An autonomous sensor package (FerryBox) and drone-based sensors were used to collect observations from the ships of opportunity or during large observing campaigns like MOSAiC. This document is intended to: − Review status and performance of autonomous mobile and fixed observing platforms and sensors used for collecting ocean and sea ice observations in the Arctic during the INTAROS field work seasons. − Describe performance and data obtained from the ice-tethered IAOOS-Equipex platform used for combined physical, atmospheric and sea ice measurements in the central Arctic Ocean. − Describe performance and data collected with the deep ocean mooring deployed for the second INTAROS field season in the deep Nansen Basin. − Describe performance and data collected by SIMBA (Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array) platforms for sea ice measurements, deployed with INTAROS contribution in the Arctic Ocean. − Describe performance and data collected with new biogeochemical sensors for the FerryBox (pH/carbonate sensor, spectral absorption sensor and microplastic sampler) developed under INTAROS. − Describe the performance of gliders and results from new endurance glider lines established under INTAROS in the northern Fram Strait. − Describe INTAROS contribution to an array of BGC Argo floats in the Baffin Bay observatory, their performance, and collected data. − Assess performance and fitness-to-purpose of the platforms, sensors and systems implemented under Task 3.4 for a future sustained Arctic observing system.

Previous versions of this document and up to version 2.5 were generated during MyOcean, MyOcean2 and MyOceanFO EU-projects. Starting in CMEMS, several updates have been performed but not officially released. Version 3.1 is the first official release within CMEMS with focus on chlorophyll-a fluorescence. The present Version 6 is the method used for the production of CMEMS INSITU_GLO_BGC_REP_OBSERVATIONS_013_046 release for the V4 of CMEMS in 2018. This document presents quality assessment tools that can be applied as soon as data are delivered to the CMEMS production units, as well as reprocessing tools. The latter requires a certain knowledge about the type and structure of the data in order to build the control quality test. In addition, a set of tools have been developed for the evaluation of the tests themselves and are likely to be applied on monthly and history repositories only. These evaluation tools are not expected to be implemented at production unit (PU) level, but applied by experts and scientists. The resulting analysis should confirm or provide an upgrade of the quality control tests implemented at PU level.

Project manager E. Therese Harvey The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive require that EU Member States establish appropriate strategies and sampling programmes for microplastic in the marine environment. We report the results of a second study sampling microplastics in the Inner Danish Water using the Ferrybox system onboard the ‘M/S Color Line Fantasy’ ferry between Oslo and Kiel. This study aimed to supplement and extend a pilot project following recommendations to increase sample frequency and sample volume.

This document conains recommendations for Copernicus Marine in situ Production Centers and Data Providers. Data provided to CMEMS (Copernicus Marine) must be provided in a way ensuring that their use in quality control but also for the community is obvious. While this is most often understood for physical parameters, it is not always the case for biogeochemical (BGC) data.

In January 2014, NIVA participated in a survey by the wreck of submarine U-864 outside Fedje. NIVA’s role was to carry out environmental monitoring during the survey. The cruise was ended by the deployment of an acoustic current profiler close to the wreck. The purpose was to perform a long term current monitoring of one year in the area and provide detailed information about current conditions for planning future subsea activities. The current profiler was deployed at 152 m depth between the two pieces of the submarine U-864 wreck. A trench with depths of about 174 m is found to the north of the site. The measurements started January 14, 2014 and ended 23 March, 2015. This represent at valuable and rare time series of current conditions in the Norwegian coastal current. The currents vary with depth, and the observations are divided into three layers: a bottom layer from 125m to 150m, an intermediate layer from 30m to 125m and a surface layer from 0m to 30m. The most striking characteristics of the current field are that the flow occurs mostly in the northerly direction and with a relatively high current speed. I januar 2014 deltok NIVA på et tokt ved ubåt U-864 utenfor Fedje. NIVAs rolle var å utføre miljøovervåking. Toktet ble avsluttet med utsetting av en akustisk strømmåler som skulle stå der i ett år og foreta langtidsmålinger av strømforholdene gjennom hele vannsøylen. Instrument ble satt ut ved 152m dyp mellom begge vrakdelene. Målingene ble utført mellom 14. januar 2014 og 23. mars 2015 og bidrar til verdifull informasjon om den Norske Kyststrømmen. Utfra observasjonene ble det mulig å dele opp vannsøylen i 3 forskjellige lag: et bunnlag som strekker seg fra 125m til 150m, et intermediært lag mellom 125m og 30m og helt øverst en overflate lag fra 30m og oppover. Målingene viser at vann strømmer stort sett bare mot nord og med relativ høy hastighet. DOF Subsea Norway

The present version includes a more detailed description of challenges and difficulties related to real -time data quality control (RTQC) from biogeochemical (BGC) sensors as opposed to data from physical sensors has been added to this document (Section 2). The main goal of adding this information is to help the reader to understand the possibilities and limitations regarding RTQC of BGC data. For instance, there is a need to clearly distinct between bad Chlorophylla (Chl a) data caused by sensor failure and uncertain data caused by inherent natural variations in the Chl a fluorescence:Chl a concentration ratio. An extra paragraph addressing this issue has also been included in Section 1. Further progress of the current document will include a refined and extended set of real-time quality tests that can realistically be established to work on BGC data from various in situ platforms. Additions are under development and will be provided in Section 4. The following tests are under consideration for revision: Gradient/ spike test; Range test (global + regional) ; Inter-sensor comparison ; Vertical range test; Biofouling detection test ; Parameter relationship test; Oxygen vs Chl a fluorescence ; T/S vs fluorescence ; Day/night; ;sun height The revised tests should be applied on a selected dataset in order to assess their validity. These revisions provide also a better roadmap for delayed mode quality control procedures. . Published Refereed Current Standard Operating Procedure Guide

NIVA has done environmental monitoring during a survey by the wreck of submarine U-864 outside Fedje. The survey was done in January 2014 on the vessel Geosund from DOF Subsea Norway. The main task for NIVA was to monitor if the work by the submarine caused any spreading of contaminated sediment. This was done by monitoring of turbidity around the wreck and analysis of mercury in water samples. A water current profiler was deployed in the mid area between the two main wreck sections. NIVA also did measurements for mercury in air on the vessel. The digging and dredging in the contaminated area caused some spreading of particles contaminated with mercury, but the concentrations in the water samples were low (class II (good) or less). One sediment trap (10 m above the seabed) recovered from a position ca 200m northwest of the operation center contained 4.2 mg Hg/kg dry weight. This is classified as class V (very bad). The high concentration of mercury in the sediment trap shows that the digging and dredging has caused spreading of contamination. Model calculations based on the measurements available from the survey, showed that particle spreading will occur mainly towards northwest. Sediment fractions with size of more than 100 μm will settle within the 50 m model grid surrounding the operation. Particles with size 63 μm will not have travelled far beyond 200 m northwest of the operation center, but fine clay fractions (20 μm) may be transported up to 1 km away. It can be assumed that smaller sized particles will not constitute any significant fraction of the bulk sediment. DOF Subsea Norway

This report provides: 1. A review of the present status of the 16 Ferrybox systems currently operated by JERICO partners. 2. Access to detailed information on the Ferrybox systems on line at the FerryBox project web site (www.ferrybox.org) at the link http://www.ferrybox.org/routes/northern_europe/index.html.en. 3. A set of recommendations and guidance for setting up a new Ferrybox system, based on the experience of the current status of the operation of Ferrybox systems. Next steps are considered in an overview of potential advances resulting from the work of the JERICO project. 4. Part of the JERICO vision is the improved harmonisation of activities through the sharing of information and the standardisation of operating procedures connecting operations at sea and generation of real time data through to the archiving of fully quality controlled and documented data sets. Items following on from the 1st JERICO Workshop are discussed. 5. Ferrybox information is being used to review the current status of and best technical practice for operating Ferrybox systems as part of JERICO work packages WP4 (Harmonizing Operation and Maintenance Methods) and WP5 (Data Management and Distribution). For example, delayed-mode Ferrybox data activities will be routed through WP Task 5.2. This task will also manage the necessary interaction between JERICO and SeaDataNet II. JERICO needs to think how this will be developed in practice across the different user groups and the training required. 6. A task of the JERICO meeting in Crete (October 2012) should be to define a “roadmap” for fully developing the links between MyOcean and the potential providers of near real time data from Ferryboxes that are useful in the context of the activities of MyOcean.

Denne rapporten beskriver beregninger av tilførsel av olje, miljøgifter og radioaktive stoffer fra syv kilder til syv regioner i den norske delen av Norskehavet. Dataene fra de ulike kildene brukes til å beregne konsentrasjoner av miljøgifter i vannsøylen i hele det definerte området av Norskehavet (3 dimensjoner) og beregne transport av Hg, PCB153 og BaP inn og ut av hver av de syv regionene. Denne transportfluksen er stor sammenlignet med tilførslene og vil skiftevis være en netto kilde eller netto sluk til hver region. Hovedtrekkene er at tilførslene domineres av nedfall fra atmosfæren som balanseres av nedbrytning og sedimentering i vannsøylen pluss eksport/import fra tilstøtende havområder. Det er relativt liten tilførsel av miljøfarlige stoffer. Med få unntak gir tilførsel fra luft det største bidrag av kvikksølv, bly, kadmium, krom, arsen, PCB (PCB-153) og PAH (benzo[a]pyren) til alle regionene. Unntak gjelder bidrag fra land for krom i midt-Norge og bidrag fra havbunn for bly og krom fra mer sentrale deler av Norskehavet. Skipstrafikk dominerer mht. tilførsel av olje. Tilførsel fra luft gir det største bidraget av radionuklidene plutonium-239+240 og strontium-90 i den østlige delen av Norskehavet. Ellers er Sellafield den dominerende kilden. Miljøgifter i sediment og torsk viste i hovedsak lave til moderate konsentrasjoner. Konsentrasjonen av radioaktive stoffer i vann, sediment og torsk var lave, og sammenlignbare med resultater fra andre undersøkelser i Norskehavet. Det er fortsatt store kunnskapsmangler og usikkerheter både i datagrunnlag og i estimatene av tilførsler. Det er spesielt viktig å få forbedrede tall for tilførsler til havområdene via luft og forbedring av de marine transport- og spredningsmodellene. Klif

På oppdrag for Askøy kommune er det gjort undersøkelser omkring de utslippene av kommunalt avløpsvann ved Erdal, Florvåg, Kleppestø og Strusshamn. Filmopptak ved bruk av ROV viser noen mindre tekniske problemer ved Erdal, Florvåg og Strusshamn, men praktisk talt ingen visuell forurensning av bunnen ved utslippspunktene. Undersøkelse av avløpsvannets spredning med sporstoff og simulering med matematisk modell viser at fortynningen av avløpsvannet er så stor at utslippene ikke gjensidig påvirker hverandre. Utslippet i 7 m dyp ved Kleppestø er imidlertid svært uheldig plassert. For helhetens skyld nevnes at en samtidig undersøkelse av sedimenter ved utslippene viste generelt lave konsentrsjoner av miljøgifter. Bunnfaunaen ved Strusshamn og det grunne utslippet på Kleppestø viste påvirkning av næringssalter og organisk stoff, mens faunaen ved de tre andre utslippene var upåvirket.