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Side scan sonar is a common tool for seafloor imaging and surveying due its efficiency and high resolution. The backscatter information from side scan sonar enables to identify sediment types and seabed roughness, often used to study sediment dynamics. Theory suggests that side scan sonar backscatter can be correlated to the geotechnical properties of the seabed surface. This could enhance the prediction of erodibility and efficiency of seabed sediment characterization, considering that side scan sonar can offer large spatial coverage in a short time. In this study, high-frequency (1000 kHz) side scan sonar backscatter data, sediment samples, and in-situ seabed strength profiles were collected of the seabed surface at ten locations. Statistical analysis of the backscatter data compared with geotechnical data showed trends between mean backscatter, soil strength, and textural sediment properties. Generally, mean backscatter increased when sediment strength and mean grain size increased and when water content and fines content decreased. However, roughness from bedforms, the presence of oysters, shell hash as well as variations in water content (i.e., porosity) of the seafloor heavily influenced the backscatter and sometimes masked any relationships with the strength properties directly. Naval Research Lab [N00173-19-1-G018]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-1820848]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-18-1-2435] Published version AcknowledgementsThe author would like to thank Grace Massey, Julie Paprocki, Albin Rosado, Tom Lippmann, and John Hunt for field data collection. The author would like to thank Nick Brilli and Julie Paprocki for their help in processing the PFFP data. This work was funded by the Naval Research Lab through grant N00173-19-1-G018, the National Science Foundation through grant CMMI-1820848, and the Office of Naval Research through grant N00014-18-1-2435. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.

Seabed surface sediments vary with active geomorphodynamics and sediment remobilization processes. Understanding relations between geotechnical sediment properties and sediment mobilization processes can potentially improve predictions of coastal erosion and hazard mitigation. Portable free fall penetrometers have emerged as an economic and useful tool for rapid geotechnical site characterization and uppermost sediment layer investigation. Acoustic methods have been used to assess seabed layering, scour evolution, and seabed morphology. However, there still exist major limitations in using these methods for classification and characterization of seabed sediment surface layers in the context of local sediment dynamics. Therefore, the goal of this research is to advance field data collection methods and field data availability towards advancing the current understanding and prediction of nearshore sediment dynamics. Geotechnical and geophysical measurements were conducted at different sites: Delaware Bay, Delaware; Pea Island, North Carolina; York River, Virginia; Potomac River, Maryland; Guadalupe River, Brazos River, Colorado River, Texas with different soil types and properties, hydrodynamic conditions, and morphological settings. The data collected was utilized to address the research goals through: (1) combining geotechnical and acoustic measurements to get better insight on sediment dynamics and erodibility, (2) proposing a framework that utilizes PFFP data to classify soil and estimate certain sediment properties (relative density and friction angle for sand and undrained shear strength for clays), relevant for local sediment dynamics, and (3) investigating how relevant geotechnical properties are reflected in acoustic, and specifically chirp sonar measurements. The findings of this research support the capability of portable free fall penetrometer to estimate sediment properties in topmost layers for different soil types such as friction angles, with an accuracy of ± 1° and undrained shear strength values, with

This publication is part of the proceedings of the Biot-Bažant Conference on Engineering Mechanics and Physics of Porous Materials, which took place virtually on June 1-3, 2021. It contains a one-page abstract and the video of the talk that was given at the conference.

Bu çalışma, İngilizce altyazı kullanımının yabancı bir dil olarak İngilizce (EFL) öğrencilerinin kelime hazinesi gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak için yürütülmüş bir meta-analizdir. Çalışma, İngilizce olarak çift modlu altyazı kullanımının EFL öğrencilerinin kelime hazinelerini edinmedeki potansiyel etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, çift modlu olarak yer alan altyazıların EFL öğrencileri arasında farklı bağlamlarda ve ortamlarda kelime öğrenimi üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin önceki araştırmaların bir araya getirilip incelenmesi ile oluşturulmuştur. Asıl odak, kelime öğrenme ile ilgili bir konu olarak çift modlu altyazı ile ilgili mevcut literatürü sistematik hale getirmek ve bu konudaki farklı çalışmaların bulgularını karşılaştırmaktır. Bu şekilde, EFL öğrencileri için ikinci dil gelişimi açısından çift modlu altyazı kullanımı etkili bir öğretim yöntemi olarak ele alınabilir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, İngilizce seslendirilen materyalin İngilizce altyazılarının kullanımını, öğrencilerin dile çift modlu maruz kalması sayesinde ileri düzeyde bir kelime bilgisi edinmelerini destekleyecek bir yöntem olarak test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Önceki literatürü analiz etmek amacıyla, çalışmanın genel etki büyüklüğünü ölçmek ve İngilizce eğitimcilerini buna göre yönlendirmek için Stata 14 programı kullanılarak bir meta-analiz yapılmıştır. 10 çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, çift modlu altyazının, yetişkin EFL öğrencileri arasında kelime öğrenimine genel olarak olumlu bir etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. A meta-analysis is conducted to investigate the impact of English subtitling on EFL learners' vocabulary improvement. The present study aims at examining the potential effectiveness of bimodal subtitles of English on the acquisition of vocabulary of EFL learners. This study is done by collecting and analyzing previous research investigated on the effect of bimodal subtitles on vocabulary learning among EFL learners in different contexts and settings. The main point is to systemize the existing literature on bimodal subtitle as a topic in relation to vocabulary learning, and to compare the results of different studies in this respect. Thus, second language development could be addressed through using bimodal subtitling as one effective teaching method for EFL learners. Consequently, the study aims to test same-language subtitles of English as a method to prepare students to promote advanced knowledge of vocabulary through language exposure. In an effort to investigate previous literature, a meta-analysis is developed to measure the overall effect size of the study and to guide English educators accordingly. Stata 14 is used for the analysis. The results extracted from the 10 papers found overall positive effect of bimodal subtitling on vocabulary learning among adult EFL learners. 82

Dubai är idag en välutvecklad turistort. Denna stad har kommit att bli en av de största och mest kända på en otroligt kort tid. Nästan alla de turistiska resurserna i staden är konstruerade och väldigt få är naturligt grundade. Detta har medfört många fördelar för stadens turism och utveckling men även en hel del nackdelar. Media har under de senare åren kritiserat den snabbväxande turismen i staden och Dubai är mycket beroende av sin image och dess turism styrs av denna ytliga bild. Faller stadens image, faller i sin tur även turismen. Därför är det viktigt att hålla igång turismen och dess utveckling. Dock är det även mycket nödvändigt att Dubai har en strategisk plan på hur turismen ska utvecklas samt hur den ska uppehållas. Ifall en strategisk plan inte finns, resulterar det till att turismens utveckling i staden blir mycket svag, ohållbar och kan därmed kritiseras, därav det dåliga ryktet. Den kommer så småningom påverka stadens image, publik samt samhällets ekonomi. Faller denna, faller även möjligheten att kunna satsa på utvecklingen av stadens turistiska resurser, vilket därmed innebär att stadens turismutveckling blir nästintill omöjlig. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att ta reda på hur turismutvecklingen har sett ut i Dubai under sin utvecklingsprocess samt om den har en hållbar utveckling. För att syftet ska uppnås har författaren valt att använda sig av både primära och sekundära källor i form av litteraturstudier. Dock har författaren främst fokuserat på att utföra en kvalitativ forskningsintervju med den politiskt- och ekonomiskt ansvarige på Förenade Arabemiratens ambassad i Stockholm. Forskningen avgränsar sig till den hållbara turismen i enbart Dubai och det läggs en stor fokus på hur turismutvecklingen gynnar staden, där det även förekommer en diskussion kring vilken påverkan utvecklingen har haft på samhället samt vilka konsekvenser som den har medfört. Författaren anser att det är mycket svårt att avgöra ifall turismen i nuvarande och framtida Dubai är hållbar eftersom den beror mycket på hur stadens svagheter hanteras. Skulle de åtgärdas på rätt sätt, så tror författaren självfallet starkt på ett hållbart Dubai. Dubai har även valt att lägga ned en stor prioritering på turismutvecklingen eftersom många naturresurser men främst oljan i staden riskerar att ta slut. Detta för att långsiktigt generera stadens resurser samt för att stadens samhälle ska livnära sig på turistnäringen. För att kraven för en hållbar turismutveckling i staden ska uppfyllas krävs det mycket arbete, resurser samt en god tidsplanering. Detta anser författaren att Dubai har lyckats leva upp till och kan därmed dra den slutsatsen att en hållbar turismutveckling i staden inte är långt ifrån möjlig. Dubai is today a well-developed tourist resort. This city has become one of the largest and most famous in an incredibly short time. Almost all the tourist resources in the city are designed and very few are naturally based. This has brought many benefits to the city's tourism and development but also a lot of disadvantages. The media have in recent years criticized the fast-growing tourism in the city of Dubai and its society is very dependent on its image and its tourism is controlled by a superficial image. If the city's image falls, the tourism will also fall in turn. Therefore it is very necessary that Dubai has a strategic plan on how this will evolve and how it should be sustained. If there is no strategic plan, the development of tourism in the city will be very weak, unsustainable and can thus be criticized, hence the bad reputation. It will eventually affect the city's image, audience and community economics. If this falls, the ability to invest in the development of the city's tourist resources will not succeed, which therefore means that the city's tourism development will be impossible. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out how tourism development has been like in Dubai in its development, and if it has a sustainable development. For that purpose to be achieved, the author chose to use both primary and secondary sources in the form of literature. However, the researcher primarily focused on carrying out a qualitative research interview with the political and economic officer in the United Arab Emirates Embassy in Stockholm. Research are limited to the sustainability of tourism in Dubai alone and there is a large focus on how tourism development benefits the city, where there also exists a discussion on which kind of impact development has on the society, and what consequences it has entailed. The author believes that it is very difficult to determine if tourism in the current and future Dubai is sustainable because it depends a lot on how the city handles its weaknesses. If they’re addressed properly, the writer believes, of course, strongly in a sustainable Dubai. As many other natural resources, mainly oil threatened to end, so, Dubai has chosen to abandon a major priority for tourism development. This is to generate long term resources and the city and its society will flourish on the tourism industry. The requirements for sustainable tourism development in the city require some work, resources and good planning. This writer believes that Dubai has managed to live up to these requirements, and can thus be concluded that sustainable tourism development in the city is not far from possible.