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1. Dynamic layer selection in decoder-only transformers

Author

Glavas, Theodore, Chataoui, Joud, Regol, Florence, Jabbour, Wassim, Valkanas, Antonios, Oreshkin, Boris N., and Coates, Mark

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The vast size of Large Language Models (LLMs) has prompted a search to optimize inference. One effective approach is dynamic inference, which adapts the architecture to the sample-at-hand to reduce the overall computational cost. We empirically examine two common dynamic inference methods for natural language generation (NLG): layer skipping and early exiting. We find that a pre-trained decoder-only model is significantly more robust to layer removal via layer skipping, as opposed to early exit. We demonstrate the difficulty of using hidden state information to adapt computation on a per-token basis for layer skipping. Finally, we show that dynamic computation allocation on a per-sequence basis holds promise for significant efficiency gains by constructing an oracle controller. Remarkably, we find that there exists an allocation which achieves equal performance to the full model using only 23.3% of its layers on average.

Published
2024

2. Generative AI Agents in Autonomous Machines: A Safety Perspective

Author

Jabbour, Jason and Reddi, Vijay Janapa

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) into autonomous machines represents a major paradigm shift in how these systems operate and unlocks new solutions to problems once deemed intractable. Although generative AI agents provide unparalleled capabilities, they also have unique safety concerns. These challenges require robust safeguards, especially for autonomous machines that operate in high-stakes environments. This work investigates the evolving safety requirements when generative models are integrated as agents into physical autonomous machines, comparing these to safety considerations in less critical AI applications. We explore the challenges and opportunities to ensure the safe deployment of generative AI-driven autonomous machines. Furthermore, we provide a forward-looking perspective on the future of AI-driven autonomous systems and emphasize the importance of evaluating and communicating safety risks. As an important step towards addressing these concerns, we recommend the development and implementation of comprehensive safety scorecards for the use of generative AI technologies in autonomous machines.

Published
2024
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3. Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Approaches for Chessboard Recognition

Author

Jabbour, Wassim, Benoit-Jeannin, Enzo, Bedford, Oscar, and Shahin, Saif

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Chess involves extensive study and requires players to keep manual records of their matches, a process which is time-consuming and distracting. The lack of high-quality labeled photographs of chess boards, and the tediousness of manual labeling, have hindered the wide application of Deep Learning (DL) to automating this record-keeping process. This paper proposes an end-to-end pipeline that employs domain adaptation (DA) to predict the labels of real, top-view, unlabeled chessboard images using synthetic, labeled images. The pipeline is composed of a pre-processing phase which detects the board, crops the individual squares, and feeds them one at a time to a DL model. The model then predicts the labels of the squares and passes the ordered predictions to a post-processing pipeline which generates the Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) of the position. The three approaches considered are the following: A VGG16 model pre-trained on ImageNet, defined here as the Base-Source model, fine-tuned to predict source domain squares and then used to predict target domain squares without any domain adaptation; an improved version of the Base-Source model which applied CORAL loss to some of the final fully connected layers of the VGG16 to implement DA; and a Domain Adversarial Neural Network (DANN) which used the adversarial training of a domain discriminator to perform the DA. Also, although we opted not to use the labels of the target domain for this study, we trained a baseline with the same architecture as the Base-Source model (Named Base-Target) directly on the target domain in order to get an upper bound on the performance achievable through domain adaptation. The results show that the DANN model only results in a 3% loss in accuracy when compared to the Base-Target model while saving all the effort required to label the data., Comment: 30 pages, 23 figures

Published
2024

4. Optimal continuity bound for the von Neumann entropy under energy constraints

Author

Becker, S., Datta, N., Jabbour, M. G., and Shirokov, M. E.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Information Theory, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Using techniques proposed in [Sason, IEEE Trans. Inf. Th. 59, 7118 (2013)] and [Becker, Datta and Jabbour, IEEE Trans. Inf. Th. 69, 4128 (2023)], and building on results from the latter, we construct a globally optimal continuity bound for the von Neumann entropy under energy constraints imposed by arbitrary Hamiltonians, satisfying the Gibbs hypothesis. In particular, this provides a precise expression for the modulus of continuity of the von Neumann entropy over the set of states with bounded energy for infinite-dimensional quantum systems. Thus, it completely solves the problem of finding an optimal continuity bound for the von Neumann entropy in this setting, which was previously known only for pairs of states which were sufficiently close to each other. This continuity bound follows from a globally optimal semicontinuity bound for the von Neumann entropy under general energy constraints, which is our main technical result., Comment: 11 pages, preliminary version, any comments are welcome

Published
2024

5. Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in anticoagulated patients with acute distal and medium vessel stroke.

Author

Salim, Hamza, Musmar, Basel, Adeeb, Nimer, Yedavalli, Vivek, Lakhani, Dhairya, Grewal, Sahibjot, El Naamani, Kareem, Henninger, Nils, Sundararajan, Sri, Kühn, Anna, Khalife, Jane, Ghozy, Sherief, Scarcia, Luca, Tan, Benjamin, Regenhardt, Robert, Heit, Jeremy, Cancelliere, Nicole, Bernstock, Joshua, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Fiehler, Jens, Sheth, Sunil, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Colasurdo, Marco, Barreau, Xavier, Renieri, Leonardo, Filipe, João, Harker, Pablo, Radu, Răzvan, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Marotta, Thomas, Spears, Julian, Ota, Takahiro, Mowla, Ashkan, Jabbour, Pascal, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Siegler, James, Nguyen, Thanh, Varela, Ricardo, Baker, Amanda, Essibayi, Muhammed, Altschul, David, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Costalat, Vincent, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian, Aziz-Sultan, Mohammad, Hecker, Constantin, Shaikh, Hamza, Liebeskind, David, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Alexandre, Andrea, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias, Kalsoum, Erwah, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, Guenego, Adrien, and Dmytriw, Adam

Subjects
Stroke, anticoagulation, thrombectomy, Humans, Aged, Male, Female, Anticoagulants, Retrospective Studies, Ischemic Stroke, Aged, 80 and over, Thrombectomy, Treatment Outcome, Middle Aged, Stroke
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Stroke remains a major health concern globally, with oral anticoagulants widely prescribed for stroke prevention. The efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in anticoagulated patients with distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVO) are not well understood. METHODS: This retrospective analysis involved 1282 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who underwent MT in 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe from September 2017 to July 2023. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, treatment specifics, and outcomes were collected. The primary outcomes were functional outcomes at 90 days post-MT, measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Secondary outcomes included reperfusion rates, mortality, and hemorrhagic complications. RESULTS: Of the patients, 223 (34%) were on anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulated patients were older (median age 78 vs 74 years; p

Published
2024

6. Beirut Port Blast: Use of Electronic Health Record System During a Mass Casualty Event

Author

Hitti, Eveline, Hadid, Dima, Saliba, Miriam, Sadek, Zouhair, Jabbour, Rima, Antoun, Rula, and El Sayed, Mazen

Subjects
Disaster Response, Emergency Preparedness Plan, Mass Casualty Incidents, Electronic Medical Records, Electronic Health Records, disaster response, Emergency Preparedness Plan, Mass Casualty Incidents, Electronic Medical Records
Abstract

Introduction: Emergency departments (ED) play a central role in defining the effectiveness and quality of the overall hospital’s mass casualty incident (MCI) response. The use of electronic health records (EHR) in hospital settings has been rapidly growing globally. There is, however, a paucity of literature on the use and performance of EHR during MCIs.Methods: In this study we aimed to describe EHR use, as well as the challenges and lessons learnt in response to the 2020 explosion in the Port of Beirut, Lebanon, during which the hospital received over 360 casualties.Results: Information technology support, reducing EHR system restrictions, cross-function training, focus on registration and patient identification, patient flow and tracking, mobility and bedside access, and alternate sites of care are all important areas to focus on during emergency/disaster response planning.Conclusion: Innovative solutions that help address logistical challenges for different aspects of the disaster response are needed.

Published
2024

7. Endovascular therapy versus medical management in isolated posterior cerebral artery acute ischemic stroke: A multinational multicenter propensity score-weighted study.

Author

Salim, Hamza, Pulli, Benjamin, Yedavalli, Vivek, Musmar, Basel, Adeeb, Nimer, Lakhani, Dhairya, Essibayi, Muhammed, El Naamani, Kareem, Henninger, Nils, Sundararajan, Sri, Kühn, Anna, Khalife, Jane, Ghozy, Sherief, Scarcia, Luca, Grewal, Inayat, Tan, Benjamin, Regenhardt, Robert, Heit, Jeremy, Cancelliere, Nicole, Bernstock, Joshua, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Fiehler, Jens, Sheth, Sunil, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Colasurdo, Marco, Barreau, Xavier, Renieri, Leonardo, Filipe, João, Harker, Pablo, Radu, Răzvan, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Marotta, Thomas, Spears, Julian, Ota, Takahiro, Mowla, Ashkan, Jabbour, Pascal, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Siegler, James, Nguyen, Thanh, Varela, Ricardo, Baker, Amanda, Altschul, David, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Costalat, Vincent, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian, Aziz-Sultan, Mohammad, Hecker, Constantin, Shaikh, Hamza, Griessenauer, Christoph, Liebeskind, David, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Alexandre, Andrea, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias, Kalsoum, Erwah, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, Wintermark, Max, Guenego, Adrien, and Dmytriw, Adam

Subjects
Acute ischemic stroke, endovascular therapy, medical management, posterior cerebral artery, propensity score analysis
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite the proven effectiveness of endovascular therapy (EVT) in acute ischemic strokes (AIS) involving anterior circulation large vessel occlusions, isolated posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusions (iPCAo) remain underexplored in clinical trials. This study investigates the comparative effectiveness and safety of EVT against medical management (MM) in patients with iPCAo. METHODS: This multinational, multicenter propensity score-weighted study analyzed data from the Multicenter Analysis of primary Distal medium vessel occlusions: effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy (MAD-MT) registry, involving 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe. We included iPCAo patients treated with either EVT or MM. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days, with secondary outcomes including functional independence, mortality, and safety profiles such as hemorrhagic complications. RESULTS: A total of 177 patients were analyzed (88 MM and 89 EVT). EVT showed a statistically significant improvement in 90-day mRS scores (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.30-1.00, p = 0.048), functional independence (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.02-6.20, p = 0.045), and a reduction in 90-day mortality (OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.03-0.54, p = 0.006) compared to MM. Hemorrhagic complications were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: EVT for iPCAo is associated with better neurological outcomes and lower mortality compared to MM, without an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. Nevertheless, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the studys observational design. The findings are hypothesis-generating and highlight the need for future randomized controlled trials to confirm these observations and establish definitive treatment guidelines for this patient population.

Published
2024

8. Continuity bounds for quantum entropies arising from a fundamental entropic inequality

Author

Audenaert, Koenraad, Bergh, Bjarne, Datta, Nilanjana, Jabbour, Michael G., Capel, Ángela, and Gondolf, Paul

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We establish a tight upper bound for the difference in von Neumann entropies between two quantum states, $\rho_1$ and $\rho_2$. This bound is expressed in terms of the von Neumann entropies of the mutually orthogonal states derived from the Jordan-Hahn decomposition of the difference operator $(\rho_1 - \rho_2)$. This yields a novel entropic inequality that implies the well-known Audenaert-Fannes (AF) inequality. In fact, it also leads to a refinement of the AF inequality. We employ this inequality to obtain a uniform continuity bound for the quantum conditional entropy of two states whose marginals on the conditioning system coincide. We additionally use it to derive a continuity bound for the quantum relative entropy in both variables. Our proofs are largely based on majorization theory and convex optimization. Interestingly, the fundamental entropic inequality is also valid in infinite dimensions., Comment: v2: Extended results in multiple directions. 20 pages, 1 figure

Published
2024

9. DEPICT: Diffusion-Enabled Permutation Importance for Image Classification Tasks

Author

Jabbour, Sarah, Kondas, Gregory, Kazerooni, Ella, Sjoding, Michael, Fouhey, David, and Wiens, Jenna

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

We propose a permutation-based explanation method for image classifiers. Current image-model explanations like activation maps are limited to instance-based explanations in the pixel space, making it difficult to understand global model behavior. In contrast, permutation based explanations for tabular data classifiers measure feature importance by comparing model performance on data before and after permuting a feature. We propose an explanation method for image-based models that permutes interpretable concepts across dataset images. Given a dataset of images labeled with specific concepts like captions, we permute a concept across examples in the text space and then generate images via a text-conditioned diffusion model. Feature importance is then reflected by the change in model performance relative to unpermuted data. When applied to a set of concepts, the method generates a ranking of feature importance. We show this approach recovers underlying model feature importance on synthetic and real-world image classification tasks., Comment: 36 pages, 18 figures, 9 tables, to be published in ECCV 2024

Published
2024

10. Predictive value of follow-up infarct volume on functional outcomes in middle cerebral artery M2 segment vessel occlusion stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy.

Author

Yedavalli, Vivek, Salim, Hamza, Musmar, Basel, Adeeb, Nimer, El Naamani, Kareem, Henninger, Nils, Sundararajan, Sri, Kühn, Anna, Khalife, Jane, Ghozy, Sherief, Scarcia, Luca, Tan, Benjamin, Regenhardt, Robert, Heit, Jeremy, Cancelliere, Nicole, Bernstock, Joshua, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Fiehler, Jens, Sheth, Sunil, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Colasurdo, Marco, Barreau, Xavier, Renieri, Leonardo, Filipe, João, Harker, Pablo, Radu, Răzvan, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Marotta, Thomas, Spears, Julian, Ota, Takahiro, Mowla, Ashkan, Jabbour, Pascal, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Siegler, James, Nguyen, Thanh, Varela, Ricardo, Baker, Amanda, Essibayi, Muhammed, Altschul, David, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Costalat, Vincent, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian, Aziz-Sultan, Mohammad, Hecker, Constantin, Shaikh, Hamza, Liebeskind, David, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Alexandre, Andrea, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias, Kalsoum, Erwah, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, Guenego, Adrien, and Dmytriw, Adam

Subjects
Stroke, follow-up infarct volume, mechanical thrombectomy, medium vessel occlusion
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) strokes, particularly affecting the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery, represent a critical proportion of acute ischemic strokes, posing significant challenges in management and outcome prediction. The efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in MeVO stroke may warrant reliable predictors of functional outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of follow-up infarct volume (FIV) for predicting 90-day functional outcomes in MeVO stroke patients undergoing MT. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Multicenter Analysis of primary Distal medium vessel occlusions: effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy (MAD-MT) registry, covering patients with acute ischemic stroke due to M2 segment occlusion treated with MT. We examined the relationship between 90-day functional outcomes, measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and follow-up infarct volume (FIV), assessed through CT or MRI within 12-36 h post-MT. RESULTS: Among 130 participants, specific FIV thresholds were identified with high specificity and sensitivity for predicting outcomes. A FIV ⩽5 ml was highly specific for predicting favorable and excellent outcomes. The optimal cut-off for both prognostications was identified at ⩽15 ml by the Youden Index, with significant reductions in the likelihood of favorable outcomes observed above a 40 ml threshold. Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) analyses confirmed FIV as a superior predictor of functional outcomes compared to traditional recanalization scores, such as final modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score (mTICI). Multivariable analysis further highlighted the inverse relationship between FIV and positive functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: FIV within 36 h post-MT serves as a potent predictor of 90-day functional outcomes in patients with M2 segment MeVO strokes. Establishing FIV thresholds may aid in the prognostication of stroke outcomes, suggesting a role for FIV in guiding post intervention treatment decisions and informing clinical practice. Future research should focus on validating these findings across diverse patient populations and exploring the integration of FIV measurements with other clinical and imaging markers to enhance outcome prediction accuracy.

Published
2024

11. Towards Responsible Development of Generative AI for Education: An Evaluation-Driven Approach

Author

Jurenka, Irina, Kunesch, Markus, McKee, Kevin R., Gillick, Daniel, Zhu, Shaojian, Wiltberger, Sara, Phal, Shubham Milind, Hermann, Katherine, Kasenberg, Daniel, Bhoopchand, Avishkar, Anand, Ankit, Pîslar, Miruna, Chan, Stephanie, Wang, Lisa, She, Jennifer, Mahmoudieh, Parsa, Rysbek, Aliya, Ko, Wei-Jen, Huber, Andrea, Wiltshire, Brett, Elidan, Gal, Rabin, Roni, Rubinovitz, Jasmin, Pitaru, Amit, McAllister, Mac, Wilkowski, Julia, Choi, David, Engelberg, Roee, Hackmon, Lidan, Levin, Adva, Griffin, Rachel, Sears, Michael, Bar, Filip, Mesar, Mia, Jabbour, Mana, Chaudhry, Arslan, Cohan, James, Thiagarajan, Sridhar, Levine, Nir, Brown, Ben, Gorur, Dilan, Grant, Svetlana, Hashimshoni, Rachel, Weidinger, Laura, Hu, Jieru, Chen, Dawn, Dolecki, Kuba, Akbulut, Canfer, Bileschi, Maxwell, Culp, Laura, Dong, Wen-Xin, Marchal, Nahema, Van Deman, Kelsie, Misra, Hema Bajaj, Duah, Michael, Ambar, Moran, Caciularu, Avi, Lefdal, Sandra, Summerfield, Chris, An, James, Kamienny, Pierre-Alexandre, Mohdi, Abhinit, Strinopoulous, Theofilos, Hale, Annie, Anderson, Wayne, Cobo, Luis C., Efron, Niv, Ananda, Muktha, Mohamed, Shakir, Heymans, Maureen, Ghahramani, Zoubin, Matias, Yossi, Gomes, Ben, and Ibrahim, Lila

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

A major challenge facing the world is the provision of equitable and universal access to quality education. Recent advances in generative AI (gen AI) have created excitement about the potential of new technologies to offer a personal tutor for every learner and a teaching assistant for every teacher. The full extent of this dream, however, has not yet materialised. We argue that this is primarily due to the difficulties with verbalising pedagogical intuitions into gen AI prompts and the lack of good evaluation practices, reinforced by the challenges in defining excellent pedagogy. Here we present our work collaborating with learners and educators to translate high level principles from learning science into a pragmatic set of seven diverse educational benchmarks, spanning quantitative, qualitative, automatic and human evaluations; and to develop a new set of fine-tuning datasets to improve the pedagogical capabilities of Gemini, introducing LearnLM-Tutor. Our evaluations show that LearnLM-Tutor is consistently preferred over a prompt tuned Gemini by educators and learners on a number of pedagogical dimensions. We hope that this work can serve as a first step towards developing a comprehensive educational evaluation framework, and that this can enable rapid progress within the AI and EdTech communities towards maximising the positive impact of gen AI in education.

Published
2024

12. A central limit theorem for partially distinguishable bosons

Author

Robbio, Marco, Jabbour, Michael G., Novo, Leonardo, and Cerf, Nicolas J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

The quantum central limit theorem derived by Cushen and Hudson provides the foundations for understanding how subsystems of large bosonic systems evolving unitarily do reach equilibrium. It finds important applications in the context of quantum interferometry, for example, with photons. A practical feature of current photonic experiments, however, is that photons carry their own internal degrees of freedom pertaining to, e.g., the polarization or spatiotemporal mode they occupy, which makes them partially distinguishable. The ensuing deviation from ideal indistinguishability is well known to have observable consequences, for example in relation with boson bunching, but an understanding of its role in bosonic equilibration phenomena is still missing. Here, we generalize the Cushen-Hudson quantum central limit theorem to encompass scenarios with partial distinguishability, implying an asymptotic convergence of the subsystem's reduced state towards a multimode Gaussian state defined over the internal degrees of freedom. While these asymptotic internal states may not be directly accessible, we show that particle number distributions carry important signatures of distinguishability, which may be used to diagnose experimental imperfections in large boson sampling experiments., Comment: 8+2 pages, 2 figures

Published
2024

13. Longitudinal follow up of a phase 2 trial of venetoclax added to hyper-CVAD, nelarabine and pegylated asparaginase in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma

Author

Ravandi, Farhad, Senapati, Jayastu, Jain, Nitin, Short, Nicholas J., Kadia, Tapan, Borthakur, Gautam, Konopleva, Marina, Wierda, William, Huang, Xuelin, Maiti, Abhishek, Issa, Ghayas, Balkin, Hayley, Garris, Rebecca, Ferrajoli, Alessandra, Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Alvarado, Yesid, Kebriaei, Partow, Jabbour, Elias, and Kantarjian, Hagop M.

Published
2024
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14. Comparative Efficacy of Flow Diverter Devices in the Treatment of Carotid Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms: a Retrospective, Multicenter Study

Author

Dmytriw, Adam A., Salim, Hamza Adel, Musmar, Basel, Cancelliere, Nicole M., Griessenauer, Christoph J., Regenhardt, Robert W., Jones, Jesse, Tutino, Vincent, Hasan, Zuha, Limbucci, Nicola, Lay, Sovann V., Spears, Julian, Rabinov, James D., Harrigan, Mark R., Siddiqui, Adnan H., Levy, Elad I., Stapleton, Christopher J., Renieri, Leonardo, Cognard, Christophe, Shaikh, Hamza, Kühn, Anna Luisa, Möhlenbruch, Markus A., Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I., Jabbour, Pascal, Taussky, Philipp, Settecase, Fabio, Heran, Manraj K. S., Nguyen, Anh, Volders, David, Harker, Pablo, Devia, Diego A., Puri, Ajit S., Psychogios, Marios, Puentes, Juan C., Leone, Giuseppe, Buono, Giuseppe, Tarantino, Margherita, Muto, Mario, Briganti, Francesco, Dalal, Shamsher, Gontu, Vamsi, Alcedo Guardia, Rodolfo E., Vicenty-Padilla, Juan C., Brouwer, Patrick, Schmidt, Matthias H., Schirmer, Clemens, Pickett, Gwynedd E., Andersson, Tommy, Söderman, Michael, Marotta, Thomas R., Cuellar-Saenz, Hugo, Thomas, Ajith J., Patel, Aman B., Mendes Pereira, Vitor, and Adeeb, Nimer

Published
2024
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15. Outcomes with General Anesthesia Compared to Conscious Sedation for Endovascular Treatment of Medium Vessel Occlusions: Results of an International Multicentric Study

Author

Radu, Răzvan Alexandru, Costalat, Vincent, Romoli, Michele, Musmar, Basel, Siegler, James E., Ghozy, Sherief, Khalife, Jane, Salim, Hamza, Shaikh, Hamza, Adeeb, Nimer, Cuellar-Saenz, Hugo H., Thomas, Ajith J., Kadirvel, Ramanathan, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh N., Heit, Jeremy J., Regenhardt, Robert W., Bernstock, Joshua D., Patel, Aman B., Rabinov, James D., Stapleton, Christopher J., Cancelliere, Nicole M., Marotta, Thomas R., Mendes Pereira, Vitor, El Naamani, Kareem, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I., Jabbour, Pascal, Meyer, Lukas, Fiehler, Jens, Faizy, Tobias D., Guerreiro, Helena, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Mounayer, Charbel, Kühn, Anna Luisa, Puri, Ajit S., Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter T., Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard L. L., Tan, Benjamin YQ, Gopinathan, Anil, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Chervak, Lina M., Vagal, Achala, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Alexandre, Andrea M., Filipe, João Pedro, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor R., YMD, Markus A., Jesser, Jessica, Weyland, Charlotte, ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Paul Stracke, Christian, Hecker, Constantin, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph J., Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David S., Tancredi, Illario, Fahed, Robert, Lubicz, Boris, Essibayi, Muhammed Amir, Baker, Amanda, Altschul, David, Scarcia, Luca, Kalsoum, Erwah, Dmytriw, Adam A., and Guenego, Adrien

Published
2024
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18. A phase II trial of ipilimumab, nivolumab, or ipilimumab and nivolumab with or without azacitidine in relapsed or refractory myelodysplastic neoplasms

Author

Bouligny, Ian M., Montalban-Bravo, Guillermo, Sasaki, Koji, Daver, Naval, Jabbour, Elias, Alvarado, Yesid, DiNardo, Courtney D., Ravandi, Farhad, Borthakur, Gautam, Pemmaraju, Naveen, Kadia, Tapan, Masarova, Lucia, Takahashi, Koichi, Andreeff, Michael, Bazinet, Alexandre, Yang, Hui, Kanagal, Rashmi, Pierce, Sherry, Meyer, Meghan, Huang, Xuelin, and Garcia-Manero, Guillermo

Published
2024
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20. Glutaminase inhibition in combination with azacytidine in myelodysplastic syndromes: a phase 1b/2 clinical trial and correlative analyses

Author

DiNardo, Courtney D., Verma, Divij, Baran, Natalia, Bhagat, Tushar D., Skwarska, Anna, Lodi, Alessia, Saxena, Kapil, Cai, Tianyu, Su, Xiaoping, Guerra, Veronica A., Poigaialwar, Gowri, Kuruvilla, Vinitha M., Konoplev, Sergej, Gordon-Mitchell, Shanisha, Pradhan, Kith, Aluri, Srinivas, Hackman, G. Lavender, Chaudhry, Sovira, Collins, Meghan, Sweeney, Shannon R., Busquets, Jonathan, Rathore, Atul Singh, Deng, Qing, Green, Michael R., Grant, Steven, Demo, Susan, Choudhary, Gaurav S., Sahu, Srabani, Agarwal, Beamon, Spodek, Mason, Thiruthuvanathan, Victor, Will, Britta, Steidl, Ulrich, Tippett, George D., Burger, Jan, Borthakur, Gautam, Jabbour, Elias, Pemmaraju, Naveen, Kadia, Tapan, Kornblau, Steven, Daver, Naval G., Naqvi, Kiran, Short, Nicholas J., Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Tiziani, Stefano, Verma, Amit, and Konopleva, Marina

Published
2024
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21. Menin inhibitors in pediatric acute leukemia: a comprehensive review and recommendations to accelerate progress in collaboration with adult leukemia and the international community

Author

Cuglievan, Branko, Kantarjian, Hagop, Rubnitz, Jeffrey E., Cooper, Todd M., Zwaan, C. Michel, Pollard, Jessica A., DiNardo, Courtney D., Kadia, Tapan M., Guest, Erin, Short, Nicholas J., McCall, David, Daver, Naval, Nunez, Cesar, Haddad, Fadi G., Garcia, Miriam, Bhalla, Kapil N., Maiti, Abhishek, Catueno, Samanta, Fiskus, Warren, Carter, Bing Z., Gibson, Amber, Roth, Michael, Khazal, Sajad, Tewari, Priti, Abbas, Hussein A., Bourgeois, Wallace, Andreeff, Michael, Shukla, Neerav N., Truong, Danh D., Connors, Jeremy, Ludwig, Joseph A., Stutterheim, Janine, Salzer, Elisabeth, Juul-Dam, Kristian L., Sasaki, Koji, Mahadeo, Kris M., Tasian, Sarah K., Borthakur, Gautam, Dickson, Samantha, Jain, Nitin, Jabbour, Elias, Meshinchi, Soheil, Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Ravandi, Farhad, Stein, Eytan M., Kolb, E. Anders, and Issa, Ghayas C.

Published
2024
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23. Recent Advances, Applications, and Open Challenges in Machine Learning for Health: Reflections from Research Roundtables at ML4H 2023 Symposium

Author

Jeong, Hyewon, Jabbour, Sarah, Yang, Yuzhe, Thapta, Rahul, Mozannar, Hussein, Han, William Jongwon, Mehandru, Nikita, Wornow, Michael, Lialin, Vladislav, Liu, Xin, Lozano, Alejandro, Zhu, Jiacheng, Kocielnik, Rafal Dariusz, Harrigian, Keith, Zhang, Haoran, Lee, Edward, Vukadinovic, Milos, Balagopalan, Aparna, Jeanselme, Vincent, Matton, Katherine, Demirel, Ilker, Fries, Jason, Rashidi, Parisa, Beaulieu-Jones, Brett, Xu, Xuhai Orson, McDermott, Matthew, Naumann, Tristan, Agrawal, Monica, Zitnik, Marinka, Ustun, Berk, Choi, Edward, Yeom, Kristen, Gursoy, Gamze, Ghassemi, Marzyeh, Pierson, Emma, Chen, George, Kanjilal, Sanjat, Oberst, Michael, Zhang, Linying, Singh, Harvineet, Hartvigsen, Tom, Zhou, Helen, and Okolo, Chinasa T.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The third ML4H symposium was held in person on December 10, 2023, in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The symposium included research roundtable sessions to foster discussions between participants and senior researchers on timely and relevant topics for the \ac{ML4H} community. Encouraged by the successful virtual roundtables in the previous year, we organized eleven in-person roundtables and four virtual roundtables at ML4H 2022. The organization of the research roundtables at the conference involved 17 Senior Chairs and 19 Junior Chairs across 11 tables. Each roundtable session included invited senior chairs (with substantial experience in the field), junior chairs (responsible for facilitating the discussion), and attendees from diverse backgrounds with interest in the session's topic. Herein we detail the organization process and compile takeaways from these roundtable discussions, including recent advances, applications, and open challenges for each topic. We conclude with a summary and lessons learned across all roundtables. This document serves as a comprehensive review paper, summarizing the recent advancements in machine learning for healthcare as contributed by foremost researchers in the field., Comment: ML4H 2023, Research Roundtables

Published
2024

24. Scavenging Hyena: Distilling Transformers into Long Convolution Models

Author

Ralambomihanta, Tokiniaina Raharison, Mohammadzadeh, Shahrad, Islam, Mohammad Sami Nur, Jabbour, Wassim, and Liang, Laurence

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs), epitomized by architectures like GPT-4, has reshaped the landscape of natural language processing. This paper introduces a pioneering approach to address the efficiency concerns associated with LLM pre-training, proposing the use of knowledge distillation for cross-architecture transfer. Leveraging insights from the efficient Hyena mechanism, our method replaces attention heads in transformer models by Hyena, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional pre-training while confronting the challenge of processing long contextual information, inherent in quadratic attention mechanisms. Unlike conventional compression-focused methods, our technique not only enhances inference speed but also surpasses pre-training in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. In the era of evolving LLMs, our work contributes to the pursuit of sustainable AI solutions, striking a balance between computational power and environmental impact., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures

Published
2024

25. Association of leukemic molecular profile with efficacy of inotuzumab ozogamicin in adults with relapsed/refractory ALL.

Author

Zhao, Yaqi, Laird, A, Roberts, Kathryn, Yafawi, Rolla, Kantarjian, Hagop, DeAngelo, Daniel, Stelljes, Matthias, Liedtke, Michaela, Stock, Wendy, Gökbuget, Nicola, OBrien, Susan, Jabbour, Elias, Cassaday, Ryan, Loyd, Melanie, Olsen, Scott, Neale, Geoffrey, Liu, Xueli, Vandendries, Erik, Advani, Anjali, and Mullighan, Charles

Subjects
Humans, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Aged, Recurrence, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Young Adult, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Adolescent
Abstract

The phase 3 INO-VATE trial demonstrated higher rates of remission, measurable residual disease negativity, and improved overall survival for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) vs standard-of-care chemotherapy (SC). Here, we examined associations between genomic alterations and the efficacy of InO. Of 326 randomized patients, 91 (InO, n = 43; SC, n = 48) had samples evaluable for genomic analysis. The spectrum of gene fusions and other genomic alterations observed was comparable with prior studies of adult ALL. Responses to InO were observed in all leukemic subtypes, genomic alterations, and risk groups. Significantly higher rates of complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete count recovery were observed with InO vs SC in patients with BCR::ABL1-like ALL (85.7% [6/7] vs 0% [0/5]; P = .0076), with TP53 alterations (100% [5/5] vs 12.5% [1/8]; P = .0047), and in the high-risk BCR::ABL1- (BCR::ABL1-like, low-hypodiploid, KMT2A-rearranged) group (83.3% [10/12] vs 10.5% [2/19]; P < .0001). This retrospective, exploratory analysis of the INO-VATE trial demonstrated potential for benefit with InO for patients with R/R ALL across leukemic subtypes, including BCR::ABL1-like ALL, and for those bearing diverse genomic alterations. Further confirmation of the efficacy of InO in patients with R/R ALL exhibiting the BCR::ABL1-like subtype or harboring TP53 alterations is warranted. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT01564784.

Published
2024

26. Incidence and clinical outcomes of perforations during mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective, multicenter, and multinational study.

Author

Dmytriw, Adam, Musmar, Basel, Salim, Hamza, Ghozy, Sherief, Siegler, James, Kobeissi, Hassan, Shaikh, Hamza, Khalife, Jane, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh, Heit, Jeremy, Regenhardt, Robert, Cancelliere, Nicole, Bernstock, Joshua, Naamani, Kareem, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Meyer, Lukas, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Saleme, Suzana, Mounayer, Charbel, Fiehler, Jens, Kühn, Anna, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter, Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Marotta, Thomas, Stapleton, Christopher, Rabinov, James, Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard, Tan, Benjamin, Gopinathan, Anil, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Chervak, Lina, Vagal, Achala, Adeeb, Nimer, Cuellar-Saenz, Hugo, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula, Jabbour, Pascal, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Filipe, João, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Jesser, Jessica, Costalat, Vincent, Ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian, Hecker, Constantin, Kadirvel, Ramanathan, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph, Thomas, Ajith, Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David, Alexandru Radu, Răzvan, Alexandre, Andrea, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias, Fahed, Robert, Weyland, Charlotte, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, and Guenego, Adrien

Subjects
AIS, MT, MeVo, Stroke, mechanical thrombectomy, perforation, Humans, Ischemic Stroke, Male, Retrospective Studies, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Incidence, Thrombectomy, Treatment Outcome, Aged, 80 and over
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has revolutionized the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), but its efficacy and safety in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) remain less explored. This multicenter, retrospective study aims to investigate the incidence and clinical outcomes of vessel perforations (confirmed by extravasation during an angiographic series) during MT for AIS caused by MeVO. METHODS: Data were collected from 37 academic centers across North America, Asia, and Europe between September 2017 and July 2021. A total of 1373 AIS patients with MeVO underwent MT. Baseline characteristics, procedural details, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of vessel perforation was 4.8% (66/1373). Notably, our analysis indicates variations in perforation rates across different arterial segments: 8.9% in M3 segments, 4.3% in M2 segments, and 8.3% in A2 segments (p = 0.612). Patients with perforation had significantly worse outcomes, with lower rates of favorable angiographic outcomes (TICI 2c-3: 23% vs 58.9%, p

Published
2024

27. Multicenter evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy for distal medium vessel occlusions with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Scores ≥ 6 and ≤ 6

Author

Kühn, Anna Luisa, Puri, Ajit S., Salim, Hamza Adel, Musmar, Basel, Ghozy, Sherief, Siegler, James, Shaikh, Hamza, Khalife, Jane, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh N., Heit, Jeremy J., Regenhardt, Robert W., Diestro, Jose Danilo Bengzon, Cancelliere, Nicole M., Sweid, Ahmad, Naamani, Kareem El, Hasan, Zuha, Gopinathan, Anil, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Meyer, Lukas, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Saleme, Suzana, Mounayer, Charbel, Fiehler, Jens, Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter T., Singh, Jasmeet, Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Marotta, Thomas R., Stapleton, Christopher J., Rabinov, James D., Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard LL., Tan, Benjamin Y. Q., Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I., Jabbour, Pascal, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Filipe, João Pedro, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor R., Möhlenbruch, Markus A., Jesser, Jessica, Costalat, Vincent, ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Chervak, Lina, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian Paul, Hecker, Constantin, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph J., Thomas, Ajith, Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David S., Radu, Răzvan Alexandru, Alexandre, Andrea M., Fahed, Robert, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias D., Weyland, Charlotte, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman B., Pereira, Vitor Mendes, Guenego, Adrien, and Dmytriw, Adam A.

Published
2024
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