48 results on '"Jaattela, Marja"'
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2. Selective Depletion of Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) Activates a Tumor-Specific Death Program That Is Independent of Caspases and Bypasses Bcl-2
- Author
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Nylandsted, Jesper, Rohde, Mikkel, Brand, Karsten, Bastholm, Lone, Elling, Folmer, and Jaattela, Marja
- Published
- 2000
3. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
- Author
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Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal, Abdelfatah, Sara, Abdellatif, Mahmoud, Abdoli, Asghar, Abel, Steffen, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abildgaard, Marie H., Abudu, Yakubu Princely, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adamopoulos, Iannis E., Adeli, Khosrow, Adolph, Timon E., Adornetto, Annagrazia, Aflaki, Elma, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Anupam, Aggarwal, Bharat B., Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrewala, Javed N., Agrotis, Alexander, Aguilar, Patricia, V, Ahmad, S. Tariq, Ahmed, Zubair M., Ahumada-Castro, Ulises, Aits, Sonja, Aizawa, Shu, Akkoc, Yunus, Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd, Ahmed M., Al-Akra, Lina, Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay A., Alberti, Simon, Alcocer-Gomez, Elisabet, Alessandri, Cristiano, Ali, Muhammad, Al-Bari, M. Abdul Alim, Aliwaini, Saeb, Alizadeh, Javad, Almacellas, Eugenia, Almasan, Alexandru, Alonso, Alicia, Alonso, Guillermo D., Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario C., Alves, Sara, da Costa, Cristine Alves, Alzaharna, Mazen M., Amadio, Marialaura, Amantini, Consuelo, Amaral, Cristina, Ambrosio, Susanna, Amer, Amal O., Ammanathan, Veena, An, Zhenyi, Andersen, Stig U., Andrabi, Shaida A., Andrade-Silva, Magaiver, Andres, Allen M., Angelini, Sabrina, Ann, David, Anozie, Uche C., Ansari, Mohammad Y., Antas, Pedro, Antebi, Adam, Anton, Zurine, Anwar, Tahira, Apetoh, Lionel, Apostolova, Nadezda, Araki, Toshiyuki, Araki, Yasuhiro, Arasaki, Kohei, Araujo, Wagner L., Araya, Jun, Arden, Catherine, Arevalo, Maria-Angeles, Arguelles, Sandro, Arias, Esperanza, Arikkath, Jyothi, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen R., Armstrong-James, Darius, Arnaune-Pelloquin, Laetitia, Aroca, Angeles, Arroyo, Daniela S., Arsov, Ivica, Artero, Ruben, Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia, Aschner, Michael, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Ashur-Fabian, Osnat, Atanasov, Atanas G., Au, Alicia K., Auberger, Patrick, Auner, Holger W., Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Avalos, Yenniffer, Aveic, Sanja, Aveleira, Celia Alexandra, AvinWittenberg, Tamar, Aydin, Yucel, Ayton, Scott, Ayyadevara, Srinivas, Azzopardi, Maria, Baba, Misuzu, Backer, Jonathan M., Backues, Steven K., Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric H., Baek, Ahruem, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baek, Sung Hee, Bagetta, Giacinto, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xiyuan, Bai, Yidong, Bairagi, Nandadulal, Baksi, Shounak, Balbi, Teresa, Baldari, Cosima T., Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Ballester, Maria, Balazadeh, Salma, Balzan, Rena, Bandopadhyay, Rina, Banerjee, Sreeparna, Banerjee, Sulagna, Bao, Yan, Baptista, Mauricio S., Baracca, Alessandra, Barbati, Cristiana, Bargiela, Ariadna, Barila, Daniela, Barlow, Peter G., Barmada, Sami J., Barreiro, Esther, Barreto, George E., Bartek, Jiri, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Barve, Gaurav R., Basagoudanavar, Suresh H., Bassham, Diane C., Jr, Robert C. Bast, Basu, Alakananda, Batoko, Henri, Batten, Isabella, Baulieu, Etienne E., Baumgarner, Bradley L., Bayry, Jagadeesh, Beale, Rupert, Beau, Isabelle, Beaumatin, Florian, Bechara, Luiz R. G., Beck, George R., Jr., Beers, Michael F., Begun, Jakob, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg M. N., Bei, Roberto, Bejarano, Eloy, Bel, Shai, Behl, Christian, Belaid, Amine, Belgareh-Touze, Naima, Bellarosa, Cristina, Belleudi, Francesca, Bello Perez, Melissa, Bello-Morales, Raquel, de Oliveira Beltran, Jackeline Soares, Beltran, Sebastian, Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius, Mykolas, Benitez, Bruno A., Benito-Cuesta, Irene, Bensalem, Julien, Berchtold, Martin W., Berezowska, Sabina, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Bergmann, Andreas, Berliocchi, Laura, Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse, Bernard, Amelie, Berthoux, Lionel, Besirli, Cagri G., Besteiro, Sebastien, Betin, Virginie M., Beyaert, Rudi, Bezbradica, Jelena S., Bhaskar, Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Resham, Bhattacharya, Sujoy, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin, Bhutia, Sujit Kumar, Bi, Lanrong, Bi, Xiaolin, Biden, Trevor J., Bijian, Krikor, Billes, Viktor A., Binart, Nadine, Bincoletto, Claudia, Birgisdottir, Asa B., Bjorkoy, Geir, Blanco, Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia, Ana, Blasiak, Janusz, Blomgran, Robert, Blomgren, Klas, Blum, Janice S., Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta, BoeszeBattaglia, Kathleen, Boeuf, Philippe, Boland, Barry, Bomont, Pascale, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili, Laura, Bonifacino, Juan S., Boone, Brian A., Bootman, Martin D., Bordi, Matteo, Borner, Christoph, Bornhauser, Beat C., Borthakur, Gautam, Bosch, Jurgen, Bose, Santanu, Botana, Luis M., Botas, Juan, Boulanger, Chantal M., Boulton, Michael E., Bourdenx, Mathieu, Bourgeois, Benjamin, Bourke, Nollaig M., Bousquet, Guilhem, Boya, Patricia, Bozhkov, Peter, V, Bozi, Luiz H. M., Bozkurt, Tolga O., Brackney, Doug E., Brandts, Christian H., Braun, Ralf J., Braus, Gerhard H., Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Bravo-San Pedro, Jose M., Brest, Patrick, Bringer, Marie-Agnes, Briones-Herrera, Alfredo, Broaddus, V. Courtney, Brodersen, Peter, Alvarez, Elida M. C., Brodsky, Jeffrey L., Brody, Steven L., Bronson, Paola G., Bronstein, Jeff M., Brown, Carolyn N., Brown, Rhoderick E., Brum, Patricia C., Brumell, John H., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bruno, Daniele, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J., Bucci, Cecilia, Buchrieser, Carmen, Bueno, Marta, Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa, Buraschi, Simone, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, J. Ross, Buckingham, Erin M., Budak, Hikmet, Budini, Mauricio, Bultynck, Geert, Burada, Florin, Burgoyne, Joseph R., Buron, M. Isabel, Bustos, Victor, Buttner, Sabrina, Butturini, Elena, Byrd, Aaron, Cabas, Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra, Cadwell, Ken, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Lu, Cai, Qian, Cairo, Montserrat, Calbet, Jose A., Caldwell, Guy A., Caldwell, Kim A., Call, Jarrod A., Calvani, Riccardo, Calvo, Ana C., Barrera, Miguel Calvo-Rubio, Camara, Niels Os, Camonis, Jacques H., Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Edward M., Campbell-Valois, Francois-Xavier, Campello, Silvia, Campesi, Ilaria, Campos, Juliane C., Camuzard, Olivier, Cancino, Jorge, de Almeida, Danilo Candido, Canesi, Laura, Caniggia, Isabella, Canonico, Barbara, Canti, Carles, Cao, Bin, Caraglia, Michele, Carames, Beatriz, Carchman, Evie H., Cardenal-Munoz, Elena, Cardenas, Cesar, Cardenas, Luis, Cardoso, Sandra M., Carew, Jennifer S., Carle, Georges F., Carleton, Gillian, Carloni, Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia A., Carnevali, Oliana, Carosi, Julian M., Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carrier, Lucie, Carroll, Bernadette, Carter, A. Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves, Casanova, Magali, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassioli, Chiara, Castillo, Eliseo F., Castillo, Karen, Castillo-Lluva, Sonia, Castoldi, Francesca, Castori, Marco, Castro, Ariel F., Castro-Caldas, Margarida, Castro-Hernandez, Javier, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Catz, Sergio D., Cavadas, Claudia, Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella, Cavinato, Maria, Cayuela, Maria L., Rica, Paula Cebollada, Cecarini, Valentina, Cecconi, Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Cenci, Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafre, Victoria, Cerqueira, Joao J., Cerutti, Janete M., Cervia, Davide, Cetintas, Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei S., Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chakrabarti, Oishee, Chakraborty, Tapas, Chakraborty, Trinad, Chami, Mounia, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, David W., Chan, Edmond Y. W., Chan, Edward D., Chan, H. Y. Edwin, Chan, Helen H., Chan, Hung, Chan, Matthew T., V, Chan, Yau Sang, Chandra, Partha K., Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Chunmei, Chang, Hao-Chun, Chang, Kai, Chao, Jie, Chapman, Tracey, Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas, Chatterjee, Samrat, Chaube, Shail K., Chaudhary, Anu, Chauhan, Santosh, Chaum, Edward, Checler, Frederic, Cheetham, Michael E., Chen, ChangShi, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Jian-Fu, Chen, Liam L., Chen, Leilei, Chen, Lin, Chen, Mingliang, Chen, MuKuan, Chen, Ning, Chen, Quan, Chen, Ruey-Hwa, Chen, Shi, Chen, Wei, Chen, Weiqiang, Chen, XinMing, Chen, Xiong-Wen, Chen, Xu, Chen, Yan, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, YuJen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Zhefan Stephen, Chen, Zhi, Chen, Zhi-Hua, Chen, Zhijian J., Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Hanhua, Cheng, Jun, Cheng, Shi-Yuan, Cheng, Wei, Cheng, Xiaodong, Cheng, Xiu-Tang, Cheng, Yiyun, Cheng, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhong, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jit Kong, Chernyak, Boris, V, Cherry, Sara, Cheung, Chi Fai Randy, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Cheung, King-Ho, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Richard J., Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing, Chiaradonna, Ferdinando, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chica, Nathalia, Chiocca, Susanna, Chiong, Mario, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chiramel, Abhilash, I, Chiurchiu, Valerio, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choe, Seong-Kyu, Choi, Augustine M. K., Choi, Mary E., Choudhury, Kamalika Roy, Chow, Norman S., Chu, Charleen T., Chua, Jason P., Chua, John Jia En, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Kin Pan, Chung, Seockhoon, Chung, So-Hyang, Chung, Yuen-Li, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciechomska, Iwona A., Cifuentes, Mariana, Cinque, Laura, Cirak, Sebahattin, Cirone, Mara, Clague, Michael J., Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Coccia, Eliana M., Codogno, Patrice, Cohen, Ehud, Cohen, Mickael M., Colasanti, Tania, Colasuonno, Fiorella, Colbert, Robert A., Colell, Anna, Coll, Nuria S., Collins, Mark O., Colombo, Maria, I, Colon-Ramos, Daniel A., Combaret, Lydie, Comincini, Sergio, Cominetti, Marcia R., Consiglio, Antonella, Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio, Contu, Viorica Raluca, Cookson, Mark R., Coombs, Kevin M., Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corkery, Dale P., Cordes, Nils, Cortese, Katia, Costa, Maria do Carmo, Costantino, Sarah, Costelli, Paola, Coto-Montes, Ana, Crack, Peter J., Crespo, Jose L., Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cristofani, Riccardo, Csizmadia, Tamas, Cuadrado, Antonio, Cui, Bing, Cui, Jun, Cui, Yixian, Cui, Yong, Culetto, Emmanuel, Cumino, Andrea C., Cybulsky, Andrey, V, Czaja, Mark J., Czuczwar, Stanislaw J., D'Adamo, Stefania, D'Amelio, Marcello, D'Arcangelo, Daniela, D'Lugos, Andrew C., D'Orazi, Gabriella, da Silva, James A., Dafsari, Hormos Salimi, Dagda, Ruben K., Dagdas, Yasin, Daglia, Maria, Dai, Xiaoxia, Dai, Yun, Dai, Yuyuan, Dal Col, Jessica, Dalhaimer, Paul, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dallenga, Tobias, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Damme, Markus, Dando, Ilaria, Dantuma, Nico P., Darling, April L., Das, Hiranmoy, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasari, Santosh K., Dash, Srikanta, Daumke, Oliver, Dauphinee, Adrian N., Davies, Jeffrey S., Davila, Valeria A., Davis, Roger J., Davis, Tanja, Naidu, Sharadha Dayalan, De Amicis, Francesca, De Bosscher, Karolien, De Felice, Francesca, De Franceschi, Lucia, De Leonibus, Chiara, de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara G., De Meyer, Guido R. Y., De Milito, Angelo, De Nunzio, Cosimo, De Palma, Clara, De Santi, Mauro, De Virgilio, Claudio, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, DeBosch, Brian J., Decuypere, JeanPaul, Deehan, Mark A., Deflorian, Gianluca, DeGregori, James, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Rio, Gabriel, Delaney, Joe R., Delbridge, Lea M. D., Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Delpino, M. Victoria, Demarchi, Francesca, Dembitz, Vilma, Demers, Nicholas D., Deng, Hongbin, Deng, Zhiqiang, Dengjel, Joern, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, DePamphilis, Melvin L., Der, Channing J., Deretic, Vojo, Descoteaux, Albert, Devis, Laura, Devkota, Sushil, Devuyst, Olivier, Dewson, Grant, Dharmasivam, Mahendiran, Dhiman, Rohan, di Bernardo, Diego, Di Cristina, Manlio, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Fazio, Pietro, Di Fonzo, Alessio, Di Guardo, Giovanni, Di Guglielmo, Gianni M., Di Leo, Luca, Di Malta, Chiara, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Rienzo, Martina, Di Sano, Federica, Diallinas, George, Diao, Jiajie, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Diaz-Laviada, Ines, Dickinson, Jared M., Diederich, Marc, Dieude, Melanie, Dikic, Ivan, Ding, Shiping, Ding, Wen-Xing, Dini, Luciana, Dinic, Miroslav, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T., Dionne, Marc S., Distler, Jorg H. W., Diwan, Abhinav, Dixon, Ian M. C., Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dobrinski, Ina, Dobrovinskaya, Oxana, Dobrowolski, Radek, Dobson, Renwick C. J., Emre, Serap Dokmeci, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, Bo, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zhiwu, Ii, Gerald W. Dorn, Dotsch, Volker, Dou, Huan, Dou, Juan, Dowaidar, Moataz, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Ailian, Du, Caigan, Du, Guangwei, Du, Hai-Ning, Du, Li-Lin, du Toit, Andre, Duan, Shao-Bin, Duan, Xiaoqiong, Duarte, Sonia P., Dubrovska, Anna, Dunlop, Elaine A., Dupont, Nicolas, Duran, Raul, V, Dwarakanath, Bilikere S., Dyshlovoy, Sergey A., Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles L., Efferth, Thomas, Eftekharpour, Eftekhar, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eid, Nabil, Eisenberg, Tobias, Eissa, N. Tony, Eissa, Sanaa, Ejarque, Miriam, El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar, El-Hage, Nazira, El-Naggar, Shahenda, Eleuteri, Anna Maria, El-Shafey, Eman S., Elgendy, Mohamed, Eliopoulos, Aristides G., Elizalde, Maria M., Elks, Philip M., Elsasser, Hans-Peter, Elsherbiny, Eslam S., Emerling, Brooke M., Emre, N. C. Tolga, Eng, Christina H., Engedal, Nikolai, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelsen, Agnete S. T., Enserink, Jorrit M., Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Facchiano, Francesco, Fadeel, Bengt, Fader, Claudio, Faesen, Alex C., Fairlie, W. Douglas, Falco, Alberto, Falkenburger, Bjorn H., Fan, Daping, Fan, Jie, Fan, Yanbo, Fang, Evandro F., Fang, Yanshan, Fang, Yognqi, Fanto, Manolis, Farfel-Becker, Tamar, Faure, Mathias, Fazeli, Gholamreza, Fedele, Anthony O., Feldman, Arthur M., Feng, Du, Feng, Jiachun, Feng, Lifeng, Feng, Yibin, Feng, Yuchen, Feng, Wei, Araujo, Thais Fenz, Ferguson, Thomas A., Fernandez-Checa, Jose C., FernandezVeledo, Sonia, Fernie, Alisdair R., Ferrante, Anthony W., Jr., Ferraresi, Alessandra, Ferrari, Merari F., Ferreira, Julio C. B., Ferro-Novick, Susan, Figueras, Antonio, Filadi, Riccardo, Filigheddu, Nicoletta, FilippiChiela, Eduardo, Filomeni, Giuseppe, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fineschi, Vittorio, Finetti, Francesca, Finkbeiner, Steven, Fisher, Edward A., Fisher, Paul B., Flamigni, Flavio, Fliesler, Steven J., Flo, Trude H., Florance, Ida, Florey, Oliver, Florio, Tullio, Fodor, Erika, Follo, Carlo, Fon, Edward A., Forlino, Antonella, Fornai, Francesco, Fortini, Paola, Fracassi, Anna, Fraldi, Alessandro, Franco, Brunella, Franco, Rodrigo, Franconi, Flavia, Frankel, Lisa B., Friedman, Scott L., Frohlich, Leopold F., Fruhbeck, Gema, Fuentes, Jose M., Fujiki, Yukio, Fujita, Naonobu, Fujiwara, Yuuki, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Fulda, Simone, Furic, Luc, Furuya, Norihiko, Fusco, Carmela, Gack, Michaela U., Gaffke, Lidia, Galadari, Sehamuddin, Galasso, Alessia, Galindo, Maria F., Kankanamalage, Sachith Gallolu, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galy, Vincent, Gammoh, Noor, Gan, Boyi, Ganley, Ian G., Gao, Feng, Gao, Hui, Gao, Minghui, Gao, Ping, Gao, Shou-Jiang, Gao, Wentao, Gao, Xiaobo, Garcera, Ana, Garcia, Maria Noe, Garcia, Veronica E., Garcia-Del Portillo, Francisco, Garcia-Escudero, Vega, GarciaGarcia, Aracely, Garcia-Macia, Marina, Garcia-Moreno, Diana, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, Garcia-Sanz, Patricia, Garg, Abhishek D., Gargini, Ricardo, Garofalo, Tina, Garry, Robert F., Gassen, Nils C., Gatica, Damian, Ge, Liang, Ge, Wanzhong, Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth, Gelfi, Cecilia, Genschik, Pascal, Gentle, Ian E., Gerbino, Valeria, Gerhardt, Christoph, Germain, Kyla, Germain, Marc, Gewirtz, David A., Afshar, Elham Ghasemipour, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghigo, Alessandra, Ghosh, Manosij, Giamas, Georgios, Giampietri, Claudia, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, Gibson, Gary E., Gibson, Spencer B., Ginet, Vanessa, Giniger, Edward, Giorgi, Carlotta, Girao, Henrique, Girardin, Stephen E., Giridharan, Mridhula, Giuliano, Sandy, Giulivi, Cecilia, Giuriato, Sylvie, Giustiniani, Julien, Gluschko, Alexander, Goder, Veit, Goginashvili, Alexander, Golab, Jakub, Goldstone, David C., Golebiewska, Anna, Gomes, Luciana R., Gomez, Rodrigo, Gomez-Sanchez, Ruben, Gomez-Puerto, Maria Catalina, Gomez-Sintes, Raquel, Gong, Qingqiu, Goni, Felix M., Gonzalez-Gallego, Javier, Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tomas, Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa A., Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose A., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Patricia, Goping, Ing Swie, Gorbatyuk, Marina S., Gorbunov, Nikolai, V, Gorojod, Roxana M., Gorski, Sharon M., Goruppi, Sandro, Gotor, Cecilia, Gottlieb, Roberta A., Gozes, Illana, Gozuacik, Devrim, Graef, Martin, Graler, Markus H., Granatiero, Veronica, Grasso, Daniel, Gray, Joshua P., Green, Douglas R., Greenhough, Alexander, Gregory, Stephen L., Griffin, Edward F., Grinstaff, Mark W., Gros, Frederic, Grose, Charles, Gross, Angelina S., Gruber, Florian, Grumati, Paolo, Grune, Tilman, Gu, Xueyan, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guardia, Carlos M., Guda, Kishore, Guerra, Flora, Guerri, Consuelo, Guha, Prasun, Guillen, Carlos, Gujar, Shashi, Gukovskaya, Anna, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Gunther, Andreas, Guntur, Anyonya R., Guo, Chuanyong, Guo, Chun, Guo, Hongqing, Guo, Lian-Wang, Guo, Ming, Gupta, Pawan, Fernandez, Alvaro F., Gupta, Shashi Kumar, Gupta, Swapnil, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek, Gustafsson, Asa B., Gutterman, David D., Ranjitha, H. B., Haapasalo, Annakaisa, Haber, James E., Hadano, Shinji, Hafren, Anders J., Haidar, Mansour, Hall, Belinda S., Hallden, Gunnel, Hamacher-Brady, Anne, Hamann, Andrea, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Weidong, Hansen, Malene, Hanson, Phyllis, I, Hao, Zijian, Harada, Masaru, Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica, Hariharan, Nirmala, Haroon, Nigil, Harris, James, Hasegawa, Takafumi, Nagoor, Noor Hasima, Haspel, Jeffrey A., Haucke, Volker, Hawkins, Wayne D., Hay, Bruce A., Haynes, Cole M., Hayrabedyan, Soren B., Hays, Thomas S., He, Congcong, He, Qin, He, RongRong, He, You-Wen, He, Yu-Ying, Heakal, Yasser, Heberle, Alexander M., Hejtmancik, J. Fielding, Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir, Henkel, Vanessa, Herb, Marc, Hergovich, Alexander, Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna, Hernandez, Agustin, Hernandez, Carlos, Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio, Hernandez-Gea, Virginia, Herpin, Amaury, Herreros, Judit, Hervas, Javier H., Hesselson, Daniel, Hetz, Claudio, Heussler, Volker T., Higuchi, Yujiro, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A., Hlavacek, William S., Ho, Emmanuel A., Ho, Idy H. T., Ho, Philip Wing-Lok, Ho, ShuLeong, Ho, Wan Yun, Hobbs, G. Aaron, Hochstrasser, Mark, Hoet, Peter H. M., Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Hohn, Annika, Holmberg, Carina, I, Hombrebueno, Jose R., Hong, Chang-Won, Hong, Yi-Ren, Hooper, Lora, V, Hoppe, Thorsten, Horos, Rastislav, Hoshida, Yujin, Hsin, I-Lun, Hsu, Hsin-Yun, Hu, Bing, Hu, Dong, Hu, Li-Fang, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Ronggui, Hu, Wei, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Jinlian, Hua, Yingqi, Huan, Chongmin, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Chuanshu, Huang, Chuanxin, Huang, Chunling, Huang, Haishan, Huang, Kun, Huang, Michael L. H., Huang, Rui, Huang, Shan, Huang, Tianzhi, Huang, Xing, Huang, Yuxiang Jack, Huber, Tobias B., Hubert, Virginie, Hubner, Christian A., Hughes, Stephanie M., Hughes, William E., Humbert, Magali, Hummer, Gerhard, Hurley, James H., Hussain, Sabah, Hussain, Salik, Hussey, Patrick J., Hutabarat, Martina, Hwang, Hui-Yun, Hwang, Seungmin, Ieni, Antonio, Ikeda, Fumiyo, Imagawa, Yusuke, Imai, Yuzuru, Imbriano, Carol, Imoto, Masaya, Inman, Denise M., Inoki, Ken, Iovanna, Juan, Iozzo, Renato, V, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Irazoqui, Javier E., Iribarren, Pablo, Ishaq, Mohd, Ishikawa, Makoto, Ishimwe, Nestor, Isidoro, Ciro, Ismail, Nahed, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, Itakura, Eisuke, Ito, Daisuke, Ivankovic, Davor, Ivanova, Saska, Iyer, Anand Krishnan, V, Izquierdo, Jose M., Izumi, Masanori, Jaattela, Marja, Jabir, Majid Sakhi, Jackson, William T., Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia, Jacomin, Anne-Claire, Jacquin, Elise, Jadiya, Pooja, Jaeschke, Hartmut, Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jakobi, Arjen J., Jakobsson, Johan, Janji, Bassam, JansenDurr, Pidder, Jansson, Patric J., Jantsch, Jonathan, Januszewski, Slawomir, Jassey, Alagie, Jean, Steve, JeltschDavid, Helene, Jendelova, Pavla, Jenny, Andreas, Jensen, Thomas E., Jessen, Niels, Jewell, Jenna L., Ji, Jing, Jia, Lijun, Jia, Rui, Jiang, Liwen, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Richeng, Jiang, Teng, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Yu, Jimenez-Sanchez, Maria, Jin, Eun-Jung, Jin, Fengyan, Jin, Hongchuan, Jin, Li, Jin, Luqi, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Si, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, Joffre, Carine, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Gail V. W., Johnston, Simon A., Jokitalo, Eija, Jolly, Mohit Kumar, Joosten, Leo A. B., Jordan, Joaquin, Joseph, Bertrand, Ju, Dianwen, Ju, Jeong-Sun, Ju, Jingfang, Juarez, Esmeralda, Judith, Delphine, Juhasz, Gabor, Jun, Youngsoo, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, SungChul, Jung, Yong Keun, Jungbluth, Heinz, Jungverdorben, Johannes, Just, Steffen, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kaganovich, Daniel, Kahana, Alon, Kain, Renate, Kajimura, Shinjo, Kalamvoki, Maria, Kalia, Manjula, Kalinowski, Danuta S., Kaludercic, Nina, Kalvari, Ioanna, Kaminska, Joanna, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kanasaki, Keizo, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Rui, Kang, Sang Sun, Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., Kanthasamy, Arthi, Kantorow, Marc, Kapuy, Orsolya, Karamouzis, Michalis, V, Karim, Md Razaul, Karmakar, Parimal, Katare, Rajesh G., Kato, Masaru, Kaufmann, Stefan H. E., Kauppinen, Anu, Kaushal, Gur P., Kaushik, Susmita, Kawasaki, Kiyoshi, Kazan, Kemal, Ke, Po-Yuan, Keating, Damien J., Keber, Ursula, Kehrl, John H., Keller, Kate E., Keller, Christian W., Kemper, Jongsook Kim, Kenific, Candia M., Kepp, Oliver, Kermorgant, Stephanie, Kern, Andreas, Ketteler, Robin, Keulers, Tom G., Khalfin, Boris, Khalil, Hany, Khambu, Bilon, Khan, Shahid Y., Khandelwal, Vinoth Kumar Megraj, Khandia, Rekha, Kho, Widuri, Khobrekar, Noopur, V, Khuansuwan, Sataree, Khundadze, Mukhran, Killackey, Samuel A., Kim, Dasol, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Eun, Kim, Eun Young, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, HakRim, Kim, Hee-Sik, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Kyung, Kim, Jin-Hoi, Kim, Joungmok, Kim, Ju Hwan, Kim, Keun Il, Kim, Peter K., Kim, Seong-Jun, Kimball, Scot R., Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C., Kimura, Tomonori, King, Matthew A., Kinghorn, Kerri J., Kinsey, Conan G., Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., Kiselev, Sergey L., Kishi, Shuji, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitaoka, Yasushi, Kitazato, Kaio, Kitsis, Richard N., Kittler, Josef T., Kjaerulff, Ole, Klein, Peter S., Klopstock, Thomas, Klucken, Jochen, Knovelsrud, Helene, Knorr, Roland L., Ko, Ben C. 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Ruth, Montico, Barbara, Mony, Vinod K., Compagnoni, Giacomo Monzio, Moore, Michael N., Moosavi, Mohammad A., Mora, Ana L., Mora, Marina, Morales-Alamo, David, Moratalla, Rosario, Moreira, Paula, I, Morelli, Elena, Moreno, Sandra, Moreno-Blas, Daniel, Moresi, Viviana, Morga, Benjamin, Morgan, Alwena H., Morin, Fabrice, Morishita, Hideaki, Moritz, Orson L., Moriyama, Mariko, Moriyasu, Yuji, Morleo, Manuela, Morselli, Eugenia, Moruno-Manchon, Jose F., Moscat, Jorge, Mostowy, Serge, Motori, Elisa, Moura, Andrea Felinto, Moustaid-Moussa, Naima, Mrakovcic, Maria, MucinoHernandez, Gabriel, Mukherjee, Anupam, Mukhopadhyay, Subhadip, Levy, Jean M. Mulcahy, Mulero, Victoriano, Muller, Sylviane, Munch, Christian, Munjal, Ashok, Munoz-Canoves, Pura, Munoz-Galdeano, Teresa, Munz, Christian, Murakawa, Tomokazu, Muratori, Claudia, Murphy, Brona M., Murphy, J. Patrick, Murthy, Aditya, Myohanen, Timo T., Mysorekar, Indira U., Mytych, Jennifer, Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad, Nabissi, Massimo, Nagy, Peter, Nah, Jihoon, Nahimana, Aimable, Nakagawa, Ichiro, Nakamura, Ken, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nandi, Shyam S., Nanjundan, Meera, Nanni, Monica, Napolitano, Gennaro, Nardacci, Roberta, Narita, Masashi, Nassif, Melissa, Nathan, Ilana, Natsumeda, Manabu, Naude, Ryno J., Naumann, Christin, Naveiras, Olaia, Navid, Fatemeh, Nawrocki, Steffan T., Nazarko, Taras Y., Nazio, Francesca, Negoita, Florentina, Neill, Thomas, Neisch, Amanda L., Neri, Luca M., Netea, Mihai G., Neubert, Patrick, Neufeld, Thomas P., Neumann, Dietbert, Neutzner, Albert, Newton, Phillip T., Ney, Paul A., Nezis, Ioannis P., Ng, Charlene C. W., Ng, Tzi Bun, Nguyen, Hang T. T., Nguyen, Long T., Ni, Hong-Min, Cheallaigh, Cliona Ni, Ni, Zhenhong, Nicolao, M. 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Tariq, Ahmed, Zubair M., Ahumada-Castro, Ulises, Aits, Sonja, Aizawa, Shu, Akkoc, Yunus, Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd, Ahmed M., Al-Akra, Lina, Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay A., Alberti, Simon, Alcocer-Gomez, Elisabet, Alessandri, Cristiano, Ali, Muhammad, Al-Bari, M. 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Bast, Basu, Alakananda, Batoko, Henri, Batten, Isabella, Baulieu, Etienne E., Baumgarner, Bradley L., Bayry, Jagadeesh, Beale, Rupert, Beau, Isabelle, Beaumatin, Florian, Bechara, Luiz R. G., Beck, George R., Jr., Beers, Michael F., Begun, Jakob, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg M. N., Bei, Roberto, Bejarano, Eloy, Bel, Shai, Behl, Christian, Belaid, Amine, Belgareh-Touze, Naima, Bellarosa, Cristina, Belleudi, Francesca, Bello Perez, Melissa, Bello-Morales, Raquel, de Oliveira Beltran, Jackeline Soares, Beltran, Sebastian, Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius, Mykolas, Benitez, Bruno A., Benito-Cuesta, Irene, Bensalem, Julien, Berchtold, Martin W., Berezowska, Sabina, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Bergmann, Andreas, Berliocchi, Laura, Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse, Bernard, Amelie, Berthoux, Lionel, Besirli, Cagri G., Besteiro, Sebastien, Betin, Virginie M., Beyaert, Rudi, Bezbradica, Jelena S., Bhaskar, Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Resham, Bhattacharya, Sujoy, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin, Bhutia, Sujit Kumar, Bi, Lanrong, Bi, Xiaolin, Biden, Trevor J., Bijian, Krikor, Billes, Viktor A., Binart, Nadine, Bincoletto, Claudia, Birgisdottir, Asa B., Bjorkoy, Geir, Blanco, Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia, Ana, Blasiak, Janusz, Blomgran, Robert, Blomgren, Klas, Blum, Janice S., Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta, BoeszeBattaglia, Kathleen, Boeuf, Philippe, Boland, Barry, Bomont, Pascale, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili, Laura, Bonifacino, Juan S., Boone, Brian A., Bootman, Martin D., Bordi, Matteo, Borner, Christoph, Bornhauser, Beat C., Borthakur, Gautam, Bosch, Jurgen, Bose, Santanu, Botana, Luis M., Botas, Juan, Boulanger, Chantal M., Boulton, Michael E., Bourdenx, Mathieu, Bourgeois, Benjamin, Bourke, Nollaig M., Bousquet, Guilhem, Boya, Patricia, Bozhkov, Peter, V, Bozi, Luiz H. M., Bozkurt, Tolga O., Brackney, Doug E., Brandts, Christian H., Braun, Ralf J., Braus, Gerhard H., Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Bravo-San Pedro, Jose M., Brest, Patrick, Bringer, Marie-Agnes, Briones-Herrera, Alfredo, Broaddus, V. Courtney, Brodersen, Peter, Alvarez, Elida M. C., Brodsky, Jeffrey L., Brody, Steven L., Bronson, Paola G., Bronstein, Jeff M., Brown, Carolyn N., Brown, Rhoderick E., Brum, Patricia C., Brumell, John H., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bruno, Daniele, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J., Bucci, Cecilia, Buchrieser, Carmen, Bueno, Marta, Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa, Buraschi, Simone, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, J. Ross, Buckingham, Erin M., Budak, Hikmet, Budini, Mauricio, Bultynck, Geert, Burada, Florin, Burgoyne, Joseph R., Buron, M. Isabel, Bustos, Victor, Buttner, Sabrina, Butturini, Elena, Byrd, Aaron, Cabas, Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra, Cadwell, Ken, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Lu, Cai, Qian, Cairo, Montserrat, Calbet, Jose A., Caldwell, Guy A., Caldwell, Kim A., Call, Jarrod A., Calvani, Riccardo, Calvo, Ana C., Barrera, Miguel Calvo-Rubio, Camara, Niels Os, Camonis, Jacques H., Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Edward M., Campbell-Valois, Francois-Xavier, Campello, Silvia, Campesi, Ilaria, Campos, Juliane C., Camuzard, Olivier, Cancino, Jorge, de Almeida, Danilo Candido, Canesi, Laura, Caniggia, Isabella, Canonico, Barbara, Canti, Carles, Cao, Bin, Caraglia, Michele, Carames, Beatriz, Carchman, Evie H., Cardenal-Munoz, Elena, Cardenas, Cesar, Cardenas, Luis, Cardoso, Sandra M., Carew, Jennifer S., Carle, Georges F., Carleton, Gillian, Carloni, Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia A., Carnevali, Oliana, Carosi, Julian M., Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carrier, Lucie, Carroll, Bernadette, Carter, A. Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves, Casanova, Magali, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassioli, Chiara, Castillo, Eliseo F., Castillo, Karen, Castillo-Lluva, Sonia, Castoldi, Francesca, Castori, Marco, Castro, Ariel F., Castro-Caldas, Margarida, Castro-Hernandez, Javier, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Catz, Sergio D., Cavadas, Claudia, Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella, Cavinato, Maria, Cayuela, Maria L., Rica, Paula Cebollada, Cecarini, Valentina, Cecconi, Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Cenci, Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafre, Victoria, Cerqueira, Joao J., Cerutti, Janete M., Cervia, Davide, Cetintas, Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei S., Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chakrabarti, Oishee, Chakraborty, Tapas, Chakraborty, Trinad, Chami, Mounia, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, David W., Chan, Edmond Y. W., Chan, Edward D., Chan, H. Y. Edwin, Chan, Helen H., Chan, Hung, Chan, Matthew T., V, Chan, Yau Sang, Chandra, Partha K., Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Chunmei, Chang, Hao-Chun, Chang, Kai, Chao, Jie, Chapman, Tracey, Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas, Chatterjee, Samrat, Chaube, Shail K., Chaudhary, Anu, Chauhan, Santosh, Chaum, Edward, Checler, Frederic, Cheetham, Michael E., Chen, ChangShi, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Jian-Fu, Chen, Liam L., Chen, Leilei, Chen, Lin, Chen, Mingliang, Chen, MuKuan, Chen, Ning, Chen, Quan, Chen, Ruey-Hwa, Chen, Shi, Chen, Wei, Chen, Weiqiang, Chen, XinMing, Chen, Xiong-Wen, Chen, Xu, Chen, Yan, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, YuJen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Zhefan Stephen, Chen, Zhi, Chen, Zhi-Hua, Chen, Zhijian J., Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Hanhua, Cheng, Jun, Cheng, Shi-Yuan, Cheng, Wei, Cheng, Xiaodong, Cheng, Xiu-Tang, Cheng, Yiyun, Cheng, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhong, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jit Kong, Chernyak, Boris, V, Cherry, Sara, Cheung, Chi Fai Randy, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Cheung, King-Ho, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Richard J., Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing, Chiaradonna, Ferdinando, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chica, Nathalia, Chiocca, Susanna, Chiong, Mario, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chiramel, Abhilash, I, Chiurchiu, Valerio, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choe, Seong-Kyu, Choi, Augustine M. K., Choi, Mary E., Choudhury, Kamalika Roy, Chow, Norman S., Chu, Charleen T., Chua, Jason P., Chua, John Jia En, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Kin Pan, Chung, Seockhoon, Chung, So-Hyang, Chung, Yuen-Li, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciechomska, Iwona A., Cifuentes, Mariana, Cinque, Laura, Cirak, Sebahattin, Cirone, Mara, Clague, Michael J., Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Coccia, Eliana M., Codogno, Patrice, Cohen, Ehud, Cohen, Mickael M., Colasanti, Tania, Colasuonno, Fiorella, Colbert, Robert A., Colell, Anna, Coll, Nuria S., Collins, Mark O., Colombo, Maria, I, Colon-Ramos, Daniel A., Combaret, Lydie, Comincini, Sergio, Cominetti, Marcia R., Consiglio, Antonella, Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio, Contu, Viorica Raluca, Cookson, Mark R., Coombs, Kevin M., Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corkery, Dale P., Cordes, Nils, Cortese, Katia, Costa, Maria do Carmo, Costantino, Sarah, Costelli, Paola, Coto-Montes, Ana, Crack, Peter J., Crespo, Jose L., Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cristofani, Riccardo, Csizmadia, Tamas, Cuadrado, Antonio, Cui, Bing, Cui, Jun, Cui, Yixian, Cui, Yong, Culetto, Emmanuel, Cumino, Andrea C., Cybulsky, Andrey, V, Czaja, Mark J., Czuczwar, Stanislaw J., D'Adamo, Stefania, D'Amelio, Marcello, D'Arcangelo, Daniela, D'Lugos, Andrew C., D'Orazi, Gabriella, da Silva, James A., Dafsari, Hormos Salimi, Dagda, Ruben K., Dagdas, Yasin, Daglia, Maria, Dai, Xiaoxia, Dai, Yun, Dai, Yuyuan, Dal Col, Jessica, Dalhaimer, Paul, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dallenga, Tobias, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Damme, Markus, Dando, Ilaria, Dantuma, Nico P., Darling, April L., Das, Hiranmoy, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasari, Santosh K., Dash, Srikanta, Daumke, Oliver, Dauphinee, Adrian N., Davies, Jeffrey S., Davila, Valeria A., Davis, Roger J., Davis, Tanja, Naidu, Sharadha Dayalan, De Amicis, Francesca, De Bosscher, Karolien, De Felice, Francesca, De Franceschi, Lucia, De Leonibus, Chiara, de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara G., De Meyer, Guido R. Y., De Milito, Angelo, De Nunzio, Cosimo, De Palma, Clara, De Santi, Mauro, De Virgilio, Claudio, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, DeBosch, Brian J., Decuypere, JeanPaul, Deehan, Mark A., Deflorian, Gianluca, DeGregori, James, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Rio, Gabriel, Delaney, Joe R., Delbridge, Lea M. D., Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Delpino, M. Victoria, Demarchi, Francesca, Dembitz, Vilma, Demers, Nicholas D., Deng, Hongbin, Deng, Zhiqiang, Dengjel, Joern, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, DePamphilis, Melvin L., Der, Channing J., Deretic, Vojo, Descoteaux, Albert, Devis, Laura, Devkota, Sushil, Devuyst, Olivier, Dewson, Grant, Dharmasivam, Mahendiran, Dhiman, Rohan, di Bernardo, Diego, Di Cristina, Manlio, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Fazio, Pietro, Di Fonzo, Alessio, Di Guardo, Giovanni, Di Guglielmo, Gianni M., Di Leo, Luca, Di Malta, Chiara, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Rienzo, Martina, Di Sano, Federica, Diallinas, George, Diao, Jiajie, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Diaz-Laviada, Ines, Dickinson, Jared M., Diederich, Marc, Dieude, Melanie, Dikic, Ivan, Ding, Shiping, Ding, Wen-Xing, Dini, Luciana, Dinic, Miroslav, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T., Dionne, Marc S., Distler, Jorg H. W., Diwan, Abhinav, Dixon, Ian M. C., Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dobrinski, Ina, Dobrovinskaya, Oxana, Dobrowolski, Radek, Dobson, Renwick C. J., Emre, Serap Dokmeci, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, Bo, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zhiwu, Ii, Gerald W. Dorn, Dotsch, Volker, Dou, Huan, Dou, Juan, Dowaidar, Moataz, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Ailian, Du, Caigan, Du, Guangwei, Du, Hai-Ning, Du, Li-Lin, du Toit, Andre, Duan, Shao-Bin, Duan, Xiaoqiong, Duarte, Sonia P., Dubrovska, Anna, Dunlop, Elaine A., Dupont, Nicolas, Duran, Raul, V, Dwarakanath, Bilikere S., Dyshlovoy, Sergey A., Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles L., Efferth, Thomas, Eftekharpour, Eftekhar, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eid, Nabil, Eisenberg, Tobias, Eissa, N. Tony, Eissa, Sanaa, Ejarque, Miriam, El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar, El-Hage, Nazira, El-Naggar, Shahenda, Eleuteri, Anna Maria, El-Shafey, Eman S., Elgendy, Mohamed, Eliopoulos, Aristides G., Elizalde, Maria M., Elks, Philip M., Elsasser, Hans-Peter, Elsherbiny, Eslam S., Emerling, Brooke M., Emre, N. C. Tolga, Eng, Christina H., Engedal, Nikolai, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelsen, Agnete S. T., Enserink, Jorrit M., Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Facchiano, Francesco, Fadeel, Bengt, Fader, Claudio, Faesen, Alex C., Fairlie, W. Douglas, Falco, Alberto, Falkenburger, Bjorn H., Fan, Daping, Fan, Jie, Fan, Yanbo, Fang, Evandro F., Fang, Yanshan, Fang, Yognqi, Fanto, Manolis, Farfel-Becker, Tamar, Faure, Mathias, Fazeli, Gholamreza, Fedele, Anthony O., Feldman, Arthur M., Feng, Du, Feng, Jiachun, Feng, Lifeng, Feng, Yibin, Feng, Yuchen, Feng, Wei, Araujo, Thais Fenz, Ferguson, Thomas A., Fernandez-Checa, Jose C., FernandezVeledo, Sonia, Fernie, Alisdair R., Ferrante, Anthony W., Jr., Ferraresi, Alessandra, Ferrari, Merari F., Ferreira, Julio C. B., Ferro-Novick, Susan, Figueras, Antonio, Filadi, Riccardo, Filigheddu, Nicoletta, FilippiChiela, Eduardo, Filomeni, Giuseppe, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fineschi, Vittorio, Finetti, Francesca, Finkbeiner, Steven, Fisher, Edward A., Fisher, Paul B., Flamigni, Flavio, Fliesler, Steven J., Flo, Trude H., Florance, Ida, Florey, Oliver, Florio, Tullio, Fodor, Erika, Follo, Carlo, Fon, Edward A., Forlino, Antonella, Fornai, Francesco, Fortini, Paola, Fracassi, Anna, Fraldi, Alessandro, Franco, Brunella, Franco, Rodrigo, Franconi, Flavia, Frankel, Lisa B., Friedman, Scott L., Frohlich, Leopold F., Fruhbeck, Gema, Fuentes, Jose M., Fujiki, Yukio, Fujita, Naonobu, Fujiwara, Yuuki, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Fulda, Simone, Furic, Luc, Furuya, Norihiko, Fusco, Carmela, Gack, Michaela U., Gaffke, Lidia, Galadari, Sehamuddin, Galasso, Alessia, Galindo, Maria F., Kankanamalage, Sachith Gallolu, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galy, Vincent, Gammoh, Noor, Gan, Boyi, Ganley, Ian G., Gao, Feng, Gao, Hui, Gao, Minghui, Gao, Ping, Gao, Shou-Jiang, Gao, Wentao, Gao, Xiaobo, Garcera, Ana, Garcia, Maria Noe, Garcia, Veronica E., Garcia-Del Portillo, Francisco, Garcia-Escudero, Vega, GarciaGarcia, Aracely, Garcia-Macia, Marina, Garcia-Moreno, Diana, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, Garcia-Sanz, Patricia, Garg, Abhishek D., Gargini, Ricardo, Garofalo, Tina, Garry, Robert F., Gassen, Nils C., Gatica, Damian, Ge, Liang, Ge, Wanzhong, Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth, Gelfi, Cecilia, Genschik, Pascal, Gentle, Ian E., Gerbino, Valeria, Gerhardt, Christoph, Germain, Kyla, Germain, Marc, Gewirtz, David A., Afshar, Elham Ghasemipour, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghigo, Alessandra, Ghosh, Manosij, Giamas, Georgios, Giampietri, Claudia, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, Gibson, Gary E., Gibson, Spencer B., Ginet, Vanessa, Giniger, Edward, Giorgi, Carlotta, Girao, Henrique, Girardin, Stephen E., Giridharan, Mridhula, Giuliano, Sandy, Giulivi, Cecilia, Giuriato, Sylvie, Giustiniani, Julien, Gluschko, Alexander, Goder, Veit, Goginashvili, Alexander, Golab, Jakub, Goldstone, David C., Golebiewska, Anna, Gomes, Luciana R., Gomez, Rodrigo, Gomez-Sanchez, Ruben, Gomez-Puerto, Maria Catalina, Gomez-Sintes, Raquel, Gong, Qingqiu, Goni, Felix M., Gonzalez-Gallego, Javier, Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tomas, Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa A., Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose A., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Patricia, Goping, Ing Swie, Gorbatyuk, Marina S., Gorbunov, Nikolai, V, Gorojod, Roxana M., Gorski, Sharon M., Goruppi, Sandro, Gotor, Cecilia, Gottlieb, Roberta A., Gozes, Illana, Gozuacik, Devrim, Graef, Martin, Graler, Markus H., Granatiero, Veronica, Grasso, Daniel, Gray, Joshua P., Green, Douglas R., Greenhough, Alexander, Gregory, Stephen L., Griffin, Edward F., Grinstaff, Mark W., Gros, Frederic, Grose, Charles, Gross, Angelina S., Gruber, Florian, Grumati, Paolo, Grune, Tilman, Gu, Xueyan, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guardia, Carlos M., Guda, Kishore, Guerra, Flora, Guerri, Consuelo, Guha, Prasun, Guillen, Carlos, Gujar, Shashi, Gukovskaya, Anna, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Gunther, Andreas, Guntur, Anyonya R., Guo, Chuanyong, Guo, Chun, Guo, Hongqing, Guo, Lian-Wang, Guo, Ming, Gupta, Pawan, Fernandez, Alvaro F., Gupta, Shashi Kumar, Gupta, Swapnil, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek, Gustafsson, Asa B., Gutterman, David D., Ranjitha, H. B., Haapasalo, Annakaisa, Haber, James E., Hadano, Shinji, Hafren, Anders J., Haidar, Mansour, Hall, Belinda S., Hallden, Gunnel, Hamacher-Brady, Anne, Hamann, Andrea, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Weidong, Hansen, Malene, Hanson, Phyllis, I, Hao, Zijian, Harada, Masaru, Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica, Hariharan, Nirmala, Haroon, Nigil, Harris, James, Hasegawa, Takafumi, Nagoor, Noor Hasima, Haspel, Jeffrey A., Haucke, Volker, Hawkins, Wayne D., Hay, Bruce A., Haynes, Cole M., Hayrabedyan, Soren B., Hays, Thomas S., He, Congcong, He, Qin, He, RongRong, He, You-Wen, He, Yu-Ying, Heakal, Yasser, Heberle, Alexander M., Hejtmancik, J. Fielding, Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir, Henkel, Vanessa, Herb, Marc, Hergovich, Alexander, Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna, Hernandez, Agustin, Hernandez, Carlos, Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio, Hernandez-Gea, Virginia, Herpin, Amaury, Herreros, Judit, Hervas, Javier H., Hesselson, Daniel, Hetz, Claudio, Heussler, Volker T., Higuchi, Yujiro, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A., Hlavacek, William S., Ho, Emmanuel A., Ho, Idy H. T., Ho, Philip Wing-Lok, Ho, ShuLeong, Ho, Wan Yun, Hobbs, G. Aaron, Hochstrasser, Mark, Hoet, Peter H. M., Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Hohn, Annika, Holmberg, Carina, I, Hombrebueno, Jose R., Hong, Chang-Won, Hong, Yi-Ren, Hooper, Lora, V, Hoppe, Thorsten, Horos, Rastislav, Hoshida, Yujin, Hsin, I-Lun, Hsu, Hsin-Yun, Hu, Bing, Hu, Dong, Hu, Li-Fang, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Ronggui, Hu, Wei, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Jinlian, Hua, Yingqi, Huan, Chongmin, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Chuanshu, Huang, Chuanxin, Huang, Chunling, Huang, Haishan, Huang, Kun, Huang, Michael L. H., Huang, Rui, Huang, Shan, Huang, Tianzhi, Huang, Xing, Huang, Yuxiang Jack, Huber, Tobias B., Hubert, Virginie, Hubner, Christian A., Hughes, Stephanie M., Hughes, William E., Humbert, Magali, Hummer, Gerhard, Hurley, James H., Hussain, Sabah, Hussain, Salik, Hussey, Patrick J., Hutabarat, Martina, Hwang, Hui-Yun, Hwang, Seungmin, Ieni, Antonio, Ikeda, Fumiyo, Imagawa, Yusuke, Imai, Yuzuru, Imbriano, Carol, Imoto, Masaya, Inman, Denise M., Inoki, Ken, Iovanna, Juan, Iozzo, Renato, V, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Irazoqui, Javier E., Iribarren, Pablo, Ishaq, Mohd, Ishikawa, Makoto, Ishimwe, Nestor, Isidoro, Ciro, Ismail, Nahed, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, Itakura, Eisuke, Ito, Daisuke, Ivankovic, Davor, Ivanova, Saska, Iyer, Anand Krishnan, V, Izquierdo, Jose M., Izumi, Masanori, Jaattela, Marja, Jabir, Majid Sakhi, Jackson, William T., Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia, Jacomin, Anne-Claire, Jacquin, Elise, Jadiya, Pooja, Jaeschke, Hartmut, Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jakobi, Arjen J., Jakobsson, Johan, Janji, Bassam, JansenDurr, Pidder, Jansson, Patric J., Jantsch, Jonathan, Januszewski, Slawomir, Jassey, Alagie, Jean, Steve, JeltschDavid, Helene, Jendelova, Pavla, Jenny, Andreas, Jensen, Thomas E., Jessen, Niels, Jewell, Jenna L., Ji, Jing, Jia, Lijun, Jia, Rui, Jiang, Liwen, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Richeng, Jiang, Teng, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Yu, Jimenez-Sanchez, Maria, Jin, Eun-Jung, Jin, Fengyan, Jin, Hongchuan, Jin, Li, Jin, Luqi, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Si, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, Joffre, Carine, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Gail V. W., Johnston, Simon A., Jokitalo, Eija, Jolly, Mohit Kumar, Joosten, Leo A. B., Jordan, Joaquin, Joseph, Bertrand, Ju, Dianwen, Ju, Jeong-Sun, Ju, Jingfang, Juarez, Esmeralda, Judith, Delphine, Juhasz, Gabor, Jun, Youngsoo, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, SungChul, Jung, Yong Keun, Jungbluth, Heinz, Jungverdorben, Johannes, Just, Steffen, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kaganovich, Daniel, Kahana, Alon, Kain, Renate, Kajimura, Shinjo, Kalamvoki, Maria, Kalia, Manjula, Kalinowski, Danuta S., Kaludercic, Nina, Kalvari, Ioanna, Kaminska, Joanna, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kanasaki, Keizo, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Rui, Kang, Sang Sun, Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., Kanthasamy, Arthi, Kantorow, Marc, Kapuy, Orsolya, Karamouzis, Michalis, V, Karim, Md Razaul, Karmakar, Parimal, Katare, Rajesh G., Kato, Masaru, Kaufmann, Stefan H. E., Kauppinen, Anu, Kaushal, Gur P., Kaushik, Susmita, Kawasaki, Kiyoshi, Kazan, Kemal, Ke, Po-Yuan, Keating, Damien J., Keber, Ursula, Kehrl, John H., Keller, Kate E., Keller, Christian W., Kemper, Jongsook Kim, Kenific, Candia M., Kepp, Oliver, Kermorgant, Stephanie, Kern, Andreas, Ketteler, Robin, Keulers, Tom G., Khalfin, Boris, Khalil, Hany, Khambu, Bilon, Khan, Shahid Y., Khandelwal, Vinoth Kumar Megraj, Khandia, Rekha, Kho, Widuri, Khobrekar, Noopur, V, Khuansuwan, Sataree, Khundadze, Mukhran, Killackey, Samuel A., Kim, Dasol, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Eun, Kim, Eun Young, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, HakRim, Kim, Hee-Sik, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Kyung, Kim, Jin-Hoi, Kim, Joungmok, Kim, Ju Hwan, Kim, Keun Il, Kim, Peter K., Kim, Seong-Jun, Kimball, Scot R., Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C., Kimura, Tomonori, King, Matthew A., Kinghorn, Kerri J., Kinsey, Conan G., Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., Kiselev, Sergey L., Kishi, Shuji, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitaoka, Yasushi, Kitazato, Kaio, Kitsis, Richard N., Kittler, Josef T., Kjaerulff, Ole, Klein, Peter S., Klopstock, Thomas, Klucken, Jochen, Knovelsrud, Helene, Knorr, Roland L., Ko, Ben C. B., Ko, Fred, Ko, JiunnLiang, Kobayashi, Hotaka, Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Ina, Koch, Jan C., Koenig, Ulrich, Kogel, Donat, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Kohlwein, Sepp D., Kocaturk, Nur M., Komatsu, Masaaki, Konig, Jeannette, Kono, Toru, Kopp, Benjamin T., Korcsmaros, Tamas, Korkmaz, Gozde, Korolchuk, Viktor, I, Korsnes, Monica Suarez, Koskela, Ali, Kota, Janaiah, Kotake, Yaichiro, Kotler, Monica L., Kou, Yanjun, Koukourakis, Michael, I, Koustas, Evangelos, Kovacs, Attila L., Kovacs, Tibor, Koya, Daisuke, Kozako, Tomohiro, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Kramer, Helmut, Krasnodembskaya, Anna D., Kretz-Remy, Carole, Kroemer, Guido, Ktistakis, Nicholas T., Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki, Kuenen, Sabine, Kuerschner, Lars, Kukar, Thomas, Kumar, Ajay, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Sharad, Kume, Shinji, Kumsta, Caroline, Kundu, Chanakya N., Kundu, Mondira, Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B., Kurgan, Lukasz, Kutateladze, Tatiana G., Kutlu, Ozlem, Kwak, SeongAe, Kwon, Ho Jeong, Kwon, Taeg Kyu, Kwon, Yong Tae, Kyrmizi, Irene, La Spada, Albert, Labonte, Patrick, Ladoire, Sylvain, Laface, Ilaria, Lafont, Frank, Lagace, Diane C., Lahiri, Vikramjit, Lai, Zhibing, Laird, Angela S., Lakkaraju, Aparna, Lamark, Trond, Lan, Sheng-Hui, Landajuela, Ane, Lane, Darius J. R., Lane, Jon D., Lang, Charles H., Lange, Carsten, Langer, Rupert, Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn, LaRusso, Nicholas F., Lastres-Becker, Isabel, Lau, Wilson Chun Yu, Laurie, Gordon W., Lavandero, Sergio, Law, Betty Yuen Kwan, Law, Helen Ka-wai, Layfield, Rob, Le, Weidong, Le Stunff, Herve, Leary, Alexandre Y., Lebrun, Jean-Jacques, Leck, Lionel Y. 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Y., Lilly, Mary A., Lim, Hyunjung J., Lima, Thania R. R., Limana, Federica, Lin, Chao, Lin, Chih-Wen, Lin, Dar-Shong, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jiandie D., Lin, Kurt M., Lin, Kwang-Huei, Lin, Liang-Tzung, Lin, Pei-Hui, Lin, Qiong, Lin, Shaofeng, Lin, Su-Ju, Lin, Wenyu, Lin, Xueying, Lin, Yao-Xin, Lin, Yee-Shin, Linden, Rafael, Lindner, Paula, Ling, Shuo-Chien, Lingor, Paul, Linnemann, Amelia K., Liou, YihCherng, Lipinski, Marta M., Lipovsek, Saska, Lira, Vitor A., Lisiak, Natalia, Liton, Paloma B., Liu, Chao, Liu, Ching-Hsuan, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Cui Hua, Liu, Fang, Liu, Hao, Liu, Hsiao-Sheng, Liu, Hua-feng, Liu, Huifang, Liu, Jia, Liu, Jing, Liu, Julia, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Longhua, Liu, Meilian, Liu, Qin, Liu, Wei, Liu, Wende, Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xiaodong, Liu, Xingguo, Liu, Xu, Liu, Xuedong, Liu, Yanfen, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yueyang, Liu, Yule, Livingston, J. Andrew, Lizard, Gerard, Lizcano, Jose M., Ljubojevic-Holzer, Senka, LLeonart, Matilde E., Llobet-Navas, David, Llorente, Alicia, Lo, Chih Hung, Lobato-Marquez, Damian, Long, Qi, Long, Yun Chau, Loos, Ben, Loos, Julia A., Lopez, Manuela G., Lopez-Domenech, Guillermo, Lopez-Guerrero, Jose Antonio, Lopez-Jimenez, Ana T., Lopez-Valero, Israel, Lorenowicz, Magdalena J., Lorente, Mar, Lorincz, Peter, Lossi, Laura, Lotersztajn, Sophie, Lovat, Penny E., Lovell, Jonathan F., Lovy, Alenka, Lu, Guang, Lu, Haocheng, Lu, Jia-Hong, Lu, Jin-Jian, Lu, Mengji, Lu, Shuyan, Luciani, Alessandro, Lucocq, John M., Ludovico, Paula, Luftig, Micah A., Luhr, Morten, Luis-Ravelo, Diego, Lum, Julian J., Luna-Dulcey, Liany, Lund, Anders H., Lund, Viktor K., Lunemann, Jan D., Luningschror, Patrick, Luo, Honglin, Luo, Rongcan, Luo, Shouqing, Luo, Zhi, Luparello, Claudio, Luscher, Bernhard, Luu, Luan, Lyakhovich, Alex, Lyamzaev, Konstantin G., Lystad, Alf Hakon, Lytvynchuk, Lyubomyr, Ma, Alvin C., Ma, Changle, Ma, Mengxiao, Ma, Ning-Fang, Ma, Quan-Hong, Ma, Xinliang, Ma, Yueyun, Ma, Zhenyi, MacDougald, Ormond A., Macian, Fernando, MacIntosh, Gustavo C., MacKeigan, Jeffrey P., Macleod, Kay F., Maday, Sandra, Madeo, Frank, Madesh, Muniswamy, Madl, Tobias, Madrigal-Matute, Julio, Maeda, Akiko, Maejima, Yasuhiro, Magarinos, Marta, Mahavadi, Poornima, Maiani, Emiliano, Maiese, Kenneth, Maiti, Panchanan, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Majello, Barbara, Major, Michael B., Makareeva, Elena, Malik, Fayaz, Mallilankaraman, Karthik, Malorni, Walter, Maloyan, Alina, Mammadova, Najiba, Man, Gene Chi Wai, Manai, Federico, Mancias, Joseph D., Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, Mandell, Michael A., Manfredi, Angelo A., Manjili, Masoud H., Manjithaya, Ravi, Manque, Patricio, Manshian, Bella B., Manzano, Raquel, Manzoni, Claudia, Mao, Kai, Marchese, Cinzia, Marchetti, Sandrine, Marconi, Anna Maria, Marcucci, Fabrizio, Mardente, Stefania, Mareninova, Olga A., Margeta, Marta, Mari, Muriel, Marinelli, Sara, Marinelli, Oliviero, Marino, Guillermo, Mariotto, Sofia, Marshall, Richard S., Marten, Mark R., Martens, Sascha, Martin, Alexandre P. J., Martin, Katie R., Martin, Sara, Martin, Shaun, Martin-Segura, Adrian, Martin-Acebes, Miguel A., Martin-Burriel, Inmaculada, Martin-Rincon, Marcos, Martin-Sanz, Paloma, Martina, Jose A., Martinet, Wim, Martinez, Aitor, Martinez, Ana, Martinez, Jennifer, Martinez Velazquez, Moises, Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Martins, Daniel O., Lange, Ulo, Lopez-Perez, Oscar, Martins, Joilson O., Martins, Waleska K., Martins-Marques, Tania, Marzetti, Emanuele, Masaldan, Shashank, Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine, Mashek, Douglas G., Massa, Valentina, Massieu, Lourdes, Masson, Glenn R., Masuelli, Laura, Masyuk, Anatoliy, I, Masyuk, Tetyana, V, Matarrese, Paola, Matheu, Ander, Matoba, Satoaki, Matsuzaki, Sachiko, Mattar, Pamela, Matte, Alessandro, Mattoscio, Domenico, Mauriz, Jose L., Mauthe, Mario, Mauvezin, Caroline, Maverakis, Emanual, Maycotte, Paola, Mayer, Johanna, Mazzoccoli, Gianluigi, Mazzoni, Cristina, Mazzulli, Joseph R., McCarty, Nami, McDonald, Christine, McGill, Mitchell R., McKenna, Sharon L., McLaughlin, BethAnn, McLoughlin, Fionn, McNiven, Mark A., McWilliams, Thomas G., Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima, Medeiros, Tania Catarina, Medina, Diego L., Megeney, Lynn A., Megyeri, Klara, Mehrpour, Maryam, Mehta, Jawahar L., Meijer, Alfred J., Meijer, Annemarie H., Mejlvang, Jakob, Melendez, Alicia, Melk, Annette, Memisoglu, Gonen, Mendes, Alexandrina F., Meng, Delong, Meng, Fei, Meng, Tian, Menna-Barreto, Rubem, Menon, Manoj B., Mercer, Carol, Mercier, Anne E., Mergny, Jean-Louis, Merighi, Adalberto, Merkley, Seth D., Merla, Giuseppe, Meske, Volker, Mestre, Ana Cecilia, Metur, Shree Padma, Meyer, Christian, Meyer, Hemmo, Mi, Wenyi, Mialet-Perez, Jeanne, Miao, Junying, Micale, Lucia, Miki, Yasuo, Milan, Enrico, Miller, Dana L., Miller, Samuel, I, Miller, Silke, Millward, Steven W., Milosevic, Ira, Minina, Elena A., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza, Mirzaei, Mehdi, Mishra, Amit, Mishra, Nandita, Mishra, Paras Kumar, Marjanovic, Maja Misirkic, Misasi, Roberta, Misra, Amit, Misso, Gabriella, Mitchell, Claire, Mitou, Geraldine, Miura, Tetsuji, Miyamoto, Shigeki, Miyazaki, Makoto, Miyazaki, Mitsunori, Miyazaki, Taiga, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mogensen, Trine H., Mograbi, Baharia, Mohammadinejad, Reza, Mohamud, Yasir, Mohanty, Abhishek, Mohapatra, Sipra, Mohlmann, Torsten, Mohmmed, Asif, Moles, Anna, Moley, Kelle H., Molinari, Maurizio, Mollace, Vincenzo, Muller, Andreas Buch, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Montagna, Costanza, Monteiro, Mervyn J., Montella, Andrea, Montes, L. Ruth, Montico, Barbara, Mony, Vinod K., Compagnoni, Giacomo Monzio, Moore, Michael N., Moosavi, Mohammad A., Mora, Ana L., Mora, Marina, Morales-Alamo, David, Moratalla, Rosario, Moreira, Paula, I, Morelli, Elena, Moreno, Sandra, Moreno-Blas, Daniel, Moresi, Viviana, Morga, Benjamin, Morgan, Alwena H., Morin, Fabrice, Morishita, Hideaki, Moritz, Orson L., Moriyama, Mariko, Moriyasu, Yuji, Morleo, Manuela, Morselli, Eugenia, Moruno-Manchon, Jose F., Moscat, Jorge, Mostowy, Serge, Motori, Elisa, Moura, Andrea Felinto, Moustaid-Moussa, Naima, Mrakovcic, Maria, MucinoHernandez, Gabriel, Mukherjee, Anupam, Mukhopadhyay, Subhadip, Levy, Jean M. Mulcahy, Mulero, Victoriano, Muller, Sylviane, Munch, Christian, Munjal, Ashok, Munoz-Canoves, Pura, Munoz-Galdeano, Teresa, Munz, Christian, Murakawa, Tomokazu, Muratori, Claudia, Murphy, Brona M., Murphy, J. Patrick, Murthy, Aditya, Myohanen, Timo T., Mysorekar, Indira U., Mytych, Jennifer, Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad, Nabissi, Massimo, Nagy, Peter, Nah, Jihoon, Nahimana, Aimable, Nakagawa, Ichiro, Nakamura, Ken, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nandi, Shyam S., Nanjundan, Meera, Nanni, Monica, Napolitano, Gennaro, Nardacci, Roberta, Narita, Masashi, Nassif, Melissa, Nathan, Ilana, Natsumeda, Manabu, Naude, Ryno J., Naumann, Christin, Naveiras, Olaia, Navid, Fatemeh, Nawrocki, Steffan T., Nazarko, Taras Y., Nazio, Francesca, Negoita, Florentina, Neill, Thomas, Neisch, Amanda L., Neri, Luca M., Netea, Mihai G., Neubert, Patrick, Neufeld, Thomas P., Neumann, Dietbert, Neutzner, Albert, Newton, Phillip T., Ney, Paul A., Nezis, Ioannis P., Ng, Charlene C. W., Ng, Tzi Bun, Nguyen, Hang T. T., Nguyen, Long T., Ni, Hong-Min, Cheallaigh, Cliona Ni, Ni, Zhenhong, Nicolao, M. Celeste, Nicoli, Francesco, Nieto-Diaz, Manuel, Nilsson, Per, Ning, Shunbin, Niranjan, Rituraj, Nishimune, Hiroshi, Niso-Santano, Mireia, Nixon, Ralph A., Nobili, Annalisa, Nobrega, Clevio, Noda, Takeshi, Nogueira-Recalde, Uxia, Nolan, Trevor M., Nombela, Ivan, Novak, Ivana, Novoa, Beatriz, Nozawa, Takashi, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nussbaum-Krammer, Carmen, and Nylandsted, Jesper
- Abstract
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
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- 2021
4. Hsp70 stabilizes lysosomes and reverts Niemann-Pick disease-associated lysosomal pathology
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Kirkegaard, Thomas, Roth, Anke G., Petersen, Nikolaj H.T., Mahalka, Ajay K., Olsen, Ole Dines, Moilanen, Irina, Zylicz, Alicja, Knudsen, Jens, Sandhoff, Konrad, Arenz, Christoph, Kinnunen, Paavo K.J., Nylandsted, Jesper, and Jaattela, Marja
- Subjects
Lipids -- Analysis ,Phospholipids -- Physiological aspects -- Research ,Heat shock proteins -- Physiological aspects -- Research ,Lysosomes -- Research ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is an evolutionarily highly conserved molecular chaperone that promotes the survival of stressed cells by inhibiting lysosomal membrane permeabilization (1-5),a hallmark of stress-induced cell death (6-10). Clues to its molecular mechanism of action may lay in the recently reported stress- and cancer-associated translocation of a small portion of Hsp70 to the lysosomal compartment (1,11). Here we show that Hsp70 stabilizes lysosomes by binding to an endolysosomal anionic phospholipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), an essential co-factor for lysosomal sphingomyelin metabolism (12-14). In acidic environments Hsp70 binds with high affinity and specificity to BMP, thereby facilitating the BMP binding and activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). The inhibition of the Hsp70-BMP interaction by BMP antibodies or a point mutation in Hsp70 (Trp90Phe), as well as the pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ASM, effectively revert the Hsp70-mediated stabilization of lysosomes. Notably, the reduced ASM activity in cells from patients with Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) A and B--severe lysosomal storage disorders caused by mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 gene (SMPD1) encoding for ASM (15)--is also associated with a marked decrease in lysosomal stability, and this phenotype can be effectively corrected by treatment with recombinant Hsp70. Taken together, these data open exciting possibilities for the development of new treatments for lysosomal storage disorders and cancer with compounds that enter the lysosomal lumen by the endocytic delivery pathway., To test whether the lysosomal localization is crucial for the reported ability of Hsp70 to stabilize lysosomal membranes (1), we took advantage of the endocytic machinery of cells to target [...]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Engaging the lysosomal compartment to combat B cell malignancies
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Gronbaek, Kirsten and Jaattela, Marja
- Subjects
Apoptosis -- Health aspects ,Apoptosis -- Analysis ,Animal models in research -- Usage ,Monoclonal antibodies -- Dosage and administration ,Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas -- Drug therapy ,Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas -- Research - Abstract
The combination of rituximab, a type I anti-CD20 mAb, with conventional chemotherapy has significantly improved the outcome of patients with B cell malignancies. Regardless of this success, many patients still relapse with therapy-resistant disease, highlighting the need for the development of mAbs with higher capacity to induce programmed cell death. The so-called type II anti-CD20 mAbs (e.g., tositumomab) that trigger caspase-independent B cell lymphoma cell death in vitro and show superior efficacy as compared with rituximab in eradicating target cells in mouse models are emerging as the next generation of therapeutic anti-CD20 mAbs. In this issue of the JCI, Ivanov and colleagues identify the lysosomal compartment as a target for type II mAbs (see the related article beginning on page 2143). These data encourage the further clinical development of type II mAbs as well as other lysosome-targeting drugs in the treatment of B cell malignancies., Caspase-mediated apoptosis is the main mechanism of action of most current anti-cancer treatments. Defects in apoptosis signaling pathways are, however, among the major hallmarks of cancer, and apoptosis-inducing therapies further [...]
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- 2009
6. Members of the heat-shock protein 70 family promote cancer cell growth by distinct mechanisms
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Rohde, Mikkel, Daugaard, Mads, Jensen, Mette Hartvig, Helin, Kristian, Nylandsted, Jesper, and Jaattela, Marja
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Cancer cells -- Analysis ,Heat shock proteins -- Analysis ,Biological sciences - Abstract
A thorough analysis of the expression and function of the cytosolic Hsp70 proteins in human cancer cells is presented and Hsp70-2, which is a protein essential for spermatogenesis is identified as an important regulator of cancer cell growth. The cancer cells experience a synergistic antiproliferative effect due to the concomitant depletion of the Hsp70 and Hsp70-2, thus demonstrating that the Hsp70 proteins lead to nonoverlapping functions that are essential for cell growth and survival.
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- 2005
7. Involvement of caspase-dependent activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis
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Wissing, Dorte, Mouritzen, Helle, Egeblad, Mikala, Poirier, Guy G., and Jaattela, Marja
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Cell death -- Research ,Tumor necrosis factor -- Research ,Science and technology - Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis is mediated by caspases, which are cysteine proteases related to interleukin 1[Beta]-converting enzyme. We report here that TNF-induced activation of caspases results in the cleavage and activation of cytosolic phospholipase [A.sub.2] (cPL[A.sub.2]) and that activated cPL[A.sub.2] contributes to apoptosis. Inhibition of caspases by expression of a cowpox virus-derived inhibitor, CrmA, or by a specific tetrapeptide inhibitor of CPP32/caspase-3, acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (Ac-DEVD-CHO), inhibited TNF-induced activation of cPL[A.sub.2] and apo-ptosis. TNF-induced activation of cPL[A.sub.2] was accompanied by a cleavage of the 100-kDa cPL[A.sub.2] to a 70-kDa proteolytic fragment. This cleavage was inhibited by Ac-DEVD-CHO in a similar manner as that of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase, a known substrate of CPP32/caspase-3. Interestingly, specific inhibition of cPL[A.sub.2] enzyme activity by arachidonyl trifluoromethylketone (AACOC[F.sub.3]) partially inhibited TNF-induced apoptosis without inhibition of caspase activity. Thus, our results suggest a novel caspase-dependent activation pathway for cPL[A.sub.2] during apoptosis and identify cPL[A.sub.2] as a mediator of TNF-induced cell death acting downstream of caspases.
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- 1997
8. Antihistamine use and risk of ovarian cancer:A population-based case-control study
- Author
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Verdoodt, Freija, Pottegard, Anton, Dehlendorff, Christian, Jaattela, Marja, Hallas, Jesper, Friis, Soren, Kjær, Susanne K., Verdoodt, Freija, Pottegard, Anton, Dehlendorff, Christian, Jaattela, Marja, Hallas, Jesper, Friis, Soren, and Kjær, Susanne K.
- Published
- 2019
9. Cell death induced by cationic amphiphilic drugs depends on lysosomal Ca2+ release and cyclic AMP
- Author
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Anand, Atul, Liu, Bin, Giacobini, Jano Dicroce, Maeda, Kenji, Rohde, Mikkel, Jaattela, Marja, Anand, Atul, Liu, Bin, Giacobini, Jano Dicroce, Maeda, Kenji, Rohde, Mikkel, and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Repurposing cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD) for cancer treatment is emerging as an attractive means to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. Many commonly used CADs, including several cation amphiphilic antihistamines and antidepressants, induce cancer-specific, lysosome-dependent cell death and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. CAD-induced inhibition of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase is necessary, but not sufficient, for the subsequent lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death, while other pathways regulating this cell death pathway are largely unknown. Prompted by significant changes in the expression of genes involved in Ca2+ and cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathways in CAD-resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells, we identified here an early lysosomal Ca2+ release through P2X purinergic receptor 4 (P2RX4) and subsequent Ca2+- and adenylyl cyclase 1 (ADCY1)-dependent synthesis of cAMP as a signaling route mediating CAD-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. Importantly, pharmacologic and genetic means to increase cellular cAMP levels either by activating cAMP-inducing G-protein–coupled receptors (GPR3 or b2 adrenergic receptor) or ADCY1, or by inhibiting cAMP-reducing guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit a2, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4, or cAMP phosphodiesterases, sensitized cancer cells to CADs. These data reveal a previously unrecognized lysosomal P2RX4- and ADCY1-dependent signaling cascade as a pathway essential for CAD-induced lysosome-dependent cell death and encourage further investigations to find the most potent combinations of CADs and cAMP-inducing drugs for cancer therapy.
- Published
- 2019
10. Antihistamines and survival from ovarian cancer: A population-based cohort study and in vitro cell viability study
- Author
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Dehlendorff, Christian, Verdoodt, Freija, Jaattela, Marja, Strauss, Robert, Pottegard, Anton, Hallas, Jesper, Kjaer, Susanne K., Friis, Søren, Dehlendorff, Christian, Verdoodt, Freija, Jaattela, Marja, Strauss, Robert, Pottegard, Anton, Hallas, Jesper, Kjaer, Susanne K., and Friis, Søren
- Published
- 2019
11. Heat Shock Protein 70 Overexpression Affects the Response to Ultraviolet Light in Murine Fibroblasts: Evidence for Increased Cell Viability and Suppression of Cytokine Release
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Simon, Manuel M., Reikerstorfer, Arnold, Schwarz, Agatha, Krone, Christine, Luger, Thomas A., Jaattela, Marja, and Schwarz, Thomas.
- Published
- 1995
12. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018
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Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Vitale, Ilio, Aaronson, Stuart A., Abrams, John M., Adam, Dieter, Agostinis, Patrizia, Alnemri, Emad S., Altucci, Lucia, Amelio, Ivano, Andrews, David W., Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, Margherita, Antonov, Alexey V., Arama, Eli, Baehrecke, Eric H., Barlev, Nickolai A., Bazan, Nicolas G., Bernassola, Francesca, Bertrand, Mathieu J. M., Bianchi, Katiuscia, Blagosklonny, Mikhail V., Blomgren, Klas, Borner, Christoph, Boya, Patricia, Brenner, Catherine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Candi, Eleonora, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Cecconi, Francesco, Chan, Francis K. -M., Chandel, Navdeep S., Cheng, Emily H., Chipuk, Jerry E., Cidlowski, John A., Ciechanover, Aaron, Cohen, Gerald M., Conrad, Marcus, Cubillos-Ruiz, Juan R., Czabotar, Peter E., D'Angiolella, Vincenzo, Dawson, Ted M., Dawson, Valina L., De laurenzi, Vincenzo, De Maria, Ruggero, Debatin, Klaus-Michael, DeBerardinis, Ralph J., Deshmukh, Mohanish, Di Daniele, Nicola, Di Virgilio, Francesco, Dixit, Vishva M., Dixon, Scott J., Duckett, Colin S., Dynlacht, Brian D., El-Deiry, Wafik S., Elrod, John W., Fimia, Gian Maria, Fulda, Simone, Garcia-Saez, Ana J., Garg, Abhishek D., Garrido, Carmen, Gavathiotis, Evripidis, Golstein, Pierre, Gottlieb, Eyal, Green, Douglas R., Greene, Lloyd A., Gronemeyer, Hinrich, Gross, Atan, Hajnoczky, Gyorgy, Hardwick, J. Marie, Harris, Isaac S., Hengartner, Michael O., Hetz, Claudio, Ichijo, Hidenori, Jaattela, Marja, Joseph, Bertrand, Jost, Philipp J., Juin, Philippe P., Kaiser, William J., Karin, Michael, Kaufmann, Thomas, Kepp, Oliver, Kimchi, Adi, Kitsis, Richard N., Klionsky, Daniel J., Knight, Richard A., Kumar, Sharad, Lee, Sam W., Lemasters, John J., Levine, Beth, Linkermann, Andreas, Lipton, Stuart A., Lockshin, Richard A., Lopez-Otin, Carlos, Lowe, Scott W., Luedde, Tom, Lugli, Enrico, MacFarlane, Marion, Madeo, Frank, Malewicz, Michal, Malorni, Walter, Manic, Gwenola, Marine, Jean-Christophe, Martin, Seamus J., Martinou, Jean-Claude, Medema, Jan Paul, Mehlen, Patrick, Meier, Pascal, Melino, Sonia, Miao, Edward A., Molkentin, Jeffery D., Moll, Ute M., Munoz-Pinedo, Cristina, Nagata, Shigekazu, Nunez, Gabriel, Oberst, Andrew, Oren, Moshe, Overholtzer, Michael, Pagano, Michele, Panaretakis, Theocharis, Pasparakis, Manolis, Penninger, Josef M., Pereira, David M., Pervaiz, Shazib, Peter, Marcus E., Piacentini, Mauro, Pinton, Paolo, Prehn, Jochen H. M., Puthalakath, Hamsa, Rabinovich, Gabriel A., Rehm, Markus, Rizzuto, Rosario, Rodrigues, Cecilia M. P., Rubinsztein, David C., Rudel, Thomas, Ryan, Kevin M., Sayan, Emre, Scorrano, Luca, Shao, Feng, Shi, Yufang, Silke, John, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Sistigu, Antonella, Stockwell, Brent R., Strasser, Andreas, Szabadkai, Gyorgy, Tait, Stephen W. G., Tang, Daolin, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Thorburn, Andrew, Tsujimoto, Yoshihide, Turk, Boris, Vanden Berghe, Tom, Vandenabeele, Peter, Heiden, Matthew G. Vander, Villunger, Andreas, Virgin, Herbert W., Vousden, Karen H., Vucic, Domagoj, Wagner, Erwin F., Walczak, Henning, Wallach, David, Wang, Ying, Wells, James A., Wood, Will, Yuan, Junying, Zakeri, Zahra, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zitvogel, Laurence, Melino, Gerry, Kroemer, Guido, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Vitale, Ilio, Aaronson, Stuart A., Abrams, John M., Adam, Dieter, Agostinis, Patrizia, Alnemri, Emad S., Altucci, Lucia, Amelio, Ivano, Andrews, David W., Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, Margherita, Antonov, Alexey V., Arama, Eli, Baehrecke, Eric H., Barlev, Nickolai A., Bazan, Nicolas G., Bernassola, Francesca, Bertrand, Mathieu J. M., Bianchi, Katiuscia, Blagosklonny, Mikhail V., Blomgren, Klas, Borner, Christoph, Boya, Patricia, Brenner, Catherine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Candi, Eleonora, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Cecconi, Francesco, Chan, Francis K. -M., Chandel, Navdeep S., Cheng, Emily H., Chipuk, Jerry E., Cidlowski, John A., Ciechanover, Aaron, Cohen, Gerald M., Conrad, Marcus, Cubillos-Ruiz, Juan R., Czabotar, Peter E., D'Angiolella, Vincenzo, Dawson, Ted M., Dawson, Valina L., De laurenzi, Vincenzo, De Maria, Ruggero, Debatin, Klaus-Michael, DeBerardinis, Ralph J., Deshmukh, Mohanish, Di Daniele, Nicola, Di Virgilio, Francesco, Dixit, Vishva M., Dixon, Scott J., Duckett, Colin S., Dynlacht, Brian D., El-Deiry, Wafik S., Elrod, John W., Fimia, Gian Maria, Fulda, Simone, Garcia-Saez, Ana J., Garg, Abhishek D., Garrido, Carmen, Gavathiotis, Evripidis, Golstein, Pierre, Gottlieb, Eyal, Green, Douglas R., Greene, Lloyd A., Gronemeyer, Hinrich, Gross, Atan, Hajnoczky, Gyorgy, Hardwick, J. Marie, Harris, Isaac S., Hengartner, Michael O., Hetz, Claudio, Ichijo, Hidenori, Jaattela, Marja, Joseph, Bertrand, Jost, Philipp J., Juin, Philippe P., Kaiser, William J., Karin, Michael, Kaufmann, Thomas, Kepp, Oliver, Kimchi, Adi, Kitsis, Richard N., Klionsky, Daniel J., Knight, Richard A., Kumar, Sharad, Lee, Sam W., Lemasters, John J., Levine, Beth, Linkermann, Andreas, Lipton, Stuart A., Lockshin, Richard A., Lopez-Otin, Carlos, Lowe, Scott W., Luedde, Tom, Lugli, Enrico, MacFarlane, Marion, Madeo, Frank, Malewicz, Michal, Malorni, Walter, Manic, Gwenola, Marine, Jean-Christophe, Martin, Seamus J., Martinou, Jean-Claude, Medema, Jan Paul, Mehlen, Patrick, Meier, Pascal, Melino, Sonia, Miao, Edward A., Molkentin, Jeffery D., Moll, Ute M., Munoz-Pinedo, Cristina, Nagata, Shigekazu, Nunez, Gabriel, Oberst, Andrew, Oren, Moshe, Overholtzer, Michael, Pagano, Michele, Panaretakis, Theocharis, Pasparakis, Manolis, Penninger, Josef M., Pereira, David M., Pervaiz, Shazib, Peter, Marcus E., Piacentini, Mauro, Pinton, Paolo, Prehn, Jochen H. M., Puthalakath, Hamsa, Rabinovich, Gabriel A., Rehm, Markus, Rizzuto, Rosario, Rodrigues, Cecilia M. P., Rubinsztein, David C., Rudel, Thomas, Ryan, Kevin M., Sayan, Emre, Scorrano, Luca, Shao, Feng, Shi, Yufang, Silke, John, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Sistigu, Antonella, Stockwell, Brent R., Strasser, Andreas, Szabadkai, Gyorgy, Tait, Stephen W. G., Tang, Daolin, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Thorburn, Andrew, Tsujimoto, Yoshihide, Turk, Boris, Vanden Berghe, Tom, Vandenabeele, Peter, Heiden, Matthew G. Vander, Villunger, Andreas, Virgin, Herbert W., Vousden, Karen H., Vucic, Domagoj, Wagner, Erwin F., Walczak, Henning, Wallach, David, Wang, Ying, Wells, James A., Wood, Will, Yuan, Junying, Zakeri, Zahra, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zitvogel, Laurence, Melino, Gerry, and Kroemer, Guido
- Abstract
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.
- Published
- 2018
13. STAT3 associates with vacuolar H+-ATPase and regulates cytosolic and lysosomal pH
- Author
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Liu, Bin, Palmfeldt, Johan, Lin, Lin, Colaco, Alexandria, Clemmensen, Knut K. B., Huang, Jinrong, Xu, Fengping, Liu, Xin, Maeda, Kenji, Luo, Yonglun, Jaattela, Marja, Liu, Bin, Palmfeldt, Johan, Lin, Lin, Colaco, Alexandria, Clemmensen, Knut K. B., Huang, Jinrong, Xu, Fengping, Liu, Xin, Maeda, Kenji, Luo, Yonglun, and Jaattela, Marja
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- 2018
14. Discovery of small molecules that induce lysosomal cell death in cancer cells using a phenotypic screening platform
- Author
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Pagliero, Romina J., D'Astolfo, Diego S., Lelieveld, Daphne, Pratiwi, Riyona D., Aits, Sonja, Jaattela, Marja, Martin, Nathaniel, Liskamp, Robert, Klumperman, Judith, and Egan, David A.
- Subjects
Small Molecule Libraries ,Indoles ,Cell Death ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Drug Discovery ,MCF-7 Cells ,Humans ,Spiro Compounds ,Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ,Lysosomes ,Article - Abstract
The lysosomal cell death (LCD) pathway is a caspase 3-independent cell death pathway that has been suggested as a possible target for cancer therapy, making the development of sensitive and specific high-throughput (HT) assays to identify LCD inducers highly desirable. In this study, we report a two-step HT screening platform to reliably identify such molecules. First, using a robust HT primary screen based on propidium iodide uptake, we identified compounds that kill through nonapoptotic pathways. A phenotypic image-based assay using a galectin-3 (Gal-3) reporter was then used to further classify hits based on lysosomal permeabilization, a hallmark of LCD. The identification of permeabilized lysosomes in our image-based assay is not affected by changes in the lysosomal pH, thus resolving an important limitation in currently used methods. We have validated our platform in a screen by identifying 24 LCD inducers, some previously known to induce LCD. Although most LCD inducers were cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs), we have also identified a non-CAD LCD inducer, which is of great interest in the field. Our data also gave new insights into the biology of LCD, suggesting that lysosomal accumulation and acid sphingomyelinase inhibition are not sufficient or necessary for the induction of LCD. Overall, our results demonstrate a robust HT platform to identify novel LCD inducers that will also be very useful for gaining deeper insights into the molecular mechanism of LCD induction.
- Published
- 2016
15. Discovery of Small Molecules That Induce Lysosomal Cell Death in Cancer Cell Lines Using an Image-Based Screening Platform
- Author
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Pagliero, Romina J, D'Astolfo, Diego S, Lelieveld, Daphne, Pratiwi, Riyona D, Aits, Sonja, Jaattela, Marja, Martin, Nathaniel I, Klumperman, Judith, Egan, David A, Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Sub Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical biol., Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Sub Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical biol.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Programmed cell death ,High-throughput screening ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Propidium iodide ,Caspase ,Medicine(all) ,lysosomal cell dead ,biology ,Drug discovery ,Molecular medicine ,Small molecule ,galectin-3 reporter ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,high throughout screening ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,Acid sphingomyelinase ,LMP phenotypic assay ,medicine.drug ,high throughput screening - Abstract
The lysosomal cell death (LCD) pathway is a caspase 3-independent cell death pathway that has been suggested as a possible target for cancer therapy, making the development of sensitive and specific high-throughput (HT) assays to identify LCD inducers highly desirable. In this study, we report a two-step HT screening platform to reliably identify such molecules. First, using a robust HT primary screen based on propidium iodide uptake, we identified compounds that kill through nonapoptotic pathways. A phenotypic image-based assay using a galectin-3 (Gal-3) reporter was then used to further classify hits based on lysosomal permeabilization, a hallmark of LCD. The identification of permeabilized lysosomes in our image-based assay is not affected by changes in the lysosomal pH, thus resolving an important limitation in currently used methods. We have validated our platform in a screen by identifying 24 LCD inducers, some previously known to induce LCD. Although most LCD inducers were cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs), we have also identified a non-CAD LCD inducer, which is of great interest in the field. Our data also gave new insights into the biology of LCD, suggesting that lysosomal accumulation and acid sphingomyelinase inhibition are not sufficient or necessary for the induction of LCD. Overall, our results demonstrate a robust HT platform to identify novel LCD inducers that will also be very useful for gaining deeper insights into the molecular mechanism of LCD induction.
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Discovery of Small Molecules That Induce Lysosomal Cell Death in Cancer Cell Lines Using an Image-Based Screening Platform
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Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Sub Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical biol., Pagliero, Romina J, D'Astolfo, Diego S, Lelieveld, Daphne, Pratiwi, Riyona D, Aits, Sonja, Jaattela, Marja, Martin, Nathaniel I, Klumperman, Judith, Egan, David A, Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Sub Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical biol., Pagliero, Romina J, D'Astolfo, Diego S, Lelieveld, Daphne, Pratiwi, Riyona D, Aits, Sonja, Jaattela, Marja, Martin, Nathaniel I, Klumperman, Judith, and Egan, David A
- Published
- 2016
17. Discovery of Small Molecules That Induce Lysosomal Cell Death in Cancer Cell Lines Using an Image-Based Screening Platform
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Pagliero, Romina J., D'Astolfo, Diego S., Lelieveld, Daphne, Pratiwi, Riyona D., Aits, Sonja, Jaattela, Marja, Martin, Nathaniel I., Klumperman, Judith, Egan, David A., Pagliero, Romina J., D'Astolfo, Diego S., Lelieveld, Daphne, Pratiwi, Riyona D., Aits, Sonja, Jaattela, Marja, Martin, Nathaniel I., Klumperman, Judith, and Egan, David A.
- Published
- 2016
18. Discovery of Small Molecules That Induce Lysosomal Cell Death in Cancer Cell Lines Using an Image-Based Screening Platform
- Author
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CMM Sectie Celbiologie, Cancer, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, CMM Cell Screening Center, Pagliero, Romina J., D'Astolfo, Diego S., Lelieveld, Daphne, Pratiwi, Riyona D., Aits, Sonja, Jaattela, Marja, Martin, Nathaniel I., Klumperman, Judith, Egan, David A., CMM Sectie Celbiologie, Cancer, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, CMM Cell Screening Center, Pagliero, Romina J., D'Astolfo, Diego S., Lelieveld, Daphne, Pratiwi, Riyona D., Aits, Sonja, Jaattela, Marja, Martin, Nathaniel I., Klumperman, Judith, and Egan, David A.
- Published
- 2016
19. Repurposing Cationic Amphiphilic Antihistamines for Cancer Treatment
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Ellegaard, Anne-Marie, Dehlendorff, Christian, Vind, Anna C., Anand, Atul, Cederkvist, Luise, Petersen, Nikolaj H. T., Nylandsted, Jesper, Stenvang, Jan, Mellemgaard, Anders, Osterlind, Kell, Friis, Soren, Jaattela, Marja, Ellegaard, Anne-Marie, Dehlendorff, Christian, Vind, Anna C., Anand, Atul, Cederkvist, Luise, Petersen, Nikolaj H. T., Nylandsted, Jesper, Stenvang, Jan, Mellemgaard, Anders, Osterlind, Kell, Friis, Soren, and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. In search for new NSCLC treatment options, we screened a cationic amphiphilic drug (CAD) library for cytotoxicity against NSCLC cells and identified several CAD antihistamines as inducers of lysosomal cell death. We then performed a cohort study on the effect of CAD antihistamine use on mortality of patients diagnosed with non-localized cancer in Denmark between 1995 and 2011. The use of the most commonly prescribed CAD antihistamine, loratadine, was associated with significantly reduced all-cause mortality among patients with non-localized NSCLC or any non-localized cancer when compared with use of non-CAD antihistamines and adjusted for potential confounders. Of the less frequently described CAD antihistamines, astemizole showed a similar significant association with reduced mortality as loratadine among patients with any non-localized cancer, and ebastine use showed a similar tendency. The association between CAD antihistamine use and reduced mortality was stronger among patients with records of concurrent chemotherapy than among those without such records. In line with this, sub-micromolar concentrations of loratadine, astemizole and ebastine sensitized NSCLC cells to chemotherapy and reverted multidrug resistance in NSCLC, breast and prostate cancer cells. Thus, CAD antihistamines may improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. In search for new NSCLC treatment options, we screened a cationic amphiphilic drug (CAD) library for cytotoxicity against NSCLC cells and identified several CAD antihistamines as inducers of lysosomal cell death. We then performed a cohort study on the effect of CAD antihistamine use on mortality of patients diagnosed with non-localized cancer in Denmark between 1995 and 2011. The use of the most commonly prescribed CAD antihistamine, loratadine, was associated with significantly reduced all-cause mortality among patients with non-localized NSCLC or any non-localized cancer when compared with use of non-CAD antihistamines and adjusted for potential confounders. Of the less frequently described CAD antihistamines, astemizole showed a similar significant association with reduced mortality as loratadine among patients with any non-localized cancer, and ebastine use showed a similar tendency. The association between CAD antihistamine use and reduced mortality was stronger among patients with records of concurrent chemotherapy than among those without such records. In line with this, sub-micromolar concentrations of loratadine, astemizole and ebastine sensitized NSCLC cells to chemotherapy and reverted multidrug resistance in NSCLC, breast and prostate cancer cells. Thus, CAD antihistamines may improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy
- Published
- 2016
20. Cathepsin B Acts as a Dominant Execution Protease in Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor
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Foghsgaard, Lasse, Wissing, Dorte, Mauch, Daniel, Lademann, Ulrik, Bastholm, Lone, Boes, Marianne, Elling, Folmer, Leist, Marcel, and Jaattela, Marja
- Subjects
Cell death -- Physiological aspects ,Cancer -- Physiological aspects ,Cell research -- Analysis ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Death receptors can trigger cell demise dependent or independent of caspases. In WEHI-S fibro-sarcoma cells, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced an increase in cytosolic cathepsin B activity followed by death with apoptotic features. Surprisingly, this process was enhanced by low, but effectively inhibiting, concentrations of pan-caspase inhibitors. Contrary to caspase inhibitors, a panel of pharmacological cathepsin B inhibitors, the endogenous cathepsin inhibitor cystatin A as well as antisense-mediated depletion of cathepsin B rescued WEHI-S cells from apoptosis triggered by TNF or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Thus, cathepsin B can take over the role of the dominant execution protease in death receptor-induced apoptosis. The conservation of this alternative execution pathway was further examined in other tumor cell lines. Here, cathepsin B acted as an essential downstream mediator of TNF-triggered and caspase-initiated apoptosis cascade, whereas apoptosis of primary cells was only minimally dependent on cathepsin B. These data imply that cathepsin B, which is commonly overexpressed in human primary tumors, may have two opposing roles in malignancy, reducing it by its proapoptotic features and enhancing it by its known facilitation of invasion. Key words: apoptosis * cancer * caspase independent * cathepsins * tumor necrosis factor
- Published
- 2001
21. Cancer-associated lysosomal changes:friends or foes?
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Kallunki, T, Olsen, O D, Jaattela, Marja, Kallunki, T, Olsen, O D, and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Rapidly dividing and invasive cancer cells are strongly dependent on effective lysosomal function. Accordingly, transformation and cancer progression are characterized by dramatic changes in lysosomal volume, composition and cellular distribution. Depending on one's point of view, the cancer-associated changes in the lysosomal compartment can be regarded as friends or foes. Most of them are clearly transforming as they promote invasive growth, angiogenesis and drug resistance. The same changes can, however, strongly sensitize cells to lysosomal membrane permeabilization and thereby to lysosome-targeting anti-cancer drugs. In this review we compile our current knowledge on cancer-associated changes in lysosomal composition and discuss the consequences of these alterations to cancer progression and the possibilities they can bring to cancer therapy.Oncogene advance online publication, 9 July 2012; doi:10.1038/onc.2012.292.
- Published
- 2013
22. Lysosomal cell death at a glance
- Author
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Aits, Sonja, Jaattela, Marja, Aits, Sonja, and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Lysosomes serve as the cellular recycling centre and are filled with numerous hydrolases that can degrade most cellular macromolecules. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and the consequent leakage of the lysosomal content into the cytosol leads to so-called "lysosomal cell death". This form of cell death is mainly carried out by the lysosomal cathepsin proteases and can have necrotic, apoptotic or apoptosis-like features depending on the extent of the leakage and the cellular context. This article summarizes our current knowledge on lysosomal cell death with an emphasis on the upstream mechanisms that lead to lysosomal membrane permeabilization.
- Published
- 2013
23. Identification of Autophagosome-associated Proteins and Regulators by Quantitative Proteomic Analysis and Genetic Screens
- Author
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Dengjel, Joern, Hoyer-Hansen, Maria, Nielsen, Maria O., Eisenberg, Tobias, Harder, Lea M., Schandorff, Soren, Farkas, Thomas, Kirkegaard, Thomas, Becker, Andrea C., Schroeder, Sabrina, Vanselow, Katja, Lundberg, Emma, Nielsen, Mogens M., Kristensen, Anders R., Akimov, Vyacheslav, Bunkenborg, Jakob, Madeo, Frank, Jaattela, Marja, Andersen, Jens S., Dengjel, Joern, Hoyer-Hansen, Maria, Nielsen, Maria O., Eisenberg, Tobias, Harder, Lea M., Schandorff, Soren, Farkas, Thomas, Kirkegaard, Thomas, Becker, Andrea C., Schroeder, Sabrina, Vanselow, Katja, Lundberg, Emma, Nielsen, Mogens M., Kristensen, Anders R., Akimov, Vyacheslav, Bunkenborg, Jakob, Madeo, Frank, Jaattela, Marja, and Andersen, Jens S.
- Abstract
Autophagy is one of the major intracellular catabolic pathways, but little is known about the composition of autophagosomes. To study the associated proteins, we isolated autophagosomes from human breast cancer cells using two different biochemical methods and three stimulus types: amino acid deprivation or rapamycin or concanamycin A treatment. The autophagosome- associated proteins were dependent on stimulus, but a core set of proteins was stimulus- independent. Remarkably, proteasomal proteins were abundant among the stimulus- independent common autophagosome- associated proteins, and the activation of autophagy significantly decreased the cellular proteasome level and activity supporting interplay between the two degradation pathways. A screen of yeast strains defective in the orthologs of the human genes encoding for a common set of autophagosome- associated proteins revealed several regulators of autophagy, including subunits of the retromer complex. The combined spatiotemporal proteomic and genetic data sets presented here provide a basis for further characterization of autophagosome biogenesis and cargo selection., QC 20120411
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Pterostilbene-Induced Tumor Cytotoxicity: A Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization-Dependent Mechanism
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico - Institut de Reconeixement Molecular i Desenvolupament Tecnològic, Mena Llidó, Salvador, Rodriguez, Maria L., Ponsoda Acedo, Javier, Estrela, José M., Jaattela, Marja, ORTEGA, Ángel L., Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico - Institut de Reconeixement Molecular i Desenvolupament Tecnològic, Mena Llidó, Salvador, Rodriguez, Maria L., Ponsoda Acedo, Javier, Estrela, José M., Jaattela, Marja, and ORTEGA, Ángel L.
- Abstract
The phenolic phytoalexin resveratrol is well known for its health-promoting and anticancer properties. Its potential benefits are, however, limited due to its low bioavailability. Pterostilbene, a natural dimethoxylated analog of resveratrol, presents higher anticancer activity than resveratrol. The mechanisms by which this polyphenol acts against cancer cells are, however, unclear. Here, we show that pterostilbene effectively inhibits cancer cell growth and stimulates apoptosis and autophagosome accumulation in cancer cells of various origins. However, these mechanisms are not determinant in cell demise. Pterostilbene promotes cancer cell death via a mechanism involving lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Different grades of susceptibility were observed among the different cancer cells depending on their lysosomal heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) content, a known stabilizer of lysosomal membranes. A375 melanoma and A549 lung cancer cells with low levels of HSP70 showed high susceptibility to pterostilbene, whereas HT29 colon and MCF7 breast cancer cells with higher levels of HSP70 were more resistant. Inhibition of HSP70 expression increased susceptibility of HT29 colon and MCF7 breast cancer cells to pterostilbene. Our data indicate that lysosomal membrane permeabilization is the main cell death pathway triggered by pterostilbene.
- Published
- 2012
25. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.
- Author
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Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (Krüger Group) [research center], Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdalla, Fabio C., Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T., Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A., Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M., Al-Zeer, Munir A., Albert, Matthew L., Albin, Roger L., Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi, Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O., Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K., Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Arancia, Giuseppe, Aris, John P., Asanuma, Katsuhiko, Asare, Nana Y. O., Ashida, Hisashi, Askanas, Valerie, Askew, David S., Auberger, Patrick, Baba, Misuzu, Backues, Steven K., Baehrecke, Eric H., Bahr, Ben A., Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Baiocchi, Robert, Baldini, Giulia, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Bamber, Bruce A., Bampton, Edward T. W., Banhegyi, Gabor, Bartholomew, Clinton R., Bassham, Diane C., Bast, Robert C. Jr, Batoko, Henri, Bay, Boon-Huat, Beau, Isabelle, Bechet, Daniel M., Begley, Thomas J., Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Bekri, Soumeya, Bellaire, Bryan, Bendall, Linda J., Benetti, Luca, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernardi, Henri, Bernassola, Francesca, Besteiro, Sebastien, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bi, Xiaoning, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Blum, Janice S., Boise, Lawrence H., Bonaldo, Paolo, Boone, David L., Bornhauser, Beat C., Bortoluci, Karina R., Bossis, Ioannis, Bost, Frederic, Bourquin, Jean-Pierre, Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michael, Bozhkov, Peter V., Brady, Nathan R., Brancolini, Claudio, Brech, Andreas, Brenman, Jay E., Brennand, Ana, Bresnick, Emery H., Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bristol, Molly L., Brookes, Paul S., Brown, Eric J., Brumell, John H., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Brunk, Ulf T., Bulman, Dennis E., Bultman, Scott J., Bultynck, Geert, Burbulla, Lena F., Bursch, Wilfried, Butchar, Jonathan P., Buzgariu, Wanda, Bydlowski, Sergio P., Cadwell, Ken, Cahova, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jiyang, Cai, Qian, Calabretta, Bruno, Calvo-Garrido, Javier, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Candi, Eleonora, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B., Carding, Simon R., Cardoso, Sandra M., Carew, Jennifer S., Carlin, Cathleen R., Carmignac, Virginie, Carneiro, Leticia A. M., Carra, Serena, Caruso, Rosario A., Casari, Giorgio, Casas, Caty, Castino, Roberta, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Celli, Jean, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chan, David C., Chan, Edmond Y., Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Che, Chi-Ming, Chen, Ching-Chow, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guo-Qiang, Chen, Min, Chen, Quan, Chen, Steve S.-L., Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xihui, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Xiequn, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H. K., Cheng, Yan, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jae-Ho, Cherry, Sara, Chess-Williams, Russ, Cheung, Zelda H., Chevet, Eric, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiba, Tomoki, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chisari, Francis V., Cho, Chi Hin, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choi, Augustine M. 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M., Michiels, Carine, Mijaljica, Dalibor, Milojkovic, Ana, Minucci, Saverio, Miracco, Clelia, Miranti, Cindy K., Mitroulis, Ioannis, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mograbi, Baharia, Mohseni, Simin, Molero, Xavier, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Momoi, Takashi, Monastyrska, Iryna, Monick, Martha M., Monteiro, Mervyn J., Moore, Michael N., Mora, Rodrigo, Moreau, Kevin, Moreira, Paula I., Moriyasu, Yuji, Moscat, Jorge, Mostowy, Serge, Mottram, Jeremy C., Motyl, Tomasz, Moussa, Charbel E.-H., Muller, Sylke, Muller, Sylviane, Munger, Karl, Munz, Christian, Murphy, Leon O., Murphy, Maureen E., Musaro, Antonio, Mysorekar, Indira, Nagata, Eiichiro, Nagata, Kazuhiro, Nahimana, Aimable, Nair, Usha, Nakagawa, Toshiyuki, Nakahira, Kiichi, Nakano, Hiroyasu, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nanjundan, Meera, Naqvi, Naweed I., Narendra, Derek P., Narita, Masashi, Navarro, Miguel, Nawrocki, Steffan T., Nazarko, Taras Y., Nemchenko, Andriy, Netea, Mihai G., Neufeld, Thomas P., Ney, Paul A., Nezis, Ioannis P., Nguyen, Huu Phuc, Nie, Daotai, Nishino, Ichizo, Nislow, Corey, Nixon, Ralph A., Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A., Nogalska, Anna, Noguchi, Satoru, Notterpek, Lucia, Novak, Ivana, Nozaki, Tomoyoshi, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nurnberger, Thorsten, Nyfeler, Beat, Obara, Keisuke, Oberley, Terry D., Oddo, Salvatore, Ogawa, Michinaga, Ohashi, Toya, Okamoto, Koji, Oleinick, Nancy L., Oliver, F. Javier, Olsen, Laura J., Olsson, Stefan, Opota, Onya, Osborne, Timothy F., Ostrander, Gary K., Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-Hsiung James, Ouimet, Mireille, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozpolat, Bulent, Paganetti, Paolo, Pagnini, Ugo, Pallet, Nicolas, Palmer, Glen E., Palumbo, Camilla, Pan, Tianhong, Panaretakis, Theocharis, Pandey, Udai Bhan, Papackova, Zuzana, Papassideri, Issidora, Paris, Irmgard, Park, Junsoo, Park, Ohkmae K., Parys, Jan B., Parzych, Katherine R., Patschan, Susann, Patterson, Cam, Pattingre, Sophie, Pawelek, John M., Peng, Jianxin, Perlmutter, David H., Perrotta, Ida, Perry, George, Pervaiz, Shazib, Peter, Matthias, Peters, Godefridus J., Petersen, Morten, Petrovski, Goran, Phang, James M., Piacentini, Mauro, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valerie, Pierron, Gerard, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Piras, Antonio, Piri, Natik, Platanias, Leonidas C., Poggeler, Stefanie, Poirot, Marc, Poletti, Angelo, Pous, Christian, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes, Praetorius-Ibba, Mette, Prasad, Anil, Prescott, Mark, Priault, Muriel, Produit-Zengaffinen, Nathalie, Progulske-Fox, Ann, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Przedborski, Serge, Przyklenk, Karin, Puertollano, Rosa, Puyal, Julien, Qian, Shu-Bing, Qin, Liang, Qin, Zheng-Hong, Quaggin, Susan E., Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Rabkin, Simon W., Rahman, Irfan, Rami, Abdelhaq, Ramm, Georg, Randall, Glenn, Randow, Felix, Rao, V. 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V., Scharl, Michael, Schatzl, Hermann M., Scheper, Wiep, Schiaffino, Stefano, Schneider, Claudio, Schneider, Marion E., Schneider-Stock, Regine, Schoenlein, Patricia V., Schorderet, Daniel F., Schuller, Christoph, Schwartz, Gary K., Scorrano, Luca, Sealy, Linda, Seglen, Per O., Segura-Aguilar, Juan, Seiliez, Iban, Seleverstov, Oleksandr, Sell, Christian, Seo, Jong Bok, Separovic, Duska, Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi, Setoguchi, Takao, Settembre, Carmine, Shacka, John J., Shanmugam, Mala, Shapiro, Irving M., Shaulian, Eitan, Shaw, Reuben J., Shelhamer, James H., Shen, Han-Ming, Shen, Wei-Chiang, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shi, Yang, Shibuya, Kenichi, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, Shih, Chwen-Ming, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shintani, Takahiro, Shirihai, Orian S., Shore, Gordon C., Sibirny, Andriy A., Sidhu, Stan B., Sikorska, Beata, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C. 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Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J., Wileman, Tom, Wiley, John W., Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Roger L., Williamson, Peter R., Wouters, Bradly G., Wu, Chenghan, Wu, Dao-Cheng, Wu, William K. K., Wyttenbach, Andreas, Xavier, Ramnik J., Xi, Zhijun, Xia, Pu, Xiao, Gengfu, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xu, Da-Zhi, Xu, Jianzhen, Xu, Liang, Xu, Xiaolei, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yamashita, Michiaki, Yan, Xianghua, Yanagida, Mitsuhiro, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Elizabeth, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Shi Yu, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Zhifen, Yao, Meng-Chao, Yao, Tso-Pang, Yeganeh, Behzad, Yen, Wei-Lien, Yin, Jia-Jing, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yoo, Ook-Joon, Yoon, Gyesoon, Yoon, Seung-Yong, Yorimitsu, Tomohiro, Yoshikawa, Yuko, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yoshimoto, Kohki, You, Ho Jin, Youle, Richard J., Younes, Anas, Yu, Li, Yu, Long, Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Wai Haung, Yuan, Zhi-Min, Yue, Zhenyu, Yun, Cheol-Heui, Yuzaki, Michisuke, Zabirnyk, Olga, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine, Zacks, David, Zacksenhaus, Eldad, Zaffaroni, Nadia, Zakeri, Zahra, Zeh, Herbert J. Rd, Zeitlin, Scott O., Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Hui-Ling, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Ming-Yong, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhao, Mantong, Zhao, Yi-Fang, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Zhizhuang J., Zheng, Xiaoxiang, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Cong-Zhao, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Xiao-Feng, Zhu, Xiongwei, Zhu, Yuangang, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorzano, Antonio, Zschocke, Jurgen, Zuckerbraun, Brian, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (Krüger Group) [research center], Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdalla, Fabio C., Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T., Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A., Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M., Al-Zeer, Munir A., Albert, Matthew L., Albin, Roger L., Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi, Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O., Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K., Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Arancia, Giuseppe, Aris, John P., Asanuma, Katsuhiko, Asare, Nana Y. 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D., Demarchi, Francesca, Deng, Yi Zhen, Dengjel, Jorn, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, Deretic, Vojo, Desai, Shyamal D., Devenish, Rodney J., Di Gioacchino, Mario, Di Paolo, Gilbert, Di Pietro, Chiara, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Diaz-Laviada, Ines, Diaz-Meco, Maria T., Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P., Ding, Wen-Xing, Distelhorst, Clark W., Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Dong, Zheng, Dorsey, Frank C., Dosenko, Victor, Dowling, James J., Doxsey, Stephen, Dreux, Marlene, Drew, Mark E., Duan, Qiuhong, Duchosal, Michel A., Duff, Karen, Dugail, Isabelle, Durbeej, Madeleine, Duszenko, Michael, Edelstein, Charles L., Edinger, Aimee L., Egea, Gustavo, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eissa, N. 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V., Scharl, Michael, Schatzl, Hermann M., Scheper, Wiep, Schiaffino, Stefano, Schneider, Claudio, Schneider, Marion E., Schneider-Stock, Regine, Schoenlein, Patricia V., Schorderet, Daniel F., Schuller, Christoph, Schwartz, Gary K., Scorrano, Luca, Sealy, Linda, Seglen, Per O., Segura-Aguilar, Juan, Seiliez, Iban, Seleverstov, Oleksandr, Sell, Christian, Seo, Jong Bok, Separovic, Duska, Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi, Setoguchi, Takao, Settembre, Carmine, Shacka, John J., Shanmugam, Mala, Shapiro, Irving M., Shaulian, Eitan, Shaw, Reuben J., Shelhamer, James H., Shen, Han-Ming, Shen, Wei-Chiang, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shi, Yang, Shibuya, Kenichi, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, Shih, Chwen-Ming, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shintani, Takahiro, Shirihai, Orian S., Shore, Gordon C., Sibirny, Andriy A., Sidhu, Stan B., Sikorska, Beata, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C. M., Simmons, Alison, Simon, Annabella, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simone, Cristiano, Simonsen, Anne, Sinclair, David A., Singh, Rajat, Sinha, Debasish, Sinicrope, Frank A., Sirko, Agnieszka, Siu, Parco M., Sivridis, Efthimios, Skop, Vojtech, Skulachev, Vladimir P., Slack, Ruth S., Smaili, Soraya S., Smith, Duncan R., Soengas, Maria S., Soldati, Thierry, Song, Xueqin, Sood, Anil K., Soong, Tuck Wah, Sotgia, Federica, Spector, Stephen A., Spies, Claudia D., Springer, Wolfdieter, Srinivasula, Srinivasa M., Stefanis, Leonidas, Steffan, Joan S., Stendel, Ruediger, Stenmark, Harald, Stephanou, Anastasis, Stern, Stephan T., Sternberg, Cinthya, Stork, Bjorn, Stralfors, Peter, Subauste, Carlos S., Sui, Xinbing, Sulzer, David, Sun, Jiaren, Sun, Shi-Yong, Sun, Zhi-Jun, Sung, Joseph J. Y., Suzuki, Kuninori, Suzuki, Toshihiko, Swanson, Michele S., Swanton, Charles, Sweeney, Sean T., Sy, Lai-King, Szabadkai, Gyorgy, Tabas, Ira, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Takacs-Vellai, Krisztina, Takano, Yoshitaka, Takegawa, Kaoru, Takemura, Genzou, Takeshita, Fumihiko, Talbot, Nicholas J., Tan, Kevin S. W., Tanaka, Keiji, Tanaka, Kozo, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Dingzhong, Tanida, Isei, Tannous, Bakhos A., Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Graham S., Taylor, Gregory A., Taylor, J. Paul, Terada, Lance S., Terman, Alexei, Tettamanti, Gianluca, Thevissen, Karin, Thompson, Craig B., Thorburn, Andrew, Thumm, Michael, Tian, Fengfeng, Tian, Yuan, Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco, Tolkovsky, Aviva M., Tomino, Yasuhiko, Tonges, Lars, Tooze, Sharon A., Tournier, Cathy, Tower, John, Towns, Roberto, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Travassos, Leonardo H., Tsai, Ting-Fen, Tschan, Mario P., Tsubata, Takeshi, Tsung, Allan, Turk, Boris, Turner, Lorianne S., Tyagi, Suresh C., Uchiyama, Yasuo, Ueno, Takashi, Umekawa, Midori, Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika, Unni, Vivek K., Vaccaro, Maria I., Valente, Enza Maria, Van den Berghe, Greet, van der Klei, Ida J., van Doorn, Wouter, van Dyk, Linda F., van Egmond, Marjolein, van Grunsven, Leo A., Vandenabeele, Peter, Vandenberghe, Wim P., Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Vaquero, Eva C., Velasco, Guillermo, Vellai, Tibor, Vicencio, Jose Miguel, Vierstra, Richard D., Vila, Miquel, Vindis, Cecile, Viola, Giampietro, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V., von Haefen, Clarissa, Votruba, Marcela, Wada, Keiji, Wade-Martins, Richard, Walker, Cheryl L., Walsh, Craig M., Walter, Jochen, Wan, Xiang-Bo, Wang, Aimin, Wang, Chenguang, Wang, Dawei, Wang, Fan, Wang, Fen, Wang, Guanghui, Wang, Haichao, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Horng-Dar, Wang, Jin, Wang, Ke, Wang, Mei, Wang, Richard C., Wang, Xinglong, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Ying-Jan, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zhigang Charles, Wang, Zhinong, Wansink, Derick G., Ward, Diane M., Watada, Hirotaka, Waters, Sarah L., Webster, Paul, Wei, Lixin, Weihl, Conrad C., Weiss, William A., Welford, Scott M., Wen, Long-Ping, Whitehouse, Caroline A., Whitton, J. Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J., Wileman, Tom, Wiley, John W., Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Roger L., Williamson, Peter R., Wouters, Bradly G., Wu, Chenghan, Wu, Dao-Cheng, Wu, William K. K., Wyttenbach, Andreas, Xavier, Ramnik J., Xi, Zhijun, Xia, Pu, Xiao, Gengfu, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xu, Da-Zhi, Xu, Jianzhen, Xu, Liang, Xu, Xiaolei, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yamashita, Michiaki, Yan, Xianghua, Yanagida, Mitsuhiro, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Elizabeth, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Shi Yu, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Zhifen, Yao, Meng-Chao, Yao, Tso-Pang, Yeganeh, Behzad, Yen, Wei-Lien, Yin, Jia-Jing, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yoo, Ook-Joon, Yoon, Gyesoon, Yoon, Seung-Yong, Yorimitsu, Tomohiro, Yoshikawa, Yuko, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yoshimoto, Kohki, You, Ho Jin, Youle, Richard J., Younes, Anas, Yu, Li, Yu, Long, Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Wai Haung, Yuan, Zhi-Min, Yue, Zhenyu, Yun, Cheol-Heui, Yuzaki, Michisuke, Zabirnyk, Olga, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine, Zacks, David, Zacksenhaus, Eldad, Zaffaroni, Nadia, Zakeri, Zahra, Zeh, Herbert J. Rd, Zeitlin, Scott O., Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Hui-Ling, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Ming-Yong, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhao, Mantong, Zhao, Yi-Fang, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Zhizhuang J., Zheng, Xiaoxiang, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Cong-Zhao, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Xiao-Feng, Zhu, Xiongwei, Zhu, Yuangang, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorzano, Antonio, Zschocke, Jurgen, and Zuckerbraun, Brian
- Abstract
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused o
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- 2012
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26. Identification of cytoskeleton-associated proteins essential for lysosomal stability and survival of human cancer cells
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Groth-Pedersen, Line, Aits, Sonja, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, Petersen, Nikolaj H T, Nylandsted, Jesper, Jaattela, Marja, Groth-Pedersen, Line, Aits, Sonja, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, Petersen, Nikolaj H T, Nylandsted, Jesper, and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Microtubule-disturbing drugs inhibit lysosomal trafficking and induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization followed by cathepsin-dependent cell death. To identify specific trafficking-related proteins that control cell survival and lysosomal stability, we screened a molecular motor siRNA library in human MCF7 breast cancer cells. SiRNAs targeting four kinesins (KIF11/Eg5, KIF20A, KIF21A, KIF25), myosin 1G (MYO1G), myosin heavy chain 1 (MYH1) and tropomyosin 2 (TPM2) were identified as effective inducers of non-apoptotic cell death. The cell death induced by KIF11, KIF21A, KIF25, MYH1 or TPM2 siRNAs was preceded by lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and all identified siRNAs induced several changes in the endo-lysosomal compartment, i.e. increased lysosomal volume (KIF11, KIF20A, KIF25, MYO1G, MYH1), increased cysteine cathepsin activity (KIF20A, KIF25), altered lysosomal localization (KIF25, MYH1, TPM2), increased dextran accumulation (KIF20A), or reduced autophagic flux (MYO1G, MYH1). Importantly, all seven siRNAs also killed human cervix cancer (HeLa) and osteosarcoma (U-2-OS) cells and sensitized cancer cells to other lysosome-destabilizing treatments, i.e. photo-oxidation, siramesine, etoposide or cisplatin. Similarly to KIF11 siRNA, the KIF11 inhibitor monastrol induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and sensitized several cancer cell lines to siramesine. While KIF11 inhibitors are under clinical development as mitotic blockers, our data reveal a new function for KIF11 in controlling lysosomal stability and introduce six other molecular motors as putative cancer drug targets.
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- 2012
27. Pterostilbene-induced tumor cytotoxicity:a lysosomal membrane permeabilization-dependent mechanism
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Mena, Salvador, Rodríguez, María L, Ponsoda, Xavier, Estrela, José M, Jaattela, Marja, Ortega, Angel L, Mena, Salvador, Rodríguez, María L, Ponsoda, Xavier, Estrela, José M, Jaattela, Marja, and Ortega, Angel L
- Abstract
The phenolic phytoalexin resveratrol is well known for its health-promoting and anticancer properties. Its potential benefits are, however, limited due to its low bioavailability. Pterostilbene, a natural dimethoxylated analog of resveratrol, presents higher anticancer activity than resveratrol. The mechanisms by which this polyphenol acts against cancer cells are, however, unclear. Here, we show that pterostilbene effectively inhibits cancer cell growth and stimulates apoptosis and autophagosome accumulation in cancer cells of various origins. However, these mechanisms are not determinant in cell demise. Pterostilbene promotes cancer cell death via a mechanism involving lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Different grades of susceptibility were observed among the different cancer cells depending on their lysosomal heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) content, a known stabilizer of lysosomal membranes. A375 melanoma and A549 lung cancer cells with low levels of HSP70 showed high susceptibility to pterostilbene, whereas HT29 colon and MCF7 breast cancer cells with higher levels of HSP70 were more resistant. Inhibition of HSP70 expression increased susceptibility of HT29 colon and MCF7 breast cancer cells to pterostilbene. Our data indicate that lysosomal membrane permeabilization is the main cell death pathway triggered by pterostilbene.
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- 2012
28. LEDGF (p75) promotes DNA-end resection and homologous recombination
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Daugaard, Mads, Baude, Annika, Fugger, Kasper, Povlsen, Lou Klitgaard, Beck, Halfdan, Sørensen, Claus Storgaard, Petersen, Nikolaj H T, Sorensen, Poul H B, Lukas, Claudia, Bartek, Jiri, Lukas, Jiri, Rohde, Mikkel, Jaattela, Marja, Daugaard, Mads, Baude, Annika, Fugger, Kasper, Povlsen, Lou Klitgaard, Beck, Halfdan, Sørensen, Claus Storgaard, Petersen, Nikolaj H T, Sorensen, Poul H B, Lukas, Claudia, Bartek, Jiri, Lukas, Jiri, Rohde, Mikkel, and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 splice variant (LEDGF) is a chromatin-binding protein known for its antiapoptotic activity and ability to direct human immunodeficiency virus into active transcription units. Here we show that LEDGF promotes the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the homologous recombination repair pathway. Depletion of LEDGF impairs the recruitment of C-terminal binding protein interacting protein (CtIP) to DNA DSBs and the subsequent CtIP-dependent DNA-end resection. LEDGF is constitutively associated with chromatin through its Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (PWWP) domain that binds preferentially to epigenetic methyl-lysine histone markers characteristic of active transcription units. LEDGF binds CtIP in a DNA damage-dependent manner, thereby enhancing its tethering to the active chromatin and facilitating its access to DNA DSBs. These data highlight the role of PWWP-domain proteins in DNA repair and provide a molecular explanation for the antiapoptotic and cancer cell survival-activities of LEDGF.
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- 2012
29. Identification of autophagosome-associated proteins and regulators by quantitative proteomic analysis and genetic screens
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Dengjel, Jörn, Høyer-Hansen, Maria, Nielsen, Maria O, Eisenberg, Tobias, Harder, Lea Mørch, Schandorff, Søren, Farkas, Thomas, Kirkegaard, Thomas, Becker, Andrea C, Schroeder, Sabrina, Vanselow, Katja, Lundberg, Emma, Nielsen, Mogens Møller, Kristensen, Anders Riis, Akimov, Vyacheslav, Bunkenborg, Jakob, Madeo, Frank, Jaattela, Marja, Andersen, Jens S, Dengjel, Jörn, Høyer-Hansen, Maria, Nielsen, Maria O, Eisenberg, Tobias, Harder, Lea Mørch, Schandorff, Søren, Farkas, Thomas, Kirkegaard, Thomas, Becker, Andrea C, Schroeder, Sabrina, Vanselow, Katja, Lundberg, Emma, Nielsen, Mogens Møller, Kristensen, Anders Riis, Akimov, Vyacheslav, Bunkenborg, Jakob, Madeo, Frank, Jaattela, Marja, and Andersen, Jens S
- Abstract
Autophagy is one of the major intracellular catabolic pathways, but little is known about the composition of autophagosomes. To study the associated proteins, we isolated autophagosomes from human breast cancer cells using two different biochemical methods and three stimulus types: amino acid deprivation or rapamycin or concanamycin A treatment. The autophagosome-associated proteins were dependent on stimulus, but a core set of proteins was stimulus-independent. Remarkably, proteasomal proteins were abundant among the stimulus-independent common autophagosome-associated proteins, and the activation of autophagy significantly decreased the cellular proteasome level and activity supporting interplay between the two degradation pathways. A screen of yeast strains defective in the orthologs of the human genes encoding for a common set of autophagosome-associated proteins revealed several regulators of autophagy, including subunits of the retromer complex. The combined spatiotemporal proteomic and genetic data sets presented here provide a basis for further characterization of autophagosome biogenesis and cargo selection.
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- 2012
30. ROS-induced DNA damage and PARP-1 are required for optimal induction of starvation-induced autophagy
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Rodríguez-Vargas, José Manuel, Ruiz-Magaña, María José, Ruiz-Ruiz, Carmen, Majuelos-Melguizo, Jara, Peralta-Leal, Andreína, Rodríguez, María Isabel, Muñoz-Gámez, José Antonio, de Almodóvar, Mariano Ruiz, Siles, Eva, Rivas, Abelardo López, Jaattela, Marja, Oliver, F Javier, Rodríguez-Vargas, José Manuel, Ruiz-Magaña, María José, Ruiz-Ruiz, Carmen, Majuelos-Melguizo, Jara, Peralta-Leal, Andreína, Rodríguez, María Isabel, Muñoz-Gámez, José Antonio, de Almodóvar, Mariano Ruiz, Siles, Eva, Rivas, Abelardo López, Jaattela, Marja, and Oliver, F Javier
- Abstract
In response to nutrient stress, cells start an autophagy program that can lead to adaptation or death. The mechanisms underlying the signaling from starvation to the initiation of autophagy are not fully understood. In the current study we show that the absence or inactivation of PARP-1 strongly delays starvation-induced autophagy. We have found that DNA damage is an early event of starvation-induced autophagy as measured by ¿-H2AX accumulation and comet assay, with PARP-1 knockout cells displaying a reduction in both parameters. During starvation, ROS-induced DNA damage activates PARP-1, leading to ATP depletion (an early event after nutrient deprivation). The absence of PARP-1 blunted AMPK activation and prevented the complete loss of mTOR activity, leading to a delay in autophagy. PARP-1 depletion favors apoptosis in starved cells, suggesting a pro-survival role of autophagy and PARP-1 activation after nutrient deprivation. In vivo results show that neonates of PARP-1 mutant mice subjected to acute starvation, also display deficient liver autophagy, implying a physiological role for PARP-1 in starvation-induced autophagy. Thus, the PARP signaling pathway is a key regulator of the initial steps of autophagy commitment following starvation.
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- 2012
31. ErbB2-Driven Breast Cancer Cell Invasion Depends on a Complex Signaling Network Activating Myeloid Zinc Finger-1-Dependent Cathepsin B Expression
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Rafn, Bo, Nielsen, Christian Friberg, Andersen, Sofie Hagel, Szyniarowski, Piotr, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, Valo, Erkka, Fehrenbacher, Nicole, Olsen, Charlotta Johanne, Daugaard, Mads, Egebjerg, Christina, Bøttzauw, Trine, Kohonen, Pekka, Nylandsted, Jesper, Hautaniemi, Sampsa, Moreira, José, Jaattela, Marja, Kallunki, Tuula, Rafn, Bo, Nielsen, Christian Friberg, Andersen, Sofie Hagel, Szyniarowski, Piotr, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, Valo, Erkka, Fehrenbacher, Nicole, Olsen, Charlotta Johanne, Daugaard, Mads, Egebjerg, Christina, Bøttzauw, Trine, Kohonen, Pekka, Nylandsted, Jesper, Hautaniemi, Sampsa, Moreira, José, Jaattela, Marja, and Kallunki, Tuula
- Abstract
Aberrant ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase activation in breast cancer is strongly linked to an invasive disease. The molecular basis of ErbB2-driven invasion is largely unknown. We show that cysteine cathepsins B and L are elevated in ErbB2 positive primary human breast cancer and function as effectors of ErbB2-induced invasion in vitro. We identify Cdc42-binding protein kinase beta, extracellular regulated kinase 2, p21-activated protein kinase 4, and protein kinase C alpha as essential mediators of ErbB2-induced cysteine cathepsin expression and breast cancer cell invasiveness. The identified signaling network activates the transcription of cathepsin B gene (CTSB) via myeloid zinc finger-1 transcription factor that binds to an ErbB2-responsive enhancer element in the first intron of CTSB. This work provides a model system for ErbB2-induced breast cancer cell invasiveness, reveals a signaling network that is crucial for invasion in vitro, and defines a specific role and targets for the identified serine-threonine kinases.
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- 2012
32. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and autophagy
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Farkas, Thomas, Daugaard, Mads, Jaattela, Marja, Farkas, Thomas, Daugaard, Mads, and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a lysosomal catabolic pathway that controls cellular homeostasis and survival. It has recently emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of a variety of degenerative diseases and cancer. The targeting of autophagy has, however, been hampered by the lack of specific small molecule inhibitors. Thus, we screened two small molecule kinase inhibitor libraries for inhibitors of rapamycin-induced autophagic flux. The three most potent inhibitors identified conferred profound inhibition of autophagic flux by inhibiting the formation of autophagosomes. Notably, the autophagy inhibitory effects of all three compounds were independent of their established kinase targets, i.e. ataxia telangiectasia mutated for KU55933, protein kinase C for Gö6976, and Janus kinase 3 for Jak3 inhibitor VI. Instead, we identified phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) as a direct target of KU55933 and Gö6976. Importantly, and in contrast to the currently available inhibitors of autophagosome formation (e.g. 3-methyladenine), none of the three compounds inhibited the cell survival promoting class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling at the concentrations required for effective autophagy inhibition. Accordingly, they proved to be valuable tools for investigations of autophagy-associated cell death and survival. Employing KU55399, we demonstrated that autophagy protects amino acid-starved cells against both apoptosis and necroptosis. Taken together, our data introduce new possibilities for the experimental study of autophagy and can form a basis for the development of clinically relevant autophagy inhibitors.
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- 2011
33. ErbB2-associated changes in the lysosomal proteome
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Nylandsted, Jesper, Becker, Andrea C, Bunkenborg, Jakob, Andersen, Jens S, Dengjel, Jörn, Jaattela, Marja, Nylandsted, Jesper, Becker, Andrea C, Bunkenborg, Jakob, Andersen, Jens S, Dengjel, Jörn, and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Late endosomes and lysosomes (hereafter referred to as lysosomes) play an essential role in the turnover of cellular macromolecules and organelles. Their biochemical characterization has so far depended on purification methods based on either density gradient centrifugations or magnetic purification of iron-loaded organelles. Owing to dramatic changes in lysosomal density and stability associated with lysosomal diseases and cancer, these methods are not optimal for the comparison of normal and pathological lysosomes. Here, we introduce an efficient method for the purification of intact lysosomes by magnetic immunoprecipitation with antibodies against the vacuolar-type H(+) -ATPase. Quantitative MS-based proteomics analysis of the obtained lysosomal membranes identified 60 proteins, most of which have previously been associated with the lysosomal compartment. Interestingly, the lysosomal membrane proteome was significantly altered by the ectopic expression of an active form of the ErbB2 oncogene, which renders the cells highly metastatic. The furthermost ErbB2-associated changes included increased levels of CD63, S100A11 and ferritin heavy chain. Overall, our data introduce the antibody-based purification of lysosomes as a suitable method for the characterization of lysosomes from a variety of pathological conditions with altered lysosomal density and stability.
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- 2011
34. A comprehensive siRNA screen for kinases that suppress macroautophagy in optimal growth conditions
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Szyniarowski, Piotr, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, Farkas, Thomas, Høyer-Hansen, Maria, Nylandsted, Jesper, Kallunki, Tuula, Jaattela, Marja, Szyniarowski, Piotr, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, Farkas, Thomas, Høyer-Hansen, Maria, Nylandsted, Jesper, Kallunki, Tuula, and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Macroautophagy is a catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis and protects cells against various external stresses including starvation. Except for the identification of the Akt-mTORC1 pathway as a major negative regulator, little is known about signaling networks that control macroautophagy under optimal growth conditions. Therefore, we screened a human kinome siRNA library for siRNAs that increase the number of autophagosomes in normally growing MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells, and identified 10 kinases as regulators of constitutive macroautophagy. Further analysis of these kinases with respect to the autophagic flux, kinase signaling and endolysosomal function identified WNK2 as a positive regulator of autophagosome maturation and nine others as macroautophagy inhibitors. The depletion of MK2, PACSIN1, DAPK2, CDKL3 and SCYL1 functioned upstream of Akt-mTORC1 pathway, whereas CSNK1A1, BUB1, PKLR and NEK4 suppressed autophagosome formation downstream or independent of mTORC1. Importantly, all identified kinases except for BUB1 regulated macroautophagy also in immortalized MCF-10A breast epithelial cells. The kinases identified here shed light to the complex regulation of macroautophagy and open new possibilities for its pharmacological manipulation.
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- 2011
35. Activation of phospholipase A2 by Hsp70 in vitro
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Mahalka, Ajay K, Code, Christian, Rezaijahromi, Behnam, Kirkegaard, Thomas, Jaattela, Marja, Kinnunen, Paavo, Mahalka, Ajay K, Code, Christian, Rezaijahromi, Behnam, Kirkegaard, Thomas, Jaattela, Marja, and Kinnunen, Paavo
- Abstract
We recently suggested a novel mechanism for the activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), with a (catalytically) highly active oligomeric state, which subsequently becomes inactivated by conversion into amyloid. This process can be activated by lysophosphatidylcholine which promotes both oligomerization and amyloid activation/inactivation. The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), has been demonstrated to be able to revert the conversion of a-synuclein and Alzheimer ß-peptide to amyloid fibrils in vitro. Accordingly, we would expect Hsp70 to sustain the lifetime of the active state of the enzyme oligomer by attenuating the conversion of the enzyme oligomers into inactive amyloid. Here we show that Hsp70 activates PLA2 in vitro, in a manner requiring ATP and Mg(2+).
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- 2011
36. A comprehensive glossary of autophagy-related molecules and processes (2nd edition)
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Klionsky, Daniel J, Baehrecke, Eric H, Brumell, John H, Chu, Charleen T, Codogno, Patrice, Cuervo, Ana Marie, Debnath, Jayanta, Deretic, Vojo, Elazar, Zvulun, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Finkbeiner, Steven, Fueyo-Margareto, Juan, Gewirtz, David, Jaattela, Marja, Kroemer, Guido, Levine, Beth, Melia, Thomas J, Mizushima, Noboru, Rubinsztein, David C, Simonsen, Anne, Thorburn, Andrew, Thumm, Michael, Tooze, Sharon A, Klionsky, Daniel J, Baehrecke, Eric H, Brumell, John H, Chu, Charleen T, Codogno, Patrice, Cuervo, Ana Marie, Debnath, Jayanta, Deretic, Vojo, Elazar, Zvulun, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Finkbeiner, Steven, Fueyo-Margareto, Juan, Gewirtz, David, Jaattela, Marja, Kroemer, Guido, Levine, Beth, Melia, Thomas J, Mizushima, Noboru, Rubinsztein, David C, Simonsen, Anne, Thorburn, Andrew, Thumm, Michael, and Tooze, Sharon A
- Abstract
The study of autophagy is rapidly expanding, and our knowledge of the molecular mechanism and its connections to a wide range of physiological processes has increased substantially in the past decade. The vocabulary associated with autophagy has grown concomitantly. In fact, it is difficult for readers--even those who work in the field--to keep up with the ever-expanding terminology associated with the various autophagy-related processes. Accordingly, we have developed a comprehensive glossary of autophagy-related terms that is meant to provide a quick reference for researchers who need a brief reminder of the regulatory effects of transcription factors and chemical agents that induce or inhibit autophagy, the function of the autophagy-related proteins, and the roles of accessory components and structures that are associated with autophagy.
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- 2011
37. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
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Klionsky, Daniel J., Abeliovich, Hagai, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrawal, Devendra K., Aliev, Giumrakch, S. Askew, David, Baba, Misuzu, H. Baehrecke, Eric, A. Bahr, Ben, Ballabio, Andrea, A. Bamber, Bruce, C. Bassham, Diane, Bergamini, Ettore, Bi, Xiaoning, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, S. Blum, Janice, E. Breclesen, Dale, L. Brodsky, Jeffrey, H. Brumell, John, Brunk, Ulf T., Bursch, Wilfried, Camougrand, Nadine, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Chen, Yingyu, Chin, Lih-Shen, Choi, Augustine, T. Chu, Charleen, Chung, Jongkyeong, G. H. Clarke, Peter, S. B. Clark, Robert, G. Clarke, Steven, Clave, Corinne, L. Cleveland, John, Codogno, Patrice, I. Colombo, Maria, Coto-Montes, Ana, M. Cregg, James, Maria Cuervo, Ana, Debnath, Jayanta, Demarchi, Francesca, B. Dennis, Patrick, A. Dennis, Phillip, Deretic, Vojo, J. Devenish, Rodney, Di Sano, Federica, Fred Dice, J., DiFiglia, Marian, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma, W. Distelhorst, Clark, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, C. Dorsey, Frank, Droege, Wulf, Dron, Michel, A. Jr. Dunn, William, Duszenko, Michael, Tony Eissa, N., Elazar, Zvulun, Esclatine, Audrey, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Fesues, Laszlo, D. Finley, Kim, M. Fuentes, Jose, Fueyo, Juan, Fujisaki, Kozo, Galliot, Brigitte, Gao, Fen-Biao, A. Gewirtz, David, B. Gibson, Spencer, Gohla, Antje, L. Goldberg, Alfred, Gonzalez, Ramon, Gonzalez-Estevez, Cristina, Gorski, Sharon, A. Gottlieb, Roberta, Haussinger, Dieter, He, You-Wen, Heidenreich, Kim, A. Hill, Joseph, Hoyer-Hansen, Maria, Hu, Xun, Huang, Wei-Pang, Iwasaki, Akiko, Jaattela, Marja, T. Jackson, William, Jiang, Xuejun, Jin, Shengkan, Johansen, Terje, U. Jung, Jae, Kadowaki, Motoni, Kang, Chanhee, Kelekar, Ameeta, H. Kessel, David, A. K. W. Kiel, Jan, Pyo Kim, Hong, Kimchi, Adi, J. Kinsella, Timothy, Kiselyov, Kirill, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Knecht, Erwin, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kondo, Seiji, L. Kovacs, Attila, Kroemer, Guido, Kuan, Chia-Yi, Kumar, Rakesh, Kundu, Mondira, Landry, Jacques, Laporte, Marianne, Le, Weidong, Lei, Huan-Yao, J. Lenardo, Michael, Levine, Beth, Lieberman, Andrew, Lim, Kah-Leong, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Liou, Willisa, F. Liu, Leroy, Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel, Lopez-Otin, Carlos, Lu, Bo, F. Macleod, Kay, Malorni, Walter, Martinet, Wim, Matsuoka, Ken, Mautner, Josef, J. Meijer, Alfred, Melendez, Alicia, Michels, Paul, Miotto, Giovanni, P. Mistiaen, Wilhelm, Mizushima, Noboru, Mograbi, Baharia, Monastyrska, Iryna, N. Moore, Michael, I. Moreira, Paula, Moriyasu, Yuji, Motyl, Tomasz, Muenz, Christian, O. Murphy, Leon, I. Naqvi, Naweed, Neufeld, Thomas, Nishino, Ichizo, A. Nixon, Ralph, Noda, Takeshi, Nuernberg, Bernd, Ogawa, Michinaga, L. Oleinick, Nancy, J. Olsen, Laura, Ozpolat, Bulent, Paglin, Shoshana, E. Palmer, Glen, Papassideri, Issidora, Parkes, Miles, H. Perlmutter, David, Perry, George, Piacentini, Mauro, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Prescott, Mark, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Raben, Nina, Rami, Abdelhaq, Reggiori, Fulvio, Rohrer, Baerbel, C. Rubinsztein, David, M. Ryan, Kevin, Sadoshima, Junichi, Sakagami, Hiroshi, Sakai, Yasuyoshi, Sandri, Marco, Sasakawa, Chihiro, Sass, Miklos, Schneider, Claudio, O. Seglen, Per, Seleverstov, Oleksandr, Settleman, Jeffre, J. Shacka, John, M. Shapiro, Irving, Sibirny, Andrei, C. M. Silva-Zacarin, Elaine, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simone, Cristiano, Simonsen, Anne, A. Smith, Mark, Spanel-Borowski, Katharina, Srinivas, Vickram, Steeves, Meredith, Stenmark, Harald, E. Stromhaug, Per, S. Subauste, Carlos, Sugimoto, Seiichiro, Sulzer, David, Suzuki, Toshihiko, S. Swanson, Michele, Takeshita, Fumihiko, J. Talbot, Nicholas., Talloczy, Zsolt, Tanaka, Keiji, Tanaka, Kozo, Tanida, Isei, S. Taylor, Graham, Paul Taylor, J., Terman, Alexei, Tettamanti, Gianluca, B. Thompson, Craig, Thumm, Michael, M. Tolkovsky, Aviva, A. Tooze, Sharon, Truant, Ray, V. Tumanovska, Lesya, Uchiyama, Yasuo, Ueno, Takashi, L. Uzcategui, Nestor, van der Klei, Ida, C. Vaquero, Eva, Vellai, Tibor, W. Vogel, Michael, Wang, Hong-Gang, Webster, Paul, W. Wiley, John, Xi, Zhijun, Xiao, Gutian, Yahalom, Joachim, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yap, George, Yin, Xiao-Min, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yu, Li, Yue, Zhenyu, Yuzaki, Michisuke, Zabirnyk, Olga, Zheng, Xiaoxiang, Zhu, Xiongwei, L. Deter, Russell, Tabas, Ira, Klionsky, Daniel J., Abeliovich, Hagai, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrawal, Devendra K., Aliev, Giumrakch, S. Askew, David, Baba, Misuzu, H. Baehrecke, Eric, A. Bahr, Ben, Ballabio, Andrea, A. Bamber, Bruce, C. Bassham, Diane, Bergamini, Ettore, Bi, Xiaoning, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, S. Blum, Janice, E. Breclesen, Dale, L. Brodsky, Jeffrey, H. Brumell, John, Brunk, Ulf T., Bursch, Wilfried, Camougrand, Nadine, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Chen, Yingyu, Chin, Lih-Shen, Choi, Augustine, T. Chu, Charleen, Chung, Jongkyeong, G. H. Clarke, Peter, S. B. Clark, Robert, G. Clarke, Steven, Clave, Corinne, L. Cleveland, John, Codogno, Patrice, I. Colombo, Maria, Coto-Montes, Ana, M. Cregg, James, Maria Cuervo, Ana, Debnath, Jayanta, Demarchi, Francesca, B. Dennis, Patrick, A. Dennis, Phillip, Deretic, Vojo, J. Devenish, Rodney, Di Sano, Federica, Fred Dice, J., DiFiglia, Marian, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma, W. Distelhorst, Clark, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, C. Dorsey, Frank, Droege, Wulf, Dron, Michel, A. Jr. Dunn, William, Duszenko, Michael, Tony Eissa, N., Elazar, Zvulun, Esclatine, Audrey, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Fesues, Laszlo, D. Finley, Kim, M. Fuentes, Jose, Fueyo, Juan, Fujisaki, Kozo, Galliot, Brigitte, Gao, Fen-Biao, A. Gewirtz, David, B. Gibson, Spencer, Gohla, Antje, L. Goldberg, Alfred, Gonzalez, Ramon, Gonzalez-Estevez, Cristina, Gorski, Sharon, A. Gottlieb, Roberta, Haussinger, Dieter, He, You-Wen, Heidenreich, Kim, A. Hill, Joseph, Hoyer-Hansen, Maria, Hu, Xun, Huang, Wei-Pang, Iwasaki, Akiko, Jaattela, Marja, T. Jackson, William, Jiang, Xuejun, Jin, Shengkan, Johansen, Terje, U. Jung, Jae, Kadowaki, Motoni, Kang, Chanhee, Kelekar, Ameeta, H. Kessel, David, A. K. W. Kiel, Jan, Pyo Kim, Hong, Kimchi, Adi, J. Kinsella, Timothy, Kiselyov, Kirill, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Knecht, Erwin, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kondo, Seiji, L. Kovacs, Attila, Kroemer, Guido, Kuan, Chia-Yi, Kumar, Rakesh, Kundu, Mondira, Landry, Jacques, Laporte, Marianne, Le, Weidong, Lei, Huan-Yao, J. Lenardo, Michael, Levine, Beth, Lieberman, Andrew, Lim, Kah-Leong, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Liou, Willisa, F. Liu, Leroy, Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel, Lopez-Otin, Carlos, Lu, Bo, F. Macleod, Kay, Malorni, Walter, Martinet, Wim, Matsuoka, Ken, Mautner, Josef, J. Meijer, Alfred, Melendez, Alicia, Michels, Paul, Miotto, Giovanni, P. Mistiaen, Wilhelm, Mizushima, Noboru, Mograbi, Baharia, Monastyrska, Iryna, N. Moore, Michael, I. Moreira, Paula, Moriyasu, Yuji, Motyl, Tomasz, Muenz, Christian, O. Murphy, Leon, I. Naqvi, Naweed, Neufeld, Thomas, Nishino, Ichizo, A. Nixon, Ralph, Noda, Takeshi, Nuernberg, Bernd, Ogawa, Michinaga, L. Oleinick, Nancy, J. Olsen, Laura, Ozpolat, Bulent, Paglin, Shoshana, E. Palmer, Glen, Papassideri, Issidora, Parkes, Miles, H. Perlmutter, David, Perry, George, Piacentini, Mauro, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Prescott, Mark, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Raben, Nina, Rami, Abdelhaq, Reggiori, Fulvio, Rohrer, Baerbel, C. Rubinsztein, David, M. Ryan, Kevin, Sadoshima, Junichi, Sakagami, Hiroshi, Sakai, Yasuyoshi, Sandri, Marco, Sasakawa, Chihiro, Sass, Miklos, Schneider, Claudio, O. Seglen, Per, Seleverstov, Oleksandr, Settleman, Jeffre, J. Shacka, John, M. Shapiro, Irving, Sibirny, Andrei, C. M. Silva-Zacarin, Elaine, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simone, Cristiano, Simonsen, Anne, A. Smith, Mark, Spanel-Borowski, Katharina, Srinivas, Vickram, Steeves, Meredith, Stenmark, Harald, E. Stromhaug, Per, S. Subauste, Carlos, Sugimoto, Seiichiro, Sulzer, David, Suzuki, Toshihiko, S. Swanson, Michele, Takeshita, Fumihiko, J. Talbot, Nicholas., Talloczy, Zsolt, Tanaka, Keiji, Tanaka, Kozo, Tanida, Isei, S. Taylor, Graham, Paul Taylor, J., Terman, Alexei, Tettamanti, Gianluca, B. Thompson, Craig, Thumm, Michael, M. Tolkovsky, Aviva, A. Tooze, Sharon, Truant, Ray, V. Tumanovska, Lesya, Uchiyama, Yasuo, Ueno, Takashi, L. Uzcategui, Nestor, van der Klei, Ida, C. Vaquero, Eva, Vellai, Tibor, W. Vogel, Michael, Wang, Hong-Gang, Webster, Paul, W. Wiley, John, Xi, Zhijun, Xiao, Gutian, Yahalom, Joachim, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yap, George, Yin, Xiao-Min, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yu, Li, Yue, Zhenyu, Yuzaki, Michisuke, Zabirnyk, Olga, Zheng, Xiaoxiang, Zhu, Xiongwei, L. Deter, Russell, and Tabas, Ira
- Abstract
Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
- Published
- 2008
38. Connecting endoplasmic reticulum stress to autophagy by unfolded protein response and calcium
- Author
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Høyer-Hansen, M., Jaattela, Marja Helena, Høyer-Hansen, M., and Jaattela, Marja Helena
- Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: 2007/9
- Published
- 2007
39. AMP-activated protein kinase - A universal regulator of autophagy?
- Author
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Hoyer-Hansen, M., Jaattela, Marja Helena, Hoyer-Hansen, M., and Jaattela, Marja Helena
- Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: 2007/7
- Published
- 2007
40. Vincristine induces dramatic lysosomal changes and sensitizes cancer cells to lysosome-destabilizing siramesine
- Author
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Groth-Pedersen, L., Ostenfeld, M.S., Høyer-Hansen, M., Nylandsted, J., Jaattela, Marja Helena, Groth-Pedersen, L., Ostenfeld, M.S., Høyer-Hansen, M., Nylandsted, J., and Jaattela, Marja Helena
- Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: 2007/3/1
- Published
- 2007
41. Control of macroautophagy by calcium, calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-beta, and Bcl-2
- Author
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Høyer-Hansen, M., Bastholm, L., Szyniarowski, P., Campanella, M., Szabadkai, G., Farkas, T., Bianchi, K., Fehrenbacher, N., Elling, F., Rizzuto, R., Mathiasen, I.S., Jaattela, Marja Helena, Høyer-Hansen, M., Bastholm, L., Szyniarowski, P., Campanella, M., Szabadkai, G., Farkas, T., Bianchi, K., Fehrenbacher, N., Elling, F., Rizzuto, R., Mathiasen, I.S., and Jaattela, Marja Helena
- Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: 2007/1/26
- Published
- 2007
42. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor is an Hsp70-2 regulated guardian of lysosomal stability in human cancer
- Author
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Daugaard, M., Kirkegaard-Sørensen, T., Ostenfeld, M.S., Aaboe, M., Høyer-Hansen, M., Orntoft, T.F., Rohde, Marianne Daniel, Jaattela, Marja Helena, Daugaard, M., Kirkegaard-Sørensen, T., Ostenfeld, M.S., Aaboe, M., Høyer-Hansen, M., Orntoft, T.F., Rohde, Marianne Daniel, and Jaattela, Marja Helena
- Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: 2007/3/15
- Published
- 2007
43. Apoptosome-independent activation of the lysosomal cell death pathway by caspase-9
- Author
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Gyrd-Hansen, Mads, Farkas, T., Fehrenbacher, N., Bastholm, L., Høyer-Hansen, M., Elling, F., Wallach, D., Flavell, R., Kroemer, G., Nylandsted, J., Jaattela, Marja, Gyrd-Hansen, Mads, Farkas, T., Fehrenbacher, N., Bastholm, L., Høyer-Hansen, M., Elling, F., Wallach, D., Flavell, R., Kroemer, G., Nylandsted, J., and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: 2006/11
- Published
- 2006
44. Depletion of the AP-1 repressor JDP2 induces cell death similar to apoptosis
- Author
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Lerdrup, Mads, Holmberg, Christian Henrik, Dietrich, Nikolaj, Shaulian, E., Herdegen, T., Jaattela, Marja, Kallunki, T., Lerdrup, Mads, Holmberg, Christian Henrik, Dietrich, Nikolaj, Shaulian, E., Herdegen, T., Jaattela, Marja, and Kallunki, T.
- Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: 15 August 2005, JDP2 is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that efficiently represses the activity of the transcription factor AP-1. Thus far, all studies of JDP2 function have relied on the ectopic expression of the protein. In this study, we use a different approach: depletion of JDP2 from cells. Specific depletion of JDP2 resulted in p53-independent cell death that resembles apoptosis and was evident at 72 h. The death mechanism was caspase dependent as the cells could be rescued by treatment with caspase inhibitor zVAD. Our studies suggest that JDP2 functions as a general survival protein, not only following UV-irradiation, as reported earlier, but also under normal culture conditions. Thus, our data support that JDP2 is a cellular survival protein whose presence is necessary for normal cellular function.
- Published
- 2005
45. Caspase-independent cell death in T lymphocytes.
- Author
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Jaattela, Marja and Tschopp, Jurg
- Subjects
- *
CELL death , *T cells , *ENZYMES - Abstract
T lymphocyte death is essential for proper function of the immune system. During the decline of an immune response, most of the activated T cells die. Cell death is also responsible for eliminating autoreactive lymphocytes. Although recent studies have focused on caspase-dependent apoptotic signals, much evidence now shows that caspase- independent, necrotic cell death pathways are as important. An understanding of the molecular control of these alternative pathways is beginning to emerge. Damage of organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum or lysozymes, leading to an increase in calcium and reactive oxygen species and the release of effector proteins, is frequently involved in caspase-independent cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
46. E2F activity is essential for survival of Myc-overexpressing human cancer cells.
- Author
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Santoni-Rugiu, Eric, Duro, Dominique, Farkas, Thomas, Mathiasen, Ida S., Jaattela, Marja, Bartek, Jiri, and Lukas, Jiri
- Subjects
APOPTOSIS ,TUMORS ,OSTEOSARCOMA - Abstract
Investigates the relationship between c-Myc and the ARF-p53 apoptotic pathway in human tumor cells. Information on the survival properties of inducible c-Myc overexpressing cell lines derived from osteosarcoma U2OS cells; Examination of the involvement of endogenous E2F activity in the survival of Myc-overexpressing tumor cells; Effect of E2F activity depletion via overexpression of E2F binding site oligonucleotides on U2OS-Myc cells.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Cathepsin B mediates tumor necrosis factor-induced arachidonic acid release in tumor cells.
- Author
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Foghsgaard, Lasse, Lademann, Ulrik, Wissing, Dorte, Poulsen, Birgit, and Jaattela, Marja
- Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) generated by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) has been suggested to function as a second messenger in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced death signaling. Here, we show that cathepsin B-like proteases are required for the TNF-induced AA release in transformed cells. Pharmaceutical inhibitors of cathepsin B blocked TNF-induced AA release in human breast (MCF-7S1) and cervix (ME-180as) carcinoma as well as murine fibrosarcoma (WEHI-S) cells. Furthermore, TNF-induced AA release was significantly reduced in cathepsin B-deficient immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts. Employing cPLA2-deficient MCF-7S1 cells expressing ectopic cPLA2 or cPLA2-deficient immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts, we showed that cPLA2 is dispensable for TNF-induced AA release and death in these cells. Furthermore, TNF-induced cathepsin B-dependent AA release could be dissociated from the cathepsin B-independent cell death in MCF-7S1 cells, whereas both events required cathepsin B activity in other cell lines tested. These data suggest that cathepsin B inhibitors may prove useful not only in the direct control of cell death but also in limiting the damage-associated inflammation.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
- Author
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Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal, Abdelfatah, Sara, Abdellatif, Mahmoud, Abdoli, Asghar, Abel, Steffen, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abildgaard, Marie H., Abudu, Yakubu Princely, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adamopoulos, Iannis E., Adeli, Khosrow, Adolph, Timon E., Adornetto, Annagrazia, Aflaki, Elma, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Anupam, Aggarwal, Bharat B., Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrewala, Javed N., Agrotis, Alexander, Aguilar, Patricia, V, Ahmad, S. Tariq, Ahmed, Zubair M., Ahumada-Castro, Ulises, Aits, Sonja, Aizawa, Shu, Akkoc, Yunus, Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd, Ahmed M., Al-Akra, Lina, Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay A., Alberti, Simon, Alcocer-Gomez, Elisabet, Alessandri, Cristiano, Ali, Muhammad, Al-Bari, M. Abdul Alim, Aliwaini, Saeb, Alizadeh, Javad, Almacellas, Eugenia, Almasan, Alexandru, Alonso, Alicia, Alonso, Guillermo D., Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario C., Alves, Sara, da Costa, Cristine Alves, Alzaharna, Mazen M., Amadio, Marialaura, Amantini, Consuelo, Amaral, Cristina, Ambrosio, Susanna, Amer, Amal O., Ammanathan, Veena, An, Zhenyi, Andersen, Stig U., Andrabi, Shaida A., Andrade-Silva, Magaiver, Andres, Allen M., Angelini, Sabrina, Ann, David, Anozie, Uche C., Ansari, Mohammad Y., Antas, Pedro, Antebi, Adam, Anton, Zurine, Anwar, Tahira, Apetoh, Lionel, Apostolova, Nadezda, Araki, Toshiyuki, Araki, Yasuhiro, Arasaki, Kohei, Araujo, Wagner L., Araya, Jun, Arden, Catherine, Arevalo, Maria-Angeles, Arguelles, Sandro, Arias, Esperanza, Arikkath, Jyothi, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen R., Armstrong-James, Darius, Arnaune-Pelloquin, Laetitia, Aroca, Angeles, Arroyo, Daniela S., Arsov, Ivica, Artero, Ruben, Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia, Aschner, Michael, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Ashur-Fabian, Osnat, Atanasov, Atanas G., Au, Alicia K., Auberger, Patrick, Auner, Holger W., Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Avalos, Yenniffer, Aveic, Sanja, Aveleira, Celia Alexandra, AvinWittenberg, Tamar, Aydin, Yucel, Ayton, Scott, Ayyadevara, Srinivas, Azzopardi, Maria, Baba, Misuzu, Backer, Jonathan M., Backues, Steven K., Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric H., Baek, Ahruem, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baek, Sung Hee, Bagetta, Giacinto, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xiyuan, Bai, Yidong, Bairagi, Nandadulal, Baksi, Shounak, Balbi, Teresa, Baldari, Cosima T., Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Ballester, Maria, Balazadeh, Salma, Balzan, Rena, Bandopadhyay, Rina, Banerjee, Sreeparna, Banerjee, Sulagna, Bao, Yan, Baptista, Mauricio S., Baracca, Alessandra, Barbati, Cristiana, Bargiela, Ariadna, Barila, Daniela, Barlow, Peter G., Barmada, Sami J., Barreiro, Esther, Barreto, George E., Bartek, Jiri, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Barve, Gaurav R., Basagoudanavar, Suresh H., Bassham, Diane C., Jr, Robert C. Bast, Basu, Alakananda, Batoko, Henri, Batten, Isabella, Baulieu, Etienne E., Baumgarner, Bradley L., Bayry, Jagadeesh, Beale, Rupert, Beau, Isabelle, Beaumatin, Florian, Bechara, Luiz R. G., Beck, George R., Jr., Beers, Michael F., Begun, Jakob, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg M. N., Bei, Roberto, Bejarano, Eloy, Bel, Shai, Behl, Christian, Belaid, Amine, Belgareh-Touze, Naima, Bellarosa, Cristina, Belleudi, Francesca, Bello Perez, Melissa, Bello-Morales, Raquel, de Oliveira Beltran, Jackeline Soares, Beltran, Sebastian, Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius, Mykolas, Benitez, Bruno A., Benito-Cuesta, Irene, Bensalem, Julien, Berchtold, Martin W., Berezowska, Sabina, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Bergmann, Andreas, Berliocchi, Laura, Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse, Bernard, Amelie, Berthoux, Lionel, Besirli, Cagri G., Besteiro, Sebastien, Betin, Virginie M., Beyaert, Rudi, Bezbradica, Jelena S., Bhaskar, Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Resham, Bhattacharya, Sujoy, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin, Bhutia, Sujit Kumar, Bi, Lanrong, Bi, Xiaolin, Biden, Trevor J., Bijian, Krikor, Billes, Viktor A., Binart, Nadine, Bincoletto, Claudia, Birgisdottir, Asa B., Bjorkoy, Geir, Blanco, Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia, Ana, Blasiak, Janusz, Blomgran, Robert, Blomgren, Klas, Blum, Janice S., Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta, BoeszeBattaglia, Kathleen, Boeuf, Philippe, Boland, Barry, Bomont, Pascale, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili, Laura, Bonifacino, Juan S., Boone, Brian A., Bootman, Martin D., Bordi, Matteo, Borner, Christoph, Bornhauser, Beat C., Borthakur, Gautam, Bosch, Jurgen, Bose, Santanu, Botana, Luis M., Botas, Juan, Boulanger, Chantal M., Boulton, Michael E., Bourdenx, Mathieu, Bourgeois, Benjamin, Bourke, Nollaig M., Bousquet, Guilhem, Boya, Patricia, Bozhkov, Peter, V, Bozi, Luiz H. M., Bozkurt, Tolga O., Brackney, Doug E., Brandts, Christian H., Braun, Ralf J., Braus, Gerhard H., Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Bravo-San Pedro, Jose M., Brest, Patrick, Bringer, Marie-Agnes, Briones-Herrera, Alfredo, Broaddus, V. Courtney, Brodersen, Peter, Alvarez, Elida M. C., Brodsky, Jeffrey L., Brody, Steven L., Bronson, Paola G., Bronstein, Jeff M., Brown, Carolyn N., Brown, Rhoderick E., Brum, Patricia C., Brumell, John H., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bruno, Daniele, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J., Bucci, Cecilia, Buchrieser, Carmen, Bueno, Marta, Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa, Buraschi, Simone, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, J. Ross, Buckingham, Erin M., Budak, Hikmet, Budini, Mauricio, Bultynck, Geert, Burada, Florin, Burgoyne, Joseph R., Buron, M. Isabel, Bustos, Victor, Buttner, Sabrina, Butturini, Elena, Byrd, Aaron, Cabas, Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra, Cadwell, Ken, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Lu, Cai, Qian, Cairo, Montserrat, Calbet, Jose A., Caldwell, Guy A., Caldwell, Kim A., Call, Jarrod A., Calvani, Riccardo, Calvo, Ana C., Barrera, Miguel Calvo-Rubio, Camara, Niels Os, Camonis, Jacques H., Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Edward M., Campbell-Valois, Francois-Xavier, Campello, Silvia, Campesi, Ilaria, Campos, Juliane C., Camuzard, Olivier, Cancino, Jorge, de Almeida, Danilo Candido, Canesi, Laura, Caniggia, Isabella, Canonico, Barbara, Canti, Carles, Cao, Bin, Caraglia, Michele, Carames, Beatriz, Carchman, Evie H., Cardenal-Munoz, Elena, Cardenas, Cesar, Cardenas, Luis, Cardoso, Sandra M., Carew, Jennifer S., Carle, Georges F., Carleton, Gillian, Carloni, Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia A., Carnevali, Oliana, Carosi, Julian M., Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carrier, Lucie, Carroll, Bernadette, Carter, A. Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves, Casanova, Magali, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassioli, Chiara, Castillo, Eliseo F., Castillo, Karen, Castillo-Lluva, Sonia, Castoldi, Francesca, Castori, Marco, Castro, Ariel F., Castro-Caldas, Margarida, Castro-Hernandez, Javier, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Catz, Sergio D., Cavadas, Claudia, Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella, Cavinato, Maria, Cayuela, Maria L., Rica, Paula Cebollada, Cecarini, Valentina, Cecconi, Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Cenci, Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafre, Victoria, Cerqueira, Joao J., Cerutti, Janete M., Cervia, Davide, Cetintas, Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei S., Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chakrabarti, Oishee, Chakraborty, Tapas, Chakraborty, Trinad, Chami, Mounia, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, David W., Chan, Edmond Y. W., Chan, Edward D., Chan, H. Y. Edwin, Chan, Helen H., Chan, Hung, Chan, Matthew T., V, Chan, Yau Sang, Chandra, Partha K., Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Chunmei, Chang, Hao-Chun, Chang, Kai, Chao, Jie, Chapman, Tracey, Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas, Chatterjee, Samrat, Chaube, Shail K., Chaudhary, Anu, Chauhan, Santosh, Chaum, Edward, Checler, Frederic, Cheetham, Michael E., Chen, ChangShi, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Jian-Fu, Chen, Liam L., Chen, Leilei, Chen, Lin, Chen, Mingliang, Chen, MuKuan, Chen, Ning, Chen, Quan, Chen, Ruey-Hwa, Chen, Shi, Chen, Wei, Chen, Weiqiang, Chen, XinMing, Chen, Xiong-Wen, Chen, Xu, Chen, Yan, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, YuJen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Zhefan Stephen, Chen, Zhi, Chen, Zhi-Hua, Chen, Zhijian J., Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Hanhua, Cheng, Jun, Cheng, Shi-Yuan, Cheng, Wei, Cheng, Xiaodong, Cheng, Xiu-Tang, Cheng, Yiyun, Cheng, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhong, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jit Kong, Chernyak, Boris, V, Cherry, Sara, Cheung, Chi Fai Randy, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Cheung, King-Ho, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Richard J., Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing, Chiaradonna, Ferdinando, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chica, Nathalia, Chiocca, Susanna, Chiong, Mario, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chiramel, Abhilash, I, Chiurchiu, Valerio, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choe, Seong-Kyu, Choi, Augustine M. K., Choi, Mary E., Choudhury, Kamalika Roy, Chow, Norman S., Chu, Charleen T., Chua, Jason P., Chua, John Jia En, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Kin Pan, Chung, Seockhoon, Chung, So-Hyang, Chung, Yuen-Li, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciechomska, Iwona A., Cifuentes, Mariana, Cinque, Laura, Cirak, Sebahattin, Cirone, Mara, Clague, Michael J., Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Coccia, Eliana M., Codogno, Patrice, Cohen, Ehud, Cohen, Mickael M., Colasanti, Tania, Colasuonno, Fiorella, Colbert, Robert A., Colell, Anna, Coll, Nuria S., Collins, Mark O., Colombo, Maria, I, Colon-Ramos, Daniel A., Combaret, Lydie, Comincini, Sergio, Cominetti, Marcia R., Consiglio, Antonella, Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio, Contu, Viorica Raluca, Cookson, Mark R., Coombs, Kevin M., Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corkery, Dale P., Cordes, Nils, Cortese, Katia, Costa, Maria do Carmo, Costantino, Sarah, Costelli, Paola, Coto-Montes, Ana, Crack, Peter J., Crespo, Jose L., Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cristofani, Riccardo, Csizmadia, Tamas, Cuadrado, Antonio, Cui, Bing, Cui, Jun, Cui, Yixian, Cui, Yong, Culetto, Emmanuel, Cumino, Andrea C., Cybulsky, Andrey, V, Czaja, Mark J., Czuczwar, Stanislaw J., D'Adamo, Stefania, D'Amelio, Marcello, D'Arcangelo, Daniela, D'Lugos, Andrew C., D'Orazi, Gabriella, da Silva, James A., Dafsari, Hormos Salimi, Dagda, Ruben K., Dagdas, Yasin, Daglia, Maria, Dai, Xiaoxia, Dai, Yun, Dai, Yuyuan, Dal Col, Jessica, Dalhaimer, Paul, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dallenga, Tobias, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Damme, Markus, Dando, Ilaria, Dantuma, Nico P., Darling, April L., Das, Hiranmoy, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasari, Santosh K., Dash, Srikanta, Daumke, Oliver, Dauphinee, Adrian N., Davies, Jeffrey S., Davila, Valeria A., Davis, Roger J., Davis, Tanja, Naidu, Sharadha Dayalan, De Amicis, Francesca, De Bosscher, Karolien, De Felice, Francesca, De Franceschi, Lucia, De Leonibus, Chiara, de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara G., De Meyer, Guido R. Y., De Milito, Angelo, De Nunzio, Cosimo, De Palma, Clara, De Santi, Mauro, De Virgilio, Claudio, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, DeBosch, Brian J., Decuypere, JeanPaul, Deehan, Mark A., Deflorian, Gianluca, DeGregori, James, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Rio, Gabriel, Delaney, Joe R., Delbridge, Lea M. D., Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Delpino, M. Victoria, Demarchi, Francesca, Dembitz, Vilma, Demers, Nicholas D., Deng, Hongbin, Deng, Zhiqiang, Dengjel, Joern, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, DePamphilis, Melvin L., Der, Channing J., Deretic, Vojo, Descoteaux, Albert, Devis, Laura, Devkota, Sushil, Devuyst, Olivier, Dewson, Grant, Dharmasivam, Mahendiran, Dhiman, Rohan, di Bernardo, Diego, Di Cristina, Manlio, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Fazio, Pietro, Di Fonzo, Alessio, Di Guardo, Giovanni, Di Guglielmo, Gianni M., Di Leo, Luca, Di Malta, Chiara, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Rienzo, Martina, Di Sano, Federica, Diallinas, George, Diao, Jiajie, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Diaz-Laviada, Ines, Dickinson, Jared M., Diederich, Marc, Dieude, Melanie, Dikic, Ivan, Ding, Shiping, Ding, Wen-Xing, Dini, Luciana, Dinic, Miroslav, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T., Dionne, Marc S., Distler, Jorg H. W., Diwan, Abhinav, Dixon, Ian M. C., Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dobrinski, Ina, Dobrovinskaya, Oxana, Dobrowolski, Radek, Dobson, Renwick C. J., Emre, Serap Dokmeci, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, Bo, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zhiwu, Ii, Gerald W. Dorn, Dotsch, Volker, Dou, Huan, Dou, Juan, Dowaidar, Moataz, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Ailian, Du, Caigan, Du, Guangwei, Du, Hai-Ning, Du, Li-Lin, du Toit, Andre, Duan, Shao-Bin, Duan, Xiaoqiong, Duarte, Sonia P., Dubrovska, Anna, Dunlop, Elaine A., Dupont, Nicolas, Duran, Raul, V, Dwarakanath, Bilikere S., Dyshlovoy, Sergey A., Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles L., Efferth, Thomas, Eftekharpour, Eftekhar, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eid, Nabil, Eisenberg, Tobias, Eissa, N. Tony, Eissa, Sanaa, Ejarque, Miriam, El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar, El-Hage, Nazira, El-Naggar, Shahenda, Eleuteri, Anna Maria, El-Shafey, Eman S., Elgendy, Mohamed, Eliopoulos, Aristides G., Elizalde, Maria M., Elks, Philip M., Elsasser, Hans-Peter, Elsherbiny, Eslam S., Emerling, Brooke M., Emre, N. C. Tolga, Eng, Christina H., Engedal, Nikolai, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelsen, Agnete S. T., Enserink, Jorrit M., Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Facchiano, Francesco, Fadeel, Bengt, Fader, Claudio, Faesen, Alex C., Fairlie, W. Douglas, Falco, Alberto, Falkenburger, Bjorn H., Fan, Daping, Fan, Jie, Fan, Yanbo, Fang, Evandro F., Fang, Yanshan, Fang, Yognqi, Fanto, Manolis, Farfel-Becker, Tamar, Faure, Mathias, Fazeli, Gholamreza, Fedele, Anthony O., Feldman, Arthur M., Feng, Du, Feng, Jiachun, Feng, Lifeng, Feng, Yibin, Feng, Yuchen, Feng, Wei, Araujo, Thais Fenz, Ferguson, Thomas A., Fernandez-Checa, Jose C., FernandezVeledo, Sonia, Fernie, Alisdair R., Ferrante, Anthony W., Jr., Ferraresi, Alessandra, Ferrari, Merari F., Ferreira, Julio C. B., Ferro-Novick, Susan, Figueras, Antonio, Filadi, Riccardo, Filigheddu, Nicoletta, FilippiChiela, Eduardo, Filomeni, Giuseppe, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fineschi, Vittorio, Finetti, Francesca, Finkbeiner, Steven, Fisher, Edward A., Fisher, Paul B., Flamigni, Flavio, Fliesler, Steven J., Flo, Trude H., Florance, Ida, Florey, Oliver, Florio, Tullio, Fodor, Erika, Follo, Carlo, Fon, Edward A., Forlino, Antonella, Fornai, Francesco, Fortini, Paola, Fracassi, Anna, Fraldi, Alessandro, Franco, Brunella, Franco, Rodrigo, Franconi, Flavia, Frankel, Lisa B., Friedman, Scott L., Frohlich, Leopold F., Fruhbeck, Gema, Fuentes, Jose M., Fujiki, Yukio, Fujita, Naonobu, Fujiwara, Yuuki, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Fulda, Simone, Furic, Luc, Furuya, Norihiko, Fusco, Carmela, Gack, Michaela U., Gaffke, Lidia, Galadari, Sehamuddin, Galasso, Alessia, Galindo, Maria F., Kankanamalage, Sachith Gallolu, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galy, Vincent, Gammoh, Noor, Gan, Boyi, Ganley, Ian G., Gao, Feng, Gao, Hui, Gao, Minghui, Gao, Ping, Gao, Shou-Jiang, Gao, Wentao, Gao, Xiaobo, Garcera, Ana, Garcia, Maria Noe, Garcia, Veronica E., Garcia-Del Portillo, Francisco, Garcia-Escudero, Vega, GarciaGarcia, Aracely, Garcia-Macia, Marina, Garcia-Moreno, Diana, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, Garcia-Sanz, Patricia, Garg, Abhishek D., Gargini, Ricardo, Garofalo, Tina, Garry, Robert F., Gassen, Nils C., Gatica, Damian, Ge, Liang, Ge, Wanzhong, Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth, Gelfi, Cecilia, Genschik, Pascal, Gentle, Ian E., Gerbino, Valeria, Gerhardt, Christoph, Germain, Kyla, Germain, Marc, Gewirtz, David A., Afshar, Elham Ghasemipour, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghigo, Alessandra, Ghosh, Manosij, Giamas, Georgios, Giampietri, Claudia, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, Gibson, Gary E., Gibson, Spencer B., Ginet, Vanessa, Giniger, Edward, Giorgi, Carlotta, Girao, Henrique, Girardin, Stephen E., Giridharan, Mridhula, Giuliano, Sandy, Giulivi, Cecilia, Giuriato, Sylvie, Giustiniani, Julien, Gluschko, Alexander, Goder, Veit, Goginashvili, Alexander, Golab, Jakub, Goldstone, David C., Golebiewska, Anna, Gomes, Luciana R., Gomez, Rodrigo, Gomez-Sanchez, Ruben, Gomez-Puerto, Maria Catalina, Gomez-Sintes, Raquel, Gong, Qingqiu, Goni, Felix M., Gonzalez-Gallego, Javier, Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tomas, Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa A., Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose A., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Patricia, Goping, Ing Swie, Gorbatyuk, Marina S., Gorbunov, Nikolai, V, Gorojod, Roxana M., Gorski, Sharon M., Goruppi, Sandro, Gotor, Cecilia, Gottlieb, Roberta A., Gozes, Illana, Gozuacik, Devrim, Graef, Martin, Graler, Markus H., Granatiero, Veronica, Grasso, Daniel, Gray, Joshua P., Green, Douglas R., Greenhough, Alexander, Gregory, Stephen L., Griffin, Edward F., Grinstaff, Mark W., Gros, Frederic, Grose, Charles, Gross, Angelina S., Gruber, Florian, Grumati, Paolo, Grune, Tilman, Gu, Xueyan, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guardia, Carlos M., Guda, Kishore, Guerra, Flora, Guerri, Consuelo, Guha, Prasun, Guillen, Carlos, Gujar, Shashi, Gukovskaya, Anna, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Gunther, Andreas, Guntur, Anyonya R., Guo, Chuanyong, Guo, Chun, Guo, Hongqing, Guo, Lian-Wang, Guo, Ming, Gupta, Pawan, Fernandez, Alvaro F., Gupta, Shashi Kumar, Gupta, Swapnil, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek, Gustafsson, Asa B., Gutterman, David D., Ranjitha, H. B., Haapasalo, Annakaisa, Haber, James E., Hadano, Shinji, Hafren, Anders J., Haidar, Mansour, Hall, Belinda S., Hallden, Gunnel, Hamacher-Brady, Anne, Hamann, Andrea, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Weidong, Hansen, Malene, Hanson, Phyllis, I, Hao, Zijian, Harada, Masaru, Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica, Hariharan, Nirmala, Haroon, Nigil, Harris, James, Hasegawa, Takafumi, Nagoor, Noor Hasima, Haspel, Jeffrey A., Haucke, Volker, Hawkins, Wayne D., Hay, Bruce A., Haynes, Cole M., Hayrabedyan, Soren B., Hays, Thomas S., He, Congcong, He, Qin, He, RongRong, He, You-Wen, He, Yu-Ying, Heakal, Yasser, Heberle, Alexander M., Hejtmancik, J. Fielding, Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir, Henkel, Vanessa, Herb, Marc, Hergovich, Alexander, Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna, Hernandez, Agustin, Hernandez, Carlos, Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio, Hernandez-Gea, Virginia, Herpin, Amaury, Herreros, Judit, Hervas, Javier H., Hesselson, Daniel, Hetz, Claudio, Heussler, Volker T., Higuchi, Yujiro, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A., Hlavacek, William S., Ho, Emmanuel A., Ho, Idy H. T., Ho, Philip Wing-Lok, Ho, ShuLeong, Ho, Wan Yun, Hobbs, G. Aaron, Hochstrasser, Mark, Hoet, Peter H. M., Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Hohn, Annika, Holmberg, Carina, I, Hombrebueno, Jose R., Hong, Chang-Won, Hong, Yi-Ren, Hooper, Lora, V, Hoppe, Thorsten, Horos, Rastislav, Hoshida, Yujin, Hsin, I-Lun, Hsu, Hsin-Yun, Hu, Bing, Hu, Dong, Hu, Li-Fang, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Ronggui, Hu, Wei, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Jinlian, Hua, Yingqi, Huan, Chongmin, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Chuanshu, Huang, Chuanxin, Huang, Chunling, Huang, Haishan, Huang, Kun, Huang, Michael L. H., Huang, Rui, Huang, Shan, Huang, Tianzhi, Huang, Xing, Huang, Yuxiang Jack, Huber, Tobias B., Hubert, Virginie, Hubner, Christian A., Hughes, Stephanie M., Hughes, William E., Humbert, Magali, Hummer, Gerhard, Hurley, James H., Hussain, Sabah, Hussain, Salik, Hussey, Patrick J., Hutabarat, Martina, Hwang, Hui-Yun, Hwang, Seungmin, Ieni, Antonio, Ikeda, Fumiyo, Imagawa, Yusuke, Imai, Yuzuru, Imbriano, Carol, Imoto, Masaya, Inman, Denise M., Inoki, Ken, Iovanna, Juan, Iozzo, Renato, V, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Irazoqui, Javier E., Iribarren, Pablo, Ishaq, Mohd, Ishikawa, Makoto, Ishimwe, Nestor, Isidoro, Ciro, Ismail, Nahed, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, Itakura, Eisuke, Ito, Daisuke, Ivankovic, Davor, Ivanova, Saska, Iyer, Anand Krishnan, V, Izquierdo, Jose M., Izumi, Masanori, Jaattela, Marja, Jabir, Majid Sakhi, Jackson, William T., Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia, Jacomin, Anne-Claire, Jacquin, Elise, Jadiya, Pooja, Jaeschke, Hartmut, Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jakobi, Arjen J., Jakobsson, Johan, Janji, Bassam, JansenDurr, Pidder, Jansson, Patric J., Jantsch, Jonathan, Jassey, Alagie, Jean, Steve, JeltschDavid, Helene, Jendelova, Pavla, Jenny, Andreas, Jensen, Thomas E., Jessen, Niels, Jewell, Jenna L., Ji, Jing, Jia, Lijun, Jia, Rui, Jiang, Liwen, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Richeng, Jiang, Teng, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Yu, Jimenez-Sanchez, Maria, Jin, Eun-Jung, Jin, Fengyan, Jin, Hongchuan, Jin, Li, Jin, Luqi, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Si, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, Joffre, Carine, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Gail V. W., Johnston, Simon A., Jokitalo, Eija, Jolly, Mohit Kumar, Joosten, Leo A. B., Jordan, Joaquin, Joseph, Bertrand, Ju, Dianwen, Ju, Jeong-Sun, Ju, Jingfang, Juarez, Esmeralda, Judith, Delphine, Juhasz, Gabor, Jun, Youngsoo, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, SungChul, Jung, Yong Keun, Jungbluth, Heinz, Jungverdorben, Johannes, Just, Steffen, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kaganovich, Daniel, Kahana, Alon, Kain, Renate, Kajimura, Shinjo, Kalamvoki, Maria, Kalia, Manjula, Kalinowski, Danuta S., Kaludercic, Nina, Kalvari, Ioanna, Kaminska, Joanna, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kanasaki, Keizo, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Rui, Kang, Sang Sun, Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., Kanthasamy, Arthi, Kantorow, Marc, Kapuy, Orsolya, Karamouzis, Michalis, V, Karim, Md Razaul, Karmakar, Parimal, Katare, Rajesh G., Kato, Masaru, Kaufmann, Stefan H. E., Kauppinen, Anu, Kaushal, Gur P., Kaushik, Susmita, Kawasaki, Kiyoshi, Kazan, Kemal, Ke, Po-Yuan, Keating, Damien J., Keber, Ursula, Kehrl, John H., Keller, Kate E., Keller, Christian W., Kemper, Jongsook Kim, Kenific, Candia M., Kepp, Oliver, Kermorgant, Stephanie, Kern, Andreas, Ketteler, Robin, Keulers, Tom G., Khalfin, Boris, Khalil, Hany, Khambu, Bilon, Khan, Shahid Y., Khandelwal, Vinoth Kumar Megraj, Khandia, Rekha, Kho, Widuri, Khobrekar, Noopur, V, Khuansuwan, Sataree, Khundadze, Mukhran, Killackey, Samuel A., Kim, Dasol, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Eun, Kim, Eun Young, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, HakRim, Kim, Hee-Sik, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Kyung, Kim, Jin-Hoi, Kim, Joungmok, Kim, Ju Hwan, Il Kim, Keun, Kim, Peter K., Kim, Seong-Jun, Kimball, Scot R., Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C., Kimura, Tomonori, King, Matthew A., Kinghorn, Kerri J., Kinsey, Conan G., Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., Kiselev, Sergey L., Kishi, Shuji, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitaoka, Yasushi, Kitazato, Kaio, Kitsis, Richard N., Kittler, Josef T., Kjaerulff, Ole, Klein, Peter S., Klopstock, Thomas, Klucken, Jochen, Knovelsrud, Helene, Knorr, Roland L., Ko, Ben C. B., Ko, Fred, Ko, JiunnLiang, Kobayashi, Hotaka, Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Ina, Koch, Jan C., Koenig, Ulrich, Kogel, Donat, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Kohlwein, Sepp D., Kocaturk, Nur M., Komatsu, Masaaki, Konig, Jeannette, Kono, Toru, Kopp, Benjamin T., Korcsmaros, Tamas, Korkmaz, Gozde, Korolchuk, Viktor, I, Korsnes, Monica Suarez, Koskela, Ali, Kota, Janaiah, Kotake, Yaichiro, Kotler, Monica L., Kou, Yanjun, Koukourakis, Michael, I, Koustas, Evangelos, Kovacs, Attila L., Kovacs, Tibor, Koya, Daisuke, Kozako, Tomohiro, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Kramer, Helmut, Krasnodembskaya, Anna D., Kretz-Remy, Carole, Kroemer, Guido, Ktistakis, Nicholas T., Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki, Kuenen, Sabine, Kuerschner, Lars, Kukar, Thomas, Kumar, Ajay, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Sharad, Kume, Shinji, Kumsta, Caroline, Kundu, Chanakya N., Kundu, Mondira, Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B., Kurgan, Lukasz, Kutateladze, Tatiana G., Kutlu, Ozlem, Kwak, SeongAe, Kwon, Ho Jeong, Kwon, Taeg Kyu, Kwon, Yong Tae, Kyrmizi, Irene, La Spada, Albert, Labonte, Patrick, Ladoire, Sylvain, Laface, Ilaria, Lafont, Frank, Lagace, Diane C., Lahiri, Vikramjit, Lai, Zhibing, Laird, Angela S., Lakkaraju, Aparna, Lamark, Trond, Lan, Sheng-Hui, Landajuela, Ane, Lane, Darius J. R., Lane, Jon D., Lang, Charles H., Lange, Carsten, Langer, Rupert, Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn, LaRusso, Nicholas F., Lastres-Becker, Isabel, Lau, Wilson Chun Yu, Laurie, Gordon W., Lavandero, Sergio, Law, Betty Yuen Kwan, Law, Helen Ka-wai, Layfield, Rob, Le, Weidong, Le Stunff, Herve, Leary, Alexandre Y., Lebrun, Jean-Jacques, Leck, Lionel Y. W., Leduc-Gaudet, Jean-Philippe, Lee, Changwook, Lee, Chung-Pei, Lee, Da-Hye, Lee, Edward B., Lee, Erinna F., Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Heung Kyu, Lee, Jae Man, Lee, Jason S., Lee, Jin-A, Lee, Joo-Yong, Lee, Jun Hee, Lee, Michael, Lee, Min Goo, Lee, Min Jae, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Sang Yoon, Lee, Seung-Jae, Lee, Stella Y., Lee, Sung Bae, Lee, Won Hee, Lee, Ying-Ray, Lee, Yong-ho, Lee, Youngil, Lefebvre, Christophe, Legouis, Renaud, Lei, Yu L., Lei, Yuchen, Leikin, Sergey, Leitinger, Gerd, Lemus, Leticia, Leng, Shuilong, Lenoir, Olivia, Lenz, Guido, Lenz, Heinz Josef, Lenzi, Paola, Leon, Yolanda, Leopoldino, Andreia M., Leschczyk, Christoph, Leskela, Stina, Letellier, Elisabeth, Leung, Chi-Ting, Leung, Po Sing, Leventhal, Jeremy S., Levine, Beth, Lewis, Patrick A., Ley, Klaus, Li, Bin, Li, Da-Qiang, Li, Jianming, Li, Jing, Li, Jiong, Li, Ke, Li, Liwu, Li, Mei, Li, Min, Li, Ming, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Pin-Lan, Li, MingQing, Li, Qing, Li, Sheng, Li, Tiangang, Li, Wei, Li, Wenming, Li, Xue, Li, Yi-Ping, Li, Yuan, Li, Zhiqiang, Li, Zhiyong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lian, Jiqin, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liang, Weicheng, Liang, Yongheng, Liang, YongTian, Liao, Guanghong, Liao, Lujian, Liao, Mingzhi, Liao, Yung-Feng, Librizzi, Mariangela, Lie, Pearl P. Y., Lilly, Mary A., Lim, Hyunjung J., Lima, Thania R. R., Limana, Federica, Lin, Chao, Lin, Chih-Wen, Lin, Dar-Shong, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jiandie D., Lin, Kurt M., Lin, Kwang-Huei, Lin, Liang-Tzung, Lin, Pei-Hui, Lin, Qiong, Lin, Shaofeng, Lin, Su-Ju, Lin, Wenyu, Lin, Xueying, Lin, Yao-Xin, Lin, Yee-Shin, Linden, Rafael, Lindner, Paula, Ling, Shuo-Chien, Lingor, Paul, Linnemann, Amelia K., Liou, YihCherng, Lipinski, Marta M., Lipovsek, Saska, Lira, Vitor A., Lisiak, Natalia, Liton, Paloma B., Liu, Chao, Liu, Ching-Hsuan, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Cui Hua, Liu, Fang, Liu, Hao, Liu, Hsiao-Sheng, Liu, Hua-feng, Liu, Huifang, Liu, Jia, Liu, Jing, Liu, Julia, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Longhua, Liu, Meilian, Liu, Qin, Liu, Wei, Liu, Wende, Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xiaodong, Liu, Xingguo, Liu, Xu, Liu, Xuedong, Liu, Yanfen, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yueyang, Liu, Yule, Livingston, J. 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Patrick, Murthy, Aditya, Myohanen, Timo T., Mysorekar, Indira U., Mytych, Jennifer, Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad, Nabissi, Massimo, Nagy, Peter, Nah, Jihoon, Nahimana, Aimable, Nakagawa, Ichiro, Nakamura, Ken, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nandi, Shyam S., Nanjundan, Meera, Nanni, Monica, Napolitano, Gennaro, Nardacci, Roberta, Narita, Masashi, Nassif, Melissa, Nathan, Ilana, Natsumeda, Manabu, Naude, Ryno J., Naumann, Christin, Naveiras, Olaia, Navid, Fatemeh, Nawrocki, Steffan T., Nazarko, Taras Y., Nazio, Francesca, Negoita, Florentina, Neill, Thomas, Neisch, Amanda L., Neri, Luca M., Netea, Mihai G., Neubert, Patrick, Neufeld, Thomas P., Neumann, Dietbert, Neutzner, Albert, Newton, Phillip T., Ney, Paul A., Nezis, Ioannis P., Ng, Charlene C. W., Ng, Tzi Bun, Nguyen, Hang T. T., Nguyen, Long T., Ni, Hong-Min, Cheallaigh, Cliona Ni, Ni, Zhenhong, Nicolao, M. 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Arjuna, Ratovitski, Edward A., Ravanan, Palaniyandi, Ravegnini, Gloria, Ray, Swapan K., Razani, Babak, Rebecca, Vito, Reggiori, Fulvio, Regnier-Vigouroux, Anne, Reichert, Andreas S., Reigada, David, Reiling, Jan H., Rein, Theo, Reipert, Siegfried, Rekha, Rokeya Sultana, Ren, Hongmei, Ren, Jun, Ren, Weichao, Renault, Tristan, Renga, Giorgia, Reue, Karen, Rewitz, Kim, de Andrade Ramos, Bruna Ribeiro, Riazuddin, S. Amer, Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Teresa M., Ricci, Jean-Ehrland, Ricci, Romeo, Riccio, Victoria, Richardson, Des R., Rikihisa, Yasuko, Risbud, Makarand, V, Risueno, Ruth M., Ritis, Konstantinos, Rizza, Salvatore, Rizzuto, Rosario, Roberts, Helen C., Roberts, Luke D., Robinson, Katherine J., Roccheri, Maria Carmela, Rocchi, Stephane, Rodney, George G., Rodrigues, Tiago, Rodrigues Silva, Vagner Ramon, Rodriguez, Amaia, Rodriguez-Barrueco, Ruth, Rodriguez-Henche, Nieves, Rodriguez-Rocha, Humberto, Roelofs, Jeroen, Rogers, Robert S., Rogov, Vladimir V., Rojo, Ana, I, Rolka, Krzysztof, Romanello, Vanina, Romani, Luigina, Romano, Alessandra, Romano, Patricia S., Romeo-Guitart, David, Romero, Luis C., Romero, Montserrat, Roney, Joseph C., Rongo, Christopher, Roperto, Sante, Rosenfeldt, Mathias T., Rosenstiel, Philip, Rosenwald, Anne G., Roth, Kevin A., Roth, Lynn, Roth, Steven, Rouschop, Kasper M. 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Thomas, Sandri, Marco, Santaguida, Stefano, Santambrogio, Laura, Santana, Magda M., Santoni, Giorgio, Sanz, Alberto, Sanz, Pascual, Saran, Shweta, Sardiello, Marco, Sargeant, Timothy J., Sarin, Apurva, Sarkar, Chinmoy, Sarkar, Sovan, Sarrias, Maria-Rosa, Sarkar, Surajit, Sarmah, Dipanka Tanu, Sarparanta, Jaakko, Sathyanarayan, Aishwarya, Sathyanarayanan, Ranganayaki, Scaglione, K. 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Ivana, Scrima, Andrea, Scrivo, Aurora, Sebastian, David, Sebti, Salwa, Sedej, Simon, Segatori, Laura, Segev, Nava, Seglen, Per O., Seiliez, Iban, Seki, Ekihiro, Selleck, Scott B., Sellke, Frank W., Perez-Lara, Angel, Selsby, Joshua T., Sendtner, Michael, Senturk, Serif, Seranova, Elena, Sergi, Consolato, Serra-Moreno, Ruth, Sesaki, Hiromi, Settembre, Carmine, Setty, Subba Rao Gangi, Sgarbi, Gianluca, Sha, Ou, Shacka, John J., Shah, Javeed A., Shang, Dantong, Shao, Changshun, Shao, Feng, Sharbati, Soroush, Sharkey, Lisa M., Sharma, Dipali, Sharma, Gaurav, Sharma, Kulbhushan, Sharma, Pawan, Sharma, Surendra, Shen, HanMing, Shen, Hongtao, Shen, Jiangang, Shen, Ming, Shen, Weili, Shen, Zheni, Sheng, Rui, Sheng, Zhi, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shi, Jianjian, Shi, Xiaobing, Shi, Ying-Hong, Shiba-Fukushima, Kahori, Shieh, JengJer, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shimozawa, Makoto, Shintani, Takahiro, Shoemaker, Christopher J., Shojaei, Shahla, Shoji, Ikuo, Shravage, Bhupendra, V, Shridhar, Viji, Shu, ChihWen, Shu, Hong-Bing, Shui, Ke, Shukla, Arvind K., Shutt, Timothy E., Sica, Valentina, Siddiqui, Aleem, Sierra, Amanda, Sierra-Torre, Virginia, Signorelli, Santiago, Sil, Payel, Silva, Bruno J. de Andrade, Silva, Johnatas D., Silva-Pavez, Eduardo, Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine, Simmonds, Rachel E., Simon, Anna Katharina, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simons, Matias, Singh, Anurag, Singh, Lalit P., Singh, Rajat, Singh, Shivendra, V, Singh, Shrawan K., Singh, Sudha B., Singh, Sunaina, Singh, Surinder Pal, Sinha, Debasish, Sinha, Rohit Anthony, Sinha, Sangita, Sirko, Agnieszka, Sirohi, Kapil, Sivridis, Efthimios L., Skendros, Panagiotis, Skirycz, Aleksandra, Slaninova, Iva, Smaili, Soraya S., Smertenko, Andrei, Smith, Matthew D., Soenen, Stefaan J., Sohn, Eun Jung, Sok, Sophia P. 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Srinivas, St Clair, Daret, Stagni, Venturina, Staiano, Leopoldo, Stalnecker, Clint A., Stankov, Metodi, V, Stathopulos, Peter B., Stefan, Katja, Stefan, Sven Marcel, Stefanis, Leonidas, Steffan, Joan S., Steinkasserer, Alexander, Stenmark, Harald, Sterneckert, Jared, Stevens, Craig, Stoka, Veronika, Storch, Stephan, Stork, Bjorn, Strappazzon, Flavie, Strohecker, Anne Marie, Stupack, Dwayne G., Su, Huanxing, Su, Ling-Yan, Su, Longxiang, SuarezFontes, Ana M., Subauste, Carlos S., Subbian, Selvakumar, Subirada, Paula, V, Sudhandiran, Ganapasam, Sue, Carolyn M., Sui, Xinbing, Summers, Corey, Sun, Guangchao, Sun, Jun, Sun, Kang, Sun, Meng-xiang, Sun, Qiming, Sun, Yi, Sun, Zhongjie, Sunahara, Karen K. S., Sundberg, Eva, Susztak, Katalin, Sutovsky, Peter, Suzuki, Hidekazu, Sweeney, Gary, Symons, J. David, Sze, Stephen Cho Wing, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., Tabolacci, Claudio, Tacke, Frank, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Tagaya, Mitsuo, Tai, Haoran, Tait, Stephen W. G., Takahashi, Yoshinori, Takats, Szabolcs, Talwar, Priti, Tam, Chit, Tam, Shing Yau, Tampellini, Davide, Tamura, Atsushi, Tan, Chong Teik, Tan, Eng-King, Tan, Ya-Qin, Tanaka, Masaki, Tanaka, Motomasa, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Jingfeng, Tang, Tie-Shan, Tanida, Isei, Tao, Zhipeng, Taouis, Mohammed, Tatenhorst, Lars, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Allen, Taylor, Gregory A., Taylor, Joan M., Tchetina, Elena, Tee, Andrew R., Tegeder, Irmgard, Teis, David, Teixeira, Natercia, Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima, Tekirdag, Kumsal A., Tencomnao, Tewin, Tenreiro, Sandra, Tepikin, Alexei, V, Testillano, Pilar S., Tettamanti, Gianluca, Tharaux, PierreLouis, Thedieck, Kathrin, Thekkinghat, Arvind A., Thellung, Stefano, Thinwa, Josephine W., Thirumalaikumar, V. P., Thomas, Sufi Mary, Thomes, Paul G., Thorburn, Andrew, Thukral, Lipi, Thum, Thomas, Thumm, Michael, Tian, Ling, Tichy, Ales, Till, Andreas, Timmerman, Vincent, Titorenko, Vladimir, I, Todi, Sokol, V, Todorova, Krassimira, Toivonen, Janne M., Tomaipitinca, Luana, Tomar, Dhanendra, Tomas-Zapico, Cristina, Tong, Benjamin Chun-Kit, Tong, Chao, Tong, Xin, Tooze, Sharon A., Torgersen, Maria L., Torii, Satoru, Torres-Lopez, Liliana, Torriglia, Alicia, Towers, Christina G., Towns, Roberto, Toyokuni, Shinya, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Tramontano, Donatella, Tran, QuynhGiao, Travassos, Leonardo H., Trelford, Charles B., Tremel, Shirley, Trougakos, Ioannis P., Tsao, Betty P., Tschan, Mario P., Tse, Hung-Fat, Tse, Tak Fu, Tsugawa, Hitoshi, Tsvetkov, Andrey S., Tumbarello, David A., Tumtas, Yasin, Tunon, Maria J., Turcotte, Sandra, Turk, Boris, Turk, Vito, Turner, Bradley J., Tuxworth, Richard, I, Tyler, Jessica K., Tyutereva, Elena, V, Uchiyama, Yasuo, UgunKlusek, Aslihan, Uhlig, Holm H., Ulasov, Ilya, V, Umekawa, Midori, Ungermann, Christian, Unno, Rei, Urbe, Sylvie, Uribe-Carretero, Elisabet, Ustun, Suayib, Uversky, Vladimir N., Vaccari, Thomas, Vaccaro, Maria, I, Vahsen, Bjorn F., Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin, Valdor, Rut, Valente, Maria J., Valko, Ayelen, Vallee, Richard B., Valverde, Angela M., Van den Berghe, Greet, van Der Veen, Stijn, Van Kaer, Luc, van Loosdregt, Jorg, van Wijk, Sjoerd J. L., Vandenberghe, Wim, Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Vannier-Santos, Marcos A., Vannini, Nicola, Vanrell, M. Cristina, Vantaggiato, Chiara, Varano, Gabriele, Varela-Nieto, Isabel, Varga, Mate, Vasconcelos, M. Helena, Vats, Somya, Vavvas, Demetrios G., VegaNaredo, Ignacio, Vega-Rubin-de-Celis, Silvia, Velasco, Guillermo, Velazquez, Ariadna P., Vellai, Tibor, Vellenga, Edo, Velotti, Francesca, Verdier, Mireille, Verginis, Panayotis, Vergne, Isabelle, Verkade, Paul, Verma, Manish, Verstreken, Patrik, Vervliet, Tim, Vervoorts, Jorg, Vessoni, Alexandre T., Victor, Victor M., Vidal, Michel, Vidoni, Chiara, Vieira, Otilia V., Vierstra, Richard D., Vigano, Sonia, Vihinen, Helena, Vijayan, Vinoy, Vila, Miquel, Vilar, Marcal, Villalba, Jose M., Villalobo, Antonio, Villarejo-Zori, Beatriz, Villarroya, Francesc, Villarroya, Joan, Vincent, Olivier, Vindis, Cecile, Viret, Christophe, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Visnjic, Dora, Vitale, Ilio, Vocadlo, David J., Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V., Volonte, Cinzia, Volta, Mattia, Vomero, Marta, Von Haefen, Clarissa, Vooijs, Marc A., Voos, Wolfgang, Vucicevic, Ljubica, Wade-Martins, Richard, Waguri, Satoshi, Waite, Kenrick A., Wakatsuki, Shuji, Walker, David W., Walker, Mark J., Walker, Simon A., Walter, Jochen, Wandosell, Francisco G., Wang, Bo, Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chen, Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chenwei, Wang, Cun-Yu, Wang, Dong, Wang, Fangyang, Wang, Feng, Wang, Fengming, Wang, Guansong, Wang, Han, Wang, Hao, Wang, Hexiang, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Jianrong, Wang, Jigang, Wang, Jiou, Wang, Jundong, Wang, Kui, Wang, Lianrong, Wang, Liming, Wang, Maggie Haitian, Wang, Meiqing, Wang, Nanbu, Wang, Pengwei, Wang, Peipei, Wang, Ping, Wang, Qing Jun, Wang, Qing, Wang, Qing Kenneth, Wang, Qiong A., Wang, Wen-Tao, Wang, Wuyang, Wang, Xinnan, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanchang, Wang, Yanzhuang, Wang, YenYun, Wang, Yihua, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Yu, Wang, Yuqi, Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zhenyu, Wang, Zhouguang, Warnes, Gary, Warnsmann, Verena, Watada, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Eizo, Watchon, Maxinne, Weaver, Timothy E., Wegrzyn, Grzegorz, Wehman, Ann M., Wei, Huafeng, Wei, Lei, Wei, Taotao, Wei, Yongjie, Weiergraber, Oliver H., Weihl, Conrad C., Weindl, Gunther, Weiskirchen, Ralf, Wells, Alan, Wen, Runxia H., Wen, Xin, Werner, Antonia, Weykopf, Beatrice, Wheatley, Sally P., Whitton, J. 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K., Wu, Xiaohong, Wu, Xiaoqing, Wu, Yao-Wen, Wu, Yihua, Xavier, Ramnik J., Xia, Hongguang, Xia, Lixin, Xia, Zhengyuan, Xiang, Ge, Xiang, Jin, Xiang, Mingliang, Xiang, Wei, Xiao, Bin, Xiao, Guozhi, Xiao, Hengyi, Xiao, Hong-tao, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Lan, Xiao, Shi, Xiao, Yin, Xie, Baoming, Xie, Chuan-Ming, Xie, Min, Xie, Yuxiang, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria, Xu, Congfeng, Xu, En, Xu, Haoxing, Xu, Jing, Xu, JinRong, Xu, Liang, Xu, Wen Wen, Xu, Xiulong, Xue, Yu, Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna M. 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B., Zhang, Leshuai W., Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Lisheng, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Luoying, Zhang, Menghuan, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Sheng, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xiao-Wei, Zhang, Xiaolei, Zhang, Xiaoyan, Zhang, Xin, Zhang, Xinxin, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yanjin, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Ying-Dong, Zhang, Yingmei, Zhang, Yuan-Yuan, Zhang, Yuchen, Zhang, Zhe, Zhang, Zhengguang, Zhang, Zhibing, Zhang, Zhihai, Zhang, Zhiyong, Zhang, Zili, Zhao, Haobin, Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Shuang, Zhao, Tongbiao, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao, Zhao, Yongliang, Zhao, Yuting, Zheng, Guoping, Zheng, Kai, Zheng, Ling, Zheng, Shizhong, Zheng, Xi-Long, Zheng, Yi, Zheng, Zu-Guo, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Ao, Zhou, Ben, Zhou, Cefan, Zhou, Gang, Zhou, Hao, Zhou, Hong, Zhou, Hongbo, Zhou, Jie, Zhou, Jing, Zhou, Jiyong, Zhou, Kailiang, Zhou, Rongjia, Zhou, Xu-Jie, Zhou, Yanshuang, Zhou, Yinghong, Zhou, Yubin, Zhou, Zheng-Yu, Zhou, Zhou, Zhu, Binglin, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Guo-Qing, Zhu, Haining, Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Hua, Zhu, WeiGuo, Zhu, Yanping, Zhu, Yushan, Zhuang, Haixia, Zhuang, Xiaohong, Zientara-Rytter, Katarzyna, Zimmermann, Christine M., Ziviani, Elena, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorov, Dmitry B., Zorzano, Antonio, Zou, Weiping, Zou, Zhen, Zou, Zhengzhi, Zuryn, Steven, Zwerschke, Werner, Brand-Saberi, Beate, Dong, X. Charlie, Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar, Li, Zuguo, Lin, Yong, Oshima, Shigeru, Rong, Yueguang, Sluimer, Judith C., Stallings, Christina L., and Tong, Chun-Kit
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phagophore ,endoplasmic-reticulum stress ,vacuole ,breast-cancer cells ,life-span extension ,amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis ,autophagosome ,neurodegeneration ,activated protein-kinase ,starvation-induced autophagy ,flux ,macroautophagy ,stress ,lc3 ,nf-kappa-b ,lysosome ,genome-wide association ,cancer ,chaperone-mediated autophagy ,programmed cell-death - Abstract
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
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