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The fifth instar larvae of Philosamia ricini were reared under food stress. These were kept on starvation for three days. After that the haemolymph was taken for the analysis. Monovalent cations sodium, potassium and divalent cations calcium and magnesium were estimated, to observe the impact of starvation. With respect to ther control worms Na+ ions increased significantly while Mg++ ions showed rather insignificant change. Divalent cation Calcium showed an insignificant change but Magnesium ions showed a significant decrease. KEYWORDS: Haemolymph, monovalent cation, divalent cation, starvation, REFERENCES Asperen, K. van and Esch, I.van (1956). The chemical composition of haemolymph in Periplaneta americana. Arch. Neerl. Zool. 11, 342. Brady J. (1967a). Haemocytes and measurement of porassium in insect blood. Nature, Lond., 215, 96-7. Brady J. (1967b). The relationship between blood ions and blood-cell density in insects. J. exp. Biol. 47, 313-26. Cohen, A. C. and Patana, R. (1982). Ontogenetic and stress related changes in the haemolymph chemistry of beet armyworms. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 71A, 193. Florkin M. and Jeuniaux C. (1974). Haemolymph: composition. In The physiology of Insects. Vol. V, pp.256-307. Nicolson, et al. (1974). Effects of starvation and dehydration on osmotic and ionic balance in Carasius morosus. J. Insect. Physiol. 20, 2061-2069. Pant R, and Agarwal,H. C., (1965). Biochem. J., 96, 824 Pichon, Y.(1963). La teneur en ions Na+, K+, et Ca++ de l`hemolymphe de Periplaneta americana L., ses variations. Bull. Soc. Scient.Bretagne 38, 147. Pichon Y. and Boistel (1963a). Modifications de la composition ionique de l`hemolymphe d`une blatte, Periplaneta americana, saous I`effect du jeune et de la deshydratation. C. R. Seanc. Soc. Biol. 158, 272. Pichon Y. and Boistel (1963b). Modifications in the ionic content of the haemolymph and of the activity of Periplaneta americana in relation to diet. J. insect Phyiol. 9, 887-91. Pichon Y. (1970). Ionic content of haemolymph in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. J. Exp. Biol., 53, 195-209. Tobias, J. M. (1948). Potassium, sodium and water interchange in irritable tissues and haemolymph of a omnivorous insect Periplaneta americana. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 31, 125-142. Treherne J. E. (1954a) The exchange of labeled sodium in the larva of Aedes egyptii. L. J. Exp. Biol. 31, 386-401. Treherne J. E. (1961). Sodium and potassium fluxes in the abdominal nerve cord of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. J. exp. biol. 38, 315-22

Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with functional disability for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) among older people in a Brazilian capital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 927 older people in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Lawton’s scale was used to assess IADL. Functional disability was characterized as difficulty in performing at least one activity. Multiple logistic regression was employed for the analysis of association. Results: A 58.2% prevalence of disability was identified, and the most compromised activities were doing manual work, doing the laundry, and ironing. There was an association between disability and old age, poor/very poor self-rated health, cerebrovascular accident, widowhood, cognitive impairment, musculoskeletal disorder, and living alone. Conclusions: The prevalence of functional disability for IADL was higher than that of national and international studies. We verified associated factors that can be modified by health promotion initiatives, which are configured as priority areas for interventions.

Introduction:New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is a common arrhythmia in patients on an intensive care unit (ICU). NOAF in this setting is associated with adverse short and long-term outcomes. Little is known about modifiable risk factors for NOAF. Developing a model to identify patients at high risk of developing NOAF is vital for future studies investigating prevention strategies to allow stratification, sample enrichment and efficient study design. Methods:We will use data from 7 general ICUs in the UK and USA to develop a predictive model for NOAF. We will assess whether including longitudinal, dynamic predictors, along with the use of machine learning approaches improves model predictive ability. Generalisability and Implications:This work will be the largest assessment of predictors of NOAF in patients treated on a general ICU. It will be the first to analyse international data to ensure worldwide applicability. A detailed understanding of modifiable risk factors underpins future work to prevent NOAF in these patients.

Anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is a fungal disease which attacks plant stem and leaves and it is expressed by excessive defoliation leading to low yield and even plant death. This study was carried out to determine the relation between cyanogenic (HCN) content of leaves from four cassava (Manihot esculenta) cultivars (one local cultivar: CV1 = LMR; three improved cultivars: CV2 = 92/0326, CV3 = 81/00110, CV4 = W94/009) and their tolerance to anthracnose disease. Disease severity and incidence, HCN content of leaves, percentage of defoliation and inhibitory effect of HCN extract (in vitro) were evaluated. HCN content was determined by titration using a solution of 0.02 N AgNO3. Disease severity was high in cultivars CV1 and CV3 (21.38 and 17.79 % respectively) with low levels of HCN (0.44 and 0.59 mg.g-1 respectively), and low in cultivars CV2 (5.50 %) and CV4 (5.31 %) with high levels of HCN (1.23 and 1.77 mg.g-1 respectively). HCN extracts had inhibited 51.16 % of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. A direct relation existed between HCN content in cassava leaves and their tolerance to anthracnose disease. The capacity of cassava to synthesize HCN can be used in selection programs to obtain cassava cultivars resistant to anthracnose disease. Keywords: Anthracnose, cassava cultivars, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, cyanogenic acid, host resistance Cameroon Journal of Experimental Microbiology Vol. 4 (2) 2008: pp. 89-96

Anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ) is a fungal disease which attacks plant stem and leaves and it is expressed by excessive defoliation leading to low yield and even plant death. This study was carried out to determine the relation between cyanogenic (HCN) content of leaves from four cassava (Manihot esculenta) cultivars (one local cultivar: CV1 = LMR; three improved cultivars: CV2 = 92/0326, CV3 = 81/00110, CV4 = W94/009) and their tolerance to anthracnose disease. Disease severity and incidence, HCN content of leaves, percentage of defoliation and inhibitory effect of HCN extract (in vitro) were evaluated. HCN content was determined by titration using a solution of 0.02 N AgNO3. Disease severity was high in cultivars CV1 and CV3 (21.38 and 17.79 % respectively) with low levels of HCN (0.44 and 0.59 mg.g-1 respectively), and low in cultivars CV2 (5.50 %) and CV4 (5.31 %) with high levels of HCN (1.23 and 1.77 mg.g-1 respectively). HCN extracts had inhibited 51.16 % of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. A direct relation existed between HCN content in cassava leaves and their tolerance to anthracnose disease. The capacity of cassava to synthesize HCN can be used in selection programs to obtain cassava cultivars resistant to anthracnose disease. Keywords : Anthracnose, cassava cultivars, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , cyanogenic acid, host resistance Cameroon Journal of Experimental Microbiology Vol. 4 (2) 2008: pp. 89-96

The beta-oxidation of valproic acid (VPA; 2-n-propylpentanoic acid) was investigated in vitro in intact rat liver mitochondria incubated with H-3-labelled VPA. The metabolism of [4,5-H-3(2)]VPA and [2-H-3]VPA was studied by analysing the different acyl-Co

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Diffusion du document : INRA Unité Mixte de Recherche INRA-INA PG Economie publique INA Paris Grignon BP 1 78850 Thiverval-Grignon (FRA); Alors que le secteur agricole s'est banalisé parmi d'autres industries, en particulier dans le cadre du commerce international, il semblerait logique que le rôle de l’état en ce secteur perde de sa spécificité. Sont recensées les spécificités qui font que L’État doit jouer un rôle dans les politiques agricoles et alimentaires, même si les arguments traditionnels pour justifier une intervention aussi massive sur les marchés que celle observée en Europe sont de moins en moins viables. Une révision drastique des instruments de politique agricole apparaît nécessaire. Les outils dessinés par la loi d'orientation agricole française récente, posent cependant des problèmes d'acceptation politique mais aussi de gestion en particulier en ce qui concerne le contrôle des services rendus par les agriculteurs.

A number of valproate adverse reactions are due to its interference with several metabolic pathways, including that of fatty acid oxidation. In order to resolve which mitochondrial enzymes of fatty acid oxidation are inhibited by which VPA intermediates w

Overall fatty acid oxidation rates were investigated in rat hepatocytes using [9,10-H-3]palmitic, [9,10-H-3]-oleic, [9.10-H-3]-myristic and [2,3-H-3]-phenylpropionic acids. The effect of both valproate (VPA) (0-10 mM) and two of its unsaturated metabolite

Au cours de ce congrès, les discussions ont porté sur les différents aspects relatifs à la gestion de la production fruitière, l'accent étant mis sur les avancées techniques et la coopération internationale. Ce symposium s'est déroulé selon quatre sessions techniques concernant les fruits tropicaux et subtropicaux : collection et utilisation des ressources génétiques, culture de fruitiers tempérés en zones tropicales et subtropicales, contrôle des maladies et ravageurs, stockage et physiologie après récolte