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This study aimed to describe the experiences of the female teachers who are single parents by focusing on the description of their significant experiences, their coping mechanisms, and the insights that they can share. The researcher employed a qualitative-phenomenological approach as the research design. The participants of the study were the ten teachers for the in-depth interview and ten teachers for the focus group discussions. These teachers are from the Municipality of Alabel, Province of Sarangani. The findings indicated that in the experiences of the teachers, four (4) emergent themes emerged, and these are: patiently taking responsibilities, good in managing time, experiencing financial instability, and becoming optimistic. On the other hand, in terms of the coping mechanism of the teachers, six (6) major themes emerged when the data was analyzed: overwhelming support from significant others, enriching one's spirituality, loving oneself, acceptance of the reality, possessing stronger personality, and focusing on the responsibilities. Lastly, in terms of the insights that the female single parents could share based on their experiences, six (6) major themes emerged: resiliency, feeling the pain until it hurts no more, never forget to pray, face life positively, managing finances well and be an inspiration. These could become the basis in crafting specific programs and projects which would benefit the female teachers who are single parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet has become a space where parents share their parenting experiences. However, citizenship education requires digital skills that go beyond the simple critical ability to evaluate virtual information and understand its relevance. This paper is a systematic literature review that examines the progress of parents' citizenship participation in schools through information and communication technologies (ICT) over the period from 2016 to 2024. The study adopts a bibliometric approach and follows the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. It analyzes 50 articles in the context of the PRISMA declaration. It focuses on three main aspects: the panoramic vision of digital citizenship, the semantic connection between groups of interconnected terms, and the role of parents in shaping citizenship. The results reveal a notable 31.61% increase in parents' civic participation in school, identifying parents' expectations in their children's learning as well as students' civic participation in school, highlighting the use of digital technologies to foster collaborative and academic learning in the construction of ICT-mediated citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored various aspects of the memorable messages about math education that parents shared with their college aged children and parents' own experiences with math education. Findings revealed that the memorable messages parents recalled sending to their children about math education focused on encouragement, advice, necessity of math, how math skills don't define you, and math being logical. Memorable message themes were not predicted by parents' beliefs about their own math anxiety, math self-concept, or math self-efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of the patients with microphthalmia and anophthalmia and their parents, focusing on the healthcare, school settings and daily life challenges to improve patient management.In‐depth interviews were conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, from October 2022 to June 2023. Participants were recruited through the St Erik Eye Hospital database (2008–2022), and the data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.The study included 15 patients (9 female and 6 male), with a median age of 21 years (range 15–31), and 1 parent per patient. Five key themes were identified from the parental interviews and three from the patient interviews. Both groups emphasised the need for improvements in healthcare, including better physician continuity, emotional support, information provision and prosthesis functionality. Families of those with severe bilateral visual impairment highlighted the need for additional school and daily life support. While some parents had future concerns, most patients viewed their condition as a natural part of life.Patients and parents shared insights on the psychosocial impact and suggested improvements in the healthcare and school settings, providing valuable guidance for enhancing care and management for this patient group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Methods Results and Conclusion There is currently a dearth of tools to assess parents' use of effective interactive strategies for supporting early mathematics learning. One potential such strategy is sustained shared thinking. This study therefore constructed and validated a scale for measuring parents' use of sustained shared thinking during joint mathematics activities with young children, and examined its antecedents and outcomes.Four hundred and sixty‐six parents completed a questionnaire about their conceptions of mathematics teaching and learning, home practices, as well as their kindergarten children's approach and avoidance motivation to learn mathematics. Additionally, the children were tested on numeration skills.Results showed that our new scale has three factors: exchanging ideas with children about mathematical problem‐solving processes, creating a child‐centred atmosphere for mathematics learning, and engaging children in mathematical thinking. Parents' uses of these three strategies were predicted by their constructivist conception of mathematics teaching and learning, and were differentially associated with the children's numeration skills, approach, and avoidance motivation to learn mathematics. Potential uses of our new scale in future home mathematics environment research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims Design Setting Participants Measurements Findings Conclusions Research demonstrates that siblings, especially older siblings, make unique contributions to adolescents' substance use above and beyond shared genetics and shared parenting. Older siblings' influences on younger adolescent siblings' alcohol use operate through both direct and indirect pathways. Using three waves of longitudinal data, the present study tested an integrated model of sibling influence processes focused on the linkages between older adolescent siblings' earlier alcohol use and younger adolescent siblings' later alcohol use.Longitudinal study using data collected from families on three occasions: Time 1 (March 2019–February 2020), Time 2 (July 2020–February 2021) and Time 3 (November 2021–February 2022) via online surveys.Families resided in five midwestern states in the US (Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin).Participants included two adolescent‐aged siblings and one parent from 682 families (n = 2046 persons).Alcohol use by adolescents and parents was assessed at Time 1; younger siblings' social alcohol expectancies and perceptions of modeling were measured at Time 2; and younger siblings' alcohol use was measured at Time 3.Older siblings' earlier alcohol use predicted younger siblings' later drinking both directly [b = 0.15, standard error (SE) = 0.04, β = 0.17, P < 0.001] and indirectly through younger siblings' social alcohol expectancies [δ = 0.02, SE = 0.008, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.003, 0.03]. The direct (δ = −0.14, SE = 0.07, 95% CI = −0.27, −0.01) and indirect (δ = 0.03, SE = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.0001, 0.06) links were further moderated by younger siblings' reports of sibling modeling, but not by gender composition of the sibling dyad or the interaction of modeling and gender composition.Older siblings' alcohol use appears to influence younger siblings' later alcohol use directly, as well as indirectly through younger siblings' expectancies about alcohol. The global context of the sibling relationship, in this case sibling modeling, may further amplify or dampen these pathways of influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on data from the multivocal video-cued ethnographic Agency and Young Children Study, we use critical discourse analysis to compare Latine immigrant parents’ and early childhood teachers’ ideas about agency and teacher control in the education of young Latine children. In video-cued focus group interviews, parents and teachers shared a belief in the importance of order and teacher control in the classroom but had very different rationales for these beliefs. Latine immigrant parents shared a deep concern for their children’s learning while teachers focused on their personal preferences and pressure around standards and testing. Through analysis of these perspectives, we consider the ways that racism and childism intersect to create particularly oppressive learning environments for young Children of Color, complicate and challenge long-standing stereotypes about Latine immigrant parents, and push back on teachers’ ideas about the relationship between control and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Felicity Kaganas was intrigued by the legal concept of presumptions. She explored the presumption in the family law of England and Wales before and after its introduction in 2014. The presumption which began operating in the Australian Family Law Act 1975 (FLA) in 2006 stated that ‘equal shared parental responsibility’ (‘joint legal custody’ or guardianship) is in the best interests of children and created a legislative link between the making of such an order to shared parenting time orders. Many subsequent reviews of the FLA recommended amending the presumption, if not repealing it, but no changes were made. Meantime in England and Wales a less intrusive presumption was introduced, together with a Practice Direction intended to limit its over-use. Then in 2023 major changes to the FLA in Australia were introduced, including repealing the presumption. They became operative in May 2024. This article explores their potential to better protect parents and children who have experienced family violence. It also examines the potential consequences of the repeal of sections that provided guideposts when making shared care orders and others that rendered the past caring for children relevant. These losses could be detrimental to mothers and children who have lived with domestic and family violence or abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent trends indicate a significant increase in the number of families opting for home education in the UK, yet research dedicated to this area remains limited. Moreover, there is a notable scarcity of studies focusing on the lived experiences of home-educating families of young children. Amidst this context, a new conceptual framework was developed combining the portraiture approach and the life course theory to study five families with young children in the UK. Semi-structured interviews, observations, and curriculum document analysis were used to gain insights into these families' experiences. The study revealed diverse motivations driving parents to choose home education, including concerns about the traditional education system, a preference for personalized learning, and personal lifestyle choices and ideologies. The research data presented suggests that participants had diverse and dynamic daily routines shaped by their unique educational philosophies. In general, parents consistently sought beneficial opportunities to foster their children's social development. Challenges participants faced included curriculum suitability, financial burdens, and managing dual roles within the home. However, participants viewed these challenges as worthwhile because their main aim of educating their children in a purposeful manner was being met. In line with the theme of parental autonomy in education, parents shared their belief in the freedom for families to educate their children outside traditional schools. They supported flexi-schooling, advocated for accessible resources, the inclusion of home-educated children in assessments, and government funding provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Many youth in the USA have access to a loaded and unlocked firearm in their home. Discussions between adult family members have the potential to positively influence firearm storage. Purpose Work with firearm-owning parents to develop and obtain preliminary data about the efficacy of a family-centered decision support tool about firearm storage. Methods We adapted the Ottawa Personal Decision Guide for Two to the issue of firearm storage, producing the Family Safety Check-In. Subsequently, we evaluated its acceptability and impact on intentions to make a plan with their partner (or other adult sharing parental duties) about safer firearm storage. Participants were parents/guardians of at least one school-aged child, had firearms in their home, and resided in the USA (n = 402). They completed a web-based pre-test survey, were randomized to the Family Safety Check-In or an American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) informational resource about firearm storage for families, and then completed a post-test survey. Results The Family Safety Check-In had higher ratings for acceptability (B = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.58–1.90) and appropriateness (B = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.72–2.19) than the AAP resource. Participants in the Family Safety Check-In condition also had greater intentions to make a plan with their partner about storing firearms more safely (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.26–2.87). Conclusions The Family Safety Check-In is a promising direction for harm reduction that warrants further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharenting, the practice of parents publicly sharing information about their children on social media, has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review in order to evaluate existing publications that have empirically investigated the sharenting phenomenon and conceptualized its characteristics and possible consequences. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines, 61 studies were reviewed. Based on the point of view and focus of the studies, six themes emerged: characteristics of sharenting, children's privacy, professional sharenting, children's perspectives, factors affecting sharenting, and social media dilemmas. The review highlights the growing prevalence of sharenting and provides a comprehensive overview of the empirical investigations and conceptualizations of the phenomenon. The findings have implications for parents, professionals, and policymakers, and opportunities for future research to further understand the complex and multifaceted nature of sharenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Approximately 770 children are diagnosed with cancer in Australia every year. Research has explored their experiences and developed recommendations for improving support provided to families. These have included the provision of psychology services, improved communication between healthcare professionals and parents, and increased information for families. Methodology In our hermeneutic phenomenological study, 44 participants (21 fathers and 23 mothers), with ages ranging from 28 to 51 years (M  =   37 years, SD  =   5.6 years) were interviewed. Interviews ranged from 45 to 150 min (M  =   65 min, SD  =   18 min) duration. Findings Thematic analysis of the data generated seven themes. Take it second by second; Find some normality; Take care of yourself; You need to talk to someone; Just take all the help; Speaking up for your child; and Take care of the siblings. Conclusion The results of our study provide firsthand advice from parents. The overwhelming theme that emerged is that while many parents revealed that they had not asked for or received support, in hindsight they unanimously reflected that they wished they had sought out services. The strength of this study is that parents are more likely to accept the advice of other parents with a shared lived experience. The results of our study can be used to develop resources that could be provided to parents. These resources would emphasize that the recommendations come from parents who have traveled the same path and have learnt from hindsight and experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper examines the way divorced mothers' long‐run employment, long‐run earnings, and subjective experiences of work–family conflict differ by children's postdivorce living arrangements. Background: Children's living arrangements are an important—and somewhat overlooked—determinant of mothers' postdivorce economic outcomes. Parenting commitments and resource availability tied to the amount of time children spend in residence can impact mothers' experiences of work–family conflict and consequent employment. Method: The paper uses linked administrative and survey data for divorced parents in Wisconsin. It applies a mixed‐methods approach, first using multivariate regression models to control for baseline characteristics in exploring mothers' labor market outcomes and experiences of work–family conflict, and subsequently performing content analysis on open‐ended survey responses to enhance the findings from the quantitative analysis. Results: Mothers with shared physical custody are 5% more likely to report being employed in the long run, experience 6% less work–family conflict, and show larger increases in long‐term earnings than mothers who have sole physical custody of their children. However, the higher long‐term earnings of shared placement mothers cannot be attributed to lower work–family conflict. Conclusion: Shared placement mothers enjoy a labor market advantage in the long term after divorce, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this relationship. Implications: Public policy encouraging shared placement can be beneficial for divorced mothers' economic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examines whether the quality of the stepfather–child relationship differs among sole physical custody (SPC) and joint physical custody (JPC) families and compares the association between the father–child and the stepfather–child relationship across the two physical custody arrangements. Background: An increasing number of families opt for JPC after separation or divorce. Because children in JPC families spend more time with their biological father than children in mother SPC families, the question arises whether JPC affects the quality of the stepfather–child relationship. Method: We investigated 279 SPC and 182 JPC stepfather families with children aged 1 to 14 from the Family Models in Germany study. Ordinary least squares regression models and interaction effects were estimated. Results: The quality of the stepfather–child relationship was generally high in both SPC and JPC families and did not differ between the two arrangements. The father–child relationship was positively, albeit weakly, associated with the stepfather–child relationship in both arrangements, indicating spillover effects. Conclusion: JPC does not affect the quality of the stepfather–child relationship. Implications: This study does not provide any evidence that JPC is an ill‐suited physical custody arrangement when considering the quality of relationships in stepfamilies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gender discrimination of women is often emphasized in work contexts, whereas less focus is on how men are discriminated against in social relationships. Gender discrimination in decisions of family relations, is essential to study as the contact between parent and child is commonly viewed as the most important relationship in people's life, as well as being the most important aspect of our life. Following separations, decisions on custody disputes are made by social workers. The purpose of this paper is to study gender discrimination in such decisions. Method: Participants were instructed to give a recommendation of shared parenting based on a custody case vinjett, where we manipulate the gender of the risk parent. Results: The participants' recommendation of living was mainly dependent on the risk parent's gender, where the mother was considerably more likely to receive shared custody than the father. Conclusions: Professional social workers show selective gender discrimination against fathers in terms of living recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDespite scientific recognition of parental alienation as a form of child maltreatment and family violence, numerous critiques been advanced challenging the concept. A recent UN report concluded that parental alienation is a “pseudo-concept” lacking empirical validity, posing significant dangers to women and children at risk of family violence and abuse. In this article, we present and refute the most common arguments that have been advanced against the proposition that parental alienation and alienating behaviors are a form of family violence and child abuse. We examine each in relation to empirical evidence published in over one hundred peer-reviewed research studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationships between paternal co‐parenting dimensions (including integrity, consistency, conflict, and bias) and adolescent cyberbullying perpetration, delving into potential moderating mechanisms. A sample of 795 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.79 years, SD = 1.67) completed questionnaires assessing parental co‐parenting, cyberbullying perpetration, and psychological entitlement. Results showed a positive association only between paternal co‐parenting bias and cyberbullying perpetration. The study identified a moderating role of psychological entitlement, indicating a stronger link between paternal co‐parenting bias and cyberbullying perpetration for adolescents with higher psychological entitlement than for those with lower psychological entitlement. Notably, the significant association between paternal co‐parenting bias and cyberbullying perpetration only existed among boys. The study provides new insights into the roles of paternal co‐parenting and adolescent psychological entitlement in cyberbullying perpetration among adolescent boys, emphasizing the importance of mitigating paternal co‐parenting bias and reducing adolescent psychological entitlement to prevent cyberbullying perpetration. Practitioner points: Paternal co‐parenting bias positively associated with cyberbullying perpetration.Psychological entitlement moderated the association between paternal co‐parenting bias and cyberbullying perpetration.Notably, the positive association between paternal co‐parenting bias and cyberbullying perpetration was observed exclusively among boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood nature experiences – particularly those shared with caregivers – have consistently, over decades of research, been linked to children's health, as well as their developing environmental commitments. Notably, animal interactions have been shown to play key roles in children's psychological wellbeing and their developing conservation concerns. We investigated nature experiences children share with their parents, with a particular focus on those that involve interactions with animals. Parents (n = 49) of young children completed a written survey in which they provided a short narrative describing a significant experience in nature that they had shared with their child. The narrative accounts were systematically coded and interrater reliability was attained. The qualitative findings offer a rich account of nature experiences that children and parents share. Three broad themes were identified – (1) Typology of Nature Experiences, (2) Psychosocial Factors, and (3) Relational Bonding – and are illustrated and discussed within the context of promoting healthy childhood relationships with their caregivers and the wider natural world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate how fathers’ individual characteristics and the quality of their marital relationships influence co-parenting. Previous research on fathers’ perceptions of coparenting has been relatively under-explored. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the direct impact of fathers’ family-of-origin experiences on co-parenting and to examine the indirect effects mediated by marital conflict and fathers’ psychological well-being. Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 250 fathers with preschool-aged children (aged 3 to 5). Fathers completed comprehensive questionnaires assessing their family-of-origin experiences, levels of marital conflict, psychological well-being, and perceptions of co-parenting. Results: The findings revealed several significant relationships. Firstly, fathers’ family-of-origin experiences had a notable direct impact on co-parenting. Secondly, these experiences indirectly influenced co-parenting through the pathway of marital conflict. Thirdly, fathers’ family-of-origin experiences indirectly affected coparenting through their psychological well-being. Additionally, fathers’ family-of-origin experiences had an indirect impact on co-parenting through sequential pathways involving marital conflict and psychological well-being. Specifically, stronger positive experiences from fathers' family-of-origin were associated with reduced levels of perceived marital conflict, leading to enhanced psychological well-being and more positive perceptions of co-parenting. Conclusion: This study enhances our understanding of the factors influencing co-parenting from the perspective of fathers. The results highlight the importance of interventions aimed at improving fathers’ perceptions of co-parenting, emphasizing reflection on family-of-origin experiences, resolution of marital conflicts, and enhancement of psychological well-being through targeted interventions. By addressing these areas, interventions may effectively promote positive co-parenting dynamics within families and contribute to overall family well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past studies found that dispositional mindfulness is a protective factor of coparenting quality. To clarify the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of mindfulness, a dyadic cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the mediating roles of self and interpersonal forgiveness in the association between mindfulness and coparenting quality. Potential gender differences were also explored. A total of 103 Chinese mother-father dyads were recruited. The association between mindfulness and coparenting relationship quality was examined with an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Marital-specific self and interpersonal forgiveness were included as serial mediators to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that for both mothers and fathers, dispositional mindfulness increases own as well as partner's coparenting quality, and the indirect effects of self-forgiveness and interpersonal forgiveness were significant. Both mothers' and fathers' dispositional mindfulness were positively related to their own and partners' self-forgiveness. Self-forgiveness subsequently predicted their own interpersonal forgiveness. However, only mothers' (but not fathers') own interpersonal forgiveness positively predicted their own coparenting relationship quality. This current dyadic study elucidates the mechanistic understanding of how dispositional mindfulness benefits coparenting quality. Given the limitations of the correlational study, future experimental studies are needed to further examine the causal relationship proposed in this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media platforms have transformed how students and educators "share" information about school experiences. In this paper, we translate Leah Plunkett's sharenting concept (a portmanteau of share and parent) to address the phenomenon of overposting in education. Overposting (a portmanteau of overreach and post) designates the digital distribution of information about others that is invasive, harmful, exploitative, or illegal. We describe instances where students or teachers post about others on social media in ways that are illegal, invasive, harmful, or exploitative. Examples of overposting range from cyberbullying to sharing photos or videos of others' without their permission, including from school accounts. We conclude by offering an educational approach to address overposting through education, conversation, and negotiation among students, teachers, and administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine differences between first and last born individuals in perceived parent differential treatment and perfectionism. Data from 219 participants was utilized. The study included individuals from two-dyad biologically related siblings with non-separated parents and shared household childhood experiences while excluding individuals with disabilities, parental death, and age gaps between siblings outside of 1 to 5 years. The maternal and paternal differential treatment subscales from the Sibling Inventory of Differential Experience (SIDE) were used to measure differential parental treatment. Perfectionism was measured using the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised. No significant differences were observed in parental affection among first and lastborns. Differences were observed between first and last-borns in parental control with firstborns perceiving higher levels of control from parents. No distinct associations were found between birth order, perfectionism, and the type of perfectionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of custody is an important legal principle that expresses the rights and responsibilities exercised jointly by parents during marital union. This principle emphasizes attention to the physical, emotional, and financial well-being of minors and the principle of the best interests of the child. According to the Turkish Civil Code, as a rule, minors are considered to be under the joint custody of their parents. However, in the event of the death of a spouse or divorce, the issue of custody is resolved by a legal arrangement or a court decision. Furthermore, custody is usually awarded to the mother if the parents are unmarried, although this may be subject to certain exceptions. Courts may appoint a guardian or award custody to the father to protect and support the child's physical, mental, and moral development. This ensures that the best interests of the child are safeguarded. Joint custody refers to the joint exercise of the child's right to custody by the parents during the marital union. This concept aims to ensure that responsibilities for the child's care, education, and supervision are shared between the spouses. However, in the event of dissolution of marriage or separation, the issue of how custody will be organized is subject to a vague regulation; the court determines it. If custody is awarded to only one spouse, that spouse can make decisions unilaterally, while the other spouse only has the right to have personal contact with the child. However, if joint custody continues, the rights and responsibilities of the child are shared in the same way despite the dissolution of the marriage. Custody and joint custody are intended to protect the child's physical, emotional, social, legal, financial, and moral development. They also provide for the representation and protection of children in a manner appropriate to their needs. Both concepts are based on the best interests of the child and are supported by legal regulations. Therefore, custody and joint custody constitute an important legal framework for children's healthy and safe upbringing. This study will explain the concept of custody in the Turkish legal system, the rights and responsibilities given to the parents within the marital union, and the legal regulations introduced for the right of custody after divorce. The joint exercise of the right of custody after divorce will be evaluated by considering the practices of the Court of Cassation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article conceptualizes invested mothering to explain how mothers typically serve as both primary caregivers and financial providers under court-mandated shared parenting. A line of feminist literature has conceptualized hegemonic expectations of women's caregiving through the umbrella theory of intensive mothering, and family scholars have studied how these ideologies influence parental investments in children. I assert that more research is necessary at the juncture of this scholarship, especially in contemporary family forms which reflect most parents' reality. In this study, I analyze 46 in-depth interviews with parents under state-mandated child support arrangements as an empirical case of shared parenting experiences. I show that the onus is on mothers to secure financial resources for children's basic and enrichment needs through relational, paid, and invisible work strategies—mothers enact invested mothering. An intersectional analysis reveals the distinct invested parenting work that mothers, especially low-income Black mothers who are the most disadvantaged, perform as adaptive strategies in the face of interlocking sexism, systemic racism, and historical economic inequality. Overall, mothers' financial role as primary breadwinners is feminized as their contributions are unsupported, unacknowledged, and undervalued by both the courts and fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elective co-parenting families, meaning two (or more parents) who are not in a romantic relationship having a child together, are becoming more common amongst cisgender, heterosexual parents. The study of elective co-parenting families offers researchers a unique opportunity to decouple co-parenting relationships from romantic relationships, but little research to date has explored their experiences. This study explored two research questions: why do individuals decide to enter into elective co-parenting arrangements? And how do they manage their co-parenting arrangement and their relationship with their co-parent? Interview data from 10 elective co-parents (5 mothers and 5 fathers) were analyzed according to the principles of reflexive thematic analysis. Sociological theorisations of family practices, family display and family thinking were utilized to make sense of the data. The results centred around two organizing themes ('Reproducing the traditional family' and 'Modernising the traditional family'), and participants experienced a tension between these two ideas. Participants aimed to manage their co-parenting relationship with shared values and friendship, but defining their relationship was complex and gendered parenting patterns were ubiquitous. Findings add nuance to theorisations of family life and demonstrate that traditional parenthood ideologies remain pervasive, as parents aim to imagine and pursue parenthood on their own terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current correlational study aimed to examine the relationship between father involvement, co-parenting relationship quality, and social-emotional behaviors of children and adolescents ages 4–17 in the collectivistic, patriarchal societal context of Pakistan. A purposive sampling strategy was used to collect data from 160 fathers, who gave information about their involvement in child-rearing activities, co-parenting relationship quality with their wives, and the social-emotional behaviors of their children. The results indicated that father involvement has a negative correlation (r =.11; p =.07) with child problem behaviors; moreover, there was a significant positive correlation with child pro-social behaviors (r =.15; p =.04). Whereas co-parenting relationship quality had a significant negative correlation (r =.30; p <.001) with child problem behaviors and a significant positive correlation of (r =.29; p <.001) with child pro-social behaviors. Results of the moderation analysis showed that the working hours of the father moderate the relationship between father involvement and the pro-social behaviors of children (B = −.014, p =.02). In conclusion, it can be stated that flexibility in the work hours of fathers and helping them be involved with their families can aid the healthy development of children and families in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of Zagreb Law Faculty / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu is the property of Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Pravni Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of INSPILIP. Revista Ecuatoriana de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion en Salud Pública is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigacion en Salud Publica (INSPI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has previously been associated with several comorbidities that may have shared genetic, epigenetic, developmental or environmental origins. PCOS may be influenced by prenatal androgen excess, poor intrauterine or childhood environmental factors, childhood obesity and learned health risk behaviors. We analyzed the association between PCOS and several relevant comorbidities while adjusting for early-life biological and socioeconomic conditions, also investigating the extent to which the association is affected by familial risk factors. Methods: This total-population register-based cohort study included 333,999 full sisters, born between 1962 and 1980. PCOS and comorbidity diagnoses were measured at age 17-45 years through national hospital register data from 1997 to 2011, and complemented with information on the study subjects´ early-life and social characteristics. In the main analysis, sister fixed effects (FE) models were used to control for all time-invariant factors that are shared among sisters, thereby testing whether the association between PCOS and examined comorbidities is influenced by unobserved familial environmental, social or genetic factors. Results: Three thousand five hundred seventy women in the Sister sample were diagnosed with PCOS, of whom 14% had obesity, 8% had depression, 7% had anxiety and 4% experienced sleeping, sexual and eating disorders (SSE). Having PCOS increased the odds of obesity nearly 6-fold (adjusted OR (aOR): 5.9 [95% CI:5.4-6.5]). This association was attenuated in models accounting for unobserved characteristics shared between full sisters, but remained considerable in size (Sister FE: aOR: 4.5 [95% CI: 3.6-5.6]). For depression (Sister FE: aOR: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.2-1.8]) and anxiety (Sister FE: aOR: 1.5 [95% CI: 1.2-1.8), there was a small decrease in the aORs when controlling for factors shared between sisters. Being diagnosed with SSE disorders yielded a 2.4 aOR (95% CI:2.0-2.6) when controlling for a comprehensive set of individual-level confounders, which only decreased slightly when controlling for factors at the family level such as shared genes or parenting style. Accounting for differences between sisters in observed early-life circumstances influenced the estimated associations marginally. Conclusion: Having been diagnosed with PCOS is associated with a markedly increased risk of obesity and sleeping, sexual and eating disorders, also after accounting for factors shared between sisters and early-life conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study utilized structural equation modeling with secondary Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study data (N = 1,267) to examine the relations between paternal economic hardship, nonresident father involvement, and co-parenting. Findings showed that paternal economic hardship (Year 5) was associated with higher child-reported father–child closeness (p <.05), but lower father-reported co-parenting (p <.05), at Year 9. Higher mother-reported co-parenting (Year 9) was associated with increased mother-reported father involvement (p <.001) at Year 9. Findings underscore the importance of including multiple perspectives, and practical implications include the need for practitioners to foster healthy co-parenting relationships to concurrently increase nonresident father involvement among racially/ethnically diverse and low-income fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phylogenetic networks are increasingly being considered better suited to represent the complexity of the evolutionary relationships between species. One class of phylogenetic networks that have received a lot of attention recently is the class of orchard networks, which is composed of networks that can be reduced to a single leaf using cherry reductions. Cherry reductions, also called cherry-picking operations, remove either a leaf of a simple cherry (sibling leaves sharing a parent) or a reticulate edge of a reticulate cherry (two leaves whose parents are connected by a reticulate edge). In this article, we present a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm to solve the problem of finding a maximum agreement cherry-reduced subnetwork (MACRS) between two rooted binary level-1 networks. This is the first exact algorithm proposed to solve the MACRS problem. As proven in an earlier work, there is a direct relationship between finding an MACRS and calculating a distance based on cherry operations. As a result, the proposed algorithm also provides a distance that can be used for the comparison of level-1 networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the association between parent-grandparent co-parenting and children's self-control as well as the potential moderated mediation mechanisms. Participants were 367 children aged from 3 to 6 years from two public kindergartens in Shanghai and Guangzhou, China. Their mothers were asked to complete multiple questionnaires including the parent-grandparent co-parenting scale, parenting style scale, and children's self-control, as well as their grandparents were asked to rate parenting practices. Research Findings: The results showed that: (1) parent-grandparent co-parenting was positively correlated with maternal authoritative parenting, grandparental authoritative parenting, and children's self-control, whereas negatively correlated with maternal authoritarian parenting and grandparental authoritarian parenting. (2) maternal authoritarian parenting mediated the relation between parent-grandparent co-parenting and children's self-control; (3) grandparental authoritarian parenting moderated the relations between parent-grandparent co-parenting, maternal authoritative parenting, and children's self-control. To be specific, for children whose grandparents adopted less authoritarian parenting, their self-control level was higher, and the parent-grandparent co-parenting could predict their self-control via maternal authoritative parenting. Practice or Policy: These findings provide valuable information on the importance of maternal and grandparental parenting styles between parent-grandparent co-parenting and preschoolers' self-control in Chinese culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of newborn screening for sickle cell disease is to diagnose the disease before the appearance of symptoms and to initiate early treatment. To answer the question "What genetic information needs to be communicated to parents when newborn screening reveals the presence of a sickle cell trait," we conducted a survey using a self-administered online questionnaire. We received responses from 122 healthcare workers and members of sickle cell disease associations, in France and French overseas departments. Our results showed similar positions on this issue. The information conveyed is not consistent and is the result of grassroots initiatives. The negative consequences generated by this information could be reduced when this information is delivered by a multidisciplinary team, within the framework of a dedicated consultation. This information on sickle cell trait status should be given in at least three key periods: the neonatal period, early adolescence, and later adolescence, when reproductive implications become important. Neonatal screening programs should develop systems that allow referring physicians to easily access the results of neonatal screening electronically. Harmonization of practices should allow a better analysis of the consequences of this counselling on family projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current systematic review examined the similarities and differences between mothers' and fathers' reported barriers and facilitators to engaging in family-based interventions for child and adolescent behavioural problems (aged 2–17 years). Systematic searches of six electronic databases and grey literature alongside a two-way screening process identified twenty eligible qualitative studies from 2004 to 2019. A thematic meta-synthesis identified similarities in major themes of psychological, situational, knowledge/awareness, programme/intervention, co-parenting, practitioner, and beliefs/attitudes factors, alongside group experiences and stages of engagement. However, differences emerged in subthemes related to parental, treatment, and service delivery factors that included individual ideologies of parenting, parental roles, and treatment participation; the role of mothers in facilitating engagement; and individual preferences for treatment content and delivery. Overall, findings suggest that while mothers and fathers experience similar challenges to engagement, they can also experience distinct challenges which need to be addressed at the treatment outset to maximise engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aim to examine the prevalence of shared placement in nonmarital cases, and we then consider whether and how nonmarital shared placement cases differ from sole mother cases across a variety of case characteristics and child support outcomes. Background: In recent decades, shared placement has become increasingly common after divorce, but less is known about the prevalence of shared placement in nonmarital cases. Shared placement may have important implications for families, and little is known about its prevalence in cases of unmarried parents or about characteristics of nonmarital families that have shared placement arrangements. Method: Leveraging unique administrative data on more than 6,000 nonmarital court cases, we examine the prevalence of shared placement, case characteristics of shared placement compared with sole placement cases, and child support measures by placement type. We use multivariate regression and bivariate analyses. Results: Although sole mother placement remains the norm, data indicate an increase in shared placement arrangements in recent cohorts of nonmarital cases. We find parents with shared placement arrangements tend to be slightly more advantaged across several measures. On average, shared placement cases have lower child support orders and payments and substantively higher compliance rates in the year after petition. Conclusion: Shared placement is increasing in nonmarital cases in recent years. Nonmarital families who have shared placement arrangements differ in important ways from families with sole mother custody. Implications: Findings suggest the importance of expanding the relevant shared placement literature and policy discussion to consider nonmarital cases in addition to divorce cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous initiatives concerning adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education in Low-or-Middle Income Countries (LMICs) have been limited by cultural norms and misinformation perpetuated within families. Responding to the paucity of research on the implementation of SRH interventions in LMICs and limited knowledge regarding their mechanisms, this study undertakes a process evaluation of a parent-focused intervention to promote parent-adolescent communication about SRH in Uganda. Methods: This paper explores the implementation, contextual factors and mechanisms of impact of the intervention, using the Medical Research Council (MRC) guidelines for process evaluations. Implementation was evaluated through indicators of dose, fidelity and adaptations, acceptability and feasibility. The contextual factors and mechanisms of impact were evaluated to refine the intervention's causal assumptions. Data was collected during April - October 2021 in South-Western Uganda using a mixed-methods approach, including document analysis, intervention observations, interviews, focus group discussions and most significant change stories. Results: The acceptability of the intervention was related to its community engagement, the strong rapport with delivery agents, and individual characteristics of participants. Five contextual factors influencing implementation were highlighted; (i) cultural norms, (ii) perceptions about youth SRH, (iii) poverty, (iv) Covid-19 pandemic, and (v) prior research projects in the community. When considering the intervention's mechanisms of impact, four causal pathways were identified; (i) Awareness of SRH needs helped parents overcome stigma, (ii) Parenting skills training improved SRH communication, (iii) Group learning stimulated shared parenting, and (iv) Group learning improved co-parenting. Conclusion: The paper presented three key learnings and corresponding recommendations for future research. Firstly, implementation success was credited to meaningful community engagement which improved acceptability and uptake. Secondly, the complex influences of contextual factors highlighted the need for contextual analysis in research studies to inform intervention design. Finally, this evaluation recognised the interplay between mechanisms of impact and suggested further research consider such combined impacts when designing intervention content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In southern Transylvania, sibling relations among herdsmen constitute a framework for organizing local shepherding practices. Our field data point to the importance of the brothers' and sisters' joint work in terms of the apprenticeship of young shepherds, the task rotation during seasonal transhumance, the sharing of their parents' herds, and (as a result) the intergenerational continuity of pastoral ownership. Therefore, sibling relations among herders should be considered not only demographic evidence of consanguinity but more importantly a traditional pattern of sociality and economic mutual help, i.e., an institution. The functionality of such an institutional model is confirmed by the anthropological literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared book reading is a well-established intervention for promoting child language and early development. Although most shared reading interventions have included children 3 years of age and older, recent evidence demonstrates dialogic strategies can be adapted for parents of infants and toddlers. The current study examines gains in parent book-sharing skills during a brief, structured intervention. Parent–child dyads participated in an 8-week book-sharing intervention, Ready, Set, Share A Book!, designed for 12- to 36-month-old children. Parent book-sharing skills were assessed at baseline, weekly during the intervention, and at intervention end. Parents demonstrated significant gains in book-sharing skills from baseline to end of intervention, and results also indicate immediate skill gains in response to instruction. Furthermore, improvement in book-sharing skills at end of intervention was evident within the same book. The current study extends previous evidence for the benefit of a brief, low intensity, targeted intervention to enhance parent book-sharing interactions with infants and toddlers. Future directions for research and implications for practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents' attitudes are an important indicator of whether and how parents engage in shared book reading (SBR) at home. This study analysed Norwegian parents' attitudes towards reading books with their children aged between 1–4.5 years. Thematic analysis of data from 24 interviews revealed two main themes in parents' accounts: agency (the child's independence, the adult's control as well as their shared control during SBR) and embodiment (physical presence and intimate experience of a SBR session). Both themes correspond to parents' preference for reading print rather than digital books with their children. Findings are discussed from the socio-material theoretical perspective, with attention to their practical and policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health issue across the globe due to its associations with health and wellbeing, especially among mothers and children. These associations are often more pronounced following separation or divorce, which can compromise safety given that women and children are at heightened risk during these transitions. Thus, it is critical to understand the implications of coparenting in the context of IPV. In this paper, we first discuss the literature on IPV broadly. In particular, we discuss the differences between two types of violence: coercive controlling violence (i.e., violence that occurs in the context of systematic control) and situational couple violence (i.e., violence that occurs without a pattern of control). We then link it to parenting and coparenting processes as they relate to separation and divorce. In this section, we focus heavily on the ways in which the legal system affects family dynamics as divorces make their way through the courts. Special attention is paid to the ways in which IPV affects child custody decisions and the safety of those decisions given empirical evidence suggesting that raising allegations of IPV often does not help achieve favorable court outcomes. We conclude with recommendations to guide family court practitioners based upon this substantial literature. Such recommendations center on the development and implementation of empirically‐derived assessment tools as well as systematic training of legal professionals. Key points for the family court community: Conceptualizing intimate partner violence (IPV) as discrete incidents of physical violence without considering context (e.g., coercive control vs. situational conflict) and chronicity underestimates the risks and harms associated with the insidious, daily nature of coercive control.When rigorously distinguished by a context of coercive control, different types of IPV are found to relate to different dynamics and outcomes. For example, coercive controlling violence (CCV) is predominantly perpetrated by men versus women and tends to be more frequent, severe, and injurious whereas situational couple violence (SCV) tends to be more gender symmetric (i.e., perpetrated by both men and women).Separation and divorce do not always end IPV, especially when children are involved, and separation from an abusive partner is often a lengthy, nonlinear process (e.g., multiple separations) that can vary by IPV type.Bringing allegations of IPV into divorce cases does not always result in greater protection, especially as it relates to parenting agreements.Children provide abusers with an ongoing link to their former partners, a link that is often reinforced when judges, parenting plan evaluators, and other family court professionals prioritize joint parenting arrangements. This coparental link leaves mothers and children vulnerable to ongoing intrusion and raises concerns about how to ensure safety if children are to maintain relationships with both parents.Translating empirical evidence about different types of IPV (e.g., that SCV is more common in the general public and tends to be less severe) to conclude that most IPV in family courts is SCV and therefore not of concern for parenting decisions is an inappropriate and potentially dangerous misuse of research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family violence is a multifaceted issue encompassing various harmful behaviors within familial relationships. This paper explores the definitional problems presented in this special issue on family violence and its impact on parenting and coparenting. By examining the shifts and expansions of concepts related to family violence over time, we highlight the transformative turns in this special issue that have helped us to clarify our understanding of family violence. We explore the transformative expansions of family violence by situating this exploration within a "concept creep" analysis. We make a note of the underlying assumptions associated with these concepts. Through an analysis of concept creep, we elucidate how the expansions and redefinition of violence‐related terms have influenced our understanding of family violence. By differentiating family violence, intimate partner violence, and maltreatment, we emphasize the necessity of unpacking these terms to avoid oversimplification or overlooking certain forms of violence that may go unnoticed under narrow definitions. The authors further highlight the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to address the complexities of family violence and its impact on parenting and coparenting. By acknowledging and responding to expansions of concepts in family violence, we can strive to protect and support children in these challenging circumstances, ultimately promoting their well‐being and creating safer family environments. Key points for the family court community: Family violence is a hypernym for various forms of violence and abuse that can impact intimate relationships.Concept creep provides a framework for understanding family violence concepts' horizontal and vertical expansions over time and its impact on parenting and coparenting.Due to the complexity of family violence, a systematic approach must thoroughly screen, assess and intervene to ensure the safety and well‐being of all family members.An ecological approach to family violence emphasizes the various interrelated levels that impact and influence the consequences of violence within families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The birth of a child is often a joyous occasion, but when a family experiences a neonatal intensive care stay, there may be mental health and relationship implications. In this quantitative study, 162 former neonatal intensive care (NICU) parents completed surveys related to their anxiety (PSWQ; Meyer et al., 1990), stress (SASRQ-for NICU; Cardena et al., 2000), depression (CESD-R; Eaton et al., 2004), relationship satisfaction (RAS; Hendrick et al., 1998), and coparenting (Brief Measure of Co-Parenting; Feinberg et al., 2012) along with selfreports of religious/spiritual coping (Brief RCOPE; Pargament et al., 2011) and spiritual disclosure (SDS; Brelsford & Mahoney, 2008) in the couple relationship. Participants were acquired after soliciting names from a state Bureau of Health Statistics and mothers were contacted via mail with a second survey for her coparent/partner. Respondents to this survey were married or were living together as partners. Infants were born on average at 31.65 weeks' gestation and spent an average of 33.23 days in the NICU. The average time elapsed between NICU discharge and parent survey completion was 414 days. Analyses were conducted via SPSS Version 28 and results indicated that there were significant inverse correlations between parents' mental health and their relationship functioning (spiritual disclosure, relationship satisfaction, and co-parenting). Moreover, parents' mental health challenges were significantly related to increased use of negative religious/spiritual coping. Finally, after accounting for relationship functioning, parents' use of negative religious coping had a significant link to their mental health outcomes. Thus, when parents are experiencing difficulties with their mental health after a NICU experience, they may struggle more with their marriage, co-parenting, and engage in more negative religious/spiritual coping. Therefore, additional research is needed on ways to support parents' mental health, relational functioning, and religious/spiritual lives following a NICU experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the comparative reconstruction of three sister languages, namely Oruhaya, Oluganda and Kiswahili. Specifically, it analyzes lexical verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs using the phonetic plausibility principle. The study was conducted in Missenyi District, Kagera Region, where the three languages are spoken. Data were obtained by interviewing three native speakers of Oruhaya and Oluganda, and five teachers who teach Kiswahili in public primary schools. Additional data was obtained from the Oruhaya dictionary, Oruhaya riddles, proverbs and songs, as well from the Luganda-English dictionary and a dictionary of Swahili proverbs and their usage. The study found that most Bantu language words have sound correspondence, since they share a parent, that is, proto-Bantu. The sounds of the three sister languages have the same status and undergo change. The recommendation and suggestions of this study are that similar studies of comparative reconstruction in other Bantu and non-Bantu languages should be conducted to obtain an overall description of the phenomenon under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Home-rearing environment (HRE) at an early age has a longitudinal effect on the development of children's self-control. Some evidence has articulated this relationship; however, few studies have addressed heterogeneous patterns in self-control. This study aimed to identify a typology of self-control among preschoolers and examine its relationship with HRE. A total of 430 children from the Child Care Cohort study in Japan were included to assess their HRE and self-control over 2 years. Latent class analysis was carried out to identify self-control patterns, and the relationship between HRE and different classes was explored using multinomial regression analyses. Three latent classes were found, characterized as high, moderate, and low levels. In addition, two HRE items were associated with preschoolers' self-control over 2 years. Children who often met peers of a similar age and whose parents often received others' help to care for them were more likely to have a higher level of self-control. This study indicated different patterns of self-control among preschoolers and highlighted the significance of HRE, particularly in peer involvement and co-parenting, in helping children develop high self-control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]