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New entrants and incumbent firms rely on new knowledge to innovate and compete in the market. One way to acquire new knowledge is through the recruitment of new employees from competitors, a phenomenon popularly known as "poaching." Digital labor platforms are widely used by firms for this aim. We argue that job titles represent the first and most visible public source of information about knowledge workers and thus play a key role in navigating the vast spectrum of competencies available in digital platforms. Our analyses of the career trajectories of 11,644 knowledge workers in the United States between 2004 and 2014 suggest that increases in the ambiguity of a job title claimed by an employee are negatively associated with the likelihood of the employee being hired by a new employer. This finding appears stronger in the case of transitions to incumbent firms rather than new entrants. In the concluding section of the paper, we take stock of the various analyses presented and reflect on the potential role of job titles in the strategic management of human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides the first systematic assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on the labor market for immigrant workers in Europe. The authors estimate that in 2020 extra-EU migrants were twice as likely and EU migrants were 1.6 times as likely to experience employment loss relative to comparable natives. To understand the determinants of these large gaps, the article focuses on three job characteristics— essentiality, temporariness, and teleworkability —and documents that migrants were overrepresented among essential, temporary, and low-teleworkable occupations at the onset of the pandemic. The authors estimate that pre-pandemic occupational sorting accounts for 25 to 35% of the explained migrant–native gap in the risk of employment termination, while sorting into industries accounts for the rest of the explained gap. More than half of this gap remains unexplained. Although major employment losses were averted thanks to the massive use of short-time work programs in Europe, migrant workers—particularly extra-EU migrants—suffered from high economic vulnerability during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Conservative parotidectomy for benign tumours reduces facial nerve palsy, without increasing local recurrence. We report a modified technique of partial parotidectomy and using a novel description of tumour position, explore relationships between tumour position and histological margins, facial nerve palsy and local recurrence.A prospectively collected single surgeon parotidectomy database was analysed, including tumour location (superficial/deep lobe; central/peripheral) and outcomes. A partial parotidectomy identified the facial nerve and the proximal portion of its branches with a macroscopically clear resection margin. Mean follow up was 5.9 years for pleomorphic adenomas.Three hundred and three patients underwent parotidectomy; 257 (84.8%) were superficial and 46 (15.2%) deep lobe. Tumour position was recorded in 291: 236 (81.1%) were peripheral tumours and 55 (18.9%) central. Histological margin involvement was similar in central and peripheral tumours, both overall and for superficial and deep lobe tumours, but was commoner in central deep lobe tumours, (P = 0.003). Temporary partial facial nerve palsy occurred in 21 (6.9%), with one permanent partial nerve palsy (0.3%). Deep lobe tumours and total parotidectomy were associated with facial nerve palsy (P = 0.01). Facial nerve monitoring reduced the risk of palsy (P < 0.01). Local recurrence of pleomorphic adenomas was uncommon, occurring in 3 (2.0%) of 151 patients.This series confirms the safety and adequacy of more conservative partial parotidectomy for benign tumours, highlighting most tumours are peripheral, but not more prone to histological margin involvement or local recurrence, and with routine intraoperative facial nerve monitoring, is achieved with low facial nerve palsy rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rising digitalization and individualism in the workplace after the COVID-19 pandemic have increased loneliness and related problems in the working-age population. The potential effects of various forms of loneliness on suicidal ideation may differ depending on employment status. Method: This is a cross-sectional study based on a national survey of mental health in the general Korean population. We classified occupations as "employed," "self-employed," or "unemployed." Loneliness was assessed using the UCLA Loneliness Scale, which measures both qualitative and quantitative aspects of loneliness. Suicidal ideation was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: A total of 1770 participants aged 30–65 years (mean age: 47.7 years) were included. The mean loneliness score was 43.9 (SD = 10.4), and 28% of the participants experienced a high level of loneliness. The prevalence ratio for suicidal ideation in the group with high levels of loneliness was 3.06 (95% CI 2.57, 3.63) compared to the group with low levels of loneliness. In our subgroup analysis, we consistently observed an association between loneliness and suicidal ideation across the employed group; however, the employed was more related with qualitative loneliness, the self-employed and the unemployed were more related with quantitative loneliness. Conclusions: Loneliness was associated with suicidal ideation. According to employment status, the associations were consistent, but there were interactions between type of loneliness and employment status. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce loneliness and prevent suicidal ideation should be tailored to specific employment groups, focusing on qualitative aspects for employed individuals and quantitative aspects for self-employed and unemployed individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: The diatom genus Druehlago was established to differentiate the type species from Craspedostauros and Achnanthes, on the basis of unique heteropolar, cuneate frustules and numerous lenticular plastids. The phylogenetic placement of Druehlago has, until now, relied solely on morphological evidence, suggesting a close relationship with the genus Craspedostauros. In the present study, we discovered a population of Druehlago cf. cuneata along the coast of Japan and established a cultured strain. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on rbcL, psbC and 18S rRNA genes was conducted to explore the phylogenetic position and classification of Druehlago. Our results revealed that D. cf. cuneata belongs to the Craspedostauros clade, but with weak statistical support, which is, in turn, sister to Achnanthes. Given the lack of support for various nodes within the Craspedostauros clade, constrained trees were constructed based on several hypotheses regarding the phylogenetic position of Druehlago. The hypothesis inferring monophyly of Druehlago and Achnanthes was statistically rejected, which highlights the close relationship between Druehlago and Craspedostauros. However, our topology tests provided no further resolution regarding the phylogenetic position of Druehlago within or outside Craspedostauros. Furthermore, the treatment of the specimens is discussed through a morphological comparison with the type of material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we focus on gender and class to investigate worktime domestic labour. Methodologically, we extend a novel, comparative critical realist method in which occupation-based and gendered positions in productive and reproductive labour are foregrounded. By building theoretical connections between labour process conditions and collective rule-following practices, we illustrate how inequalities are inscribed organisationally. Our analysis provides a more critical contextualisation of technological affordances to develop the literature on how technology is implicated in the reproduction of social inequality. Moreover, our analysis identifies multi-level causal processes, which combine to explain the presence and actualisation of worktime domestic labour or its absence, which is due, principally, to fear of sanction. For realist researchers interested in diversity-based challenges, absences are important because they can point towards specific discriminatory mechanisms. Our investigation thus revealed a surprising level of class-related in-work inequality within the gendered dynamics of domestic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article estimates the effect of immigration into an occupation on the wages of natives working in other, better-paid occupations. Using Annual Population Survey data from the UK we rank occupations by the Standard Occupation Classification provided by the ONS and find that increases in the migrant/native ratio raise average wages of natives working in the next higher ranked occupation by around 0.332%. Our findings have important implications for policy and public discourse. They suggest that debates over the economic impacts of migration often ignore the potential spill-over benefits that a migrant can bring to the outcomes for native workers elsewhere in the wage distribution, particularly in lower wage occupations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Our team has previously introduced the Single-Step Pedicle Screw System (SSPSS), which eliminates the need for K-wires, as a safe and effective method for percutaneous minimally invasive spine (MIS) pedicle screw placement. Despite this, there are ongoing concerns about the reliability and accuracy of screw placement in MIS procedures without traditional tools like K-wires and Jamshidi needles. To address these concerns, we evaluated the accuracy of the SSPSS workflow by comparing the planned intraoperative screw trajectories with the final screw positions. Traditionally, screw placement accuracy has been assessed by grading the final screw position using postoperative CT scans. (2) Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent lumbar interbody fusion, using intraoperative 3D navigation for screw placement. The planned screw trajectories were saved in the navigation system during each procedure, and postoperative CT scans were used to evaluate the implanted screws. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the Gertzbein and Robbins classification scores of the planned trajectories and the final screw positions. Accuracy was defined as a final screw position matching the classification of the planned trajectory. (3) Results: Out of 206 screws, 196 (95%) were accurately placed, with no recorded complications. (4) Conclusions: The SSPSS workflow, even without K-wires and other traditional instruments, facilitates accurate and reliable pedicle screw placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Chest x‐ray (CXR) remains a core component of health monitoring guidelines for workers at risk of exposure to crystalline silica. There has however been a lack of evidence regarding the sensitivity of CXR to detect silicosis in artificial stone benchtop industry workers. Methods: Paired CXR and high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images were acquired from 110 artificial stone benchtop industry workers. Blinded to the clinical diagnosis, each CXR and HRCT was independently read by two thoracic radiologists from a panel of seven, in accordance with International Labour Office (ILO) methodology for CXR and International Classification of HRCT for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases. Accuracy of screening positive (ILO major category 1, 2 or 3) and negative (ILO major category 0) CXRs were compared with identification of radiological features of silicosis on HRCT. Results: CXR was positive for silicosis in 27/110 (24.5%) workers and HRCT in 40/110 (36.4%). Of the 83 with a negative CXR (ILO category 0), 15 (18.1%) had silicosis on HRCT. All 11 workers with ILO category 2 or 3 CXRs had silicosis on HRCT. In 99 workers ILO category 0 or 1 CXRs, the sensitivity of screening positive CXR compared to silicosis identified by HRCT was 48% (95%CI 29–68) and specificity 97% (90–100). Conclusion: Compared to HRCT, sensitivity of CXR was low but specificity was high. Reliance on CXR for health monitoring would provide false reassurance for many workers, delay management and underestimate the prevalence of silicosis in the artificial stone benchtop industry. The use of CXR to screen artificial stone benchtop industry workers for silicosis has low sensitivity compared to HRCT chest, especially for early‐stage disease. Reliance on chest x‐ray for screening will fail to identify many workers with artificial stone silicosis and underestimate the prevalence of respiratory disease in this industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines polarization in political opinions toward immigration and the European Union between occupational classes, i.e. structural polarization. We maintain that two conditions must hold to indicate structural opinion polarization: high between-class divergence and high within-class consensus. Our main contribution is to study these two conditions systematically for a wide variety of immigration and EU-related topics. Using data from four high-quality German surveys spanning three decades, we document three main findings. First, we find substantial between-class divergence: respondents in typical working class occupations express substantially more unfavorable opinions about immigration and the EU than the upper classes across the majority of survey indicators. Second, however, we also observe considerable opinion heterogeneity within the working class. This lack of within-class consensus limits the potential of mobilizing the working class as a group on the basis of anti-immigration and anti-EU sentiments. Third, while we do not document durable increases in structural opinion polarization over time across most of our opinion indicators, we do draw attention to those individual indicators that show relatively high polarization. Overall, our results suggest limited opinion polarization between occupational classes on immigration and EU issues in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to several complex factors such as the type, size, and shape of target object, vision-assisted robot grasping technology still faces serious challenges. In this research, a deep learning-based robot hand vision grasping algorithm was developed considering semi-structural environmental constraints. The proposed algorithm could build a deep learning network on the basis of the desired object, perform object recognition, category classification and position judgment, and complete robot hand-grasping tasks. The obtained experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm effectively solved the problem of recognizing and classifying multi-category objects in a semi-structured environment, improving recognition rate and grasping rate and reducing collision rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compute the kernel of a shape embedded in 3D as a polygon mesh, which is defined as the set of all points that have a clear line of sight to every point of the mesh. The KerGen algorithm, short for Kernel Generation, employs efficient plane‐plane and line‐plane intersections, alongside point classifications based on their positions relative to planes. This approach allows for the incremental addition of kernel vertices and edges to the resulting set in a simple and systematic way. The output is a polygon mesh that represents the surface of the kernel. Extensive comparisons with the existing methods, CGAL and Polyhedron Kernel, demonstrate the remarkable timing performance of our novel additive kernel computation method. Yet another advantage of our additive process is the availability of the partial kernel at any stage, making it useful for specific geometry processing applications such as star decomposition and castable shape reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As global labor markets become increasingly unstable, scholars have attempted to operationalize and categorize different forms of poor-quality work, such as with underemployment and precarious work. While these have significant implications for mental health and other outcomes, scholars have mostly studied different forms of underemployment using variable-centered assumptions, which assume homogeneity among workers. However, person-centered approaches may be better suited to studying underemployment because of varying patterns of employment in different industries and occupational categories. Therefore, with a sample of working adults (N = 1,016), we used latent profile analysis to identify profiles of subjective underemployment using seven indicators. We found three distinct profiles: Fully employed, stable underemployed, and precarious workers. Subsequent analyses exploring symptoms of distress, meaningful work, decent work, occupational classification, and level of education revealed key distinctions among the groups, such as precarious workers having the greatest distress and poorest working conditions. Taken together, this study provides a meaningful distinction between underemployed and precarious workers, while highlighting the relevance of these employment groups for several key outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The problem of transcoding is recurrent when researchers wish to link occupational data from cohorts to Job-Exposure Matrices (JEMs) which were not set up in the same classifications. The Occupational Asthma-specific JEM (OAsJEM) is a JEM developed for assessing exposure to agents known at risk for asthma for jobs coded with ISCO88 occupation classification. To apply the OAsJEM in the CONSTANCES cohort, in which jobs and industries were coded with French PCS2003 and NAF2008 classifications respectively, we developed a crosswalk to convert jobs from PCS2003 into ISCO88 classification. Methods This work was carried out by 2 skilled coders and 1 novice coder who have worked independently by using different tools and transcoding strategies defined a priori. Consensus meetings were organized with skilled coders to define the final crosswalk. This work was elaborated in 2 steps: (i) for 38 ISCO88 codes classified as potentially exposed to cleaning and disinfection products by the OAsJEM, and (ii) for all jobs from the ISCO88 classification. A comparison between the 3 initial coder's crosswalk proposals and the final crosswalk was made for the 38 ISCO codes in step (i). Results The final crosswalk provided 998 matches between the 482 4-digit PCS2003 codes, 308 4-digit ISCO88 codes, and 31 3-digit ISCO88 codes. Information regarding the NAF2008 industry classification was also used in some cases to improve the final crosswalk. For the selected 38 ISCO88 codes, the final crosswalk provided 110 combinations, but the number of proposed ISCO88–PCS2003 couples by each of the 3 coders varied greatly from 68 to 153. In addition, an important variability between the 3 coders were observed among the number of common combinations between the initial coder's proposals and the final crosswalk (from 47% to 78%). Discussion We have developed a crosswalk specifically for an application of the OAsJEM in population-based surveys using the PCS2003 occupation classification. The development of this crosswalk is of great interest for the use of OAsJEM on the data of the CONSTANCES cohort and on any other survey with occupational data coded according to the French classifications. This OAsJEM crosswalk could be used by other teams to evaluate occupational exposures known to be at risk of asthma from occupational calendars coded with French classifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fires cause severe damage to the ecological environment and threaten human life and property. Although the traditional convolutional neural network method effectively detects large-area fires, it cannot capture small fires in complex areas through a limited receptive field. At the same time, fires can change at any time due to the influence of wind direction, which challenges fire prevention and control personnel. To solve these problems, a novel dynamic adaptive distribution transformer detection framework is proposed to help firefighters and researchers develop optimal fire management strategies. On the one hand, this framework embeds a context aggregation layer with a masking strategy in the feature extractor to improve the representation of low-level and salient features. The masking strategy can reduce irrelevant information and improve network generalization. On the other hand, designed a dynamic adaptive direction conversion function and sample allocation strategy to fully use adaptive point representation while achieving accurate positioning and classification of fires and screening out representative fire samples in complex backgrounds. In addition, to prevent the network from being limited to the local optimum and discrete points in the sample from causing severe interference to the overall performance, designed a weighted loss function with spatial constraints to optimize the network and penalize the discrete points in the sample. The mAP in the three baseline data sets of FireDets, WildFurgFires, and FireAndSmokes are 0.871, 0.909, and 0.955, respectively. The experimental results are significantly better than other detection methods, which proves that the proposed method has good robustness and detection performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the relationship between gender occupational intensity and wages in the Northern Triangle of Central America using national surveys carried out in 2014. Design/methodology/approach: A harmonized occupational classification at the -digit level is built with the objective of analyzing the occupational distribution across countries. Then, quantile regressions (QRs) are estimated to explore in detail which factors are affecting the wages of both females and males; in particular, this paper pays special attention to female occupational intensity (the share of females within each occupation). Findings: The comparative analysis suggests that women are overrepresented in certain occupations, and they are much more likely to be working in part-time jobs than men in all countries. Furthermore, findings reveal that working in female-dominated occupations has a negative effect on wages along the distribution across countries. However, the effect of this variable is higher at the lower quantile of the distribution for women, especially in El Salvador and Honduras. Originality/value: This paper first proposes a new typology of occupations, which allows a consistent and comparable analysis of the occupational structure. The results then provide a picture to address gender occupational intensity and its links with wages. Further, the characteristics of the labor market and differences in trends across these countries suggest that this topic requires challenging research for the region. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-03-2021-0165 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The positive effect of job crafting on employees and organizations is widely acknowledged. Recently, attention has also been drawn to its potential negative impact. In light of this, the concept and classification of job crafting have been reorganized from an approach-avoidance perspective. A "double-edged sword" effect model of job crafting has been constructed within the framework of "motivation-behavior-job outcomes." In conjunction with the conservation of resources theory, job resources and personal resources have been introduced to explore their moderating effects. The results, based on data from 333 subjects, indicate that proactive crafting motives facilitate the promotion of approach crafting, which in turn enhances job engagement, with approach crafting serving as a mediator in this process. Reactive crafting motives are found to positively influence avoidance crafting, leading to increased levels of counterproductive work behavior, with avoidance crafting playing a partial mediating role. Additionally, job resources positively regulate the relationship between proactive crafting motives and approach crafting, while personal resources negatively regulate the relationship between avoidance crafting and counterproductive work behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new round of land spatial system planning and reconstruction, a top-down land spatial planning system has gradually been established. Village planning is an important component of the national spatial planning system and an important lever for rural revitalization. However, there are still some shortcomings in the completed village planning results. In order to improve village planning, this article used a linear regression model to conduct a significance analysis on 127 samples selected from the completed "multi planning and integration practical village planning" in Qujing City. The main influencing factors and their weights that affected the results of practical village planning were identified. The results showed that factors such as construction land scale, homestead area, and conflicts between the "three districts and three lines" had a greater impact on the weight, and these indicators were more in line with relevant policy regulations, the more reasonable the village planning is; the impact weight of village classification and positioning, industrial development direction, and other indicators was relatively small. The closer these indicators were to reality, the stronger the practicality and feasibility of village planning. Based on the analysis results, targeted measures are proposed to improve village planning from four aspects: policy, talent, funding, and publicity, providing experience for other unfinished areas and strengthening the guidance of rural revitalization planning, so as to consolidate the foundation for better rural revitalization and socialist modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The journal Estudios de Literatura Colombiana has been reclassified in the Q1 quartile of the SCIMAGO Journal Rank (SJR) 2023, placing it in the first quartile of its thematic category in terms of impact factor. This classification positions it as one of the most influential journals in its field. Thanks are given to the Faculty of Communications and Philology, as well as to Professor Andrés Vergara and Christian Benavides for their work as editors of the journal. Additionally, research and literary analysis are presented on different Colombian works and authors, including Gabriel García Márquez's relationship with political power in his work "El otoño del patriarca", Bonnett's poetry, Juan Cárdenas' novel "El diablo de las provincias", and Pablo Montoya's novel "La sombra de Orión" and Daniel Ferreira's "Recuerdos del río volador" as vehicles of memory about forced disappearance. The journal also includes a conference, interviews, and reviews of other books. [Extracted from the article]

The Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) is currently the most important data source that provides information on the key skills possessed by workers, including literacy and numeracy. However, to assess skill mismatch, we also need information on the required skills in those domains, measured in the same metric and scale. In this article, we use the Job Analysis Method (JAM) to determine the required skill levels of literacy and numeracy for all four-digit International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) 2008 unit groups. JAM is often considered the 'gold standard' in estimating required levels but has never been used in the context of PIAAC. This article thus presents the first results on the prevalence of skill mismatches using JAM comparing different OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries and different occupations. We compare our results with alternative methods and show some advantages of using JAM. We discuss some of the limitations as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although object detection has achieved great success in the field of computer vision in the past few years, the performance of detecting small objects has not yet achieved ideal results. For instance, UAV aerial photography object detection plays an important role in traffic monitoring and other fields, but it faces some great challenges. The objects in aerial images are mainly small objects, the resolution of whom is low and the feature expression ability of whom is very weak. Information will be lost in high-dimensional feature maps, and this information is very important for the classification and positioning of small objects. The most common way to improve small object detection accuracy is to use high-resolution images, but this incurs additional computational costs. To address the above-mentioned problems, this article proposes a new model SINextNet, which uses a new dilated convolution module SINext block. This module is based on depth-separable convolution, and can improve the receptive field of the model. While extracting small object features, it can combine small object features with background information, greatly improving the feature expression ability of small objects. The experimental results indicate that the method proposed in this paper can achieve advanced performance across multiple aerial datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the 1979 and 1997 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this paper shows that the growing return to social skills documented by Deming (2017. "The Growing Importance of Social Skills in the Labor Market." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132 (4): 1593–640) has been largely concentrated on college-educated workers, rather than on high school-educated workers. These findings are corroborated by the pronounced occupational sorting of college-educated workers into occupations requiring high levels of social skills. Moreover, the wage premium for college-educated workers employed in these occupations has increased markedly. Our empirical evidence provides one possible source of rising wage inequality within and between education levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between soft tissue dimensions and radial root position (RRP) classification for immediate implant placement on maxillary anterior teeth. Maxillary anterior teeth (n = 420) were analyzed in the radial plane of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Each tooth was classified according to its RRP: class I, (IA, IB); class II (IIA, IIB) class III; class IV, and class V. Soft tissue thickness at different landmarks, supracrestal soft tissue height, and crestal bone thickness were measured in CBCT. Keratinized tissue width was clinically measured. Gingival phenotype (thick or thin) was evaluated by transparency of the periodontal probe and at the landmark 2 mm from the gingival margin in CBCT. Class I tooth position accounted for 31.7%, class II for 45%, class III for 13.3%, class IV for 0.5%, and class V for 9.5%. The gingival phenotype was associated with RRP (χ2 test, p < 0.05). Soft tissue dimensions were significantly different over RRP classes (ANOVA and Tukey tests, p < 0.05). Types IA and IIA presented both thick soft and hard tissues. When planning immediate implants in the anterior maxilla, soft tissue dimensions evaluation should be incorporated into RRP classification to increase the accuracy and predictability of treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varroa mites, notorious for parasitizing honeybees, are generally classified as Varroidae. Their extremely modified morphologies and behaviors have led to debates regarding their phylogenetic position and classification as an independent family. In this study, two different datasets were employed to reconstruct the phylogenies of Varroa mites and related Laelapidae species: (1) 9257 bp from the whole 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes of 24 taxa, (2) 3158 bp from 113 taxa using Sanger sequencing of four nuclear loci. Both mitochondrial and nuclear analyses consistently place Varroa mites within the Laelapidae. Here we propose to place Varroa mites in the subfamily Varroinae stat. nov., which represents a highly morphologically adapted group within the Laelapidae. Ancestral state reconstructions reveal that bee-associated lifestyles evolved independently at least three times within Laelapidae, with most phoretic traits originating from free-living ancestors. Our revised classification and evolutionary analyses will provide new insight into understanding the Varroa mites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models of self-selection predict that occupations with flat wage schedules attract workers of lower average ability. However, in certain prominent occupations such as academia and the civil service, wages are flat yet the average skill level is high. In this paper, I examine whether social status concerns can explain this puzzle. I find that within-occupation status allows flat wage occupations to attract predominantly high-skilled workers, but only at the cost of attracting few workers overall. If, however, workers care about both within- and between-occupation status then occupations paying flat wages can be arbitrarily large and attract workers of high average skill. I conclude that within- and between-occupation status concerns act as complements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the position of the mandibular lingula (ML) in adult patients (aged between 18 and 35 years old) with different skeletal and growth patterns using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). Design: Cross‐sectional. Setting: Dentistry department of University. Subjects: Subjects comprised CBCT images of 150 adult patients, including 300 rami. Methods and Materials: In total, 150 CBCT aged between 18 and 35 were selected and divided into three main groups of 50 samples based on their skeletal relationships (classes I, II and III). Patients were subdivided based on their growth pattern (vertical vs. horizontal), resulting in 25 samples per subgroup. Distances between the mandibular lingula and occlusal plane (ML‐OP), sigmoid notch (ML‐SN), external oblique ridge (ML‐EOR), internal oblique ridge (ML‐IOR), posterior border of the ramus (ML‐PBR), inferior border of the ramus (ML‐IBR), and horizontal and vertical distances to the mandibular foramen (ML‐hMF and ML‐vMF). One‐way ANOVA variance analysis was employed to compare different angle classifications, and Bonferroni analysis was used for multiple comparisons. The Student's t‐test was also used to compare growth patterns within each main group and genders within the subgroup. Results: The study revealed statistically significant differences in the position of the mandibular lingula between different angle classifications, growth patterns, and genders. Class II samples showed a more anterior position of the ML, whereas Class III samples displayed a more posterior position of the ML. Patients with horizontal growth patterns and Angle Class III had a more posteriorly positioned ML. Gender differences were observed, particularly in Class I and Class III classifications, suggesting that gender may influence the variability of ML position in these specific classifications. Conclusion: The position of the mandibular lingula showed high variability among individuals with different angle classifications, growth patterns and genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat exposure exceeding the ISO7243:1989 standard limit can contribute to health problems among employees in a variety of workplaces. Ignoring heat standard requirements in hot working conditions such as bakeries results in physiologic and health problems, as well as an elevated risk of later illnesses. In this analytical case-control study, the serum levels of four inflammatory factors (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein) were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 105 male artisan bakers (in four job classifications in bakeries and staff) were compared based on demographic characteristics and inflammatory factors. The findings of the study showed correlations between serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels and thermal exposure in the occupational environment and employment type. Moreover, some differences in serum level of interleukin-1β and job type were observed. Heat overexposure affected the increase of interleukin-1β and C-reactive protein secretion. As a result of years of working in high-temperature conditions, inflammation can lead to subsequent diseases in workers. To protect their health from this occupational hazard, additional safeguards are needed. Our recommendations could also be applied to overly hot work environments that may cause heat stress in workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the impact of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on party-system dynamics in Russia by analyzing the war-related communication of the five main "systemic opposition" parties, their leaders, and three Communist MPs who initially criticized the invasion. Examining their adoption of established pro-war regime propaganda (anti-Ukrainian, anti-Western, "Z-talk") or anti-war rhetoric, we assess the extent of rhetorical convergence in the party system. Based on a dictionary analysis of over 60,000 posts between February 2021 and February 2023, we find the Communist Party to be the most proactive in its pro-war jingoism, Just Russia leader Sergey Mironov to be the clearest case of a regime mouthpiece for Z-talk, and only Yabloko to provide weak but consistent dissent, while New People and the three Communist MPs avoid both pro-war and anti-war rhetoric. Our findings indicate a functional reconfiguration of the party system, stopping short of full-fledged rhetorical harmonization toward "GDR-ization." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: A sense of agency is associated with complex occupation-related responsibilities. A taxonomy can guide clinicians in enhancing responsibility in patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Objective: To (1) discover levels of responsibility in occupations for PwPD and (2) propose a taxonomy for occupations. Design: A two-round Delphi study with PwPD and a one-round Delphi study with international experts. Setting: Electronic survey. Participants: PwPD (N = 75) and international experts (N = 8). Outcomes and Measures: PwPD expressed their levels of an inherent sense of responsibility for each occupation (1 = very low responsibility, 5 = very high responsibility). International experts rated their level of agreement (5 = strongly agree, 1 = strongly disagree) with each dimension of the taxonomy. A consensus was determined to have been reached if the interquartile range was ≤1 and 70% agreement in two adjacent categories was achieved. Results: Thirty-three occupation categories were deemed as having very high to moderate responsibility for PwPD. Consequences of actions and the presence of others made up the two-dimensional responsibility taxonomy. Occupations have more challenging responsibility characteristics when they are performed with free choice, a level of high physical effort, alone, and with moral consequences. Conclusions and Relevance: This study yielded the first consensus among PwPD regarding responsibility in occupations as well as a classification system for charting the complexity of responsibility in occupations. The occupation list we have created can be beneficial to health care professionals when providing interventions or conducting outcome assessments. Plain-Language Summary: When planning interventions for patients with Parkinson's disease, it can be helpful for clinicians to be aware of patients' perspectives regarding their sense of responsibility to perform occupations. The use of a systematic sequence of challenging occupations with responsibility attributes ranging from less complex to more complex can help enhance patient occupational participation. This study yielded the first consensus among people with Parkinson's disease regarding their sense of responsibility in performing occupations as well as a classification system for charting the complexity of responsibility in occupations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Falls can cause severe injuries, if an elderly person has a "long-life." In the presented research work, we have applied the widely known benchmark dataset "L2ei" and the customized "Geriatric-2000" dataset, which contains more than 6,000 elderly fall video sequences. The 25 human skeleton features are extracted using the customized 3D Open Pose methodology. The proposed research work presents a customized 3D Context-based LSTM-CNN enabled CareVision framework for fall position classification for elderlies. Furthermore, the proposed research work is compared with other customized AI-enabled computer vision approaches such as Fine KNN, Medium KNN, Decision Tree, long shortterm memory network (LSTM), Bi-LSTM and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The proposed 3D CareVision Framework has achieved an accuracy of 98.23 percent and a ROC value of 0.96. The indicated results demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the proposed 3D CareVision Framework for elderly fall position classifications. The proposed 3D CareVision Framework will assist elderly personnels in case of emergencies and notify house members by sending emergency fall alerts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the experience of campus recreation participants has been studied extensively. However, scholars have paid relatively little attention to employees of campus recreation. This study examined the relationship between Sense of Community (SOC) and job satisfaction of employees in Campus Recreation Center (CRC), and the impact of demographic information, including job classification and tenure, on the levels of their SOC and job satisfaction. Survey data were collected from CRC employees, including student employees, graduate assistants, part-time and full-time employees. Results indicated a positive relationship between SOC and job satisfaction that employees experienced. Even though results did not suggest the influence of employee's job classification and tenure on the levels of SOC and job satisfaction, it was found that job classification influenced three of nine factors of job satisfaction (e.g., fringe benefits, operating conditions, and coworker). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jobs for clinical research professionals (CRPs) have grown increasingly complex over the past 20+ years. This is due largely to additional administrative burden for investigators, study teams, sponsors, Clinical Research Organizations (CROs), and sites, particularly Academic Medical Centers (AMCs). Furthermore, National Institutes of Health (NIH) has reduced capacity to effectively fund research recognizing this is dependent on the overall congressional budget, which creates greater pressure for clinician scientists to secure external support. It is widely known clinical research will continue to become increasingly more complex for clinician scientists. This manuscript explores adoption of a clinical research competency-based job classification framework from the Joint Task Force for Clinical Trial Competency (JTFCTC) across several AMCs and the role of Human Resources (HR) in facilitating this process. This collaboration focuses on fostering successful projects tied to the business case in order to address equity and improve support for the clinical research enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in collaboration between medical imaging and artificial intelligence technology. The use of automated techniques for detecting medical symptoms has become increasingly prevalent. However, there has been a lack of research on the relationship between impacted teeth and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in DPR images. The severe compression of teeth against the IAN may necessitate the requirement for nerve canal treatment. To reduce the occurrence of such events, this study aims to develop an auxiliary detection system capable of precisely locating the relative positions of the IAN and impacted teeth through object detection and image enhancement. This system is designed to shorten the duration of examinations for dentists while concurrently mitigating the chances of diagnostic errors. The innovations in this research are as follows: (1) using YOLO_v4 to identify impacted teeth and the IAN in DPR images achieves an accuracy of 88%. However, the developed algorithm in this study achieves an accuracy of 93%. (2) Image enhancement is utilized in this study to expand the dataset, with an accuracy of up to 2~3% enhancement in detecting diseases. (3) The segmentation technique proposed in this study surpasses previous methods by achieving 6% higher accuracy in dental diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using 1.6 m marriages, 1837–1939, and a genealogy of 428,000 people 1600–2022, we estimate three new occupational status indices for England 1800–1939. The first, CCC-HISCO, re-estimates the HISCAM-GB index, using 30 times as much data. The second, CCC, uses the same association methodology behind HISCAM to assign status but employs richer occupation classifications than in HISCO-GB. The third, CCC2, links this richer set of occupations to measures of education and wealth, using principal component analysis. The close correlation between the CCC and CCC2 indices shows the HISCAM methodology generates occupational status indices, rather than just social proximity measures. All three new indices perform better than existing HISCAM indices, by the metric of father-son status correlation. They all imply less social mobility 1800–1939 than current indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupations are typically characterized in nominal form, a format that limits options for hypothesis testing and data analysis. We drew upon ratings of knowledge, skills, and abilities for 966 occupations listed in the US Department of Labor's Occupational Classification Network (O*NET) database to create an accessible, standardized multidimensional space in which occupations can be quantitatively localized and compared. Principal component analysis revealed that the occupation space comprises three main dimensions that correspond to (1) the required amount of education and training, (2) the degree to which an occupation falls within a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) discipline versus social sciences and humanities, and (3) whether occupations are more mathematically or health related. Additional occupational spaces reflecting cognitive versus labor-oriented categories were created for finer-grained characterization of dimensions within occupational sets defined by higher or lower required educational preparation. Data-driven groupings of related occupations were obtained with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Proof-of-principle was demonstrated with a real-world dataset (470 participants from the Nathan Kline Institute – Rockland Sample; NKI-RS), whereby verbal and non-verbal abilities—as assessed by standardized testing—were related to the STEM versus social sciences and humanities dimension. Visualization of Latent Components Assessed in O*Net Occupations (VOLCANO) is provided to the research community as a freely accessible tool, along with a Shiny app for users to extract quantitative scores along the relevant dimensions. VOLCANO brings much-needed standardization to unwieldy occupational data. Moreover, it can be used to create new occupational spaces customized to specific research domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: The water industry needs updated job descriptions, not just for positions requiring digital expertise but to cultivate a digital workforce that expects to learn new skills over time. Novel technologies such as digital twins, drones, and virtual reality training require new job classifications for digital workers in the water sector, now and in the future. To meet water workforce challenges like employee retention and retirements, accurate job announcements can help utilities fill vacancies faster and maintain a professionally agile staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Different recommendations for the classification of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity reactions (NSHSR) in children have been reported but a shortage still exists. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inclusivity of two European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) position paper classifications and to characterize the factors that underlie classification discordance in children. Methods: Patients with a history of NSHSR were evaluated with a standardized diagnostic protocol according to EAACI/European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA) recommendations. Children were classified and compared according to the EAACI 2013 and the pediatric EAACI/ENDA 2018 classifications. Subjects who were unclassified and those who were classified were compared. Results: Of 232 patients (median [interquartile range] age 6 years (4-11 years) with a history of NSHSR, 52 (22.4%) were confirmed with diagnostic tests. Thirty-six (69.2%) were classified as having cross-intolerance, whereas 16 patients (30.8%) were classified as selective responders. Eleven of the confirmed cases (21.2%) could not be categorized according to the 2013 EAACI classification, whereas this number was six adolescents (11.5%) when the 2018 EAACI/ENDA pediatric classification was used. Patients who were unclassified and who were all cross-intolerant were more likely to have atopic sensitization (p = 0.001) and asthma as an underlying disease (p = 0.03), higher serum eosinophil count (p = 0.022), and total immunoglobulin E levels (p = 0.007) compared with those who fit well into the classification. In multivariate regression analysis, the presence of atopic sensitization (adjusted odds ratio 20.36 [95% confidence interval, 2.14-193.48]; p = 0.009) was found to be the only significant underlying factor for an unclassified and/or blended phenotype. Conclusion: The 2013 EAACI classification resulted in a high rate of subjects who were unclassified. Despite better clinical utility, the recent pediatric EAACI/ENDA classification system still has shortcomings in terms of inclusivity for adolescents. Mostly, children with underlying allergic diseases could not be classified by the current guidelines. We propose to classify them as a separate pediatric cross-intolerance subgroup because the underlying mechanism may involve more than cyclooxygenase 1 inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Isotoma longiflora L is commonly used as a medicinal plant by the local community in Indonesia, and its geographical position determines its bioactive compounds and hence its efficacy. Ethanol extracts of Isotoma longiflora leaves from various locations in Aceh Province were analyzed using a simple infrared spectroscopy technique combined with chemometrics to determine the effect of geographical location and conditions by classification and authentication. METHODS: Isotoma longiflora leaf samples were collected from Aceh Besar (a geothermal manifestation of Ie Suum), Banda Aceh, Aceh Jaya, Bireun, and Central Aceh. Principal component analysis was used to categorize the ethanol extract of Isotoma longiflora leaves, and a linear discriminant analysis was used for authentication. FINDINGS: The principal component analysis score plot indicated 89 percent of total data variance and that the samples formed three distinct groups: group I consisting of Aceh Tengah and Bener Meriah samples; group II of Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh samples; and group III of Aceh Selatan, Aceh Barat Daya, Aceh Jaya, and Bireun. A linear discriminant analysis was then used to validate these results, and the linear discriminant analysis model derived from the cross-validation predicted the origin of Isotoma longiflora samples with 100 percent accuracy rate. CONCLUSION: The Isotoma longiflora leaf extracts were successfully classified using Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy data processed through chemometric calculations (namely, principal component analysis). Based on the cross-validation using linear discriminant analysis showed that the prediction model had a 100 percent accuracy. The present study thus revealed the effect of geographical location on the composition of bioactive compounds in Isotoma longiflora, suggesting the potential of chemometric techniques for quality control and assurance in traditional medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undoubtedly, one of the most common machine learning challenges is multiclass classification. In light of this, a novel bio-inspired neural network (NN) has been developed to address multiclass classification-related issues. Given that weights and structure determination (WASD) NNs have been acknowledged to alleviate the disadvantages of conventional back-propagation NNs, such as slow training pace and trapping in a local minimum, we developed a bio-inspired WASD algorithm for multiclass classification problems (BWASDC) by using the metaheuristic beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm to enhance the WASD algorithm's learning process. The BWASDC's effectiveness is then evaluated through applications in occupational classification systems. It is important to mention that systems of occupational classification serve as a fundamental indicator of occupational exposure. For this reason, they are highly significant in social science research. According to the findings of four occupational classification experiments, the BWASDC model outperformed some of the most modern classification models obtainable through MATLAB's classification learner app on all fronts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper scrutinizes the connection between demographic aspects and the perception of executive leadership at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (SSRU), as perceived by academic and support staff. Emphasizing demographic factors such as gender, academic qualifications, and job type, the study explores staff perspectives and their influence on the perception of executive leadership. Data was collected from 253 participants using stratified random sampling and a questionnaire, with findings analyzed via t-Test and One-way ANOVA. The results revealed no significant correlation between gender or academic qualifications and goal-directed leadership. However, a statistically significant difference was found between job classification and goal-directed leadership. These findings offer valuable implications for tailoring leadership approaches at SSRU, suggesting that job type may play a more significant role in shaping leadership perceptions than previously assumed. Consequently, this could inform future leadership strategies, contributing to improved staff engagement and organizational success at SSRU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this study is to inform our hypothesis that the workplace toileting environment may impact lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); we examined the prevalence of LUTS across occupational groups in the Boston Area Community Health Survey. Methods: At baseline, women (n = 3205) reported their occupation and frequency of 15 LUTS. Using the US Department of Labor's Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system, we categorized women into 11 standard occupational groups. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated by log‐link generalized linear models, adjusting for age, race, education, fluid intake, and parity. Women classified in Office and Administrative Support were used as the reference group given their potential for fewer workplace toileting restrictions. Results: Of the 3189 women with complete data, 68% of women reported any LUTS, ranging from 57% to 82% across the SOCs. Relative to women in Office and Administrative Support (n = 576), women in Computing, Engineering, and Science (n = 64) were more likely to report any LUTS (PR = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.0–1.4) and urinating again in <2 h (PR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4–2.2), and women in Education, Legal, Community Service, Arts, and Media (n = 477), as well as Healthcare Practitioner and Technical Occupations (n = 162), were less likely to report perceived frequent daytime urination (PR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5–0.9 and PR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9, respectively). Conclusions: Our cross‐sectional findings suggest that urination frequency varies across understudied occupational groups with various workplace toileting environments. Future studies should examine this relationship prospectively to inform the influence of workplace toileting environments on urination frequency, as well as the development and/or worsening of LUTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]