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Introduction and Objective: This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of caffeine against Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) damage in Wistar rats. Material and methods: Eighteen female Wistar rats were divided into three groups (Sham, IR, Caffeine+IR, n=6). Hepatic ischemia was induced at 70% with 1 and 2 hours of reperfusion. The vehicle (saline solution) or 20 mg/kg of caffeine was administered before the induction of IR. The hepatoprotective effect was evaluated with biochemical markers, relative expression of genes associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines, and histology. The trial was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: Caffeine significantly reduced levels of ALT, AST and direct bilirubin vs. IR group. Regarding the relative expression of genes, a significant decrease in the expression of the GPX, NF-κβ and IL-1β genes was observed in the group treated with caffeine, while there was a decrease in the concentrations of IL-Iß, IL -6 and TNF-α; however, only TNF- α had a significant decrease. No histological changes were observed in the study groups Discussion: Caffeine treatment was shown to have a hepatoprotective effect against IR injury, possibly because it is a non-selective antagonist of the adenosine receptor. It has previously been shown that, in the liver, an extracellular increase in adenosine followed by its binding to its A2 receptor, serves to signal an increase in nitric oxide synthesis, which was associated with a cytoprotective effect against IR injury. Conclusions: Caffeine was shown to have a hepatoprotective effect against IR liver injury Funding: The resources used in this study were from the hospital without any additional financing Declaration of interest: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Introduction and Objective: To evaluate the lipid-lowering activity of cinnamon essential oil in a model of acute hyperlipidemia induced by Triton WR-1339 in Wistar rats. Material and methods: Male and female Wistar rats 250-350g were divided randomly into five groups of six rats: Normal control group (SHAM), hyperlipidemic group (HL), non-toxicity cinnamon group (NO TOX), cinnamon essential oil + Triton WR-1339 group (AEC), atorvastatin treatment group (ATORV).Orogastric administration was performed for seven days and subsequently, triton or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally for 24 hours before undergoing sacrifice. The non-toxicity of cinnamon essential oil at a concentration of 200mg/kg, biochemical markers, proinflammatory cytokines and expression of genes associated with oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated. The trial was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: No increase in liver enzymes was observed in rats from the group of non-toxicity. Cinnamon essential oil administration significantly reduced cholesterol (COL), triglycerides (TG), and VLDL levels. Regarding the measurement of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of genes related to oxidative stress and inflammation, no effect was observed on these parameters at the evaluated dose of cinnamon essential oil. Discussion: Cinnamon essential oil treatment showed a significant reduction in COL, TG and VLDL levels, displaying a higher effectivity than atorvastatin. The non-significant results in the levels of cytokines and expression of genes related to oxidative stress and inflammation could be attributed to the acute damage model employed; had more time been given to the model, said makers might have been activated. Conclusions: The hypolipidemic activity of cinnamon essential oil was demonstrated to be more effective than atorvastatin. Funding: The resources used in this study were from the hospital without any additional financing Declaration of interest: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.