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Introduction The centralization process of the Document Supplies Services (DSS) started in 2008. During the process a restructuring of the tasks performed by the staff was made. This centralization allowed the library staff to diversify their work and invest this time in other projects that were being starting (training plan, social networks, Infosalut.com, etc.). Objective The objective of this centralization was to democratize and centralize the access and most relevant information management at a single point available both on the Bibliosalut webpage and the linksource tools on the different databases. Method We decided to use the management system GTBib-SOD, a form to requests documents was integrated in a linkresolver and different procedure were created to manage the different tasks related with de DSS, to divide the work and establishing different timetables to attend this service, thanks to that the library staff were not all their journey dedicated to this service. Results Request time during 2018 was of 1.05 days for users request documents, and 0,06 for libraries request documents. Thanks to a satisfaction survey in 2015, we know that this service is greatly appreciated by the users, since the score obtained was 8.81. The number of requests was raising constantly until 2016, then started to decrease significantly in 2017. Conclusion The timetable made to manage the DSS allowed the staff not to work all the time on this service, and dedicate more time to other tasks. During 2018, the response time during 1.39 days for positive response to the users; and 0.08 days for other libraries. We think that this proves that, thanks to good time management, it is possible to coordinate this service correctly, and in this way, diversify tasks of the virtual library staff.

In 2012, Carlos III Health Institute, by means of the National Library of Health Sciences and in partnership with the Virtual Health Libraries of the Autonomous Communities, promoted with a public and open nature the National Union Catalogue for Publications on Health Sciences. It can be accessed freely and universally through its webpage and connects with the main ILL systems. This communication addresses the evolution and improvement of the Catalogue from its creation until the present time, its performance in Beta version and final implementation, as well as upcoming developments. In 2014, the first developments of the Catalogue were reported in the 15th National Conference on Information and Documentation in Health Sciences (http://jornadasbibliosalud.isciii.es/posteres/). From that moment on, the bibliographical information from journals and collections of the participating libraries have been steadily incorporated. In 2017, once a new improved version of the application was developed, a beta version of the Catalogue was launched and most of the collections initially uploaded were updated. In 2018, a resolution on the operation and coordination of the Catalogue was published in order to make official ISCIII’s support to this tool, it was officially launched in November of that year, the first meeting of its Technical Committee took place and it began its intensive use. Since the last report was issued in 2014, 9.287 journals and 193.093 collections corresponding to 266 libraries from every Autonomous Community have been added. The number of participating centers has also increased by 54. Moreover, a webpage and a blog have been implemented, the participating libraries receive technical and documental support suited to their needs, a connection with the GTBIB and ILL17 applications has been established, 142 new membership applications have been signed and access statistics have been elaborated. The possibility of a new version of the application, featuring technical improvements, is been evaluated as a future development. CNCS emerges as a collaborative tool of a public nature. Today, we are facing challenges that, when successfully addressed, will lead to improvements that will allow the Catalogue to consolidate and become a constantly evolving living resource, just like the 17 realities that compose it.

In the previous Kohaference meeting, the National Library of Health Sciences presented in a workshop the National Health Sciences Catalog (CNCS) when it was in Beta phase. The Catalog, of a public nature and open access, is composed of a data management layer developed in Koha and a new generation OPAC developed in Vufind. A data management interface has been developed in order to allow holdings to be updated automatically from the centers themselves, a document delivery system compatible with interlibrary loan applications and a module for requests management. CNCS was officially launched in November 2018 with the holdings of 266 libraries from every Autonomous Community. The presentation will show the evolution and progress of the catalog since its creation, Beta version and definitive launch, as well as future developments.

The paper "pirating" site Sci-Hub is used all over the world. Is Sci-Hub download traffic affecting usage of interlibrary loan? We use two independent methods to uncover any relationships. What is it about the most requested articles from Sci-Hub that causes users to obtain their research articles via extra-legal means? This paper attempts to answer these questions and more.

Gabriel J. Gardner, senior assistant librarian for criminal justice, linguistics and Romance, German, and Russian Languages and Literatures at the California State University, Long Beach. Gardner will discuss the guerilla open access movement.

There are dedicated spaces across social media platforms devoted to exchanging scholarly publications, such as LibGen, Reddit Scholar, and #icanhazpdf. These exchanges often occur in violation of copyright or terms of service agreements. We wanted to understand what users are requesting? How often? Why are they choosing these methods compared to traditional library-centric means? And what do they think about the potential terms of service (TOS) and copyright violations? This presentation will cover the results from our initial data collection on Twitter (presented at ACRL 2015), supplemented by some analysis of Reddit, to subsequent survey design, data cleaning, and analysis. We’ll also discuss implications for library services and information literacy instruction in light of these peer to peer exchanges. The USC Libraries Research Committee generously funded the license of SPSS for our analysis.

This paper entitled "Survey Document Supply Service (SOD) by 2014 Bibliosalut evaluation system GTBib-SOD" explains the experience of using the evaluation system GTBib-SOD provides for a survey of automated users . To do this, the need for this study in the Virtual Library of Health Sciences of the Balearic Islands, who participated in the project, which were the targets and where regulation is based is justified. The study continues to show in detail the details of the work, focusing on the technology used, the advantages of using an automated system to manage the survey and proposals for improvement. All this in parallel with the presentation of the results from the survey in terms of Virtual Library.

Through the twitter hashtag #icanhazpdf users bypass libraries and request articles directly from users, often violating copyright agreements. This paper will present an analysis of these requests including country of origin, publishers, and disciplines frequently requested. What do these tweets tell us about the current academic publishing model? And what do they tell us about the usability of document delivery services? The authors will explore implications for library services and open-access publishing models.

A short story of ILL and DD services through ILL SBN at Biblioteca Politecnica-Università di Parma

Introduction: The Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), through the National Library of Health Sciences (BNCS), has promoted the creation of a free access National Union Catalogue of Health Sciences (CNCS), aiming to collaborate on the interlibrary loan of documents to benefit users of spanish health libraries. This tool, accessible via Internet provides fast, easy and versatile access to data from other applications through web pages and XML queries. Methods: In October 2012 an open source application was selected for the catalog implementation and the necessary steps were initiated to allow libraries to integrate their collections and the information concerning their centers. Descriptive information of journals was added trough a Serfile license of the USA National Library of Medicine (NLM). In addition, the suppliers providing the most widespread automated ILL in Spain were invited to connect their applications to the catalogue. During 2013 and 2014, libraries commited to the tasks of keeping their data regularly update and providing interlibrary loan services to CNCS participants. Results: In 2014 the CNCS database has 140.000 bibliographic records, information of 16.418 journals has been loaded and 363.957 collections of 212 libraries of major Hospitals, Universities, Health Departments, Laboratories and Research Centers have been integrated. All Autonomus Communities have representation in the catalogue. It has launched the CNCS website http://www.cncs.es, a virtual reference service http://www.serviciodereferencia.es/cncs/, and a discussion list in RedIris, The GTBIB interlibrary loan software has been connected with the catalogue. Conclusions: The ISCIII and the BNCS have among their duties the coordination, management and spreading of union catalogues that allow access to the bibliographic collections of the National Health System libraries and other libraries of the Autonomous Communities. The CNCS emerges as a union catalogue with a public and open nature. It integrates information from a large part of the libraries of the Spanish Health System and ensures that participating institutions retain property over their data. From 2014 onwards, data will be added gradually by institutions owning health-sciences related collections and willing to cooperate. Likewise, a committee in charge of the supervision of the catalogue will be created. This committee, will have, among others, the faculty of making proposals on new possible developments.

Introduction The document delivery service (DDS) has become an essential for our centers, as a complement to the collection subscribed. Even though this is a highly valued and appreciated by the effectiveness and quickness largely thanks to the collaboration between libraries service, sometimes we find difficulties arising mainly due to the impossibility of obtaining articles unsubscribed journals or serials in our country. Objetives The main purpose of this study is to analyze the needs of the Health Sciences libraries and information centers in Spain obtaining articles and serial documents, which cannot currently be covered by the subscriptions of all the centers of the national network. In addition, the data obtained will allow us to study other aspects of the DDS, such as the type of manager used, to check if the library has or not the possibility to pay for the service of DDS or may only obtain documents through compensation or gratuity agreements and, of course, if a foreign service is used to obtain documents and which ones are used. Methodology A survey with 13 questions was performed, in order to obtain the relevant data to analyze and quantify the information. The survey was sent to a total of 368 centers identified on the Spanish collective catalogs: C17, GTBIB and Rebiun. All kinds of health libraries were included (virtual libraries, hospitals, universities, PRIs, etc.). Results The response rate was nearly 35%. 64% of respondents use Spanish libraries even though they charge for service; 31% only order to those libraries who have free or agreement clearing account. When the document is not found in Spain 23% of the libraries close the request, sometimes at the suggestion of the user. 57% of the libraries requests documents abroad, mostly to British Library or SUBITO. 16% of respondents try to get the item without any cost (through the author, colleagues or distribution lists). Of all the libraries surveyed, only three have a deposit account or buy the item directly to the editor. When identifying the journals that offer more difficulties in their location 325 different titles were found. The three most listed are Hand Clin Neurol, Methods Mol Biol and J Drugs Dermatol. Conclusions The main problems identified were: the dispersion of catalogues and their lack of updating; the difficulty of access to old holdings and to the newest articles because of the embargoes and the limited use of new business editorial models such as deposits or direct purchases. From the collected comments also follows that for many libraries in Spain the problem is not really the title location but the affordable cost for it. Finally, even if the majority uses one of these both systems, the GTBIB or the ILL, there are also centres with its own developed program or without specific software.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the scientific journals asked by users, not available in Spanish libraries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed article applications processed during the years 2012 and 2013 (a period of important budget cuts in many libraries) by the interlending services of four hospitals of the Spanish region Castilla-La Mancha, two of them university hospitals. We identified those article that could not be served through national interlibrary loan, excluding from the sample those that were not served for the following reasons: Erroneous citation or not enough data, user cancellations because of cost or journal being binded at the time of request. RESULTS: Out of a total of 19.159 requests received from our users, we identified 1.033 requests that could not be served, corresponding to 665 journal titles. Problems encountered include: • Old references not covered by current collections • References in rare languages ​​(Chinese, Japanese ...), Only a small core of journals had a certain demand level (there were only 2 with with more that 10 requests). Among them, some titles have been identified that have been rejected by some library and obtained otherwise, usually using the lists of searches. CONCLUSIONS • We believe that the method could be extended to other libraries and would serve to identify certain gaps in our collections that could be solved cooperatively. • Given the dispersion of the titles requested, it could be more advantageous to purchase articles on demand than to subscribe to journals, but we do not have administrative mechanisms that assure us a speedy purchase. • Further updating of collective catalogs is required. • We detected some degree of "variation in practice" that influences the results. • Some requests indicated that users need some training.

Is your library implementing or considering a “discovery” technology? Are you wondering if this will really bring into relief everything your users are “licensed to read”? Are you considering what the effects may be for public-facing services such as reference and instruction, or just curious about experiences at other libraries? Academic librarians using two different discovery products, EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) and Summon, will consider the transformative potential of these tools in light of the learning outcomes that guide us. Drawing from our experiences, we will discuss possibilities, issues and questions that emerge in a discovery environment, including: - ways to conceptualize information literacy - consequent changes to practices in reference and instruction - technical decisions/infrastructure - implications for user experience - proliferation of entry points - issues related to branding and wayfinding

The arrival of new digital technologies have influenced in the environment of the books, including libraries. This paper discusses some of the consequences and gives an outlook of future developments in the sector: preservation, interlibraries loan, etc.

The activities and developments of the Consortium of Academic Libraries of Catalonia (CBUC) are described. Topics dealed are interlending; impact of the economic crisis on subscriptions; digital preservation of theses; and updatimg of digital repository softwares (for TDX / TDR; MDC, federated search, and Recercat). The library users of CBUC university members can request and to borrow documents from other CBUC libraries, free of charge in a self-service basis (except blocked users in their institution, and also taking into account that some documents are not for lending). The institutions respond in case of lost or not returned books. Some statistics are presented.

The Virtual Health Sciences of the centralized Supply Document Service (Bibliosalut), started in 2003, is aimed at all professionals in the Public Health System of the Balearic Islands (Ib-salut). In April 2008 the project of the Centralized Supply Document Service was begun. It manages both the obtaining of documents requested by health professionals and by other Spanish libraries

Introduction: In this document we describe the creation, functioning and evaluation of the Centralized Supply Document Service of the Health Sciences Library of the Balearic Islands. Objectives: After the setting up of the Virtual Health Sciences Library of the Balearic Islands the idea of a Centralized Supply Document Service was proposed with the objective of facilitating those articles not available to users. In this way we democratized document access, because at that time not all system users had this service. Methods: We established a plan whereby the centres would gradually become involved in the tasks of the new service. Also the different political agreement for document supply between the system libraries and the procedures were carried out with the help of a technician. The tool selected to manage this services was GTBib-SOD. In April 2008 a trial service was launched, and from July 2008 the service has been working to its peak potential. Results: More than 7,500 petitions have been managed (5,200 obtaining and 2,300 supplies)during the first working year of the Centralized Supply Document Service. Conclusions: The centralization of the Supply Document Service has democratized access to documents for all the health professionals of our regional community. During the first year there has been a great response to this service, which has led to an increment in the visibility of the Virtual Library.

The Electronic System for Management of ILL’s applications (smILLe – system management Interlibrary Loan electronically) in Library & Information Center is a web – based application that supports Interlibrary Loan either between users and library or among libraries. It is being deployed within the framework of “PLOIGIS” “From Information to Knowledge” (EPEAEK II) for the past 18 months based on the library’s certain needs and taking into consideration the international interlibrary loan’s protocols. SmILLe has been put in use officially since January 2008. At this point we believe it’s worth to mention that smILLe is a pioneering system as far as Greece is concerned, due to the fact that it is the first time that a free software that has been deployed allows connection among systems based on ISO ILL protocol. One of the system’s characteristics is that it is divided into sub – systems making the management easier for the administrator. Among every sub – system remarkable is the full embedment of the account management applications subsystem that enables every possible move that an ILL can have. Another outstanding characteristic is the completion of a subsystem that enables interlibrary loan with the document provider SUBITO. All these new smILLe functions have already contributed a lot to the facilitation of librarians’ work and to saving time. At this moment, a subsystem able to send orders directly to the VDX system is under deployment. After a qualitative evaluation of the new system from the library stuff and the users – using printed questionnaires and interviews for the first and on-line questionnaires for the last ones- several results have come to light. Suggestively based on the survey among the library stuff it turns up that: • every employee is absolutely satisfied from the new system • the mean time an application is being processed has been reduced to 30% as far as the statistics are concerned the mean time has been reduced to 1% as there is a full smILLe’s statistics subsystem available every moment.

One of the most prominent means of cooperation among libraries is the practice of interlibrary loan (ILL). Socioeconomic conditions and the unforeseen growth of knowledge make cooperation between libraries imperative for the speedy solution to problems. In this paper, first a theoretical framework for cooperation in general, cooperation between libraries, and ILL is outlined. Subsequently various aspects of the ILL services of the Bilkent University Library are examined and statistics related to those services are evaluated. Finally, certain suggestions are made in this connection

This presentation is part of a ALA preconference "Yin & Yang: Bringing Balance to Resource Sharing" for advanced resource sharing practitioners. The focus of this presentation are tools for verifying citations and locating alternative sources to fill Interlibrary Loan borrowing requests. The ideas expressed here emphasize the need to experiment with emergent technology and new web services.

The international library community has concluded that the most important architectural models for implementing union catalogs are the followings: the physical model, where a central database keeps stored all the bibliographic records, the virtual or distributed model, where users access the bibliographic data through the Z39.50 protocol “on the fly”, and finally the hybrid model, which combines the two previous models and presents three different variations. The most important goals of all union catalogs and implementation efforts are common no matter the architectural model followed and they are summarized as follows: to be a rich source for bibliographic data, capable to fulfill the high expectations of modern users, to ensure fast, reliable access and retrieval to results, to maintain high quality bibliographic records for copy cataloging, to enable inter library loan and finally to be compatible with and extendable to new technologies and protocols. The heterogeneity both in the interpretation of cataloging standards and information systems that Greek Libraries follow are the major obstacle in the process of creating any type of union catalog. Also, this is one of the major reasons that more than one architectural models have been followed by different implementation efforts. The most important union catalogs in Greek Library community are the Hellenic Academic Libraries Union Catalog, Zephyros, Argo and the Union Catalog of Greek Public Libraries. This article aims to present in details the most important architectural models for implementing Union Catalogs and the corresponding implementation efforts in the Greek Library community. Moreover, through the presentation of the results which emerged after the process of more than 2.5 million records from the Greek Academic libraries, during the implementation of the Hellenic Academic Libraries Union Catalog, what becomes obvious is the necessity for creating and establishing a common cataloging scheme. Also, it has been proved that architectural models are complementary and thus it is necessary to cooperate and exchange technological experience in order to exploit the best from both “approaches” to building useful bibliographic tools in the current information environment.

This work is about Turkish Union Catalog Project. There has been a problem with accessing to the bibliographic information of publications produced in Turkey. This project was developed to enable people to reach publications through one-single interface and for resource sharing.

This presentation describes means of streamlining workflows; implementing ideas and new technologies to solve problems; and the future of interlibrary loan. The presentation showcases existing and emerging local, regional, and professional association migration strategies that facilitate efficient workflows.

The evolution of the Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale (National Library Service) was done with a refactoring about three aspects: standardization, flexibility, interoperability. Now SBN can manage different library systems but all could insert data in the central catalogue. The Opac of the central system now links to the Opac of the single library and to the ILL service. The same structure is present in the project Biblioteca Digitale Italiana – Network turistico culturale, with a focus on linking the digital resources.

Resource sharing and Interlibrary Loan face exciting opportunities to develop new connections between information and library resources and services. Emergent consumer technology is radically changing the nature of Library service; however, we can shape the transformation of resource sharing and interlibrary loan. Framing the evolution of request management systems and resource sharing workflow are communities of adaptations to the changed information and technology landscape. The redefining of our profession and role relies on adopting emergent technology and web services, developing and sharing our knowledge and skills, and advocating new partnerships within libraries and beyond, with users, information organizations, and vendors. This presentation explores emerging roles for resource sharing and interlibrary loan with a focus on sharing new services and technologies, best practices for adaptation and new partnerships.

The creation of a Physical Union Catalogue constitutes a big technical challenge and simultaneously a challenge for the qualitative upgrade of the services provided by the Hellenic Academic Libraries. The qualitative upgrade consists of the unification of the existing electronic catalogues and the creation of an Interlibrary Lending System for the members of Hellenic Academic Libraries Network. The inhomogeneity of the information systems that we meet in the field of the Hellenic Academic Libraries constituted the most difficult issue in the implementation of Physical Union Catalogue. Nevertheless, the coordinated efforts of the Central Team of the Union Catalogue and the supporting firm have yielded important results. The experimental base of Collective List is currently consisted of 9 (out of 37) collections. The number of records exceeds the 450.000 (as on 10/7/2005), and the prospect is to incorporate at least 20 libraries until the end of year with more than one million records originated from 5 different systems. This paper intends to inform on the stages that are followed for the incorporation of a collection and presents the conclusions that are coming out. Moreover the activities that have been undertaken aiming at the creation of a collaboration network between the academic libraries are presented. Indicatively the following are reported: the definition of persons in charge per institution, the creation of an electronic forum for specialised Discussion Groups and the definition of Permanent Committees for Descriptive and Subject Cataloguing. The final objective remains the maximisation of the level of quality of the offered services in the libraries and in the final user.

Strengths of the periodic publication collections of four hospital libraries: analysis of the Document Delivery Service. Absctract:The collection development has the main objective of satisfying the community needs by creating base and strengthened collections on the long range, which complement other resources outside the Library. Nowadays, electronic formats and consortial buying have made it easier to access to more information and services and have also homogenized the collections due to the unified buying of the serial packages. We have also assisted to dramatic changes in the users’ habits in the sense they look up an ever more abundant and multidisciplinary information, a fact that we can attribute, at least partially, to an easier access to the bibliographic funds, despite in some cases only as a bibliographic reference. To gather all the information the users demand we must make a strategic planning at least in two perspectives: the development of a basic good quality collection for our own users and also the development of an attractive and necessary collection for the whole libraries community. The general objective of the present study is to find out which are the strengths of our serial collections for external libraries, both in the sense of the titles and subjects that other libraries request and of the temporal period of reference. To achieve this, we have analyzed the document supply requests performed by external users in four hospital Libraries in Madrid (Spain). These data will give us information about the external strengths of our collections, both for our own consortium and for the other libraries. Knowing the strengths of our collections can help us to maintain a cost balance between the resources supplied and requested from our Library through the Document Delivery Service; besides, it can lead to a cost reduction due to the optimization of the utilization of the existing resources with satisfaction of a high proportion of the total demand. Policies for the development of library collections and of the Document Delivery Service should be coordinated in order to achieve a delicate balance between resources that can be acquired in property and those that can be easily and cheaply accessed. All the libraries included in the consortium must assume and implement these policies, both for the development of their own collections and for the interlibrary loans. This strategic policy can lead to an increase of the collections and also to an expansion of the interlibrary agreements that allow diversification of these collections.

The main part of a health service library collection are the serial holdings. Since the introduction of electronic journals, these can be divided in two types of serial holdings: paper format and electronic format. Storage space shortages also determine that in many cases the paper format has to be split into multiple locations, and this is creates accessibility problems for users. With the aim of satisfying the new requirements of hospital libraries users, the personnel of the Mostoles Hospital Library has developed a new service, “Bibliographic Orientation Service” (BOS). This service assists users providing information about the location of serial holdings and also facilitates bibliographical advice. The main conclusions 2 years after BOS implementation are that it has become one of the star services of our Library. This service is used for specific purposes and it has not impeded the development of bibliographic skills by library users. Besides, this innovative service has improved the use of the holdings and also the control of the interlibrary loans.

Conventional policies do not map directly, but indirectly, onto digital ones with differences primarily due to the easy duplication properties of the digital content. We examine the functional linkage on conventional and digital policies of access, reproduction, library loan and inter-library loan. We map and compare the conventional to digital policies on the collections (conventional and digital) of ten leading academic libraries worldwide, showing their similarities, differences, advantages and disadvantages. We answer questions, such as, if the digital policies are transformation of conventional ones or they are new cases, if they are more liberal than conventional or restricted etc. Finally, we propose a policy model of access, reproduction and use for the digital content of academic libraries, according to factors, such as, the content creation type, acquisition method, intellectual property etc. The model, integrates already implemented practices, but also new policies that have not been implemented so far, and can offer solutions to the management of digital information and knowledge.

We analyze the use of the digital content of non-profit libraries, such as, national and academic, worldwide, as expressed through the restrictions of intellectual property and the knowledge management policies. We classify the policies according to factors, such as, the content creation type, its acquisition method and intellectual property, analyze their relationship and extract quantitative remarks. We propose a policy model of access, reproduction and use for the digital content of national and academic libraries. The model contains not only library implemented practices, but also, new, and not implemented so far, policies, which can offer solutions to management of digital information and knowledge; in addition, rules on policies supplemented by their exceptions. Two separate policy models, for the digitized and the born-digital, arise and presented respectively, and relevant conclusions that valid on each case are extracted. Finally, findings on policies, common, for national and academic libraries, and unique, are presented.

Strengths of the periodic publication collections of four hospital libraries: analysis of the Document Delivery Service. Absctract:The collection development has the main objective of satisfying the community needs by creating base and strengthened collections on the long range, which complement other resources outside the Library. Nowadays, electronic formats and consortial buying have made it easier to access to more information and services and have also homogenized the collections due to the unified buying of the serial packages. We have also assisted to dramatic changes in the users’ habits in the sense they look up an ever more abundant and multidisciplinary information, a fact that we can attribute, at least partially, to an easier access to the bibliographic funds, despite in some cases only as a bibliographic reference. To gather all the information the users demand we must make a strategic planning at least in two perspectives: the development of a basic good quality collection for our own users and also the development of an attractive and necessary collection for the whole libraries community. The general objective of the present study is to find out which are the strengths of our serial collections for external libraries, both in the sense of the titles and subjects that other libraries request and of the temporal period of reference. To achieve this, we have analyzed the document supply requests performed by external users in four hospital Libraries in Madrid (Spain). These data will give us information about the external strengths of our collections, both for our own consortium and for the other libraries. Knowing the strengths of our collections can help us to maintain a cost balance between the resources supplied and requested from our Library through the Document Delivery Service; besides, it can lead to a cost reduction due to the optimization of the utilization of the existing resources with satisfaction of a high proportion of the total demand. Policies for the development of library collections and of the Document Delivery Service should be coordinated in order to achieve a delicate balance between resources that can be acquired in property and those that can be easily and cheaply accessed. All the libraries included in the consortium must assume and implement these policies, both for the development of their own collections and for the interlibrary loans. This strategic policy can lead to an increase of the collections and also to an expansion of the interlibrary agreements that allow diversification of these collections.

During the year 2003, the Health Sciences libraries of the Clínico San Carlos, La Paz, Móstoles and Ramón y Cajal Hospitals have participated in the consortial purchase of electronic journals that conform the electronic journal collection of the “Virtual Library Laín Entralgo”. Until 2002 the electronic format in our libraries was subordinated to those journals that gave away free electronic access with the paper subscription. Only Móstoles Hospital subscribed to ProQuest Medical Journal aggregator in 2002. OBJECTIVE To analyse the impact of the access to the electronic journals on the interlibrary loan of the four health sciences libraries, comparing the results of the different years and their relation to the consortial libraries. METHODS We have analysed the specific characteristics of each library in terms of volume and antiquity of collection, total volume of interlibrary loans and the loan volume between the consortial libraries, all these in values of requests and deliveries in the last three years. RESULTS Due to the consortial purchase, the libraries’ collections have shown an important increase in size, greater in those libraries with smaller initital collections. The total number of deliveries and requests of documents has decreased, this reduction being more significant between the years 2001 and 2002, and milder with tendency to stabilize in the year 2003. Of the total volume of the Interlibrary loan, more than 73% (2001) is effected within the libraries in the consortium and during these years it has also decreased mildly (62% in 2002 and 60% in 2003). The smaller the library collection, the more requests are made to the consortial libraries and the bigger the library collection, the more deliveries are effected. CONCLUSION During the last three years, our interlibrary loan borrowing volume has decreased, the reduction having seen stronger in 2002 than in 2003. This result is due to some consortial libraries subscribing to electronic journals aggregator in 2001, to the impact of free access to electronic journals through promotional access and the access through unconventional (pirate) methods to electronic journals. In 2003, the interlibrary loan decreased in the consortial libraries due to shared electronic collection.

INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid increase of the number of journals and electronic resources and their prices, nowadays Collection development has become a very important task in the budget management of the health science libraries. Collection development evaluates the journals using quantitative criteria, such as reading factor (electronically computed indicator used for consultation) and qualitative criteria such as bibliometric and citation analysis indicators. The library of Móstoles Hospital started a Program of the Collection management in the year 2001 , to evaluate the journals collection through qualitative and quantitative analyses, with the collaboration of users. In our library Document Delivery Service is an important tool, in which our users pay to obtain journal articles not present in our collection. OBJECTIVE: To analyse our users´requests to other libraries to determine their necessity for specific journals. The analysis can help collection development in two forms: To know the journals that are most demanded and if the quality indicators that we use are real value. METHODS: We have analysed the title of all the journals required in the last years (2001, 2002 and 2003) with the following indicators: Foreign journals/Spanish journals, citation in secondary literature (MEDLINE, SCI, IME), citation in primary literature (Journal Citation Report), Impact factor. RESULTS: The main results are: 92% of the total number of requested journals are title indexed in the base date MEDLINE, 65% are indexed in the base de date SCI (Science Citation Index, 6% in the base date IME (Indice Medico Español), 92% are foreign journals and the rest are Spanish, 79% of the request are journals with impact factor, which participated in the Journal Citation Report (2002), 48% of these journals have a impact factor in the first quadrant of its ISI subject category. CONCLUSION This information suggests that users generally work with information obtained from journals included in the data base Medline, SCI AND IME, which also are in the Journal Citation Report and have impact factor. This can help us to determine the document supply needs for the biomedical customer, to make decision in the collection management and new acquisition of journals in our library. Besides,we have shown that the quality indicators that are used to evaluate journals are the same that the users consider,therefore confirming: “The importance of being “impact factor or MEDLINE” for a journals".

Recent publication is focused on the benefits of adopting federated Online Reference Service. Stepping on expertise sharing and case studies the main benefits and obstacles are discussed. A brief overview of the existing systems for maintaining a co-Virtual Reference Desk is made.

We examine the factors (creation type of the material, acquisition method, copyright ownership etc.) and the access and reproduction policies of the digital collections of ten leading university digital libraries. We classify the policies according to the factors and analyze their relation, showing how the acquisition method and the copyright ownership define the access and reproduction policies for the digital collections. We conclude with rules about which factors lead to specific policies. For example, when the library has the copyright of the material, the reproduction for private use is provided usually free with a credit to the source or otherwise mostly under fair use provisions and the commercial reproduction needs written permission from and fees paid to the library. Finally, we extract the common practice on access and reproduction policies and we map the conventional to digital policies.

We examine and classify the access and reproduction policies of the digital collections of ten leading academic digital libraries according to factors such as the creation type of the material (digitized, born-digital), the acquisition method, the copyright ownership etc. We analyze the relationship of the factors and the policies, showing how the acquisition method and the copyright ownership affect the access and reproduction policies for the digital collections. We derive some quantitative remarks and we conclude with rules about which factors lead to specific policies. For example, when the library has the copyright of the material, the reproduction for private use is provided usually free with a credit to the source or otherwise mostly under fair use provisions and the commercial reproduction needs written permission from and fees given to the library. We extract the common practice on access and reproduction policies. For example, the on-campus onsite access is always free independently of the copyright ownership and the creation type of the material. Finally, we map the conventional access and reproduction policies to digital and we compare them, showing mostly their differences.

This paper is a case study of automation undertaken at HKBK College of Engineering (HKBKCE) Library and Information Centre. Administration and maintenance in a library can be made more efficient and effective with the use of computers that are of immense help in doing many jobs. For instance activities like housekeeping operations such as acquisition, cataloguing, serial control and circulation section can be performed quickly with having full control on the collection. Avoiding the duplication of work saves lot of time. The automated library can provide extended services to the users of the library. The paper describes in detail the development of automation procedures and applied tools.

South Africa’s history presents unique challenges for librarians involved in document supply services in South Africa. The apartheid era left a legacy of unequally distributed resources, with some libraries being very well supported financially, while other libraries that were allocated to separately serve the black population of South Africa were atrociously under-resourced. Traditional Interlending services were one way to help bridge this gap. With the change in government, political and strategic priorities also changed, focusing on addressing and redressing this imbalance. However, at the same time, great advances were made globally with technological developments, and globalization occurred almost simultaneously. This left many of the strategic initiatives without funding, and many initiatives had to be re-thought to accommodate the global and technological changes. In South Africa, Sabinet-Online led (and is still leading) the move towards digitization. As a private company, they are able to generate profits, and thus had the necessary resources to pioneer this digital revolution, while many state-funded institutions fell further behind, due to drastic budget cuts. Sabinet-Online have introduced ReQuest, which is an online Interlending module providing all functionality, including an electronic IFM (Interlending fees management) system. Most major educational, government and corporate libraries now use ReQuest to process their Interlending requests nationally. However, many smaller, under-resourced libraries, especially in rural and remote areas, are not able to afford Sabinet-Online’s subscription fees, and thus are finding that they are being left behind. This paper gives a brief synopsis of the developments and current state of document supply in South Africa, then moves on to look at digitization in Africa as a whole, and the problems digitization poses for equity of access. Finally, it concludes by looking at ways in which document supply services can be utilized to bridge the digital divide, and ensure equal access to information for all.

We examine and analyze the access policies of the digital collections of ten national libraries. We classify the implemented access policies, according to their characteristics, and we show their differences. We generalize the diversified access policies, by combining the varying parameters and other relevant emerging ones. Most national libraries prefer digitizing or make digitally available, part of their material, the one that is simpler in accessing restrictions, which was simpler to implement and more appropriate to do first. As this process evolves and matures, the libraries want to make more material available, and this will force them to handle material that is more complex in terms of copyright and access. Thus, we should predict and standardize new access policy variations. We propose a generalized access policy, on which, we classify the users up to four groups that have non-increasing access abilities, as will be defined by the implemented policy. We also propose new charging and delivery parameters for use or reproduction of the non-free and copyrighted digital material.

The libraries of health sciences contribute to the health services in educative, welfare and research aspects. One of the main tools is the Document Delivery Services (DDS), whose cost is assumed by the user, but whose aim is to improve the “explicit knowledge” that needs to enable its actually professional action. The Library of the Hospital of Móstoles started up its DDS, with the assumption of its cost on the part of the user, maintaining a balance between volume and provision. The objective is to analyze the present situation facing the implementation of a gratuitous DDS for the hospitable personnel, financed by the Institution. The used method is by means of an analysis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) of the DDS, is reflected on the internal factors (human and technical equipment, collection, baggage…) and external (pertaining to the committee of Libraries of Sciences of the Health of the Community of Madrid), that helps to value the development of the DDS. The conclusion is that the present situation favors the creation of a gratuitous DDS, with a basic norm of use. The institution would assume its cost like a key factor that value to the “sanitary intellectual capital” generates and to its welfare quality.

Virtual libraries are great managers of the knowledge. Document Delivery Services (DDS) facilitate the access to a part of the “explicit knowledge”. The electronic application of the new information´s technologies, formats and the consortial purchases of the collections, give new opportunities for their development. Recent, national and international Literature is reviewed to analyze the impact of the Virtual Libraries in the transformation of the DDS. The conclusion is that a redefinition of DDS is taking place, as part of the rationalization of collection development, the acquisition of electronic publications and retrospective digitalization.

We examine the access and reproduction policies of the digital material of seven national libraries that selected for the variation of their digital material and the diversification of their access policies. Our goal is to discover the differences among the implemented access policies of these national libraries. We analyze the access and reproduction policies that these libraries have implemented for their digital material showing the different levels of access, of the copyrights, and of the privacy and publicity rights. We emphasize the relation among acquisition method, copyright ownership, and access and reproduction policies, because, often, they define the policies. The implemented access policies differ in various aspects. We generalize them into one unified policy, which can implement the specific policies by varying some of its parameters. We study these parameters and explain their most useful alternative values and their semantics. We also foresee new policy parameters that will be appropriate to more complex policies that will be needed soon.

We examine the disposition policies of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) among three institutions: National Documentation Centre of Greece (NDC), Virginia Tech (VT) and West Virginia University (WVU) of USA. In addition, we compare the implemented disposition policies by the three institutions, and we analyze their similarities and differences. We select the three institutions because they comprise a representative sample of different national ETD initiatives. While the content of the dissertations and the technologies to provide them exist, the availability is limited by the absence of decisions concerning the applicability of policies. We suggest alternative access policies in order the ETDs to be more open and accessible to all. We analyze these questions and make suggestions about the solution approaches of these problems, especially solutions about the disposition policies of the digital material. Finally, we compare the implemented and the proposed policies.

The current study presents the Deposit Account that supports all economic transactions between the users and the ILL service of the Library & Information Service of University of Patras. The ILL service has the aim to serve the users of LIS, as well as other libraries, in cases of search, order and delivery of articles -in printed or in digital form- from journals that do not belong in the collection of LIS.

Easier access to the bibliographic reference of the medical journals has led to the need of obtaining a big number of primary documents. Nowadays, the Document Supply Service (DSS) is an indispensable tool in the Health Science Library, where it has been developed and consolidated, supporting teaching and investigation. The demand increase of DSS in the Libraries has produced organizational changes orientated to the collaboration and interlibrary cooperation to satisfy the the users’ demands. From 1992, the Community of Madrid is developing an interlibrary collaborative agreement which in this moment is in drawing-board stage of Consortium and one of which main objectives is optimization of this service. The objective of the present work is to analyze the infrastructure, management and activity of the DSS of the libraries of the health sciences that comprise, as members of right plenary session, the project of Consortium of the Community of Madrid. A survey with 36 questions has been sent to all the libraries members of right plenary session of the Consortium Project. The questions can be included in 5 main areas: human resources; technical access; way of management; activity, and costs. The collected data have been used to formulate indicators to serve to analyze the DSS functioning. The results were: 1. The access to the DSS is offered to all the potential users and is held with all the libraries that demand it, 2. High volume of document obtention and mainly supplying, in a fast form and with a low cost. 3. The DSS are managed with scant human and technical infrastructure, by the own Library. 75% of the libraries even self-finance it, 4. 51% of the document requests are made by the members of the Project Consortium, and only 30% are for self-use. The conclusion is that the DSS holds neither the recognition nor the importance it deserves from institutions, is managed independently by the participating libraries on their own (what allows its existence, but not its further development in material or human resources) and their productivity is obtained thanks to the effort of the equipments working in them and to the optimization of the corporative work, supported in a spirit of mutual aid that will be the base of the future corporative development.