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Objective To study the clinical features of children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection who were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, from December 1 to 31, 2022 (during the epidemic of Omicron variant; Omicron group), and the children with febrile seizures (without Omicron variant infection) who were admitted from December 1 to 31, in 2021 were included as the non-Omicron group. Clinical features were compared between the two groups. Results There were 381 children in the Omicron group (250 boys and 131 girls), with a mean age of (3.2±2.4) years. There were 112 children in the non-Omicron group (72 boys and 40 girls), with a mean age of (3.5±1.8) years. The number of children in the Omicron group was 3.4 times that in the non-Omicron group. The proportion of children in two age groups, aged 1 to <2 years and 6-10.83 years, in the Omicron group was higher than that in the non-Omicron group, while the proportion of children in two age groups, aged 4 to <5 years and 5 to <6 years, was lower in the Omicron group than that in the non-Omicron group (P<0.05).The Omicron group had a significantly higher proportion of children with cluster seizures and status convulsion than the non-Omicron group (P<0.05). Among the children with recurrence of febrile seizures, the proportion of children aged 6-10.83 years in the Omicron group was higher than that in the non- Omicron group, while the proportion of children aged 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years in the Omicron group was lower than that in the non-Omicron group (P<0.05). Conclusions Children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection tend to have a wider age range, with an increase in the proportion of children with cluster seizures and status convulsion during the course of fever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD). Methods and Results The proband was one month and 14 days old girl, who presented mental and motor retardation, hypotonia and epileptic seizures (convulsive seizures and generalized tonic seizures). Physical examination showed café-au-lait-spot on her left face and left upper abdomen. Ethylmalonic acid and methylsuccinic acid in urine and butyryl carnitine in whole blood were elevated. Inter-ictal discharges in video electroencephalogram (VEEG) showed burst- suppression wave. Cranial MRI demonstrated multiple cortical malformations in the left cerebral hemisphere and right frontal lobe. Genetic test showed the patient had c.795 + 1G > A homozygous mutation of ACADS gene inherited from asymptomatic parents who carried heterozygous mutations in the same locus. The patient was clearly diagnosed as SCADD, and her family was diagnosed as SCADD pedigree. The patient was treated by prednisone [4 mg/(kg⋅d)] and levetiracetam [30 mg/(kg⋅d)], and then oral vitamin B2 [10 mg/(kg⋅d)] was added. No seizures recurred as yet. Conclusions Clinical manifestations of SCADD include mental and motor retardation, hypotonia, early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, elevated ethylmalonic acid, methylsuccinic acid in urine and butyryl carnitine in whole blood, and it might result in cortical malformations. The homozygous mutation c.795 + 1G > A of ACADS gene was pathogenetic, and was reported for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the clinical features of children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection who were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, from December 1 to 31, 2022 (during the epidemic of Omicron variant; Omicron group), and the children with febrile seizures (without Omicron variant infection) who were admitted from December 1 to 31, in 2021 were included as the non-Omicron group. Clinical features were compared between the two groups., Results: There were 381 children in the Omicron group (250 boys and 131 girls), with a mean age of (3.2±2.4) years. There were 112 children in the non-Omicron group (72 boys and 40 girls), with a mean age of (3.5±1.8) years. The number of children in the Omicron group was 3.4 times that in the non-Omicron group. The proportion of children in two age groups, aged 1 to <2 years and 6-10.83 years, in the Omicron group was higher than that in the non-Omicron group, while the proportion of children in two age groups, aged 4 to <5 years and 5 to <6 years, was lower in the Omicron group than that in the non-Omicron group ( P <0.05).The Omicron group had a significantly higher proportion of children with cluster seizures and status convulsion than the non-Omicron group ( P <0.05). Among the children with recurrence of febrile seizures, the proportion of children aged 6-10.83 years in the Omicron group was higher than that in the non-Omicron group, while the proportion of children aged 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years in the Omicron group was lower than that in the non-Omicron group ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection tend to have a wider age range, with an increase in the proportion of children with cluster seizures and status convulsion during the course of fever.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS), as well as the diagnostic value of movement disorders., Methods: The clinical data of four children with GLUT1-DS were collected, and their clinical features, treatment, and follow-up results were analyzed., Results: There were two boys and two girls, with an age of onset of 2-15 months. Clinical manifestations included movement disorders, seizures, and developmental retardation. Seizures were the cause of the first consultation in all cases. The four children all had persistent ataxia, dystonia, and dysarthria; two had persistent tremor, two had paroxysmal limb paralysis, and two had eye movement disorders. Paroxysmal symptoms tended to occur in fatigue state. All four children had reductions in the level of cerebrospinal fluid glucose and its ratio to blood glucose, as well as SLC2A1 gene mutations. The four children were given a ketogenic diet, at a ketogenic ratio of 2:1 to 3:1, and achieved complete remission of paroxysmal symptoms within 5 weeks., Conclusions: GLUT1-DS should be considered for epileptic children with mental retardation and motor developmental delay complicated by various types of movement disorders. The ketogenic diet is effective at a ketogenic ratio of 2:1 to 3:1 for the treatment of GLUT1-DS.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with epilepsy, and the factors that may contribute to the prevalence of co-morbidity between ADHD and epilepsy., Methods: A total of 256 children aged 6-15 years old who were diagnosed with epilepsy were enrolled. The prevalence of ADHD in children with epilepsy, and the factors that may contribute to the development of co-morbidity between ADHD and epilepsy were explored., Results: The systematic evaluation in 192 patients was completed. Of the 192 children, 81 (42.2%) were diagnosed with ADHD. The earlier the epilepsy onset, the higher the frequency of the co-morbidity of ADHD occurring. The longer the period of antiepileptic medication, the higher the prevalence of the co-morbidity of ADHD. Epileptic children receiving a combination of antiepileptic drugs had a higher prevalence of ADHD. ADHD was more common in children with some specific types of epilepsy, such as Lannox-Gastaut syndrome and generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy, or epilepsy with multifocal epileptic discharges in the EEG record., Conclusions: ADHD occurs frequently in children with epilepsy. The factors associated with increased risk of ADHD include the onset age of epilepsy, the types of seizures or epileptic syndromes, the epileptiform EEG discharges, and the effects of antiepileptic drugs.