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22 results on '"JESCH, ELLIOT D."'

7. The Effectiveness of MyPlate and Paleolithic-based Diet Recommendations, both with and without Exercise, on Aerobic Fitness, Muscular Strength and Anaerobic Power in Young Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

POPP, COLLIN J., BOHAN BROWN, MICHELLE M., BRIDGES, WILLIAM C., and JESCH, ELLIOT D.

Subjects
Dietary Guidelines for Americans, resistance training, aerobic training, pragmatic, Original Research
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of recommending a MyPlate or a Paleolithic-based diet, both with and without exercise, on aerobic fitness, strength, and anaerobic power over eight weeks. Participants (n=20) were randomized to one of four groups, (1) a MyPlate diet (MP), (2) Paleolithic-based diet (PD), (3) MyPlate and exercise (MP + Ex), and (4) Paleolithic-based diet and exercise (PD + Ex). The exercise included two days of unsupervised aerobic and resistance exercise. At baseline and final, absolute and relative peak oxygen consumption (absVO2peak and relVO2peak), anaerobic power, and upper and lower body strength were determined. Data were analyzed using repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA indicated that there was no significant interaction between time point (TP)*diet (D)*exercise (Ex) for all variables except relVO2peak (p = 0.016). The MP + Ex group (Δ+4.4 ml·kg−1·min−1) had a greater change from baseline compared to the MP group (Δ−2.7 ml·kg−1·min−1, p = 0.002), and PD + Ex group (Δ−0.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, p = 0.03). The results suggest recommending a MyPlate diet with both aerobic and resistance training are effective at improving aerobic fitness when compared to PD recommendations with exercise, although these conclusions may be confounded by low compliance to exercise recommendations.

Published
2018

9. Food Ingredients That Inhibit Cholesterol Absorption

Author

Jesch, Elliot D. and Carr, Timothy P.

Subjects
cholesterol absorption, functional food, dietary supplement, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Review Article, nutraceutical
Abstract

Cholesterol is a vital component of the human body. It stabilizes cell membranes and is the precursor of bile acids, vitamin D and steroid hormones. However, cholesterol accumulation in the bloodstream (hypercholesterolemia) can cause atherosclerotic plaques within artery walls, leading to heart attacks and strokes. The efficiency of cholesterol absorption in the small intestine is of great interest because human and animal studies have linked cholesterol absorption with plasma concentration of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cholesterol absorption is highly regulated and influenced by particular compounds in the food supply. Therefore, it is desirable to learn more about natural food components that inhibit cholesterol absorption so that food ingredients and dietary supplements can be developed for consumers who wish to manage their plasma cholesterol levels by non-pharmacological means. Food components thus far identified as inhibitors of cholesterol absorption include phytosterols, soluble fibers, phospholipids, and stearic acid.

Published
2017

13. The Short-Term Effects of Lying, Sitting and Standing on Energy Expenditure in Women.

Author

POPP, COLLIN J., BRIDGES, WILLIAM C., and JESCH, ELLIOT D.

Subjects
SITTING position, OBESITY in women, OVERWEIGHT women, SEDENTARY behavior, SEDENTARY lifestyles, BODY mass index
Abstract

The deleterious health effects of too much sitting have been associated with an increased risk for overweight and obesity. Replacing sitting with standing is the proposed intervention to increase daily energy expenditure (EE). The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of lying, sitting, and standing postures on EE, and determine the magnitude of the effect each posture has on EE using indirect calorimetry (IC). Twenty-eight healthy females performed three separate positions (lying, sitting, standing) in random order. Inspired and expired gases were collected for 45-minutes (15 minutes for each position) using breath-by-breath indirect calorimetry. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were measured to estimate EE. Statistical analyses used repeat measures ANOVA to analyze all variables and post hoc t-tests. Based on the ANOVA the individual, time period and order term did not result in a statistically significant difference. Lying EE and sitting EE were not different from each other (P = 0.56). However, standing EE (kcal/min) was 9.0 % greater than lying EE (kcal/min) (P = 0.003), and 7.1% greater than sitting EE (kcal/min) (P = 0.02). The energetic cost of standing was higher compared to lying and sitting. While this is statistically significant, the magnitude of the effect of standing when compared to sitting was small (Cohen's d = 0.31). Short-term standing does not offer an energetic advantage when compared to sitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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14. Lentil (Lens culinarisMedikus) Diet Affects the Gut Microbiome and Obesity Markers in Rat

Author

Siva, Niroshan, Johnson, Casey R., Richard, Vincent, Jesch, Elliot D., Whiteside, William, Abood, Abdullah A., Thavarajah, Pushparajah, Duckett, Susan, and Thavarajah, Dil

Abstract

Lentil, a moderate-energy high-protein pulse crop, provides significant amounts of essential nutrients for healthy living. The objective of this study was to determine if a lentil-based diet affects food and energy intake, body weight, percent body fat, liver weight, and body plasma triacylglycerols (TGs) as well as the composition of fecal microbiota in rats. A total of 36 Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with either a standard diet, a 3.5% high amylose corn starch diet, or a 70.8% red lentil diet for 6 weeks. By week 6, rats fed the lentil diet had significantly lower mean body weight (443 ± 47 g/rat) than those fed the control (511 ± 51 g/rat) or corn (502 ± 38 g/rat) diets. Further, mean percent body fat and TG concentration were lower, and lean body mass was higher in rats fed the lentil diet than those fed the corn diet. Fecal abundance of Actinobacteriaand Bacteriodeteswere greater in rats fed the lentil or corn starch diets than those fed the control diet. Fecal abundance of Firmicutes, a bacterial phylum comprising multiple pathogenic species, decreased in rats fed the lentil and high-amylose corn starch diets vs the control diet. The lentil-based diet decreased body weight, percent body fat, and plasma triacylglycerols in rats and suppressed intestinal colonization by pathogens.

Published
2018
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15. Regulation of gene expression by dietary plant sterols in cholesterol absorption and metabolism

Author

Jesch, Elliot D and Jesch, Elliot D

Abstract

Dietary plant sterol supplementation has long been used as an effective means to reduce cholesterol absorption efficiency and thus lower plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations. However, the exact mechanism by which plant sterols reduce cholesterol absorption has not been identified. Several mechanistic possibilities have been proposed and include plant sterol disruption of cholesterol solubility in intestinal micelles, plant sterol-cholesterol cocrystallization, and plant sterol competition with digestive enzymes. With the recent discovery of the sterol transporter, Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1), it seems logical that plant sterols could also reduce cholesterol absorption through regulation of the NPC1L1 pathway. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of plant sterols are, at least in part, due to the altered gene expression of NPC1L1. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed the AIN-93 diet (control), or the AIN-93 diet containing sitosterol or stigmasterol (2 g/2000 kcal) for 4 weeks. While plant sterol supplementation dramatically increased fecal neutral sterol excretion, intestinal expression of genes involved in cholesterol absorption and metabolism were unchanged. Livers of all mice accumulated plant sterols primarily in the form of sitosterol, while plant sterol supplemented mice accumulated significantly more sitosterol and stigmasterol compared to control mice. In addition to the accumulation of plant sterols, livers of mice that consumed diets containing plant sterol exhibited reduced expression of the transcription factor sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) and its target gene HMG CoA reductase. In support of these data, we examined the mRNA expression of genes involved in cholesterol absorption and metabolism from the intestine-derived cell lines FHs 74 Int and CaCo-2 following treatment with plant sterols. In both cell lines there was a parallel reduction in mRNA expression of NPC1L1 and the SREBP-2 target gene HMG CoA

Published
2008

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