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This article discusses the application of innovative trend analysis for rainfall variability in the middle catchment of the Mahanadi River basin in India. The study aims to identify and characterize trends in annual and seasonal rainfall using the innovative trend analysis (ITA) technique. The ITA method offers a non-parametric approach for detecting both monotonic and sub-trends within time series data, overcoming limitations of traditional trend analysis methods. The results of the study show complex patterns of rainfall trends across different seasons, with both increases and decreases in rainfall observed in different areas. The findings have implications for water resource management and sustainable agriculture in the region, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring of rainfall patterns and the impact of climate change. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the estimation of crop water and irrigation requirements for major crops in the coastal agro-climatic zone of Odisha, India. The study takes into account factors such as climate, location, crop type, soil composition, growing season length, and crop cultivation frequency to determine irrigation needs. The findings can help farmers optimize irrigation efficiency and preserve crop production while effectively managing water resources. The article provides data on estimated crop water and irrigation requirements for different crops in various districts of Odisha, with the highest requirements observed in Khordha district for rice, maize, finger millet, and green gram. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding crop water requirements and irrigation planning for efficient water resource utilization in agriculture. Further research is recommended for the entire Odisha region, considering the spatial and temporal variability of crop water parameters. [Extracted from the article]