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5. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum) AND TITHONIA (Tithonia diversifolia) SHOOT-BASED WAFERS WITH DIFFERENT ADHESIVE TYPES.

Author

IKHLAS, Zaitul, JAMARUN, Novirman, ZAIN, Mardiati, PAZLA, Roni, YANTI, Gusri, and UTAMI, Bella Veliana

Subjects
TITHONIA diversifolia, SUGARCANE, ANIMAL feeds, TAPIOCA, FOOD texture
Abstract

Wafers (wafer-feed) are an effective processing technology and are expected to maintain the continuous availability of animal feed during the dry season. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of adhesive on the physical quality of sugarcane tops and Tithonia based wafers. This study used the Split Split Plot Design (SSPD). The main plot as factor A was the type of adhesive, consisting of: Tapioca flour (A1), Pathi flour (A2), Gaplek flour (A3), Karagenan flour (A4), palm sugar (A5). The subplots as Factor B are temperature which consists of: 100℃ (B1), 110℃ (B2), and 120℃ (B3), while the sub-plots as factor C are oven time consisting of: 10 minutes (C1), 15 minutes (C2), and 20 minutes (C3). The forage used was Sugarcane tops (Saccharum officinarum) and Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) in the ratio of 60:40. The best adhesive in making sugarcane tops and Tithonia based wafers is tapiovca flour with a temperature of 120℃ for 20 minutes, with physical properties such as colour, aroma, and excellent texture with a range (3.73, 3.70, and 3.63), density with a value of 5.68 g/cm3, and water binding capacity with a value of 104.22%. From the research it can be concluded that there are interactions on the physical properties of wafers (colour, aroma, and smell), density and water binding capacity. For further research, the best wafers obtained were continued to the in vitro digestibility stage to see the digestibility of wafers as ruminant feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Effect of tannin degradation of mangrove (Sonneratia alba) fruit on nutrient digestibility, protozoa population and methane gas production.

Author

Elihasridas, Elihasridas, Pazla, Roni, Jamarun, Novirman, Yanti, Gusri, Asmairicen, Sharli, Marlina, Leni, Hadiatry, Maureen Chrisye, Arief, Ratna Wylis, Bansi, Hadriana, Khan, Shahid Ullah, Khan, Faheem Ahmed, Putri, Ezi Masdia, Antonius, Antonius, Ikhlas, Zaitul, Ikhsan, Zahlul, Ardani, Laily Rinda, Siva, Anggela Titania, Yendrita, Hileri, and Zelinea, Fezi

Subjects
FERMENTATION of feeds, ASPERGILLUS niger, CONCENTRATE feeds, ANIMAL feeds, NUTRITIONAL value, MANGROVE plants
Abstract

This study examined the fermentation duration in relation to the effectiveness of tannin levels in mangrove (Sonneratia alba) fruit during the fermentation process using Aspergillus niger. The tested durations were 7, 10, 13, and 16 days in anaerobic conditions. The outcomes measured included crude fat, crude fibre, and nitrogenfree extract digestibility. Microbial biomass, protozoa population, and methane gas production were also recorded as responses to the rumen microbial activity. The results showed that 16 days of fermentation gave the highest average for all responses. The protozoa population reached around 4.07 × 105 cells/ml and methane gas amounted to 33.9 ml/g of dry matter (DM). This is caused by a decrease in the anti-nutrient tannin content in mangrove (S. alba) fruit due to fermentation by A. niger according to treatment. The conclusion of this research is that the 16-day fermentation treatment (T4) of mangrove fruit is the optimal time to be used as a source of concentrate feed for livestock in terms of the increase in nutritional value and gastrointestinal microbes represented by total protozoa population, crude fibre digestibility, crude fat digestibility, and the highest nitrogen-free extract digestibility. However, microbial biomass and methane gas production were not significantly different in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Current Research in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 2

Author

Hsu, Chia-Hsuan, additional, Chou, Jui-Yu, additional, Fang, Wei-Ta, additional, Al-Rekabi, Falah Muosa Kadhim, additional, Afrin, Marya, additional, Islam, Mohammad Rafiqul, additional, Saravanan, M., additional, Ranjithkumar, M., additional, Yogeshpriya, S., additional, Ravi, R., additional, Kannan, K., additional, Gómez, Milton, additional, Gil, Juan F., additional, Bramhaiah, K. V., additional, Rao, A. S., additional, Naidu, K. V., additional, Rao, S. T. Viroji, additional, Kumar, P. Vishal, additional, ., Ekambaram, additional, Nair, M. N. Balakrishnan, additional, Punniamurthy, N., additional, Mekala, P., additional, Ramakrishnan, N., additional, Kumar, S. K., additional, Jacob, Thanislass, additional, Subramani, Gangasudan, additional, Upadhyaya, Indu, additional, Thanislass, Jacob, additional, Jamarun, Novirman, additional, Pazla, Roni, additional, Zain, Mardiati, additional, ., Arief, additional, Romão, Mariluce Ferreira, additional, Santos, André Luiz Quagliatto, additional, Lima, Fabiano Campos, additional, Peña B., S. D., additional, Posadas M., E., additional, Attia, Marwa F. A., additional, Nour El-Din, Adel N. M., additional, El-Zarkouny, Samir Z., additional, El-Zaiat, Hani M., additional, M. Zeitoun, Moustafa, additional, M. A. Sallam, Sobhy, additional, Hidalgo, Alejandro, additional, Palma, Héctor, additional, Oberg, Carlos, additional, and Fonseca-Salamanca, Flery, additional

Published
2020
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11. In vitro digestibility combination of avocado leaves (Persea americana Miller) with fermented tithonia leaves (Tithonia diversifolia) in the rumen and post-rumen.

Author

Pazla, Roni, Jamarun, Novirman, Arief, Elihasridas, Antonius, Yanti, Gusri, Indah, Dwi Nanda, and Saputra, Indra

Subjects
*TITHONIA diversifolia, *AVOCADO, *ENZYMES, *ORGANIC compounds, *LACTOBACILLUS
Abstract

This study aimed to obtain the optimal effect of the combination of avocado leaves (Persea americana Miller) and tithonia leaves (Tithonia diversifolia), fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria to be used as a source of energy and protein in ruminants. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of T1 (80% avocado leaves + 20% fermented tithonia leaves), T2 (60% avocado leaves + 40% fermented tithonia leaves), T3 (40% avocado leaves + 60% fermented tithonia leaves), T4 (20% avocado leaves + 80% fermented tithonia leaves). The parameters measured were dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). ANOVA analysis was used in this study, then Duncan's multiple distance test was used to test the differences in each mean. The results showed that the treatments had a very significant effect on DMD (p<0.01) and significantly affected OMD (p<0.05). The average DMD was between 62.73–69.14% and OMD was between 62.23–67.14%, while the effect of post-rumen treatment on DMD was very significant (p<0.01) and had no effect significantly (p>0.05) on OMD. The average DMD was between 54.31–62.22%, and OMD was between 53.50–56.40%. Increasing the fermented tithonia leaves can increase the DMD and OMD on rumen and post-rumen digestibility. It can be concluded that the T4 treatment (20% avocado leaves + 80% fermented tithonia leaves) increased DMD and OMD in the rumen and post-rumen digestibility and gave the best results. However, the post-rumen digestibility value was lower than rumen digestibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. SM Artikel 4

Author

Jamarun, Novirman and Jamarun, Novirman

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