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Amputation is a surgical procedure by which a part or the whole of a limb or lower limb is being removed. Consequences of lower limb amputation can change in one’s personal life, affecting the individual’s well-being, autonomy and body-image including psychological impact, adjustment to amputation and social support. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of lower limb amputation patient in Bangladesh. A phenomenological qualitative research design was carried out among 15 participants with lower limb amputation who were admitted and follow up visited at National Institute of Traumatology and orthopedic rehabilitation (NITOR). Participants were selected for interview by using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by using interview guide to achieve comprehensive information related to lower limb amputation. Data were analyzed by using the process of content analysis. The results focus on- the following four themes, mentally depressed, difficulties in adjustment, coping mechanism and expectation of social support. Experience of lower limb amputation the study found the various reactions, emotional changes and physical discomfort after amputation. Nurses should have a deep understanding on coping strategies for amputees; provide them valuable support to adjust their emotions, and developing confidence to lead their lives.

Background: Diagnosing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in clinical practice is quite difficult for patients presenting with uremia for the first time. Carbamylated haemoglobin (CarHb) may provide a better index of chronic uraemic exposure than a single measurement of urea. Objective: To evaluate the carbamylated haemoglobin as an early biomarker in the diagnosis of CKD. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2019. A total of seventy (70) patients with renal impairment were enrolled. On the basis of developing CKD the study population was divided into two groups- group A (CKD) and group B (Non CKD). Relevant investigations like- urine routine microscopic examination, 24 hours urinary total protein, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes, complete blood count, serum albumin, serum calcium, serum phosphate, serum parathyroid hormone, carbamylated haemoglobin levels and renal ultrasonography were done. These investigations were repeated in each patient after 3 months to define CKD according to KDIGO guideline. All data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. Results: Among total 70 study subjects, 15(21.4%) patients had CKD and their mean age was 54.47(±11.84) years. Carbamylated haemoglobin (CarHb) level was significantly higher (107.2±9.3 µgVH/g Hb versus 86.2±15.2 µgVH/g Hb; p

36-years old man presenting with the complaint of sudden severe upper abdominal pain, vomiting and polyuria with raised serum creatinine (2.74 mg/dl), serum calcium (19.68 mg/dl) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (2014.70 pg/ml) level. His ultrasound image of neck region demonstrated hypoechoic mass (12×10 mm) at left inferior parathyroid gland. Parathyroid schintography reported positive for parathyroid adenoma (left lower). He underwent medical management followed by parathyroidectomy. Optimum serum calcium concentration is essential for homeostasis and function of multiple organ systems. Severe hypercalcaemia is rare but life threatening complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). In order to prevent mortality, it is necessary to provide immediate appropriate treatment by correcting hypercalcaemia and dehydration.

Ensuring good health when children are of school age is essential to increase attendance and educational achievement. It is also important to establish healthy habit among them. The survey was aimed to improve and promote heath and healthy practice among high school children. This descriptive cross sectional study was carried among 333, six to ten classes’ school children at City Corporation Adorsho high school children in Dhaka by purposive sampling who were presences on the survey day at 20th January, 2018. Data were collected on a self-administer questionnaire under supervision of school teacher. Data were analyzed manually and by using computer. Majority of the respondents were Muslims (94.0%), more than half the responded was female 53% and mean age was 14 ±00 years. About 47% students live with their fathers and Mothers. The study result showed that most of the respondents (52.9%) and (59.2%) were don’t know about sexual transmitted disease and prevention of STD and 59% respondents were talking with their parents regarding their problem. The study also revealed that 66.7% respondents weren’t talked about HIV or AIDS with their parents. Underweight students account for about 60% and overweight and obsess students account for about 6%. Only 35.3% children are normal. School health education and follow up based on these results are necessary., {"references":["Park K. (2017), \"Textbook of preventive and social medicine\",","School health and nutritional manual, (2010)","Kelly, Gavin, Molcho, NicGabhainn, (2010)","GSHS,Bangladesh (2014)","(July 2017), \"Health status of primary school children: study from a rural health block of Lucknow, Asghar SA et al\", Int J Community Med Public Health, Volume 4, Issue 7, pp. 2498−2501.","Khan AZ, Sing NL, Hassan SB, Sinta SN, Zaheer M. (1990), \"Anthropometric measurements in rural school children\", J R Soc Health, Volume 173, Issue 3, pp. 279−286","Nutrition for the school-aged child. Neb Guide Series No.G92-1086-A 2002,1","(Jan 2013), \"Nutritional Status of Children in a Rural School of Bangladesh, Dinajpur\", Med Col J, Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 79−84."]}

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth of Chlorella ellipsoidea in three different media viz,. medium I (pulse bran), medium II (soil extract) and medium III (inorganic) under the natural environmental conditions. The alga, C. ellipsoidea, reached maximum cell density of 56.32 × 106 cells ml-1 in 10 days in medium I (pulse bran), maximum cell density of 102.99 × 106 cells ml-1 in 11 days in medium II (soil extract) and maximum cell density of 64.23 × 106 cells ml-1 in 12 days in medium III (inorganic medium). The ranges of water temperature, air temperature and light intensity were 22 to 32ºC, 22 to 34ºC and 2.11 to 4.31 (× 103) lux, respectively during the culture period. The average sunshine period was 7.65 ± 1.57 hours. Total alkalinity, free CO2, pH, NO3-N, PO4- P of algal culture medium I, medium II and medium III were 220, 200 and 150 mg L-1 ; 26, 9 and 19 mg L-1; 7.9, 7.6 and 7.5; 45, 45 and 133.33 mg L-1; 10.9, 15.1 and 37.06 mg L-1 , respectively. Cell densities of cultures of C. ellipsoidea under three treatments I, II and III, it can be concluded that cell densities under 3 treatments are significantly different (F=39.78) and treatment II (soil extract medium) is the best for algal (C. ellipsoidea) culture among three treatments.