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The aim of this research is to develop a prototype of a multi-agent systems (MAS), which manages the resources and activities in a smart classroom (SaCI). We developed three specific objectives. First, we designed the architecture of the MAS that manages the resources and activities in a virtual learning environment (VLE), for which we used the related works on MAS in a VLE. Second, we implement the architecture of the MAS, the prototype proposed has been called GREAC (Gestion de Recursos y Actividades), which considers the learning style (LS) of the student to manage the resources and activities in an adaptive way, and uses the methodology Prometheus, Moodle 3.6 (VLE), and the framework Jade, for the development of the prototype of the MAS. Third, we evaluated the prototype GREAC in a SaCI in an academic context. In the evaluation participated 54 students from the Universidad Nacional de Loja, of the Carrera de Ingenieria en Sistemas. As a result of the evaluation by the students, we obtained a level of satisfaction 92.6 %. Finally, this work concludes that the implementation of a MAS in a VLE allows the dynamic management of resources and activities, taking into account the students LS, allowing an adaptive and personalized management.

Healthcare information systems (HIS) have become an important area of research due to ever-increasing healthcare costs to the national economy. Many recent technological developments such as mobile technology and cloud computing have profoundly affected the current state of HIS and further facilitated the developments of ubiquitous computing and ubiquitous learning systems (ULS). The authors propose a multi-agent system for ubiquitous learning (MASUL) to facilitate various learning tasks. They use JADE (Java agent development framework) for developing the multi-agent system. MASUL provides a series of functionalities that can be used by the patients and clinicians. The system simplifies the mechanisms to access learning information via mobile devices, and it also facilitates the learning-teaching process centered on the physical surroundings of the user.

JADE is a differential evolution (DE) algorithm and has been shown to be very competitive in comparison with other evolutionary optimization algorithms. However, it suffers from the premature convergence problem and is easily trapped into local optima. This article presents a novel JADE variant by incorporating chaotic local search (CLS) mechanisms into JADE to alleviate this problem. Taking advantages of the ergodicity and nonrepetitious nature of chaos, it can diversify the population and thus has a chance to explore a huge search space. Because of the inherent local exploitation ability, its embedded CLS can exploit a small region to refine solutions obtained by JADE. Hence, it can well balance the exploration and exploitation in a search process and further improve its performance. Four kinds of its CLS incorporation schemes are studied. Multiple chaotic maps are individually, randomly, parallelly, and memory-selectively incorporated into CLS. Experimental and statistical analyses are performed on a set of 53 benchmark functions and four real-world optimization problems. Results show that it has a superior performance in comparison with JADE and some other state-of-the-art optimization algorithms.

In today’s world, the internet and distributed computing make things so convenient that web services can be easily built and fetch from any platform. Web services are loosely coupled, interoperable, and heterogeneous hence they help to connect web applications of different languages. Interoperability is the major factor while transferring web services from one platform to another platform.WS-I basic profile 1.0/1.1 organization provides guidelines to achieve interoperability of web services at a basic level but still, issues arise at a complex level. In this paper, we have discussed and shown the result of two interoperability issues i.e. Date with Null value and Collection of Complex data types of web services using JAVA and.NET environment. In the first issue.NET treat NULL as a value type and JAVA treats NULL as reference type in date-time data type. So, whenever a JAVA client fetches a web service built in.NET it will show a parsable error. In the second issue, a web service data structure contains elements of any type. Whenever, a web service built with the ‘ArrayOfAnyType’ data structure, it can be easily mapped to a.NET client but not to JAVA client. Hence, a data type mismatch issue arises here. To resolve these inter-platform issues, we have used JADE-WSIG as middleware between web services and agent-technology.

The increasing number of connected devices and the complexity of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems are demanding new architectures for managing and securing these networked environments. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are security solutions that help to detect and mitigate the threats that IoT systems face, but there is a need for new IDS strategies and architectures. This paper describes a development environment that allows the programming and debugging of distributed, rule-based multi-agent IDS solutions. The proposed solution consists in the integration of a rule engine into the agent, the use of a specialized, wrapping agent class with a graphical user interface for programming and debugging purposes, and a mechanism for the incremental composition of behaviors. A comparative study and an example IDS are used to test and show the suitability and validity of the approach. The JADE multi-agent middleware has been used for the practical implementations.

The spread of the Internet of Things (IoT) is demanding new, powerful architectures for handling the huge amounts of data produced by the IoT devices. In many scenarios, many existing isolated solutions applied to IoT devices use a set of rules to detect, report and mitigate malware activities or threats. This paper describes a development environment that allows the programming and debugging of such rule-based multi-agent solutions. The solution consists of the integration of a rule engine into the agent, the use of a specialized, wrapping agent class with a graphical user interface for programming and testing purposes, and a mechanism for the incremental composition of behaviors. Finally, a set of examples and a comparative study were accomplished to test the suitability and validity of the approach. The JADE multi-agent middleware has been used for the practical implementation of the approach.

In the propagation of plant tissue in vitro it is necessary to obtain from the leaf a circular section cut. In order to achieve this type of cuts the visual feedback is used, allowing us to analyze the RGB planes to detect the green color and find the image centroid. In order to fulfill the cut objective a PD+ control is used with self-tuning based on the adaptive differential evolutionary algorithm JADE.

The author discusses the principal themes in Jade McGleughlin’s paper (this issue): the to-and-fro movement between the negative and confusion in the session, the ever-present risk of the analyst’s...

Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a mutant and complex system which represents a competitive challenge that companies are facing. It aims to optimize the product, financial and information flows, that the company manages with its suppliers, retailers and customers. Existent computing technologies have some faults in complex systems modeling. Nevertheless, research works in multi-agent system (MAS) technology have shown that complex systems can be modeled in order to generate smart and efficient solutions. SCM is considered to be a MAS, where protagonists are represented by different agents. In addition, cooperation between actors in Agent-based SCM has been proven to be an effective mechanism for improving SCM performance. The aim of this paper is to provide a solution for decision-making problems in information systems used in SCM, where each phase in the SC has been developed as an agent allowing communication, coordination and negotiation among the agents to achieve business goals. The proposed MAS will be implemented using a Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) based on specific methods to enhance collaboration in the SCM.

We propose a distributed approach to solve the multi-robot task allocation problem. This problem consists of two distinct sets: robots and tasks. The objective is to assign tasks to robots while optimizing a given criterion. This problem is known to be $\mathcal {NP}$ -hard even with small numbers of robots and tasks. The field of survivors’ search and rescue is adopted: i.e. some Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are used to rescue a number of survivors. We choose this problem, given its importance in everyday life: (a) survivors are the tasks; (b) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are the robots; and (c) the objective is to rescue the maximum number of survivors while minimizing the makespan (time elapsed between rescuing the first and last survivors) and traveled distances. The approach is composed of two phases: inclusion and consensus. During the inclusion phase, each Unmanned Aerial Vehicle builds a bundle of survivors using the Ant Colony System. During the consensus phase, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles resolve conflicts in their bundles of survivors (i.e. a survivor is being chosen by more than two Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), using an adequate coordination mechanism. The approach is implemented using Java programming language and JADE multi-agent Framework. The performance of our approach is compared to five state-of-the-art multi-robot task allocation solutions. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms these solutions, in terms of: (i) makespans; (ii) traveled distances; and (iii) exchanged messages.

CIPDE and JADE are two powerful and effective Differential Evolution (DE) algorithms with strong exploration and exploitation capabilities. In order to take advantage of these two algorithms, we present a hybrid differential evolution algorithm combining modified CIPDE (MCIPDE) with modified JADE (MJADE) called CIJADE. In CIJADE, the population is first partitioned into two subpopulations according to the fitness value, i.e., superior and inferior subpopulations, to maintain the population diversity. The superior subpopulation evolves using the operation defined in MCIPDE. The MCIPDE adds an external archive to the mutation scheme to enhance the population diversity and exploration capability of original CIPDE. While the inferior subpopulation evolves using the operation defined in MJADE. The MJADE modifies the original JADE by adjusting the parameter p in linear decreasing way to balance the exploration and exploitation ability of original JADE. A new crossover operation is designed to original JADE to deal with the problem of stagnation. Furthermore, the parameters CR and F values of CIJADE are updated according to a modified parameter adaptation strategy in each generation. We validate the performance of the proposed CIJADE algorithm over 28 benchmark functions of the CEC2013 benchmark set. The experimental results indicate that the proposed CIJADE performs better than the eleven popular stateof-the-art DE variants. What's more, we apply the proposed CIJADE to deal with Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) path planning problem. The simulation results show that the proposed CIJADE can efficiently find the optimal or near optimal flight path for UCAV.

Goals. The article seeks to introduce into scientific discourse a Mongolianlanguage text dealing with divination and astrological practices, and housed by the National Museum of the Tyva Republic (М-653). Materials. The Classical Mongolian manuscript text is a fragment (introductory part) of the famous Chinese composition titled ‘Jade Box Writings’. It includes 25 yellowish pages of medium size, the pages 7б, 9а, 9б, 10а, 10б missing from the document. The fragment comprises several sections dealing with astrology and divination. Results. The paper compares the Tuva-based text (М-653) to a woodblock print from the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (ID no. F 145). The analysis reveals that manuscript М-653 contains a number of omissions (words and phrases), many lexemes having been essentially marred. The study concludes the Mongolian translation — as is evident from the title ‘A Concise Description of Chapter One of The Jade Box Writings Newly Translated for Various Occasions’ — is a concise translation of the Chinese original, the former missing quite a number of details, and suggests the Tuva-based manuscript is a copy of the Beijing Mongolian-language edition two xylographs of which have been discovered at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts. The text introduced into scientific discourse is actually a historical document providing insight into household activities and worldview concepts of the 19th-century Mongols. The article transliterates the text, translates it into Russian, and supplements a facsimile.

A multi-agent system is proposed that simulates a network of vehicle rental stations in a city. The paper studies the relationship between the agents and the client, analyses the casuistry associated with possible problems that may be encountered in the absence of transport in a given stop, as well as the decisions that could be taken by the interested party. Subsequently, an architecture capable of being scalable in terms of functionalities and the number of agents involved in it will be proposed. The aim of this paper is to revise the original paper, which is more focused on the possibility of studying a particular city, raising and solving the problems associated with public vehicle sharing services.

This issue combines these two applications, marine systems and microgrids, and looks at possible synergies and commonalities. First, the "Technology Leaders" column, "Shipboard Electric Power Conversion: System Architecture, Applications, Control, and Challenges" by Pramod Ghimire, Daeseong Park, Mehdi Karbalaye Zadeh, Jade Thorstensen, and Eilif Pedersen, describes the impact of power electronics on the evolution of ship applications. Power electronics is the main driver enabling the decarbonization of both the whole energy system and maritime applications. The process started about 30 years ago, with solutions such as the retrofit of the Queen Elizabeth II in 1988, which introduced electric propulsion.

In order to solve the problem that the removal effect of EEG artifacts is not ideal in EEG preprocessing, PCA-JADE-ARX is used in this paper. Firstly, PCA is used to select the number of components, and then JADE method is used to remove the artifacts. Based on the results of removing the artifacts, ARX model is estimated to find the optimal model and complete the correction of JADE results. Finally, clean and reliable real EEG signals are restored. The relative error, stability and effectiveness of the method are improved, which shows the practical application of the method.

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a plug-and-play-capable energy management system (EMS) based on agent negotiation and consensus of a multi-agent system (MAS) designed using the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE). A distributed EMS is adopted to solve the optimization problem and minimize the generation cost of the IEEE 37-bus DC system in a decentralized manner with the help of the MAS. The approach is validated via a simulation carried out in MATLAB and JADE with a TCP/IP interface between the two platforms. The results show that the EMS algorithm, with the help of the implemented PnP capability, exhibits robustness and converges very fast.

The problem of the optimal control for a SOFT-based generation system is being solved with a multi-agent approach which allows to take into account the environmental friendliness and low maneuverability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). For the SOFT-based generation system, a SOFC-agent and a load-agent have been created. Algorithms for the agent operation have been developed. To study the multi-agent control system effectiveness, the JADE platform and the RastrWin software package have been used. In the JADE simulation environment, an interaction model of the SOFT-based generation system agents with other agents within distributed energy system (DES) has been developed and investigated. Using the RastrWin platform, a simulation model of the DES electrical network has been implemented and the indicators of steady-state operating modes of the SOFT-based generation system have been investigated. The research results have shown the positive effects achieved when using a multi-agent control system (complete use of the SOFC generated electricity, ensuring the required voltage level on the buses of consumers with a SOFC power plant).

Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging topic in so many aspects nowadays. The integration between devices and human itself is currently in large scale development. With the continuous applications of the IoT, the hidden problems such as security threats become one of the key considerations. Furthermore, limited power and computational capability of the devices in the system make it more challenging.Therefore, the needs of reliable and effective security system throughout the networks are highly needed. This research proposed a collaborative system based on JADE that consists of 3 types of agent, which are IoT server, controller, and node. Every agents will collaborate each other in terms of exchanging the intrusion detection results. The collaboration between the agents will provide more efficient and good performance. Four classification algorithms were used to model IDS functions. Then, the performance evaluation was done on the system with several parameters such as cost loss expectation, energy consumption, and metric of IDS efficiency. The result shows that the number of reports sent by IoT controller were decreased up to 80% while preserving the security aspect.

This paper introduces computer vision systems (CVSs), which provides a new method to measure gem colour, and compares CVS and colourimeter (CM) measurements of jadeite-jade colour in the CIELAB space. The feasibility of using CVS for jadeite-jade colour measurement was verified by an expert group test and a reasonable regression model in an experiment involving 111 samples covering almost all jadeite-jade colours. In the expert group test, more than 93.33% of CVS images are considered to have high similarities with real objects. Comparing L*, a*, b*, C*, h, and ∆E* (greater than 10) from CVS and CM tests indicate that significant visual differences exist between the measured colours. For a*, b*, and h, the R2 of the regression model for CVS and CM was 90.2% or more. CVS readings can be used to predict the colour value measured by CM, which means that CVS technology can become a practical tool to detect the colour of jadeite-jade.

Existing works have reported that adaptive differential evolution algorithms, i.e., adaptive DEs, improve the MOEA/D-DE algorithm, but this result is limited to small-scale multi-objective optimization problems. This paper compares four popular adaptive DEs on the MOEA/D-DE framework to evaluate their scalability to the number of decision variables and objectives. Specifically, we employ jDE, JADE, EPSDE, and SaDE in this paper. Our experimental results provide the following novel observations. MOEA/D-DE with JADE derives the best average rank on small-scale problems. However, the performances of MOEA/D-DE with JADE, EPSDE, and SaDE gradually degrade with the increase of the problem scale. In contrast, jDE stably improves the performance of MOEA/D-DE on large-scale problems employed in this paper (i.e., 11 objectives and 100 decision variables). Thus, we find a critical tradeoff among adaptive DEs in terms of the scalability of the MOEA/D-DE framework; a statistical adaption like JADE is suitable for small-scale problems, but a randomization adaptation like jDE is effective with the increase of the problem scale. Our results also suggest that parameter-only adaptation can be suitable for MOEA/D-DE regardless of the problem scale.

As the complexity of the real-world engineering problems increases, numerous efficient constraint-handling methods and optimization algorithms have emerged recently. However, the majority of the research consider the constraint-handling method and the optimization algorithm independently. In this paper, we propose a constraint-based mutation operator, in which the constraint violation and objective function are considered simultaneously. We define the pbest individuals as the best in top 5% constraint violators if all the individuals are infeasible. In this way, we could guide the population move towards the feasible region. Two real-world engineering applications are used to test the performance of the I $\varepsilon$ JADE. Compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms, the experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the I $\varepsilon$ JADE algorithm, which also exhibits a fast convergence rate in terms of computation efficiency.

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a decentralized multi-agent based plug-and-play capability for an energy management system (EMS) of a DC microgrid. For the EMS, a consensus algorithm is used with a fully distributed optimization approach. The multi-agent system (MAS) is designed using the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE), taking advantage of its features and properties to implement the plug-and-plug capability. Agent negotiation abilities are implemented to enable the agents to react according to time-varying communication topologies in the microgrid. An interface based on TCP/IP is implemented between Matlab and JADE to create a bi-directional communication link so that signals are sent from Matlab to the microgrid agents to trigger certain events in the system. The EMS algorithm, with the help of the implemented plug-and-play capability, exhibits robustness and converges very fast. The results are validated through simulation.

Normative multi-agent systems are multi-agent systems where agents are governed by norms. This recent research domain is now in full expansion. Despite the progress made in this area, various challenges remain the subject of research studies. In particular, there is a need for innovative solutions to support the implementation of this kind of multi-agent systems in order to improve the development process and consequently to simplify the developers' task. In the literature, most proposed works in this area are either closely related to specific problems or require complicated theoretical frameworks. In this article, a new framework baptized NorJADE is proposed to support the implementation of normative multi-agent systems. The proposed framework is open source, simple, modular and extensible. It is based on the popular open source JADE platform and uses the two well-known software technologies: ontology and aspect-oriented programming. The framework and the associated tool are illustrated using a concrete case study.

The aim of the researchis to develop a prototype of the intelligent multi-agent system for dynamic interaction of the intelligent agents in the integrated information and educational space to solve the problem of formation of joint educational programs by several educational institutions.Materials and methods.In modern conditions of digital transformation of education the organization of network training of students on dynamically formed educational programs in accordance with the needs of the labor market and the individual requirements of students is becoming increasingly important. It is proposed to develop a software platform based on intelligent multi-agent technology for flexible integration of educational resources and implementation of joint educational programs by several interacting educational institutions. As a basis for the development of the software prototype architecture, the specifications of the developer community for the standardization of agent technologies FIPA (the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents), and the software tool environment – JADE framework (Java Agent Development Network) were chosen.Results.The paper presents the architecture of intelligent multi-agent system for network interaction of educational institutions in the integrated information and educational space, which allows to dynamically forming educational programs in accordance with the requested professional competencies. The structure of the ontology of information and educational space, providing the interaction of intelligent agents, is justified, and the mechanism of its display from the OWL format to the format of the tool environment JADE, using the plugin Protege is described. The description of the software prototype, the structure of intelligent agents in the JADE format and the technology of agent interaction, based on the FIPA protocols in the process of educational programs formation is presented.Conclusion.The implementation of the multi-agent system prototype for network interaction of educational institutions allows you to quickly create educational programs in accordance with individual and group learning trajectories under the specific formed professional competence. The presented software prototype with some modification can be used for other subject areas of the digital economy, involving the dynamic formation of network structures of interaction for business partners.

In this paper, two novel reconfiguration protocols are proposed for an embedded agent, wireless control network for industrial automation systems. This work is motivated by the need for cyber-physical systems for advanced manufacturing that are capable of quickly responding to change while maintaining stable and efficient operation. These protocols are evaluated using a Java Agent DEvelopment (JADE) simulation environment to determine their relative quality of service, bandwidth usage, and reconfiguration efficiency. The results of the experiments support the use of embedded agent technology in low-level devices such as wireless sensor and actor nodes. In particular, device level intelligence provides a direct means to adapt to disturbances on the shop floor while maintaining efficient overall sensing and control system operation.

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless multi-hop network, where the nodes interact with each other without any prior defined infrastructure. In MANET, applications leads to many complicated challenges such as location management of devices, services etc. Moreover, the applications need various requirements with underlying network in terms of response time, location accuracy of nodes etc. The dynamically changing network topology of MANET because of mobility of nodes leads to difficulty in their movement prediction and getting current location information. We propose in this paper, a mobile agent based protocol for location management in MANETs, for providing high quality of service to the distributed application running at the nodes of MANET with out any interruption intelligently. The proposed protocol estimates and predicts the mobile nodes location based on the their location information and history of movement patterns, by making use of static agents and mobile agents. The framework, Java Agent Development Environment (JADE) is used for simulation to realise the functionality of the protocol by agents generation, agent migration, and for communication among the agents. Simulation results shows that the proposed protocol ingest less time, provides better accuracy of location information, lower network overhead, consume less resources of the network.

With advent of the state-of-art technology and unprecedented rate of globalization, traditional customer-centricity marketing put forward by Henry Ford no longer perfectly suits into every scenario and does exhibit many flaws. Consequently, many businesses and scholars are considering developing an innovative marketing pattern named “digital marketing”, which is largely customer-centricity and achieved certain process. The aim of this essay is to recognize how digital marketing has impacted world economy and to discuss the underlying potential of this bold revolution. To achieve these goals, a large number of data must be collected and then analyzed. Then, several dominant platforms such as the success of Tik Tok and Kuai Shou are extracted, studied and compared. Moreover, two typical cases, endorser Jiaqi Li and Jade Market in Ruili, Yunnan are discussed. The final conclusion is that though it still exhibits certain imperfection, the digital marketing's future is prospective since it won every individual customer's preference and is so irresistible. Conventional businesses must take some actions to revitalize themselves and attract customers, or their competitiveness will be gradually impaired.

As one of the four major schools of Chinese jade carving, Shanghai style jade carving is a manifestation of Shanghai's unique regional culture and Shanghai style cultural spirit. And it has extremely high cultural and commercial value. However, in the teaching process of jade carving, there are problems such as high teaching cost, lack of teachers, and limited time and place. In order to solve these problems, we have designed a virtual teaching platform that combines Shanghai style jade carving skills with virtual simulation technology. We used Rhino and 3ds Max to model in a virtual environment. Based on Unity 3D development engine, we used C# scripting language to realize the human-computer interaction function of the system, and completed the design of teaching cognition, training of carving techniques, selection of carving tools, and teaching assessment. In addition, the research elaborates on the technical route, system framework and implementation process of the virtual teaching system in detail. Fifteen students of jade carving skills tested this system and verified the reliability and effectiveness of the system from their interviews. The system utilizes the immersive, interactive and imaginative functions of virtual technology. Therefore, it can effectively reduce the cost of jade carving training and improve learning efficiency, so that jade carving learners can’t be limited by space, time, and materials. Moreover, it plays an important role in promoting the application of virtual reality technology in education and training.

The Internet of things (IoT) systems and cyber- physical systems (CPS) have lured various embedded technology from low-end to high-level devices, including sensors nodes, development boards, and model-based solutions to increase the development and prototyping of the target systems. Moreover, these systems' heterogeneity problem and complexity require intelligent solutions where the multi-agent systems can be a solution. LEGO technology is a preferable methodology to emulate the complexity and heterogeneity problem of cyber-physical systems, which benefit from the IoT paradigm to establish network, communication and messaging. However, a methodology to integrate the software agents to control these LEGO-based complex and heterogeneous systems should be defined. Once embedded sensing, actuation, networking and control are merged with the agent- based programming, then this infrastructure can pave the way for applying intelligent and model-based solutions to tackle the high- level problems of CPS. In this paper, a case study is introduced to describe the LEGO technology-based cyber-physical systems and software agents' integration. During the development of the convoy robot case study, a line follower robot followed by an adaptive cruise control robot is implemented. The case study design (both the system and software) is realized using SysML, and the implementation is done using Lego Bricks, RaspberryPi, and JADE agent programming language.

In this paper, we focus on the development of e-commerce recommender system using fuzzy-based multi-agent framework. This framework provides a cooperative partnership between the suppliers and the customers through a consultation mechanism. For this, we use fuzzy inference to make it easier for the customers to communicate their orientation regarding goods or services in flavorful essences, like low, medium, high, or other preferences. The fuzzy logic is built by the sampling of preexisting history records, which is translated into principles by a professional. We represent the process of negotiation by creating three agents, namely purchasing, sales, and mediator, respectively. This process is carried out using Jade framework. Finally, we use a test case to show the working of the proposed framework.

The development of interior environment art design has always been the focus of attention. This paper, based on the application of soft decoration materials, expounds the decoration innovation in the interior environment art design, hoping that the research in this paper can provide guidance and reference for the development of interior environmental art design, and also play a role in attracting jade for the research in related fields, Different scores are assigned according to the matching degree, and then it is modeled as an optimization problem with the goal of maximizing the total score of task assignment and constrained by the time and space of workers and tasks. In each time slice, the maximum score problem is transformed into a bipartite graph matching problem.

Now-a-days, email is often one of the most widely used means of communication despite the rise of other communication methods such as instant messaging or communication via social networks. The need to automate the email stream management increases for reasons such as multi-folder categorization, and spam email classification. There are solutions based on email content, capable of contemplating elements such as the text subjective nature, adverse effects of concept drift, among others. This paper presents an email stream classifier with a goal-oriented approach to client and server environment. The i* language was the basis for designing the proposed email stream classifier. The email environment was represented with the early requirements model and the proposed classifier with the late requirements model. The classifier was implemented following a multi-agent system approach supported by JADE agent platform and Implementation_JADE pattern. The behavior of agents was taking from an existing classifier. The multi-agent classifier was evaluated using functional, efficacy and performance tests, which compared the existing classifier with the multi-agent approach. The results obtained were satisfactory in all the tests. The performance of multi-agent approach was better than the existing classifier due to the use of multi-threads. This work was performed as part of the Smart University Project financed by the University of Alicante.

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs) aim to improve safety, traffic efficiency, energy efficiency, and comfort. The C-ITS uses technology to allow vehicles to communicate with each other and with roadside infrastructure. C-ITS services generate and use local information shared by vehicles and infrastructures to improve transport systems, to increase energy efficiency and road safety. Development and deployment of C-ITS services for fixed and mobile components and for road users are not linked and each service provides independent information. However, these C-ITS services need interoperability to have visibility to all system and then to take the right decision and to be monitored and controlled. In this paper, we propose a mobile agent-based framework to deploy C-ITS applications in fixed components (roadside infrastructure) in order to monitor and manage C-ITS services’ interoperability in mobile components (vehicles). This framework aims to allow the linking between some C-ITS services and then to allow the management of local information collected and generated by deployed C-ITS services. An example of a safety C-ITS services scenario is illustrated to show the usefulness of the proposed framework.

The modern E-commerce incorporates online merchants and digital payment modes, offering benefits to the customers. However, the research conducted in the area of customer driven bargaining is limited and it is hard to find a single e-commerce platform to facilitate customers for ordering some product by negotiating the prices with the identified best merchants in the echo system by using past data except traditional auction supporting merchants. The study was conducted with the assumption that some customers are more important than others, so that that they should not be treated equally with common rewards. The research executes Multi Agent Based merchant-customer bargaining solution for online transactions. This solution contains Agents, namely, Customer Agents, Merchant Agents, Manager Agents and Search Agent. Upon the request by a customer agent with the product name, customer location, history of purchase pattern of the customer, multiple merchant agents will be activated. Consequently, agents initiate communication about the product and the negotiation ultimately sets out terms on an agreeable price to both parties. The solution has been implemented on JADE and the results yielded can imply avenues for further research.

Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems 35(1), 10 (2021). doi:10.1007/s10458-020-09489-0, Published by Springer Science + Business Media B.V, Dordrecht [u.a.]

A novel blind digital beamforming (DBF) method based on complex-valued ICA is presented in this paper. The main idea of this method is to get the accurate estimation of array manifold using complex-valued ICA algorithms (such as CFastICA and JADE algorithms), and then beams are formed with DBF algorithm LCMV. Due to the inherent complex amplitude uncertainty of complex ICA algorithm, it is difficult to obtain an accurate array manifold directly. To overcome this disadvantage, an accurate array manifold can be got by our new method. The array manifold can be estimated accurately and the performance of the blind beamformers is also very well by proposed method in our simulation results with low SNR.

Differential Evolution (DE) has been successfully applied to various optimization problems. The performance of DE is affected by algorithm parameters, mutation strategies and so on. One of the most successful studies on controlling the parameters is JADE. In this study, we focus on mutation strategies and propose an adaptive mutation strategy to improve JADE. Some directional mutation strategies, which utilize directional difference vectors from bad individuals to good individuals, have been proposed to improve search speed. However, in order to avoid local solutions, the vectors in opposite direction may be necessary. The proper frequency of such vectors depends on the problem and the search process. We propose an adaptive mutation strategy that controls the frequency of directional and opposite directional vectors adaptively to realizes efficient and stable search. The advantage of JADE with the proposed method is shown by solving thirteen benchmark problems.

Microgrid (MG), a revolutionary concept in the energy infrastructure, plays an important role for the establishment of a resilient grid infrastructure. Since its emergence, it has evolved around a number of cutting edge technologies for its smooth operation and control. Among them multi-agent system (MAS) provides an intelligent and decentralized platform for the control of microgrid. This paper highlights the application of a MAS in an AC microgrid, including a detailed structure of microgrid, the communication interface between microgrid and multi-agent platform. A detailed small scale microgrid model has been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, whereas the agent platform has been implemented in JADE (Java Agent Development Framework) platform. The MAS autonomously detects main grid outage and facilitates seamless transition from grid-connected mode to islanding mode; thus ensures overall smooth operation of the power network. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the MAS based control system.

Joint Approximate Diagonalization of Eigen-matrices (JADE) cannot deal with non-stationary data. Therefore, in this paper, a method called Non-stationary Kernel JADE (NKJADE) is proposed, which can extract non-stationary features and fuse multi-sensor features precisely and rapidly. In this method, the non-stationarity of the data is considered and the data from multi-sensor are used to fuse the features efficiently. The method is compared with EEMD-SVD-LTSA and EEMD-JADE using the bearing fault data of CWRU, and the validity of the method is verified. Considering that the vibration signals of high-speed trains are typically non-stationary, it is necessary to utilize a rapid feature fusion method to identify the evolutionary trends of hunting motions quickly before the phenomenon is fully manifested. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to identify the evolutionary trend of hunting motions quickly and accurately. Results verify that the accuracy of this method is much higher than that of the EEMD-JADE and EEMD-SVD-LTSA methods. This method can also be used to fuse multi-sensor features of non-stationary data rapidly.

A good financial ecological environment can not only affect the rapid, sustainable, and healthy development of the region's finance and economy, but also affect the region's attractiveness for financial capital, thereby affecting regional development competitiveness. In order to improve the regional financial ecological environment, this article takes the Jade Town of Shannan Fund of Zhejiang province as an example to analyze the mechanism of optimizing the regional financial ecological environment by financial characteristic towns, which can not only provide empirical references for other characteristic towns, but also provide a reference for the optimization of regional financial ecological environment. The results show that: the financial ecological environment of Jade Town of Shannan Fund is significantly better than that of other regions. Jade Town of Shannan Fund mainly optimizes the financial ecological level of the region from four aspects: location condition, ecological environment, policy support and cultural level.

We witnessed great advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) powered technologies over the past few decades. Wide use of AI technologies has led to the creation of an ecosystem where human and AI systems are partners, complementing each other with their strengths. To build a successful human-AI team, there are several considerations, including context awareness, effective communication, pro-activeness, etc. In this paper, we present a taxonomy of human-AI teaming concepts. We extend a multi-agent framework, Java Agent Development Framework (JADE), to support the proposed taxonomy. Our solution framework, Human-AI Collaboration (HACO), enables a model-driven development of human-AI teaming systems through graphical user interface. In this paper, we present the solution architecture for extending JADE with human-AI teaming taxonomy. A user study performed to assess the usefulness of HACO, shows that HACO is a promising framework. We evaluated the proposed framework by developing a set of use cases for a contact center and observed a signification reduction in the overall development effort. The framework video can be viewed at https://youtu.be/lNyrrk8dMqU.

One main foundation of Industry 4.0 is the connectivity of devices and systems using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, where Cyber-physical systems (CPS) act as the backbone infrastructure based on distributed and decentralized structures. This approach provides significant benefits, namely improved performance, responsiveness and reconfigurability, but also brings some problems in terms of security, as the devices and systems become vulnerable to cyberattacks. This paper describes the implementation of several mechanisms to increase the security in a self-organized cyber-physical conveyor system, based on multi-agent systems (MAS) and build up with different individual modular and intelligent conveyor modules. For this purpose, the JADE-S add-on is used to enforce more security controls, also an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is created supported by Machine Learning (ML) techniques that analyses the communication between agents, enabling to monitor and analyse the events that occur in the system, extracting signs of intrusions, together they contribute to mitigate cyberattacks. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In social simulation, agents play different roles with different behaviors. Each has its goals and can cooperate or not with others and consume resources. Sometimes it is necessary to regulate these agents with mechanisms like norms that explain action limitations and how the society works for the agents. To explain how the world works for the agents, in different domains, ontologies have been used to provide human knowledge. In this sense, a more special kind of ontology is built with the legal information of a society: legal ontologies. These legal ontologies operate with concepts and data collected from human society and this can be provided to the agents. With this type of information, the agents can be assisted in monitoring and evaluating actions, comparing their beliefs with existing laws. Platforms into programming multi-agent systems provide an environment to develop the social simulations, but not always provided a connection with ontologies resources. This study proposes the AgentDevLaw middleware that integrates platforms of agents’ simulation with an existent legal ontology. The application of the software component is exemplified and tested with simulation scenarios in two agent’s environments: JaCaMo and JADE.

The work is devoted to the creation of a technology and an intelligent system for prediction and control of complex nonlinear dynamic objects in the oil and gas industry based on modified algorithms of artificial immune systems using the multi-agent platform JADE. As an example, there is considered a technological process for gas purification from acidic components at the U300 installation (medium pressure absorber D302) of the Tengiz Chevroil enterprise. There has been developed a knowledge base based on ontological models implemented in the Protege ontology editor. The creation of the knowledge base is carried out according to the concept of MDA (Model-Driven Architecture), when first platform-independent ontological models are created, and then platform-dependent ones. The hierarchical structure of classes and the visualization of a common ontological model for a multi-agent system are presented. Developed a block diagram of a multi-agent intelligent prediction and control system, implemented on the JADE platform. A description of the containers created in JADE and a fragment of the agent specification are given. Simulation results are presented.

This paper presents a Multiagent System (MAS) oriented to proactively control a connected digital home scenario based on Internet of Things (IoT). The objects of IoT have been deployed using the openHAB tool and the agents that control these objects have been programmed using Java Agent DEvelopment Framework (JADE). The agents incorporate a behavior that enables them to be able to execute automatic request/response processes that allow them sharing data of interest and executing rules that define complex behaviors. As a result, we obtained a system developed in Java that proactively controls the objects of IoT according to the changes raised in a digital home scenario.

A recent survey provides convincing evidence that JADE is among the most widely used tools to develop agent-based software systems. It finds application in industrial settings and to support research, and it has been used to introduce students to software agents in various universities. This paper offers a perspective on the current state of JADE by first presenting a chronicle of the relevant events that contributed to make JADE what it is today. Then, this paper enumerates some of the abstractions that JADE helped to identify and that are now commonly adopted in the community of researchers and practitioners interested in software agents and agent-based software development. Such abstractions have been successfully applied to construct relevant software systems, and among them, this paper reports on a mission-critical system that uses the abstractions that JADE contributed to identify to serve millions of users every day. Finally, this paper discusses an outlook on the near future of JADE by sketching a recent project that could contribute to provide a new perspective on the use of JADE.

Companies and organizations in today’s business especially online business are found in dire need of hiring employees for market research. They pay handsome compensations for the services of such employees in return. In addition, market research deals with loads of internet surfing, spending time on studying potential markets and tapping potential customers. Few existing market research tools/platforms are able to generate potential clients and assist to run marketing campaigns; but, these also require prepared data sets that need to be mapped as per the software’s own requirements and capacities. Our idea is to employ Multi Agent System (MAS) to search particular markets and provide an efficient route to gather business opportunities that are incessantly created in the fast paced world today. Two basic methodologies for MASs are complementary to each other; one is iterative on each stage of development while the other one is a cyclic process of analysis and design. Amalgamation of these two, is used for designing our desired multi agent system for Market Research in E-Business (MREB). In order to make a prototype, we used Netbeans, JADE FIPA-compliant with SQL Server 5.7. It equips any company using this platform with an opportunity to get a huge list of suitable projects according to its product base and/or services expertise. We have achieved considerable results by our system MREB with some new features.