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The boron-10 based Multi-Grid detector is being developed as an alternative to helium-3 based neutron detectors. At the European Spallation Source, the detector will be used for time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy at cold to thermal neutron energies. The objective of this work is to investigate fine time- and energy-resolved effects of the Multi-Grid detector, down to a few $\mu$eV, while comparing it to the performance of a typical helium-3 tube. Furthermore, it is to characterize differences between the detector technologies in terms of internal scattering, as well as the time reconstruction of ~ $\mu$s short neutron pulses. The data were taken at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, where the Multi-Grid detector and a helium-3 tube were installed at the ESS test beamline, V20. Using a Fermi-chopper, the neutron beam of the reactor was chopped into a few tens of $\mu$s wide pulses before reaching the detector, located a few tens of cm downstream. The data of the measurements show an agreement between the derived and calculated neutron detection efficiency curve. The data also provide fine details on the effect of internal scattering, and how it can be reduced. For the first time, the chopper resolution was comparable to the timing resolution of the Multi-Grid detector. This allowed a detailed study of time- and energy resolved effects, as well as a comparison with a typical helium-3 tube., Comment: 37 pages, 21 figures

The main objective of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is to perform consistently high impact neutron scattering science using the highest neutron flux of any facility in its class. This ambition is naturally accompanied by operational challenges related to the vertical integration of the instruments' hardware and software shared between collaborators from 13 European countries. The present work will detail integration tests performed at the V20 Test Instrument at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin in Germany. An ESS chopper prototype was successfully controlled through the ESS Chopper Integration Controller (CHIC) and Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). Neutron data were successfully collected and time stamped using neutron beam monitors, the ESS prototype detector readout electronics and the Data Management Software Center (DMSC) data acquisition (DAQ) software. Chopper rotation events were timestamped and the chopper disk showed excellent stability and neutron absorption characteristics. The test resulted in (i) the expected time-of-flight (TOF) response, (ii) collected data that compared well with instrument reference data and (iii) revealing the diagnostic power of the performed integration tests. The results of this integration test validate the ESS chopper and detector DAQ architecture choices., 8 pages, 9 figures

We present experimental evidence for a quantum phase transition in the easy-axis $S=3/2$ anisotropic quasi-one-dimensional ferromagnet ${\mathrm{CoCl}}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ in a transverse field. Elastic neutron scattering shows that the magnetic order parameter vanishes at a transverse critical field ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}{H}_{c}=16.05$(4) T, while inelastic neutron scattering shows that the gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum vanishes at the same field value, and reopens for $Hg{H}_{c}$. The field dependence of the order parameter and the gap are well described by critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09$ and $z\ensuremath{\nu}$ close to $1/2$, implying that the quantum phase transition in ${\mathrm{CoCl}}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ differs significantly from the textbook version of a $S=1/2$ Ising chain in a transverse field. We attribute the difference to weak but finite three-dimensionality of the magnetic interactions.

The magnetic ground state of nominally stoichiometric single crystalline NbFe 2 is investigated by bulk magnetisation and muon spin relaxation techniques. Magnetic order clearly emerges below the critical temperature T N =10.3 K and is dominated by randomly orientated quasi-static moments. The local field distribution observed by muons can be explained by the phenomenological Gaussian-broadened-Gaussian Kubo Toyabe relaxation function. The observed short range order could be used to describe a new magnetic ground state, but a helical spin density wave with an incommensurate amplitude modulation cannot be ruled out. The sensitivity of μ SR to the local magnetic field distribution in the vicinity of the quantum critical point (QCP) in NbFe 2 is clearly demonstrated via comparison with already published work. This suggests detailed measurements of the muon relaxation as the QCP is approached will reveal further details of the field distribution and fluctuations in Nb 1 − y Fe 2 + y .

The inelastic neutron scattering experiment on superionic glass system AgI-AgPO3 have been performed in the energy and momentum transfer range from − 5 to 15 meV and 0 to 8 A− 1, respectively by using a time of flight MARI instrument at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS, UK. The E-dependence of the inelastic data show an excess intensity at low energy around 3 meV, the so-called Boson peak, which increased with the dopant salt. The Q-dependence of the elastic scattering reveals a prepeak at anomalously low Q value around 0.8 A− 1, which is not observed in the undoped AgPO3 glass. The Q-dependence in the energy region from 1 to 3 meV shows clearly an excess intensity at Q ~ 2.2 A − 1compared with the undoped AgPO3. All these features correlate with the increasing mobility of Ag+ ions due to the expansion of the network structure caused by salt doping, which leads to the increase of ionic conductivity. Similar results have also been observed in the corresponding superionic glass system AgI-Ag2S-AgPO3 that was observed by both MARI and NEAT instrument at HMI, Berlin. The results show a universal dynamic behavior in silver phosphate glasses.

We reviewed 100 consecutive patients who received Drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DAA) (Xigris®, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN) for the treatment of severe sepsis and compared the incidence of bleeding complications in surgical (n = 30) and nonsurgical cohorts (n = 70). Thirty patients who received DAA therapy for severe sepsis underwent one or more contemporaneous surgical procedures. These were compared with 70 DAA patients who did not undergo surgery. During the course of DAA administration, transfusion of greater than three units of blood, an intracranial hemorrhage, or other bleeding serious adverse event were qualified as bleeding complications. Overall, we identified seven patients who fulfilled the designated bleeding complication criteria, four in the surgical cohort, and three in the nonsurgical cohort. There was no significant difference in the rate of bleeding complications between surgical and nonsurgical cohorts (P = 0.1063). Moreover, there were no mortalities ascribed to bleeding and there were no intracranial hemorrhage events. All bleeding complications were due to a drop in hemoglobin or platelets only, and were treated with transfusion. Our experience demonstrates that there is an equivalent risk of bleeding for surgical patients treated with DAA compared with nonsurgical patients. Additionally, all bleeding complications were amenable to simple transfusion.

SUMMARY This study examined hatchery feeding of starter diets differing in amino acid density and moisture on live performance measurements up to 37 d and processing measurements at 38 d. Eggs from a Cobb × Cobb 500 slow-feathering cross broiler strain were set in a common incubator and hatched. Chicks were feather-sexed, placed in 36 chick trays (25 chicks of each sex), and weighed by tray. One of 4 dietary treatments was administered (454 g/tray) in crumble form: 1) no feed; 2) feed containing 1.24% digestible Lys, 0.84% digestible TSAA, 0.80% digestible Thr, 23.2% CP, and 3,080 kcal/kg of ME; 3) feed containing 1.45% digestible Lys, 0.94% digestible TSAA, 0.84% digestible Thr, 26.0% CP, and 3,080 kcal/kg of ME; and 4) treatment 3 plus 100 mL of potable water added to the crumbles 5 min before administration in the trays. Chicks received feed treatments in trays in the hatchery, during transportation to the research facility, and in the research facility until placement (5 h of total tray feeding). Body weight gain at d 7 was increased in birds fed the high density diet alone or in combination with water as compared with birds that were fasted. Subsequent live performance, processing, and small intestine weights, however, did not differ among treatments. Lack of 37-d improvements (average 4.6-lb birds) to early feed allocation may be a result of diet composition, duration of diet allocation, and the genetic strain of bird used, because much literature has pointed to the importance of posthatch nutrition of broilers.

The lead-halide perovskites, including ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}{\mathrm{PbBr}}_{3}$, are components in cost effective, highly efficient photovoltaics, where the interactions of the molecular cations with the inorganic framework are suggested to influence the electronic and ferroelectric properties. ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}{\mathrm{PbBr}}_{3}$ undergoes a series of structural transitions associated with orientational order of the ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$ (methylammonium) molecular cation and tilting of the ${\mathrm{PbBr}}_{3}$ host framework. We apply high-resolution neutron scattering to study the soft harmonic phonons associated with these transitions, and find a strong coupling between the ${\mathrm{PbBr}}_{3}$ framework and the quasistatic ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$ dynamics at low energy transfers. At higher energy transfers, we observe a ${\mathrm{PbBr}}_{6}$ octahedra soft mode driving a transition at 150 K from bound molecular excitations at low temperatures to relatively fast relaxational excitations that extend up to $\ensuremath{\sim}50\text{--}100$ meV. We suggest that these temporally overdamped dynamics enables possible indirect band gap processes in these materials that are related to the enhanced photovoltaic properties.

The magnetism in the ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe has been studied using a combination of magnetic Compton scattering, bulk magnetization, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and electronic structure calculations, in order to determine the spin and orbital moments. The experimentally observed total spin moment Ms was found to be −0.24±0.05μB at 5 T. By comparison with the total moment of 0.16±0.01μB, the orbital moment Ml was determined to be 0.40±0.05μB. The U and Co spin moments were determined to be antiparallel. We find that the U 5ƒ electrons carry a spin moment of Us≈−0.30μB and that there is a Co spin moment of Cos≈0.06μB induced via hybridization. The ratio Ul/Us, of −1.3±0.3, shows the U moment to be itinerant. In order to ensure an accurate description of the properties of 5ƒ systems, and to provide a critical test of the theoretical approaches, it is clearly necessary to obtain experimental data for both the spin and orbital moments, rather than just the total magnetic moment. This can be achieved simply by measuring the spin moment with magnetic Compton scattering and comparing this to the total moment from bulk magnetization.

We report a case of Good's syndrome managed with surgery and immunotherapy in a 58-year-old man who presented with a left arm skin infection and cough for 2 months. Imaging and laboratory studies revealed a large anterior mediastinal mass and panhypoimmunoglobulinemia, respectively. A biopsy was consistent with thymoma, and a diagnosis of Good's syndrome was established. Thymectomy was followed by intravenous immunoglobulin G and filgrastim with complete recovery through 9 months after discharge. Good's syndrome remains a rare entity often associated with poor prognosis. Adequate surgical resection remains key to outcomes, whereas immunotherapy aids in reducing postoperative complications and may improve survival.

The spin-polarized electron momentum distributions of the magnetic superconductor RuSr2GdCu2O8 in its various phases have been measured using the magnetic Compton scattering technique with elliptically polarized synchrotron radiation. A contribution to the spin moment from magnetically ordered Ru 4d electrons was seen with a large induced Gd 4f moment below 25 K. A small negatively polarized component is observed in the antiferromagnetic phase of the Gd sublattice, at 2 K. The momentum distribution of this was consistent with the existence of a Gd 5d electron moment anti-parallel with respect to the now ordered Gd 4f moment.

Although the detection of malingering is a legitimate concern of health professionals, it rarely features in training schedules and attracts little attention in journals of traumatic stress. But the item is raised here because of a specific request from the prosecution to examine the claim of traumatic amnesia raised by the defence against charges of murder and robbery. The request evoked examples from earlier professional practice in prisons and psychiatric units, and led to a search for reliable methods of assessment. The outcome, set within the usual time-constraints imposed by the Courts, resulted in the use of an ad hoc method for the analysis of Police-videotaped interviews. The justification for the method, and the proof of the conclusion lies in the fact that even the most adversarial of lawyers was obliged to accept the opinion and admit to the Court that his client had lied. The findings are presented here, buttressed with appropriate references to the work of leading expert witnesses and researchers, to suggest that malingering in clinical, criminal, and civil matters should receive more priority in textbooks of abnormal psychology and in the training of health professionals. Language: en

Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) has been used to determine the subsurface vacancy profile in Si after implantation with 50 keV nitrogen ions for a range of fluences from 5 × 10 11 to 1 × 10 14 cm -2 . The spatial extent of the defect distributions was estimated by employing composite-Gaussian defect profiles in the ROYPROF positron diffusion analysis program. The results are compared with both VEPFIT and TRIM (TRansport of Ions in Matter) calculations.

FORTRAN programming for the positron diffusion model (ROYPROF) has been extended to allow analysis of data that frequently arise in positron beam measurements. For example, the accommodation of variable defect distributions, variable electric field distributions, variable adsorption at interfaces, etc., is possible.

Defect distributions in thin GaN films on GaAs substrates have been assessed. Significant trapping at the interfaces has been observed. The analysis program ROYPROF has been employed to obtain a new parameter (Li) to characterise the interface. It is suggested that this parameter is widely adopted. Anomalous positronium production was indicated.

The mechanism of high ionic conductivity in superionic glass constitutes an unsolved problem in the field of science. Here we performed inelastic neutron scattering measurements of superionic glass system ( AgI ) x ( Ag 2 S ) x ( AgPO 3 ) 1 - 2 x by using MARI spectrometer at ISIS, and found that the Q -dependence of inelastic intensity in the energy region from 1 to 3 meV of superionic phase glass shows an excess intensity above Q = 1.8 A - 1 compared with insulator phase. Similar phenomena were also observed in another superionic glass ( AgI ) 0.5 ( AgPO 3 ) 0.5 by using NEAT spectrometer at HMI with high resolution measurement. These results clearly suggest peculiar low energy vibrational excitations should be universal features of superionic glass.

To establish the prevalence and significance of Doppler-detected hepatic arteriovenous shunting (AVS) in patients with compensated cirrhosis, 115 patients (mean age 55.4 +/- 12.47 SD y) were prospectively screened using real-time ultrasound with pulsed Doppler at 2.5 MHz to detect focal liver lesions and quantify AVS. Focal masses were biopsied and correlated with the US findings. All other patients had clinical follow-up and imaging for at least 12 months. AVS occurred in 28 of 115 (24.3%), and in 18 of 20 proven malignancies (90%) including 11 of 13 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (85%). However, 9 of 28 (32%) AVS (mean Doppler shift 2.73 +/- 1.51 [SD] kHz [range 0.6-5.41 kHz], n = 9) were in regions of fatty infiltration (4) or isolated (5), unassociated with malignancy. At a prevalence of 17.9% malignancy (11.3% due to hepatocellular carcinoma), specificity for malignancy increased with shunt velocity, from 76% (for mass alone), to 94.8% for mass with AVS, 96.8% for a mass with AVS of 1.75-2.4 kHz, and 100% for a mass with AVS2.4 kHz. Doppler US is useful in characterizing liver lesions in cirrhotic patients: the majority of malignant hepatic lesions are associated with AVS and specificity for malignancy increases with shunt velocity. However, isolated AVS or AVS associated with focal fat may be detected in 7.8% of compensated cirrhotics.

The structural, magnetic and thermal properties of Ce 2 Ge 2 In have been investigated between 0.36 and 300 K. The specific heat exhibits a peak and the AC susceptibility exhibits a weak anomaly at 2 K, whereas neutron diffraction does not show any signs of long-range magnetic ordering down to 0.36 K. Inelastic neutron scattering at 17 K shows two well-defined crystal field (CF) excitations at 11.6 and 20.1 meV, indicating a doublet CF ground state of the Ce 3+ ion in agreement with the entropy ∼R ln 2 at 10 K derived from the heat capacity data.

Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) on pure water and on aqueous solutions of homologous disaccharides, such as trehalose and sucrose, are presented. Neutron spectra were collected over a temperature range of 253 to 353 K by using the spectrometer MARI at the ISIS pulsed neutron source of the Rutheford Appleton Laboratory (Chilton, UK). The MARI spectrometer allowed us to get information on the hydrogen bond strength for the two homologous disaccharide/H 2 O mixtures by analysing their low frequency vibrational properties.

Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) on pure water and on aqueous solutions of homologous disaccharides, such as trehalose and sucrose, are presented. Neutron spectra were collected by using the spectrometer MARI at the ISIS pulsed neutron source of the Rutheford Appleton Laboratory (Chilton, UK). The MARI spectrometer allowed us to get information on the hydrogen bond structural network in homologous disaccharide–water solutions by analysing the structural modifications induced by the presence of trehalose and sucrose on the main spectral features of pure water. Special emphasis was addressed to the intramolecular OH stretching mode.

A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer has been interfaced with a surface balance and a new external reflection infrared sampling accessory, which permits the acquisition of spectra from protein monolayers in situ at the air/water interface. The accessory, a sample shuttle that permits the collection of spectra in alternating fashion from sample and background troughs, reduces interference from water vapor rotation-vibration bands in the amide I and amide II regions of protein spectra (1520–1690 cm-1) by nearly an order of magnitude. Residual interference from water vapor absorbance ranges from 50 to 200 microabsorbance units. The performance of the device is demonstrated through spectra of synthetic peptides designed to adopt alpha-helical, antiparallel beta-sheet, mixed beta-sheet/beta-turn, and unordered conformations at the air/water interface. The extent of exchange on the surface can be monitored from the relative intensities of the amide II and amide I modes. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange may lower the amide I frequency by as much as 11–12 cm-1 for helical secondary structures. This shifts the vibrational mode into a region normally associated with unordered structures and leads to uncertainties in the application of algorithms commonly used for determination of secondary structure from amide I contours of proteins in D2O solution.

We enrolled 61 neonates of 600 to 1250 gm birth weight with evidence of low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage at 6 to 11 hours of age in a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the hypothesis that indomethacin (0.1 mg/kg given intravenously at 6 to 12 postnatal hours and every 24 hours for two more doses) would prevent extension of intraventricular hemorrhage. Twenty-seven infants were assigned to receive indomethacin; 34 infants received saline placebo. There were no significant differences between the two groups in birth weight, gestational age, sex, Apgar scores, percentage of infants treated with surfactant, or distribution of hemorrhages at the time of the first cranial sonogram (echo-encephalogram). Within the first 5 days, 9 of 27 indomethacin-treated and 12 of 34 saline solution-treated infants had extension of their initial intraventricular hemorrhage (p = 1.00). Four indomethacin-treated and three saline solution-treated infants had parenchymal extension of the hemorrhage. Indomethacin was associated with closure of a patent ductus arteriosus by the fifth day of life (p = 0.003). There were no differences in adverse events attributed to indomethacin. We conclude that in very low birth weight infants with low grade intraventricular hemorrhage within the first 6 postnatal hours, prophylactic indomethacin therapy promotes closure of the patent ductus arteriosus and is not associated with adverse events, but does not affect the cascade of events leading to parenchymal involvement of intracranial hemorrhage.

A novel optimization method called chemically-amplified resist process optimization design (CARPOD) applicable to the chemically amplified resist (CAR) process development is described. The method finds the optimal process conditions and the design center (maximum process tolerance space) of a CAR process with minimum experimental runs. First a modified response surface method is used to form the numerical response surface of a CAR, and its most sensitive point, which is the minimum requirement of X-ray dose, is located as an optimal process condition by an optimization method called POSM under the constraint of the contrast of the photoresist. Second, the design center is found to maximize the process tolerance space around the optimal process condition. Third, verifications are made on the optimal design as well as the design center. The process optimization of AZ PF-514 has been used as an example to show that the CARPOD method can identify the optimal process condition as well as the maximum tolerable parameter space with minimum experimental runs. >

Intensive pine forest management practiced in the southern United States relies heavily on seed orchards to produce genetically improved seedlings to achieve high productivity. One of the most critical problems is the control of seed and cone insects requiring heavy and frequent applications of insecticides. Hydrologic modeling of insecticide fate in surface water and ground water is a useful technique for evaluating the environmental fate of the applied insecticides. The GLEAMS (groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems) model was used to evaluate the differences between fate of insecticides at four pine seed orchard sites in different physiographic regions of the southern United States. A 50-year simulation period was used. Insecticides selected for simulation were carbofuran, azinphosmethyl, fenvalerate, and permethrin. The simulations of insecticide losses in storm flow and percolate at each of the seed orchards demonstrated the importance of the time of application relative to precipitation occurrence, effective rooting depth, and soil-water conditions. Although the absolute insecticide losses may not be accurately simulated by GLEAMS, the model can predict the seasonal patterns of loss and relative loss among different insecticides likely to occur under actual seed orchard conditions.

Because earlier studies suggested that preterm infants with germinal matrix hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage or both (GMH/IVH) present within the first 12 postnatal hours are at greatest risk for the development of high-grade hemorrhage and neurodevelopmental disability, we examined the risk factors for this insult among 229 neonates of 600 to 1250 gm birth weight in a multicenter study. All had echoencephalography (ECHO) within the first 11 hours and serially for the next 20 days; risk factor data were collected prospectively. Forty-three infants had GMH/IVH within the first 5 to 11 hours (mean age at ECHO 7.7 hours): 18 GMH and 21 grade II, 1 grade III, and 3 grade IV IVH. One hundred eighty-six infants did not have GMH/IVH at a mean age of 7.9 hours. Both groups of infants were similar in birth weight, gestational age, maternal risk factors, cord pH values, and surfactant therapy before ECHO. The group with early IVH had more vertex presentations than the group without early IVH (79% vs 55%, p = 0.043), less maternal tocolytic use (42% vs 60%, p = 0.029), and more vaginal deliveries (67% vs 44%, p = 0.005). In the first 21 days, severe IVH developed in 12 infants with early IVH and in 6 infants without early IVH (p0.001). There were more neonatal deaths (16% vs 6%, p = 0.035) and more deaths at any time during the primary hospitalization (23% vs 9%, p = 0.010) among the early IVH group than among the group without early IVH. Multivariate analysis indicated that the mode of delivery, fetal presentation, and birth weight were important and independent prognostic indicators of IVH.

The intraobserver and interobserver variability in measuring the portal vein flow by the echo-Doppler technique was evaluated in a blind controlled study. A total of 22 cirrhotic patients and 14 normal volunteers were examined by two skilled operators using duplex Doppler within a period of 1-3 mo (6 cirrhotics and 7 normal volunteers by both observers). Area, mean velocity, and flow were measured (4 measurements: A, B on day 1; C, D on day 2). The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess both the statistical and clinical significance of intraobserver and interobserver agreement for the measurements of these three parameters. The level of intraobserver agreement for each parameter on normal subjects and cirrhotics was obtained from the two measurements on the same day and from the two measurements at the same time on consecutive days. Overall agreement between the four measurements was also calculated. Levels of interobserver agreement were obtained by calculating separately the intraclass correlation coefficient from each of the four pairs by measurements made on the same subject by the two observers over the same period of 2 days. The coefficient of variation was also used to compare the variability in these measurements. Overall, intraobserver agreement on normal subjects varied from good to excellent for observer 1, and from fair to good for observer 2. On cirrhotic patients, observer 1 was excellent at all times for all parameters. Observer 2 had lower intraclass correlation coefficient values, especially for velocity on consecutive days. For the best of the two observers on the portal flow, the coefficient of variation in cirrhotic patients ranged from 2%-30% with a mean +/- SEM of 12% +/- 4%. No acceptable interobserver agreement was found between the two observers in either of the two samples of subjects. These results support the use of this technique mainly for the determination of rapid and large changes in portal hemodynamics within a short period of time. The technique seems to have low precision in monitoring chronic changes in portal hemodynamics.

Superionic glasses (AgI)0.33(Ag2S)0.33(AgPO3)0.34 and (AgI)0.5(AgPO3)0.5 have high ionic conductivity at room temperature (σ ∼ 10−2 S/cm). The inelastic neutron scattering measurements show that the superionic glass has larger intensity in low‐energy region compared with undoped insulator glass (AgPO3). For superionic glasses we find an excess intensity above Q = 1.8 A−1 and peak profile at around 2.2 A−1 by investigating the Q‐dependent features in low‐energy region. These phenomena should be universal features of silver‐salt superionic glass. We suppose that Ag‐Ag dynamical correlation should promote the successive hopping process, and result in high ionic conductivity.

Forty L-band three dimensional radars will be deployed on the periphery of the United States for joint use by the United States Air Force and the Federal Aviation Administration. The unattended radar system is designed to scan a range of 250 nautical miles up to an altitude of 100000 feet with look-down capability from high sites. The radar must detect fast, small-radar cross-section aircraft in a realistic man-made and natural interference environment (including up to 65000 flocks of birds), while minimizing false alarms. The radar also must generate weather intensity contours. The detection of aircraft over surface clutter, control of alarms due to birds, and performance imposed by the antenna are discussed, and the ARSR-4 characteristics are given. >

The spin-polarized momentum densities of disordered single-crystal Pd 1 - x Co x have been studied using the magnetic Compton scattering technique, for the compositions x=0.6 and 0.28. Magnetic Compton profiles have been measured along the three principle crystallographic directions in each sample, and compared with theoretical profiles calculated using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent-potential approximation method. The calculated and measured spin-polarized momentum distributions, as revealed by their magnetic Compton profiles, are in excellent agreement. However the calculated spin moment for the composition with x=0.6 is some 10% smaller than that measured experimentally, and for x=0.28, the deviation becomes 15%. These differences are attributed to the effect of order in the samples, which becomes increasingly important in the Pd-rich side of the phase diagram. The orbital component to the magnetization has been determined as 0.08 and 0.18μ B for Pd 0 . 4 Co 0 . 6 and Pd 0 . 7 2 Co 0 . 2 8 , respectively.

The boron contribution to the total spin moment in the amorphous alloys Fe1-xBx (x=0.2,0.24) has been determined using magnetic Compton scattering. The magnitude of the induced boron moment was found to be ≈-0.04μB per formula unit which is a factor of ≈2 less than that suggested by supercell linearized muffin-tin orbital electronic structure calculations. © 2001 The American Physical Society.

Summary form only given, as follows. An electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) and a multidipole confined inductively coupled plasma (MCICP) etching tool were used to etch high aspect ratio (4:1) 0.25 /spl mu/m features in silicon dioxide films. The effect of source microwave power, wafer stage rf-bias power and etching time on the etching uniformity and the etch profile in CHF/sub 3/ plasmas were explored and compared. The uniformity was optimized at high microwave power. With the ECR, the higher aspect ratio etching was obtained when the wafer stage rf bias power was higher than 100 W. With ECR operation conditions at 1200 W of microwave power, 3 mTorr and 100 W rf-bias power, the average etch rate was 318 nm/min. Anisotropic etching profiles were optimized in the two tools to minimize critical dimension (CD) loss. Conditions to achieve this optimization for the two tools will be described.

Objective To determine if use of a wound-protection system in open appendectomy decreases the rate of wound infection. Design A randomized prospective trial. Setting A community hospital. Patients One hundred nine patients undergoing open appendectomy. Intervention Randomly assigned conventional retraction or retraction with the wound-protection system. Patients were blinded to the study arm in which they were enrolled. All patients were given standardized preoperative antibiotics. Demographics including age, sex, body mass index, history of diabetes, and tobacco use were recorded. The severity of appendicitis as determined by the attending surgeon at the time of operation was also noted. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of wound infection at 21 days postoperatively. Results Of the 48 patients enrolled in the traditional retraction arm, there were 7 (14.6%) documented wound infections. Of the 61 patients enrolled in the wound-protection device arm, there was 1 (1.6%) wound infection. The severity of appendicitis between the 2 groups was matched. The decrease in incidence of wound infection observed with the wound-protection system was significant ( P = .02). Conclusion Use of a wound-protection system reduces the incidence of surgical wound infection in open appendectomy. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00323453

Individuals have increasingly sought complementary therapies to enhance health and well-being during cancer, although little evidence of their effect is available. We investigated how an Iyengar yoga program affects the self-identified worst symptom in a group of participants. whether quality of life, spiritual well-being, and mood disturbance change over the Iyengar yoga program and at 6 weeks after the program. how, from a participant&rsquo, s perspective, the Iyengar yoga program complements conventional cancer treatment. This pre&ndash, post instrumental collective case study used a mixed methods design and was conducted at a private Iyengar yoga studio. The sample consisted of 24 volunteers (23 women, 1 man, 88% Caucasian, mean age: 49 years) who were currently on treatment or who had been treated for cancer within the previous 6 months, and who participated in ten 90-minute weekly Iyengar yoga classes. The main outcome measures were most-bothersome symptom (Measure Your Medical Outcome Profile 2 instrument), quality of life and spiritual well-being (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy&ndash, General subscale and Spiritual subscale), and mood disturbance (Profile of Mood States&ndash, Short Form). Participant perspectives were obtained in qualitative interviews. Statistically significant improvements were reported in most-bothersome symptom (t(23) = 5.242, p < 0.001), quality of life (F(2,46) = 14.5, p < 0.001), spiritual well-being (F(2,46) = 14.4, p < 0.001), and mood disturbance (F(2,46) = 10.8, p < 0.001) during the program. At follow-up, quality of life (t(21) = &minus, 3.7, p = 0.001) and mood disturbance (t(21) = 2.4, p = 0.025) significantly improved over time. Categorical aggregation of the interview data showed that participants felt the program provided them with various benefits not included on the outcomes questionnaires. Over the course of the Iyengar Yoga for Cancer program, participants reported an improvement in overall well-being. The program was also found to present participants with a holistic approach to care and to provide tools to effectively manage the demands of living with cancer and its treatment.

The spin-dependent momentum density of Gd7Pd3 was probed by the magnetic Compton scattering technique with elliptically polarized synchrotron radiation. A contribution to the spin moment from Pd 4d electrons was observed, at 2 and 280 K, alongside a large Gd 4f moment and a smaller Gd 5d moment. The total spin moment, at 2 K, was determined as 50.8 +/- 0.7 mu(B) (f.u.)(-1). The Gd 4f contribution to the spin moment was determined as 43.4 +/- 1.8 mu(B) (f.u.)(-1), the Gd 5d moment as 4.4 +/- 0.7 mu B (f.u.)(-1) and the Pd 4d spin moment contribution as 2.9 +/- 1.1 mu B (f.u.)(-1), where f.u. represents a formula unit. At 280 K the total spin moment was 27.3 +/- 0.9 mu(B) (f.u.)(-1) with individual contributions determined as a Gd 4f spin moment of 23.8 +/- 1.1 mu B (f.u.)(-1), a Gd 5d contribution of 2.2 +/- 0.5 mu B (f.u.)(-1) and a Pd 5d spin moment of 1.2 +/- 0.6 mu B (f.u.)(-1).

Objectives. Parenchymal involvement of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental handicap in very low birth weight neonates. Previous trials have suggested that indomethacin would lower the incidence and severity of IVH in very low birth weight neonates. Methods. We enrolled 431 neonates of 600- to 1250-g birth weight with no evidence for IVH at 6 to 11 hours of age in a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the hypothesis that low-dose indomethacin (0.1 mg/kg intravenously at 6 to 12 postnatal hours and every 24 hours for two more doses) would lower the incidence and severity of IVH. Serial cranial ultrasound examinations and echocardiographs were performed. Results. There were no differences in the birth weight, gestational age, sex, Apgar scores, and percent of neonates treated with surfactant between the indomethacin and placebo groups. Within the first 5 days, 25 (12%) indomethacin-treated and 40 (18%) placebo-treated neonates developed IVH (P = .03, trend test). Only one indomethacin-treated patient experienced grade 4 IVH compared with 10 placebo-treated neonates (P = .01). Sixteen indomethacin-treated neonates and 29 control neonates died (P = .08); there was a difference favoring indomethacin with respect to survival time (P = .06). Eighty-six percent of all neonates had a patent ductus arteriosus on the first postnatal day; indomethacin was associated with significant ductal closure by the fifth day of life (P < .001). There were no differences in adverse events attributed to indomethacin between the two treatment groups. Conclusions. Low-dose prophylactic indomethacin significantly lowers the incidence and severity of IVH, particularly the severe form (grade 4 IVH). In addition,indomethacin closes the patent ductus arteriosus and is not associated with significant adverse drug events in very low birth weight neonates.

Pine bark beetle insecticide treatment plots were established on the Ocala National Forest, in central Florida. Each plot consisted of five sand pine, Pinus clausa (Chapm. Ex. Engelm) Vassey ex. Sarg., trees treated with either 0.5% lindane (benzene hexachloride) or 2% chlorpyrifos (0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pgridyl) phosphorothioate). After 4 months, mean residue levels ranged from 0.32 to 35.8 mg/kg for lindane and < 0.1 to 76.1 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos was more persistent in wood than lindane. In a separate laboratory study, lindane or chlorpyrifos were applied to powdered wood and then burned under controlled conditions to determine carryover in combustion products. With slow heating to 500°C (20°C/min.), 42.7% of the lindane and 28.3% of the chlorpyrifos were recovered in the smoke stream. With rapid combustion at 600°C, all lindane and chlorpyrifos residues were thermally degraded. These findings were related to the risk of burning insecticide treated wood as firewood inside houses. Even under the worst case slow burning conditions, human exposure to airborne residues would be well under “safe-sided” threshold limit values and less than 0.2% of the acceptable daily intake established by the World Health Organization.