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1. First gadolinium loading to Super-Kamiokande

Author

K. Abe, C. Bronner, Y. Hayato, K. Hiraide, M. Ikeda, S. Imaizumi, J. Kameda, Y. Kanemura, Y. Kataoka, S. Miki, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, Y. Nagao, M. Nakahata, S. Nakayama, T. Okada, K. Okamoto, A. Orii, G. Pronost, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, Y. Sonoda, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takemoto, A. Takenaka, H. Tanaka, S. Watanabe, T. Yano, S. Han, T. Kajita, K. Okumura, T. Tashiro, J. Xia, G.D. Megias, D. Bravo-Berguño, L. Labarga, Ll. Marti, B. Zaldivar, B.W. Pointon, F.d.M. Blaszczyk, E. Kearns, J.L. Raaf, J.L. Stone, L. Wan, T. Wester, J. Bian, N.J. Griskevich, W.R. Kropp, S. Locke, S. Mine, M.B. Smy, H.W. Sobel, V. Takhistov, J. Hill, J.Y. Kim, I.T. Lim, R.G. Park, B. Bodur, K. Scholberg, C.W. Walter, L. Bernard, A. Coffani, O. Drapier, S. El Hedri, A. Giampaolo, M. Gonin, Th.A. Mueller, P. Paganini, B. Quilain, T. Ishizuka, T. Nakamura, J.S. Jang, J.G. Learned, L.H.V. Anthony, D. Martin, M. Scott, A.A. Sztuc, Y. Uchida, S. Cao, V. Berardi, M.G. Catanesi, E. Radicioni, N.F. Calabria, L.N. Machado, G. De Rosa, G. Collazuol, F. Iacob, M. Lamoureux, M. Mattiazzi, N. Ospina, L. Ludovici, Y. Maekawa, Y. Nishimura, M. Friend, T. Hasegawa, T. Ishida, T. Kobayashi, M. Jakkapu, T. Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, Y. Oyama, K. Sakashita, T. Sekiguchi, T. Tsukamoto, T. Boschi, J. Gao, F. Di Lodovico, J. Migenda, M. Taani, S. Zsoldos, Y. Kotsar, Y. Nakano, H. Ozaki, T. Shiozawa, A.T. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, S. Yamamoto, A. Ali, Y. Ashida, J. Feng, S. Hirota, T. Kikawa, M. Mori, T. Nakaya, R.A. Wendell, K. Yasutome, P. Fernandez, N. McCauley, P. Mehta, K.M. Tsui, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, H. Menjo, T. Niwa, K. Sato, M. Tsukada, J. Lagoda, S.M. Lakshmi, P. Mijakowski, J. Zalipska, J. Jiang, C.K. Jung, C. Vilela, M.J. Wilking, C. Yanagisawa, K. Hagiwara, M. Harada, T. Horai, H. Ishino, S. Ito, F. Kitagawa, Y. Koshio, W. Ma, N. Piplani, S. Sakai, G. Barr, D. Barrow, L. Cook, A. Goldsack, S. Samani, D. Wark, F. Nova, J.Y. Yang, S.J. Jenkins, M. Malek, J.M. McElwee, O. Stone, M.D. Thiesse, L.F. Thompson, H. Okazawa, S.B. Kim, J.W. Seo, I. Yu, A.K. Ichikawa, K. Nishijima, M. Koshiba, K. Iwamoto, Y. Nakajima, N. Ogawa, M. Yokoyama, K. Martens, M.R. Vagins, M. Kuze, S. Izumiyama, T. Yoshida, M. Inomoto, M. Ishitsuka, H. Ito, T. Kinoshita, R. Matsumoto, K. Ohta, M. Shinoki, T. Suganuma, J.F. Martin, H.A. Tanaka, T. Towstego, R. Akutsu, M. Hartz, A. Konaka, P. de Perio, N.W. Prouse, S. Chen, B.D. Xu, M. Posiadala-Zezula, D. Hadley, M. O’Flaherty, B. Richards, B. Jamieson, J. Walker, A. Minamino, G. Pintaudi, S. Sano, R. Sasaki, Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Ikeda, M., Imaizumi, S., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nagao, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Okada, T., Okamoto, K., Orii, A., Pronost, G., Sekiya, H., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Xia, J., Megias, G. D., Bravo-Berguno, D., Labarga, L., Marti, L., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Blaszczyk, F. D. M., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Stone, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Mine, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Hill, J., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. E., Giampaolo, A., Gonin, M., Mueller, T. A., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Cao, S., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Nascimento Machado, L., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ospina, N., Ludovici, L., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Boschi, T., Gao, J., Di Lodovico, F., Migenda, J., Taani, M., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Nakano, Y., Ozaki, H., Shiozawa, T., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Ali, A., Ashida, Y., Feng, J., Hirota, S., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Fernandez, P., Mccauley, N., Mehta, P., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Niwa, T., Sato, K., Tsukada, M., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mijakowski, P., Zalipska, J., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Vilela, C., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Hagiwara, K., Harada, M., Horai, T., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, F., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Piplani, N., Sakai, S., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Goldsack, A., Samani, S., Wark, D., Nova, F., Yang, J. Y., Jenkins, S. J., Malek, M., Mcelwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Iwamoto, K., Nakajima, Y., Ogawa, N., Yokoyama, M., Martens, K., Vagins, M. R., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Yoshida, T., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Matsumoto, R., Ohta, K., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Akutsu, R., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., de Perio, P., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Hadley, D., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Jamieson, B., Walker, J., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., and Sasaki, R.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gadolinium Neutrino Neutron Water Cherenkov detector, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Gadolinium, Neutron, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Water Cherenkov detector, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

In order to improve Super-Kamiokande's neutron detection efficiency and to thereby increase its sensitivity to the diffuse supernova neutrino background flux, 13 tons of $\rm Gd_2(\rm SO_4)_3\cdot \rm 8H_2O$ (gadolinium sulfate octahydrate) was dissolved into the detector's otherwise ultrapure water from July 14 to August 17, 2020, marking the start of the SK-Gd phase of operations. During the loading, water was continuously recirculated at a rate of 60 m$^3$/h, extracting water from the top of the detector and mixing it with concentrated $\rm Gd_2(\rm SO_4)_3\cdot \rm 8H_2O$ solution to create a 0.02% solution of the Gd compound before injecting it into the bottom of the detector. A clear boundary between the Gd-loaded and pure water was maintained through the loading, enabling monitoring of the loading itself and the spatial uniformity of the Gd concentration over the 35 days it took to reach the top of the detector. During the subsequent commissioning the recirculation rate was increased to 120 m$^3$/h, resulting in a constant and uniform distribution of Gd throughout the detector and water transparency equivalent to that of previous pure-water operation periods. Using an Am-Be neutron calibration source the mean neutron capture time was measured to be $115\pm1$ $\mu$s, which corresponds to a Gd concentration of $111\pm2$ ppm, as expected for this level of Gd loading. This paper describes changes made to the water circulation system for this detector upgrade, the Gd loading procedure, detector commissioning, and the first neutron calibration measurements in SK-Gd., Comment: 37 pages, 19 Figures, Accepted for publication in Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A

Published
2022

2. Neutron tagging following atmospheric neutrino events in a water Cherenkov detector

Author

K. Abe, Y. Haga, Y. Hayato, K. Hiraide, K. Ieki, M. Ikeda, S. Imaizumi, K. Iyogi, J. Kameda, Y. Kanemura, Y. Kataoka, Y. Kato, Y. Kishimoto, S. Miki, S. Mine, M. Miura, T. Mochizuki, S. Moriyama, Y. Nagao, M. Nakahata, T. Nakajima, Y. Nakano, S. Nakayama, T. Okada, K. Okamoto, A. Orii, K. Sato, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, Y. Sonoda, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takemoto, A. Takenaka, H. Tanaka, S. Tasaka, T. Tomura, K. Ueno, S. Watanabe, T. Yano, T. Yokozawa, S. Han, T. Irvine, T. Kajita, I. Kametani, K. Kaneyuki, K.P. Lee, T. McLachlan, K. Okumura, E. Richard, T. Tashiro, R. Wang, J. Xia, G.D. Megias, D. Bravo-Berguño, L. Labarga, B. Zaldivar, M. Goldhaber, F.d.M. Blaszczyk, J. Gustafson, C. Kachulis, E. Kearns, J.L. Raaf, J.L. Stone, L.R. Sulak, S. Sussman, L. Wan, T. Wester, B.W. Pointon, J. Bian, G. Carminati, M. Elnimr, N.J. Griskevich, W.R. Kropp, S. Locke, A. Renshaw, M.B. Smy, H.W. Sobel, V. Takhistov, P. Weatherly, K.S. Ganezer, B.L. Hartfiel, J. Hill, W.E. Keig, N. Hong, J.Y. Kim, I.T. Lim, R.G. Park, T. Akiri, B. Bodur, A. Himmel, Z. Li, E. O'Sullivan, K. Scholberg, C.W. Walter, T. Wongjirad, L. Bernard, A. Coffani, O. Drapier, S. El Hedri, A. Giampaolo, J. Imber, Th.A. Mueller, P. Paganini, B. Quilain, T. Ishizuka, T. Nakamura, J.S. Jang, K. Choi, J.G. Learned, S. Matsuno, S.N. Smith, J. Amey, L.H.V. Anthony, R.P. Litchfield, W.Y. Ma, D. Marin, A.A. Sztuc, Y. Uchida, M.O. Wascko, V. Berardi, M.G. Catanesi, R.A. Intonti, E. Radicioni, N.F. Calabria, G. De Rosa, L.N. Machado, G. Collazuol, F. Iacob, M. Lamoureux, N. Ospina, L. Ludovici, M. Gonin, G. Pronost, Y. Maekawa, Y. Nishimura, S. Cao, M. Friend, T. Hasegawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, M. Jakkapu, T. Kobayashi, T. Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, Y. Oyama, K. Sakashita, T. Sekiguchi, T. Tsukamoto, T. Boschi, F. Di Lodovico, J. Migenda, S. Molina Sedgwick, M. Taani, S. Zsoldos, K.E. Abe, M. Hasegawa, Y. Isobe, Y. Kotsar, H. Miyabe, H. Ozaki, T. Shiozawa, T. Sugimoto, A.T. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, S. Yamamoto, A. Ali, Y. Ashida, C. Bronner, J. Feng, T. Hayashino, T. Hiraki, S. Hirota, K. Huang, M. Jiang, T. Kikawa, M. Mori, A. Murakami, KE. Nakamura, T. Nakaya, N.D. Patel, K. Suzuki, S. Takahashi, K. Tateishi, R.A. Wendell, K. Yasutome, P. Fernandez, N. McCauley, P. Mehta, A. Pritchard, K.M. Tsui, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, H. Menjo, G. Mitsuka, M. Murase, F. Muto, T. Niwa, T. Suzuki, M. Tsukada, K. Frankiewicz, P. Mijakowski, J. Hignight, J. Jiang, C.K. Jung, X. Li, J.L. Palomino, G. Santucci, C. Vilela, M.J. Wilking, C. Yanagisawa, D. Fukuda, K. Hagiwara, M. Harada, T. Horai, H. Ishino, S. Ito, T. Kayano, A. Kibayashi, H. Kitagawa, Y. Koshio, W. Ma, T. Mori, H. Nagata, N. Piplani, S. Sakai, M. Sakuda, Y. Takahira, C. Xu, R. Yamaguchi, Y. Kuno, G. Barr, D. Barrow, L. Cook, A. Goldsack, S. Samani, C. Simpson, D. Wark, F. Nova, R. Tacik, J.Y. Yang, A. Cole, S.J. Jenkins, M. Malek, J.M. McElwee, O. Stone, M.D. Thiesse, L.F. Thompson, H. Okazawa, Y. Choi, S.B. Kim, I. Yu, A.K. Ichikawa, K. Ito, K. Nishijima, R.G. Calland, P. de Perio, K. Martens, M. Murdoch, M.R. Vagins, M. Koshiba, Y. Totsuka, K. Iwamoto, Y. Nakajima, N. Ogawa, Y. Suda, M. Yokoyama, D. Hamabe, S. Izumiyama, M. Kuze, Y. Okajima, M. Tanaka, T. Yoshida, M. Inomoto, M. Ishitsuka, H. Ito, R. Matsumoto, K. Ohta, M. Shinoki, J.F. Martin, C.M. Nantais, H.A. Tanaka, T. Towstego, R. Akutsu, M. Hartz, A. Konaka, N.W. Prouse, S. Chen, B.D. Xu, Y. Zhang, S. Berkman, S. Tobayama, K. Connolly, R.J. Wilkes, M. Posiadala-Zezula, D. Hadley, B. Richards, B. Jamieson, J. Walker, Ll. Marti, A. Minamino, G. Pintaudi, S. Sano, R. Sasaki, Abe, K., Haga, Y., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Imaizumi, S., Iyogi, K., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kataoka, Y., Kato, Y., Kishimoto, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Mochizuki, T., Moriyama, S., Nagao, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, T., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, S., Okada, T., Okamoto, K., Orii, A., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Tasaka, S., Tomura, T., Ueno, K., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Yokozawa, T., Han, S., Irvine, T., Kajita, T., Kametani, I., Kaneyuki, K., Lee, K. P., Mclachlan, T., Okumura, K., Richard, E., Tashiro, T., Wang, R., Xia, J., Megias, G. D., Bravo-Bergu??o, D., Labarga, L., Zaldivar, B., Goldhaber, M., Blaszczyk, F. d. M., Gustafson, J., Kachulis, C., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Sussman, S., Wan, L., Wester, T., Pointon, B. W., Bian, J., Carminati, G., Elnimr, M., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Renshaw, A., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Weatherly, P., Ganezer, K. S., Hartfiel, B. L., Hill, J., Keig, W. E., Hong, N., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Park, R. G., Akiri, T., Bodur, B., Himmel, A., Li, Z., O'Sullivan, E., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Wongjirad, T., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., El Hedri, S., Giampaolo, A., Imber, J., Mueller, Th. A., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Choi, K., Learned, J. G., Matsuno, S., Smith, S. N., Amey, J., Anthony, L. H. V., Litchfield, R. P., Ma, W. Y., Marin, D., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Wascko, M. O., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Intonti, R. A., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., De Rosa, G., Nascimento Machado, L., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Ospina, N., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Cao, S., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Ishii, T., Jakkapu, M., Kobayashi, T., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Boschi, T., Di Lodovico, F., Migenda, J., Molina Sedgwick, S., Taani, M., Zsoldos, S., Abe, K. E., Hasegawa, M., Isobe, Y., Kotsar, Y., Miyabe, H., Ozaki, H., Shiozawa, T., Sugimoto, T., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Ali, A., Ashida, Y., Bronner, C., Feng, J., Hayashino, T., Hiraki, T., Hirota, S., Huang, K., Jiang, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Murakami, A., Nakamura, Ke., Nakaya, T., Patel, N. D., Suzuki, K., Takahashi, S., Tateishi, K., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Fernandez, P., Mccauley, N., Mehta, P., Pritchard, A., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Mitsuka, G., Murase, M., Muto, F., Niwa, T., Suzuki, T., Tsukada, M., Frankiewicz, K., Mijakowski, P., Hignight, J., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Li, X., Palomino, J. L., Santucci, G., Vilela, C., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Fukuda, D., Hagiwara, K., Harada, M., Horai, T., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kayano, T., Kibayashi, A., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Mori, T., Nagata, H., Piplani, N., Sakai, S., Sakuda, M., Takahira, Y., Xu, C., Yamaguchi, R., Kuno, Y., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Goldsack, A., Samani, S., Simpson, C., Wark, D., Nova, F., Tacik, R., Yang, J. Y., Cole, A., Jenkins, S. J., Malek, M., Mcelwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Choi, Y., Kim, S. B., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Ito, K., Nishijima, K., Calland, R. G., de Perio, P., Martens, K., Murdoch, M., Vagins, M. R., Koshiba, M., Totsuka, Y., Iwamoto, K., Nakajima, Y., Ogawa, N., Suda, Y., Yokoyama, M., Hamabe, D., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Okajima, Y., Tanaka, M., Yoshida, T., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Matsumoto, R., Ohta, K., Shinoki, M., Martin, J. F., Nantais, C. M., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Akutsu, R., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, Y., Berkman, S., Tobayama, S., Connolly, K., Wilkes, R. J., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Hadley, D., Richards, B., Jamieson, B., Walker, J., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., and Sasaki, R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, hep-ex, Cherenkov detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Subatomär fysik, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle identification methods, Neutrino detectors, Subatomic Physics, Cherenkov detectors Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics Neutrino detectors Particle identification methods, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, Mathematical Physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We present the development of neutron-tagging techniques in Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis. The detection efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%, with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration agrees with this value within 10%. The tagging procedure was performed on 3,244.4 days of SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data, identifying 18,091 neutrons in 26,473 neutrino events. The fitted neutron capture lifetime was measured as 218±9 μs. We present the development of neutron-tagging techniques in Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis. The detection efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%, with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration agrees with this value within 10%. The tagging procedure was performed on 3,244.4 days of SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data, identifying 18,091 neutrons in 26,473 neutrino events. The fitted neutron capture lifetime was measured as 218 \pm 9 \mu s.

Published
2022

3. Detection of accelerator-produced neutrinos at a distance of 250 km

Author

S.H Ahn, S An, S Aoki, H.G Berns, H.C Bhang, S Boyd, D Casper, T Chikamatsu, J.H Choi, S Echigo, M Etoh, K Fujii, S Fukuda, Y Fukuda, W Gajewski, U Golebiewska, T Hara, T Hasegawa, Y Hayato, J Hill, S.J Hong, M Ieiri, T Inada, T Inagaki, T Ishida, H Ishii, T Ishii, H Ishino, M Ishitsuka, Y Itow, T Iwashita, H.I Jang, J.S Jang, E.J Jeon, E.M Jeong, C.K Jung, T Kadowaki, T Kajita, J Kameda, K Kaneyuki, I Kato, Y Kato, E Kearns, S Kenmochi, B.H Khang, A Kibayashi, D Kielczewska, B.J Kim, C.O Kim, H.I Kim, J.H Kim, J.Y Kim, S.B Kim, S Kishi, M Kitamura, K Kobayashi, T Kobayashi, Y Kobayashi, M Kohama, D.G Koo, Y Koshio, W Kropp, G Kume, E Kusano, J.G Learned, H.K Lee, J.W Lee, S.B Lee, I.T Lim, S.H Lim, H Maesaka, K Martens, T Maruyama, S Matsuno, C Mauger, C McGrew, M Minakawa, S Mine, M Miura, S Miyamoto, K Miyano, S Moriyama, S Mukai, M Nakahata, K Nakamura, M Nakamura, I Nakano, T Nakaya, S Nakayama, K Nakayoshi, K Nishijima, K Nishikawa, S Nishiyama, S Noda, H Noumi, Y Obayashi, J.K Oh, A Okada, M Onchi, T Otaki, Y Oyama, M.Y Pac, H Park, S.H Park, S.K Park, A Sakai, M Sakuda, N Sakurai, N Sasao, K Sato, K Scholberg, E Seo, E Sharkey, K Shiino, A Shima, M Shiozawa, H So, H Sobel, A Stachyra, J.L Stone, L.R Sulak, A Suzuki, Y Suzuki, M Takasaki, M Takatsuki, K Takenaka, H Takeuchi, Y Takeuchi, N Tamura, K.H Tanaka, Y Tanaka, K Tashiro, K Tauchi, T Toshito, Y Totsuka, V Tumakov, T Umeda, M Vagins, C.W Walter, R.J Wilkes, S Yamada, T Yamaguchi, Y Yamanoi, C Yanagisawa, H Yokoyama, J Yoo, M Yoshida, and S.Y You

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, Extrapolation, FOS: Physical sciences, Coincidence, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Pion, K2K experiment, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear Experiment, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The KEK to Kamioka long-baseline neutrino experiment (K2K) has begun its investigation of neutrino oscillations suggested by atmospheric neutrino observations. Twenty-eight neutrino events have been detected in coincidence with the expected arrival time of the beam in the 22.5 kt fiducial volume of Super--Kamiokande, the far detector at 250 km distance. The expectation is 37.8+3.5-3.8, derived using measurements of neutrino interactions in a near detector and extrapolation using a beam simulation validated by a measurement of pion kinematics after production and focusing. The background is of order 10^-3 events., Comment: 6 pages, 3 embedded figures, LaTeX with RevTeX style, submitted to PRL. This version is As Submitted

Published
2001
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4. Monitoring spinal cord motor and somatosensory evoked potentials in anesthetized primates

Author

J.L. Stone, Ramsis F. Ghaly, James J. Lee, Jong H. Ham, and Walter J. Levy

Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment, Sensory system, Anesthesia, General, Somatosensory system, Laminotomy, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, medicine, Animals, Evoked potential, business.industry, General Medicine, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Spinal cord, Respiration, Artificial, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Neurology, Somatosensory evoked potential, Methohexital, Anesthesia, Macaca, Neurology (clinical), Tibial Nerve, business, Electromagnetic Phenomena, medicine.drug
Abstract

Monitoring Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) to Transcranial Stimulation (TMS) monitoring (MEP) is a growing technique to assess motor function under anesthesia. The following primate study was conducted to analyze the non-myogenic spinal motor and sensory volleys and to examine their reproducibility under nitrous oxide-methohexidone anesthesia. The traveling periodic spinal descending MEP to TMS and ascending somatosensory (SEP) to posterior tibial nerve stimulation across the thoracic cord were recorded in 12 cynomolgus monkeys. Through a small T11-T12 laminotomy, an insulated stainless steel electrode was inserted into the epidural thoracic space. The potentials were analyzed under 50 vol% NO in O2 with methohexital (0.1-0.2 mg kg-1 min-1). A well-defined periodic TMS-MEPs and PTN-SEPs were recorded with high reproducibility and consistency in repeated trials under N2O-methohexital anesthesia. MEP tracing consisted of an initial peak (direct (D) wave), occurring at 2.43 (+/- 0.28) msec followed by subsequent five positive (indirect (I) waves). Spinal SEPs-MEPs were clearly defined, morphologically stable, and consistent over time under N2O-methohexitone anesthesia. The present primate study may set a model to monitor both modalities in anesthetized neurosurgical patients.

Published
1999
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5. The measurement of upward going muons using the MACRO detector

Author

D. Martello, D. Campana, A. M. Baldini, P. Lipari, P. Pistilli, Kate Scholberg, Kael Hanson, Shahid Manzoor, C.W. Peck, P. Monacelli, L. De Benedictis, D.G. Michael, J. Musser, M. Ambrosio, O. Erriquez, S. L. Mufson, M. Sitta, L.R. Sulak, G. Giannini, G. Battistoni, M. Carboni, G. Giacomelli, O. Palamara, F. Cafagna, E. Iarocci, C. Gustavino, Marco Grassi, M. Calicchio, R. Pazzi, L. Gray, A. Sciubba, G. Tarle, L. Satta, S P Mikheyev, G.C. Barbarino, E. Lamanna, G. Osteria, S. Kyriazopoulou, S. Coutu, C. Orth, A. Marini, A. Sanzgiri, S. Cecchini, U. Rubizzo, Maurizio Spurio, C. Mazzotta, P. Bernardini, M. Castellano, J. Reynoldson, A. Di Credico, C. Aramo, N.P. Longley, F. Guarino, P. Spinelli, Teresa Montaruli, A. Marzari-Chiesa, F. Ronga, N. Giglietto, A. Hawthorne, G. Auriemma, G. Cunti, M. J. Longo, A. Habig, R.M. Heinz, Donato Nicolo, V. Bisi, C. W. Walter, E. Kearns, H. Bilokon, H. Dekhissi, V. Pugliese, V. Chiarella, P. Serra-Lugaresi, C. Favuzzi, M. Spinetti, M. Monteno, M.N. Mazziotta, L. Miller, D. Levin, C. Okada, R. Steinberg, Vincenzo Patera, E. Katsavounidis, A. Rainó, S. Petrera, S. Bussino, R. C. Webb, C. Bemporad, R. Nolty, G. Mandrioli, M. Severi, G. Mancarella, B.C. Barish, A. A. Grillo, C. Lane, C. Forti, V. Togo, G. De Cataldo, Eugenio Scapparone, M. De Vincenzi, V. Popa, P. Fusco, J.L. Stone, Maximiliano Sioli, C. R. Bower, C. Satriano, A. Surdo, A. Margiotta Neri, P. Guarnaccia, C. Bloise, C. De Marzo, R. Antolini, F. Maaroufi, L. Patrizii, I De Mitri, Fabrizio Cei, and R. Bellotti

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Solar neutrino problem, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Zenith
Abstract

The upward-going muon flux (Eμ > 1 GeV) has been measured with the underground detector MACRO at LNGS. The total number of measured events is compatible at the 8% c.l. with the expected one. Moreover, the zenith angular distribution of the measured flux does not match the expectation showing a deficit in the vertical direction where the apparatus performance is best known. Assuming an oscillation hypothesis with parameters in the range recently suggested to solve the atmospheric neutrino problem, the agreement increases, but not significantly. The results of an indirect dark matter search for a signal of WIMPs from the core of the Sun and of the Earth are given. Neutrino astronomy with MACRO is giving interesting results regarding possible high energy neutrino emission from pointlike sources and coincidences of neutrino events with γ-ray bursts.

Published
1999
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6. PV electrification in India and China: the NREL's experience in international cooperation

Author

Y. S. Tsuo, Li Baoshan, H. S. Ullal, J.L. Stone, W. L. Wallace, and E. V. R. Sastry

Subjects
Electrification, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Photovoltaics, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, Electricity, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Environmental economics, Condensed Matter Physics, China, business, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

demonstrate the viability of photovoltaics in meeting the needs of the rural masses for cost-eAective and reliable electricity. This paper contains details of the major projects in the two countries, along with descriptions of the implemented photovoltaic systems and lessons learned to date. The successful outcome of these projects will allow duplication of the experiences in other developing areas of the world. #1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
1998
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7. Measurement of a small atmospheric ν/ν ratio

Author

Y. Fukuda, T. Hayakawa, E. Ichihara, K. Inoue, K. Ishihara, H. Ishino, Y. Itow, T. Kajita, J. Kameda, S. Kasuga, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Koshio, K. Martens, M. Miura, M. Nakahata, S. Nakayama, A. Okada, M. Oketa, K. Okumura, M. Ota, N. Sakurai, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Totsuka, S. Yamada, M. Earl, A. Habig, J.T. Hong, E. Kearns, S.B. Kim, M. Masuzawa, M.D. Messier, K. Scholberg, J.L. Stone, L.R. Sulak, C.W. Walter, M. Goldhaber, T. Barszczak, W. Gajewski, P.G. Halverson, J. Hsu, W.R. Kropp, L.R. Price, F. Reines, H.W. Sobel, M.R. Vagins, K.S. Ganezer, W.E. Keig, R.W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, J.W. Flanagan, A. Kibayashi, J.G. Learned, S. Matsuno, V. Stenger, D. Takemori, T. Ishii, J. Kanzaki, T. Kobayashi, K. Nakamura, K. Nishikawa, Y. Oyama, A. Sakai, M. Sakuda, O. Sasaki, S. Echigo, M. Kohama, A.T. Suzuki, T.J. Haines, E. Blaufuss, R. Sanford, R. Svoboda, M.L. Chen, Z. Conner, J.A. Goodman, G.W. Sullivan, M. Mori, F. Goebel, J. Hill, C.K. Jung, C. Mauger, C. McGrew, E. Sharkey, B. Viren, C. Yanagisawa, W. Doki, T. Ishizuka, Y. Kitaguchi, H. Koga, K. Miyano, H. Okazawa, C. Saji, M. Takahata, A. Kusano, Y. Nagashima, M. Takita, T. Yamaguchi, M. Yoshida, M. Etoh, K. Fujita, A. Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa, S. Hatakeyama, T. Iwamoto, T. Kinebuchi, M. Koga, T. Maruyama, H. Ogawa, M. Saito, A. Suzuki, F. Tsushima, M. Koshiba, M. Nemoto, K. Nishijima, T. Futagami, Y. Hayato, Y. Kanaya, K. Kaneyuki, Y. Watanabe, D. Kielczewska, R. Doyle, J. George, A. Stachyra, L. Wai, J. Wilkes, and K. Young

Subjects
Momentum, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Theoretical models, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Atmospheric neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, Visible energy
Abstract

From an exposure of 25.5~kiloton-years of the Super-Kamiokande detector, 900 muon-like and 983 electron-like single-ring atmospheric neutrino interactions were detected with momentum $p_e > 100$ MeV/$c$, $p_\mu > 200$ MeV/$c$, and with visible energy less than 1.33 GeV. Using a detailed Monte Carlo simulation, the ratio $(\mu/e)_{DATA}/(\mu/e)_{MC}$ was measured to be $0.61 \pm 0.03(stat.) \pm 0.05(sys.)$, consistent with previous results from the Kamiokande, IMB and Soudan-2 experiments, and smaller than expected from theoretical models of atmospheric neutrino production.

Published
1998
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8. TDRS-1 single event upsets and the effect of the space environment

Author

D.C. Wilkinson, H.H. Sauer, P. Darling, J.L. Stone, and S.C. Daughtridge

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Neutron monitor, Solar flare, Solar energetic particles, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Space Shuttle, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Single event upset, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Aerospace engineering, business, Event (particle physics), Space environment
Abstract

The systematic recording of single event upsets on TDRS-1 from 1984 to 1990 allows correlations to be drawn between those upsets and the space environment. Ground based neutron monitor data are used to illustrate the long-term relationship between galactic cosmic rays and TDRS-1 upsets. The short-term effects of energetic solar particles are illustrated with space environment data from GOES-7. >

Published
1991
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9. Search for cosmic ray sources using muons detected by the MACRO experiment

Author

M. Ambrosio, R. Antolini, G. Auriemma, D. Bakari, A. Baldini, G.C. Barbarino, B.C. Barish, G. Battistoni, Y. Becherini, R. Bellotti, C. Bemporad, P. Bernardini, H. Bilokon, C. Bloise, C. Bower, M. Brigida, S. Bussino, F. Cafagna, M. Calicchio, D. Campana, M. Carboni, R. Caruso, S. Cecchini, F. Cei, V. Chiarella, B.C. Choudhary, S. Coutu, M. Cozzi, G. De Cataldo, H. Dekhissi, C. De Marzo, I. De Mitri, J. Derkaoui, M. De Vincenzi, A. Di Credico, O. Erriquez, C. Favuzzi, C. Forti, P. Fusco, G. Giacomelli, G. Giannini, N. Giglietto, M. Giorgini, M. Grassi, A. Grillo, F. Guarino, C. Gustavino, A. Habig, K. Hanson, R. Heinz, E. Iarocci, E. Katsavounidis, I. Katsavounidis, E. Kearns, H. Kim, S. Kyriazopoulou, E. Lamanna, C. Lane, D.S. Levin, P. Lipari, N.P. Longley, M.J. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Maaroufi, G. Mancarella, G. Mandrioli, A. Margiotta, A. Marini, D. Martello, A. Marzari-Chiesa, M.N. Mazziotta, D.G. Michael, P. Monacelli, T. Montaruli, M. Monteno, S. Mufson, J. Musser, D. Nicolò, R. Nolty, C. Orth, G. Osteria, O. Palamara, V. Patera, L. Patrizii, R. Pazzi, C.W. Peck, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, P. Pistilli, V. Popa, A. Rainò, J. Reynoldson, F. Ronga, A. Rrhioua, C. Satriano, E. Scapparone, K. Scholberg, A. Sciubba, P. Serra, M. Sioli, G. Sirri, M. Sitta, P. Spinelli, M. Spinetti, M. Spurio, R. Steinberg, J.L. Stone, L.R. Sulak, A. Surdo, G. Tarlè, V. Togo, M. Vakili, C.W. Walter, R. Webb, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Bakari, D, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Y, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Choudhary, Bc, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Loparco, F, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rrhioua, A, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra, P, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Vakili, M, Walter, Cw, Webb, R., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Auriemma G., Bakari D., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Becherini Y., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bloise C., Bower C., Brigida M., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Caruso R., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Choudhary B.C., Coutu S., Cozzi M., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., Derkaoui J., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giorgini M., Grassi M., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Katsavounidis I., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Longley N.P., Longo M.J., Loparco F., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M.N., Michael D.G., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pistilli P., Popa V., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Rrhioua A., Satriano C., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Serra P., Sioli M., Sirri G., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Vakili M., Walter C.W., Webb R., M., Ambrosio, Bernardini, Paolo, Martello, Daniele, DE MITRI, Ivan, Perrone, Lorenzo, Mancarella, Giovanni, Macro, Collaboration, Barbarino, Giancarlo, and Guarino, Fausto

Subjects
Particle physics, Underground muon, macro, underground muons, x-binary sources, γ-ray sources, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, X-binary source, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Macro, gamma-ray sources, Physics, Muon, Cosmic ray muons, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MACRO, X-binary sources, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The MACRO underground detector at Gran Sasso Laboratory recorded 60 million secondary cosmic ray muons from February 1989 until December 2000. Different techniques were used to analyze this sample in search for density excesses from astrophysical point-like sources. No evidence for DC excesses for any source in an all-sky survey is reported. In addition, searches for muon excess correlated with the known binary periods of Cygnus X-3 and Hercules X-1, and searches for statistically significant bursting episodes from known gamma ray sources are also proved negative., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures

Published
2003

10. Measurement of the residual energy of muons in the Gran Sasso underground laboratories

Author

M. Ambrosio, R. Antolini, A. Baldini, G.C. Barbarino, B.C. Barish, G. Battistoni, Y. Becherini, R. Bellotti, C. Bemporad, P. Bernardini, H. Bilokon, C. Bower, M. Brigida, S. Bussino, F. Cafagna, M. Calicchio, D. Campana, M. Carboni, R. Caruso, S. Cecchini, F. Cei, V. Chiarella, B.C. Choudhary, S. Coutu, M. Cozzi, G. De Cataldo, H. Dekhissi, C. De Marzo, I. De Mitri, J. Derkaoui, M. De Vincenzi, A. Di Credico, O. Erriquez, C. Favuzzi, C. Forti, P. Fusco, G. Giacomelli, G. Giannini, N. Giglietto, M. Giorgini, M. Grassi, A. Grillo, F. Guarino, C. Gustavino, A. Habig, K. Hanson, R. Heinz, E. Iarocci, E. Katsavounidis, I. Katsavounidis, E. Kearns, H. Kim, S. Kyriazopoulou, E. Lamanna, C. Lane, D.S. Levin, P. Lipari, N.P. Longley, M.J. Longo, F. Loparco, G. Mancarella, G. Mandrioli, A. Margiotta, A. Marini, D. Martello, A. Marzari-Chiesa, M.N. Mazziotta, D.G. Michael, P. Monacelli, T. Montaruli, M. Monteno, S. Mufson, J. Musser, D. Nicolò, R. Nolty, C. Orth, G. Osteria, O. Palamara, V. Patera, L. Patrizii, R. Pazzi, C.W. Peck, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, P. Pistilli, V. Popa, A. Rainò, J. Reynoldson, F. Ronga, C. Satriano, E. Scapparone, K. Scholberg, A. Sciubba, P. Serra, M. Sioli, G. Sirri, M. Sitta, P. Spinelli, M. Spinetti, M. Spurio, R. Steinberg, J.L. Stone, L.R. Sulak, A. Surdo, G. Tarlè, M. Vakili, C.W. Walter, R. Webb, Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Becherini Y., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bower C., Brigida M., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Caruso R., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Choudhary B.C., Coutu S., Cozzi M., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., Derkaoui J., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giorgini M., Grassi M., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Katsavounidis I., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Longley N.P., Longo M.J., Loparco F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M.N., Michael D.G., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pistilli P., Popa V., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Satriano C., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Serra P., Sioli M., Sirri G., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Vakili M., Walter C.W., Webb R., Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Y, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Choudhary, Bc, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, H, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Loparco, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Satraino, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra, P, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Vakili, M, Walter, Cw, Webb, R., Bernardini, Paolo, Martello, Daniele, DE MITRI, Ivan, Perrone, Lorenzo, Mancarella, Giovanni, and Macro, Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MACRO, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Gran Sasso, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Transition radiation detector, Overburden, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Residual energy
Abstract

The MACRO detector was located in the Hall B of the Gran Sasso underground Laboratories under an average rock overburden of 3700 hg/cm^2. A transition radiation detector composed of three identical modules, covering a total horizontal area of 36 m^2, was installed inside the empty upper part of the detector in order to measure the residual energy of muons. This paper presents the measurement of the residual energy of single and double muons crossing the apparatus. Our data show that double muons are more energetic than single ones. This measurement is performed over a standard rock depth range from 3000 to 6500 hg/cm^2., 28 pages, 9 figures

Published
2003

11. The Indo-US cooperative photovoltaic project

Author

H. S. Ullal, E. V. R. Sastry, and J.L. Stone

Subjects
Water pumping, Photovoltaic system, Public policy, Remote area, Impact study, Business, Rural area, Environmental planning, Cost share, Project engineering
Abstract

A cooperative program was established in 1993 by the governments of India and the United States. The 50-50 cost share project funded $500,000 of PV power systems for home lighting, water pumping, battery charging and vaccine refrigeration systems in the Sundarbans region of West Bengal, India. The project was designed as a sustainable rural economic development initiative with the Ramakrishna Mission, a well-respected humanitarian nongovernment organization (NGO) in this remote area of India. Special attention was paid to building an infrastructure for financing, installing and maintaining the PV power systems. A before-and-after impact study on the beneficiaries is being done. Lessons learned to date are presented along with details of the installed systems.

Published
2002
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12. Ramakrishna Mission initiative impact study-a rural electrification project in West Bengal, India

Author

H.S. Ullal, P. Bhatia, J.L. Stone, and A. Chaurey

Subjects
Consumption (economics), Service (business), Water pumping, media_common.quotation_subject, Technical evaluation, West bengal, Impact study, Rural electrification, Business, Payment, Environmental planning, media_common
Abstract

Three-hundred photovoltaic-powered solar home lighting (SHS) systems have been successfully operated in the Sundarbans region of West Bengal since 1997. This paper details the impact of these systems on the beneficiaries, including student study time, kerosene consumption and savings, effectiveness of supply and after-sales service, nature and frequency of problems in the systems, technical evaluation of the systems including detailed battery-charging patterns, satisfaction of users, and summary of payment collection. The Ramakrishna Mission has been an excellent choice as the nongovernmental organization (NGO) responsible for administering the project and training the teams responsible for installing and maintaining the systems. Other applications, such as battery-charging stations, common-area lighting, water pumping, and vaccine refrigeration, were also evaluated.

Published
2002
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13. Design, construction, and operation of SciFi tracking detector for K2K experiment

Author

A Suzuki, H Park, S Aoki, S Echigo, K Fujii, T Hara, T Iwashita, M Kitamura, M Kohama, G Kume, M Onchi, T Otaki, K Sato, M Takatsuki, K Takenaka, Y Tanaka, K Tashiro, T Inagaki, I Kato, S Mukai, T Nakaya, K Nishikawa, N Sasao, A Shima, H Yokoyama, T Chikamatsu, Y Hayato, T Ishida, T Ishii, H Ishino, E.J Jeon, T Kobayashi, S.B Lee, K Nakamura, Y Oyama, A Sakai, M Sakuda, V Tumakov, S Fukuda, Y Fukuda, M Ishizuka, Y Itow, T Kajita, J Kameda, K Kaneyuki, K Kobayashi, Y Kobayashi, Y Koshio, M Miura, S Moriyama, M Nakahata, S Nakayama, Y Obayashi, A Okada, N Sakurai, M Shiozawa, Y Suzuki, H Takeuchi, Y Takeuchi, Y Totsuka, T Toshito, S Yamada, K Miyano, M Nakamura, N Tamura, I Nakano, M Yoshida, T Kadowaki, S Kishi, T Maruyama, M Etoh, K Nishijima, H.C Bhang, B.H Khang, B.J Kim, H.I Kim, J.H Kim, S.B Kim, H So, J.H Yoo, J.H Choi, H.I Jang, J.S Jang, J.Y Kim, I.T Lim, M.Y Pac, E Kearns, K Scholberg, J.L Stone, L.R Sulak, C.W Walter, D Casper, W Gajewski, W Kropp, S Mine, H Sobel, M Vagins, S Matsuno, J Hill, C.K Jung, K Martens, C Mauger, C McGrew, E Sharkey, C Yanagisawa, H Berns, S Boyd, J Wilkes, D Kielczewska, and U Golebiewska

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Track (disk drive), Noise reduction, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Tracking (particle physics), Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, K2K experiment, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Neutrino oscillation, Instrumentation
Abstract

We describe the construction and performance of a scintillating fiber detector used in the near detector for the K2K (KEK to Kamioka, KEK E362) long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. The detector uses 3.7 m long and 0.692 mm diameter scintillating fiber coupled to image-intensifier tubes (IIT), and a CCD camera readout system. Fiber sheet production and detector construction began in 1997, and the detector was commissioned in March, 1999. Results from the first K2K runs confirm good initial performance : position resolution is estimated to be about 0.8 mm, and track finding efficiency is $98 \pm 2$ % for long tracks (i.e., those which intersect more than 5 fiber planes). The hit efficiency was estimated to be $92 \pm 2$ % using cosmic-ray muons, after noise reduction at the offline stage. The possibility of using the detector for particle identification is also discussed., Comment: In total 21 pages with 18 figures. THis is the proceedings for "The 7th International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics", held on Hamamatsu, Japan, Nov. 15-19, 1999

Published
2000
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14. 16-N as a calibration source for Super-Kamiokande

Author

E Blaufuss, G Guillian, Y Fukuda, S Fukuda, M Ishitsuka, Y Itow, T Kajita, J Kameda, K Kaneyuki, K Kobayashi, Y Kobayashi, Y Koshio, M Miura, S Moriyama, M Nakahata, S Nakayama, Y Obayashi, A Okada, K Okumura, N Sakurai, M Shiozawa, Y Suzuki, H Takeuchi, Y Takeuchi, T Toshito, Y Totsuka, S Yamada, M Earl, A Habig, E Kearns, M.D Messier, K Scholberg, J.L Stone, L.R Sulak, C.W Walter, M Goldhaber, T Barszczak, D Casper, W Gajewski, W.R Kropp, S Mine, L.R Price, M Smy, H.W Sobel, M.R Vagins, K.S Ganezer, W.E Keig, R.W Ellsworth, S Tasaka, A Kibayashi, J.G Learned, S Matsuno, D Takemori, Y Hayato, T Ishii, T Kobayashi, K Nakamura, Y Oyama, A Sakai, M Sakuda, O Sasaki, S Echigo, M Kohama, A.T Suzuki, T Inagaki, K Nishikawa, T.J Haines, B.K Kim, R Sanford, R Svoboda, M.L Chen, J.A Goodman, G.W Sullivan, J Hill, C.K Jung, K Martens, M Malek, C Mauger, C McGrew, E Sharkey, B Viren, C Yanagisawa, M Kirisawa, S Inaba, C Mitsuda, K Miyano, H Okazawa, C Saji, M Takahashi, M Takahata, Y Nagashima, K Nitta, M Takita, M Yoshida, S.B Kim, M Etoh, Y Gando, T Hasegawa, K Inoue, K Ishihara, T Maruyama, J Shirai, A Suzuki, M Koshiba, Y Hatakeyama, Y Ichikawa, M Koike, K Nishijima, H Fujiyasu, H Ishino, M Morii, Y Watanabe, U Golebiewska, D Kielczewska, S.C Boyd, A.L Stachyra, R.J Wilkes, and K.K Young

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Scale (ratio), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Detector, Isotropy, FOS: Physical sciences, Linear particle accelerator, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Neutron generator, Calibration, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Super-Kamiokande, Instrumentation
Abstract

The decay of 16-N is used to cross check the absolute energy scale calibration for solar neutrinos established by the electron linear accelerator (LINAC). A deuterium-tritium neutron generator was employed to create 16-N via the (n,p) reaction on 16-O in the water of the detector. This technique is isotropic and has different systematic uncertainties than the LINAC. The results from this high statistics data sample agree with the absolute energy scale of the LINAC to better than 1%. A natural source of 16-N from the capture of mu^- on 16-O, which is collected as a background to the solar neutrino analysis, is also discussed., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, Submitted to NIM A, published version

Published
2000
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15. Opportunities and issues in international photovoltaic market development

Author

J. Strachan, E. Richards, R. McConnell, C. Hanley, R. Taylor, W. Wallace, J.L. Stone, P. Klimas, S. Baldwin, H. Ullal, C. Warner, and D. Arent

Subjects
Engineering, Engineering management, Electrification, business.industry, General partnership, Photovoltaic system, Educational technology, Electricity, business, Commercialization, Renewable energy, Project engineering
Abstract

The confluence of technology development and market readiness is opening up major business opportunities for photovoltaic (PV) power systems throughout the developing world. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque (Sandia), working on behalf of the US Department of Energy, have launched pilot projects in several countries throughout the world over the past 3 years. The focus of these pilot projects has been the development of in-country institutional capabilities necessary to deliver the promise of PV electricity to the rural populations. In addition to country-specific activities, NREL is conducting several technology, information and partnership projects focused on further accelerating the education, training, business and technology developments necessary to bridge the gap between promise and reality. This paper summarizes these efforts.

Published
1996
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17. High-quality dielectric suitable for use with amorphous semiconductors

Author

J.L. Barrett, C.R. Haden, and J.L. Stone

Subjects
Materials science, Anodizing, Dielectric, Polyvinyl alcohol, Buffer (optical fiber), Amorphous solid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Quality (physics), chemistry, Chemical engineering, Tartaric acid, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Voltage
Abstract

Very-high-quality Al/SUB 2/O/SUB 3/ films have been grown by anodizing aluminum films in a bath of tartaric acid, buffered with NH/SUB 4/OH and diluted with propylene glycol. Several thousand films were evaluated to demonstrate high resistivities and breakdown voltages, as well as dielectric properties stable with respect to film thickness, frequency, and applied voltage. It is shown that an optimum solution, an optimum buffer, an optimum pH, and an optimum anodization time exist.

Published
1974
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18. Experimental limits on monopole catalysis, N oscillations, and nucleon lifetimes

Author

M. Goldhaber, E. Shumard, Sally Seidel, D. Casper, J. L. Stone, J.L. Stone, J. C. van der Velde, Frederick Reines, H. W. Sobel, K. S. Ganezer, C. Wuest, B. G. Cortez, T. J. Haines, J. Schultz, R. Svoboda, John M. LoSecco, G.W. Forter, T. W. Jones, H. S. Park, L.E. Sulak, D. Sinclair, R. Claus, Geoffrey Blewitt, J. G. Learned, E. Lehmann, S. Errede, C. B. Bratton, P. Chrysicopoulou, W. Gajewski, R. M. Bionta, W. R. Kropp, and D. Kielczewska

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Magnetic monopole, Nucleon, Catalysis
Published
1985
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19. Effect of Adding Dried Whey to Starter Diet of Early and Late Weaned Calves

Author

L.J. Fisher, J.L. Stone, and Edward J. DePeters

Subjects
Dried whey, food and beverages, Biology, Body weight, Feed conversion ratio, Whole milk, Starter, Animal science, Genetics, Weaning, Animal Science and Zoology, Dry matter, Food science, Food Science
Abstract

Forty-four Holstein calves, 20 males and 24 females, were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial designed experiment. Treatments consisted of early (35 d) versus late (70 d) weaning and the feeding of a pelleted starter diet containing either 0 or 24.5% dried sweet whey. Calves were housed in individual, elevated, shaded pens. Whole milk was fed at 10% of body weight adjusted weekly. The assigned starter diet and water were provided free choice beginning on the 8th d of the trial. Intakes of milk and starter diet were recorded daily. Body weight, heart girth, and wither height measurements were recorded weekly during the 14-wk trial. Calves fed the starter diet containing whey consumed less dry matter (119.2 vs. 150.7kg) and had a lower rate of gain (.63 vs. .72 kg/d) than those fed the control starter ration. Late weaned calves consumed less starter (115.8 vs. 145.0kg) and gained more rapidly (.74 vs. .61 kg/d) than early weaned calves. Bull calves were more efficient converters of dietary dry matter into body weight gain than heifer calves, and late weaned calves were more efficient than early weaned calves. Inclusion of whey in the starter ration did not influence feed conversion. It was concluded that the addition of whey at 24% of a pelleted starter diet depressed intake and rate of gain of calves.

Published
1986
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20. Identification of trapping mechanisms in amorphous compounds using cavity perturbation techniques

Author

J.L. Stone, C.R. Haden, and S.A. Collins

Subjects
Amorphous semiconductors, Chemistry, Semiconductor materials, Analytical chemistry, Perturbation (astronomy), Trapping, Dielectric, Condensed Matter Physics, Molecular physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Microwave cavity
Abstract

In many semiconductor materials, the photodielectric effect is manifested as a decrease in the real part of the complex dielectric constant. The optically induced dielectric perturbation is used to vary the resonant frequency of a microwave cavity. Amorphous semiconductors are known to possess various levels of trapping centers and it can be shown that the magnitude of the photodielectric effect is proportional to the density and energy levels of these traps. Several different samples of 2As2Se3·As2Te3, As2Te3, As2S3, and Te(55%)As(38%)Ge(4%)Si(3%) were used in photodielectric experiments. None of the experiments, conducted at 4.2°K, 77°K, and 300°K, produced a photodielectric effect. Several reasons for the absence of positive results are analyzed.

Published
1972
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21. Minor switching and RF oscillations in amorphous semiconductors

Author

C.R. Haden, J.L. Barrett, J.L. Stone, and R.W. Gill

Subjects
Resistive touchscreen, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Oscillation, Polarity (physics), Conductance, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Radio frequency, Excitation
Abstract

Inherent radio frequency oscillations at 13.7 MHz have been observed in the amorphous semiconductor. As38Te55Ge4Si3 and at 11.4 MHz in 2As2Se3:As2Te3. These oscillations occur at a minor switching event which precedes the major resistive switch. A study of contact effects, ramp excitation and polarity revealed nothing which indicates that the phenomenon is not a property of the material itself. The frequency is independent of loading, pulse repetition rate, and temperature. The threshold for the minor switch is a strong function of temperature. The oscillation may represent the transition from upper localized states to lower extended states. The conductance change would be due to a resulting extension of the recombination free path. If this is the case, a study of the oscillations will yield definitive information concerning the conduction processes in amorphous materials.

Published
1972
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22. The odyssey of thin-film amorphous silicon photovoltaics

Author

J.L. Stone and E.S. Sabisky

Subjects
Semiconductor thin films, Amorphous silicon, Amorphous semiconductors, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, business.industry, Photovoltaics, Optoelectronics, Business, Electricity, Commercialization, Engineering physics
Abstract

The authors review the successes of a-Si:H photovoltaics (PV) technology as well as the status of device efficiencies, markets, and commercialization. They propose technological goals for the years 1995 and 2000. These goals are, respectively: the demonstration of the commercial feasibility of PV-generated power by a selling price of 10-15 cents/kWh (1988 dollars); and a reduction of the selling price of PV-generated electricity to approximately half the 1995 price. An approach to achieving these goals is outlined. >

Published
1988
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23. First results from the MACRO experiment at the Gran Sasso laboratory

Author

Paolo Giubellino, V. Togo, E. Hazen, F. Cafagna, V. Flaminio, P. Bernardini, C. Favuzzi, M. Spinetti, R. Heinz, W. Worstell, Lawrence Sulak, A. Marzari-Chiesa, P. Monacelli, J. Steele, M. Severi, M. Masera, R. Steinberg, A. Marin, M. Iori, G. Battistoni, Alexander Grillo, M. Grassi, J. Petrakis, D. Solie, P. Campana, Andrea Carlo Marini, G. Liu, L. Satta, P. Matteuzzi, Steven Ahlen, M. Fabbri, G. Martellotti, C. Bloise, C. Peck, S. Mufson, R. C. Webb, S. Coutu, C. Lane, C. Bemporad, Daniel M. Levin, L. Ramello, E. Nappi, F. Predieri, G.L. Sanzani, A. Reale, E. Iarocci, C. Bower, S. Cechini, R. Pazzi, P. Serra, G. Auriemma, P. Green, Frederic Jean Ronga, G. De Cataldo, Roberto Bellotti, G.P. Sini, A. Sciubba, M. Calicchio, G. Giannini, B. Pal, Vincenzo Patera, S. Klein, J.L. Stone, G. Mancarella, J. Reynoldson, V. Chiarella, E. Lamanna, G. Rosa, C. Forti, P. Lipari, G.C. Barbarino, Halina Bilokon, M. Monteno, V. Valente, V. Bisi, M. Fiore, S. Petrera, D. Ficenec, A. Baldini, N. Giglietto, G. Mandrioli, P. Spinelli, L. Petrillo, M. Spurio, M. Devincenzi, Barry C. Barish, E. Erriquez, G. Giacomelli, J.T. Hong, C. De Marzo, and L. Patrizii

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, magnetic monopole, Cosmic muons, MACRO, Macro, Gran Sasso, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

The first physics results obtained with the MACRO detector in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory are reported. Results were also obtained in conjunction with the EAS-TOP detector located on top of the Gran Sasso mountain.

24. Inverse current gain improvement of bipolar transistors by double-base diffusion

Author

J.L. Stone, A. Hyslop, and J.C. Plunkett

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistor, Transistor, Bipolar junction transistor, Electrical engineering, Inverse, Bipolar transistor biasing, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Current injection technique, Diffusion process, law, Logic gate, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

The double-base diffusion process is introduced and is experimentally shown to significantly improve the inverse or upward current gain of the n-p-n bipolar transistor. The technique consists of a deep p+diffusion into an external base region of multicollector transistors forming a close-in collar around the intrinsic base of each transistor. This technique, together with the use of deep diffusion n+guard rings around the complete unit cell, is shown to improve the inverse current gain significantly.

Published
1977
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25. An amorphous semiconductor RF switch

Author

J.S. Linder, W.A. Porter, J.L. Stone, and C.R. Haden

Subjects
Amorphous semiconductors, RF switch, Materials science, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Optoelectronics, Radio frequency, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

Switching of an RF signal at 300 MHz by an amorphous semiconductor is reported. The material is Si 3 Ge 4 As 38 Te 55 , cut into a 1 mm3sample. Switching is accomplished by application of a 300-V pulse, with switching times less than 1 µs observed.

Published
1971
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26. Bulk switching of an amorphous semiconductor

Author

J.S. Linder, C.R. Haden, and J.L. Stone

Subjects
Amorphous semiconductors, Materials science, business.industry, Electrode, Electronic engineering, Optoelectronics, Volt, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Electrical conductor, Delay time, Amorphous solid, Threshold voltage
Abstract

Bulk switching of a Si 3 Ge 4 As 38 Te 55 amorphous semiconductor is reported. Even though the contacts are separated by 1 mm, a delay time of only 10 µs is observed. This is attributed to an active region of only 0.1-mm thickness near the positive electrode. The threshold voltage is 250 volts at room temperature.

Published
1970
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