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166 results on '"J.H. Zhang"'

1. Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances growth performance, intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity and modulates gut microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Author

D. Ruan, A.M. Fouad, Q.L. Fan, X.H. Huo, Z.X. Kuang, H. Wang, C.Y. Guo, Y.F. Deng, C. Zhang, J.H. Zhang, and S.Q. Jiang

Subjects
arginine, intestinal antioxidation, immunity, gut microbiota, yellow-feathered chicken, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

This study investigated the effects of dietary Arginine (Arg) on performance, intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota in Chinese yellow-feathered chickens. One thousand two hundred 1-day-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 6 replicates of 40 birds each. Chickens were fed diets with 5 levels of total Arg (8.5, 9.7, 10.9, 12.1, and 13.3 g/kg) without antibiotics for 30 d. The ADFI, ADG, and feed conversion ratio were improved with dietary Arg levels (P

Published
2020
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2. Gestational age estimation from ultrasound fetal biometrics in China

Author

J.F. Sun, L.J. Zhang, L.Q. Cui, X.D. Luo, G.H. He, X.J. Dong, L. He, J.H. Zhang, J.H. Sun, G. Chen, Y. Lv, and L.Y. Liu

Subjects
biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

Objective: To establish a new gestational age estimation equation in China and compare them with commonly used equations of 2017 and 1984. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in 3208 fetuses between 15 and 40 weeks of gestation. The following biometric variables were recorded: biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. Women with a certain gestational age were confirmed by the last menstrual period with a regular cycle of 26-32 days. Subsequently, a mixed regression model was used for regression analysis for the estimation equation of gestational age. Additionally, validation set was used to verify the accuracy of the equation. Estimation error was defined as the mean square deviation between the estimation equation and observed gestational age and its accuracy was compared with that analyzed by Hadlock and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) equations. Results: The gestational age estimation errors of the new equation are within 9.62 days from 15 to 20 weeks, 7.90 days from 21 to 25 weeks, 11.76 days from 26 to 30 weeks, 9.35 days from 31 to 35 weeks, and within 11.30 days from 36 to 40 weeks of gestation. Compared to the results evaluated by the Hadlock and NICHD equations, the estimation of the new equation has significantly improved gestational age determination in the second and third trimesters. Conclusions: The estimation results of the new equation is superior to those of the Hadlock and NICHD equations and provides more accurate results for gestational age estimation with ultrasonic examination.

Published
2020
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3. An alternative method to mimic mode conversion for ion cyclotron resonance heating

Author

J.H. Zhang, X.J. Zhang, C.M. Qin, W. Zhang, and Y.Q. Yang

Subjects
ICRH, FEM, mode conversion, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Ion cyclotron range of frequency waves in hot plasmas exhibit spatial dispersion effects and the wave equation takes the integro-differential form. Under the local plasma model assumption, the wave equation can be simplified to the differential form and adapts to the numerical scheme of the finite element method (FEM). Even though direct absorption of fast waves by ions and electrons can be described well by the local plasma model, linear mode conversion associated with non-local effects is absent. To deal with this issue, an alternative method is put forward in this paper where quasi-electrostatic fluid waves based on the multi-fluid warm plasma model are employed to take the place of ion Bernstein waves in mode conversion. On this basis, an interative fluid-kinetics (INTFLUK) code based on the FEM is developed for full-wave simulation in hot plasmas. Derivation of the wave equations as well as benchmarking of the INTFLUK code against other wave simulation codes are carried out. In both one- and two-dimensional cases, the validity of the INTFLUK code was verified by comparison of the wave field distributions and power deposition. As a useful illustration of the INTFLUK code including the scrape-off layer and a realistic antenna, the influence of the poloidal antenna phasing difference on ion cyclotron resonance heating is analyzed. Finally, it should be noted that the method in this paper has the potential to be extended to the three-dimensional case, which will be considered in the near future.

Published
2023
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4. Influences of plasma density perturbations on ion cyclotron resonance heating

Author

J.H. Zhang, W. Zhang, X.J. Zhang, C.M. Qin, Y.Q. Yang, and L. Shi

Subjects
ICRH, EAST, FEM, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The scattering of waves in the ion cyclotron range by plasma density perturbations in the edge has been previously studied by Zhang et al with the help of antenna code RAPLICASOL (2020, Nucl. Fusion , 60 , 096001). The further interesting question is whether the density perturbations have an effect on ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) in the core. In this paper, finite element method based 2D full wave code integrating the core with the edge is used to study this issue. The analytical density perturbations are applied to study the influence of density perturbations on field distribution, power deposition, wave coupling, power partition among different species in the core, and the fraction of energy dissipation in the scrape-off layer. The influence of density perturbations becomes global and significant when the poloidal size of the density blob is comparable to the perpendicular wavelength. In addition, the strength of wave scattering is directly proportional to the amplitude and the radial size of the density blob. Finally, a typical experiment on the EAST is chosen and the influence of realistic density perturbations on ICRH is evaluated.

Published
2023
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5. Radiation damage in helium ion–irradiated reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel

Author

L.D. Xia, W.B. Liu, H.P. Liu, J.H. Zhang, H. Chen, Z.G. Yang, and C. Zhang

Subjects
Grain Boundary, Helium Bubble, Irradiation Temperature, Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

Nanocrystalline reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel samples were prepared using surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Un-SMATed and SMATed reduced activation ferritic/martensitic samples were irradiated by helium ions at 200°C and 350°C with 2 dpa and 8 dpa, respectively, to investigate the effects of grain boundaries (GBs) and temperature on the formation of He bubbles during irradiation. Experimental results show that He bubbles are preferentially trapped at GBs in all the irradiated samples. Bubble denuded zones are clearly observed near the GBs at 350°C, whereas the bubble denuded zones are not obvious in the samples irradiated at 200°C. The average bubble size increases and the bubble density decreases with an increasing irradiation temperature from 200°C to 350°C. Both the average size and density of the bubbles increase with an increasing irradiation dose from 2 dpa to 8 dpa. Bubbles with smaller size and lower density were observed in the SMATed samples but not in the un-SMATed samples irradiated in the same conditions, which indicate that GBs play an important role during irradiation, and sink strength increases as grain size decreases.

Published
2018
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6. Study on Processing Desulfurization Waste Water of Power Plant Using Polymeric Flocculant

Author

J.H. Zhang and J.L. Liu

Subjects
Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract

The power plant desulfurization wastewater is studied in a city of North China. The optimal conditions for preparing polymeric polysilicate aluminium ferric sulphate (PSAFS) was explored by L9(34) Results of Orthogonal Experiment, and the effect of dosage, pH value, the settling time and sedimentation time on PSAFS for disposal was investigated as well. It was shown that the performance of PSAFS was the best, while the concentration of SiO2 was 2.5%, the value of pH was 5.5, and the molar ratio of Al/Fe/Si was 1:1:1, aging time about 4 h. Under the conditions of PSAFS dosage 6.7 g/l and wastewater pH 10, settling time of 20 min, the suspended solids, COD, sulfide, fluoride and Cl- in the desulfurization wastewater had a good removal effect. Comparing with the polyaluminium chloride (PAC) for the treatment of the desulfurization waste water, PSAFS has the advantages such as less dosage, the higher efficiency, shorter settling time and co- treatment many pollutants.

Published
2015
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7. Experimental Research and Theoretical Analysis on Mechanical Behaviour of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Filled Square Steel Short Tube under Eccentric Compression Load

Author

J.H. Zhang

Subjects
Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract

To study the mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete filled square steel short tube under eccentric compression load,15 specimens were designed and used in the monotonic loading test to obtainfailure modes, failure loading, and curves on loading-deformation and loading-strain. Two factors were considered in the experiment which was recycled aggregate, replacement ratio and eccentricity in an effort to analyse consequence on mechanical property. The ultimate bearing capacity and bearing capacity formulas for axial compression and partial compression of RACFSST short column for different parameters is calculated by ABAQUS. The results show similarities between natural aggregate concrete filled square steel short tube and recycled aggregate concrete filled square steel short tube in the aspects of the bearing capacity, failure modes, deformation features and strain distribution in the section; bearing capacity of the aggregate concrete filled square steel short tube would slightly decrease as the rise of the recycled aggregate replacement ratio and would have a remarkable fall with the growth of eccentricity; the formula value of axial compression and bias short column is in good agreement with the test results.

Published
2015
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22. Achieving exceptionally high strength in binary Mg-13Gd alloy by strong texture and substantial precipitates

Author

D.Y. Zhao, Y.Q. Dai, H. Zhang, H.C. Pan, D.Q. Fang, D.S. Xie, Hongwei Li, J.H. Zhang, and Rongguang Li

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Fine grain, Precipitation (chemistry), Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, Metals and Alloys, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Precipitation hardening, Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, General Materials Science, Extrusion, Texture (crystalline), Dislocation, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Ultra-high strength is obtained in the simple binary Mg-Gd alloy with only a small extrusion ratio, and its main strengthening contribution is different from that reported in previous works. The tensile yield strength (TYS) of Mg-13Gd alloy can reach 350 MPa by hot extrusion with an extrusion ratio of 4. The strong texture and internal dislocation pinning of the un-dynamically recrystallized (un-DRXed) region with large proportion contribute greatly to the strength of as-extruded alloy. It is found for the first time that aging precipitation only occurs within the large un-DRXed grains but not in the fine DRXed grains. The TYS of extruded + peak-aged alloy increases to 470 MPa. The ultra-high strength is mainly related to texture strengthening and precipitation strengthening, rather than fine grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening in the conventional Mg alloys with large plastic deformation.

Published
2021

24. EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM HUMATE ON COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) GROWTH AND YIELD AND SOIL SALINITY UNDER FILM-MULCHED DRIP IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATER IN NORTHWEST CHINA

Author

Y. Guo, J.H. Zhang, Y. Sun, Y. Chen, Q.J. Wang, and K. Wei

Subjects
Soil salinity, Brackish water, chemistry, Agronomy, Potassium, Yield (wine), Environmental science, chemistry.chemical_element, Drip irrigation, Agronomy and Crop Science, Gossypium hirsutum, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published
2021

26. DETERMINING OPTIMAL DRIP-IRRIGATION VOLUMES AFTER WETTING FOR MULCHED DRY-SEEDED COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) DURING THE SEEDLING STAGE USING HYDRUS-3D

Author

C.X. Wang, W.C. Dong, L. Cao, Y.Y. Shan, L.J. Su, Q.J. Wang, and J.H. Zhang

Subjects
Hydrus, Agronomy, biology, Seedling, Environmental science, Seeding, Stage (hydrology), Drip irrigation, Wetting, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy and Crop Science, Gossypium hirsutum, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published
2021

27. Effectiveness of S-1–Based Chemoradiotherapy and S-1 Consolidation in Elderly Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial

Author

X. Wang, W. Han, W. Zhang, X.M. Wang, X.L. Ge, Y. Lin, H.W. Zhou, M.M. Hu, W. Wang, J.H. Zhang, K. Liu, J. Lu, S. Qie, M.H. Li, K. Zhang, L. Li, Q. Wang, H. Shi, Y.D. Zhao, Y.G. Shi, X.C. Sun, Q.S. Pang, N. Bi, T. Zhang, L. Deng, J. Wang, J.Q. Chen, and Z. Xiao

Subjects
Cancer Research, Radiation, Oncology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Published
2022

28. A Novel Chemical Binding Primer to Improve Dentin Bonding Durability

Author

S.Y. Yu, J.H. Zhang, K.X. Li, H. Chen, H.M. Wang, X. He, Z.S. Shi, S. Zhu, and Z.C. Cui

Subjects
Dentin-Bonding Agents, Tensile Strength, Dentin, Materials Testing, Dental Bonding, Collagen, General Dentistry, Resin Cements
Abstract

The dentin collagen matrix that is not completely enveloped by resin adhesive is vulnerable to degradation by intrinsic collagenases during the etch-and-rinse process, which contributes to the deterioration of the bonding interface. Current commercial adhesives have no functional components that can form covalent bonds to the dentin collagen matrix. In this study, a photocurable aldehyde, 4-formylphenyl acrylate (FA), was synthesized and for the first time applied as a primer in adhesive dentistry to covalently bind to collagen. Experimental groups with different concentrations of FA (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%) were prepared as primers. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by live/dead-cell staining and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay. The interaction of FA with collagen was examined by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydroxyproline release under the degradation of type I collagenase, and thermogravimetric analysis. An optimal group was selected based on the degree of conversion of 2 universal adhesives and further divided depending on the treatment time (20 s, 30 s, 1 min, 2 min). The bonding performances were evaluated by microtensile strength before and after aging. Finally, the bonding interface was observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that FA demonstrated good biocompatibility, dentin modification capability, and infiltration. It not only effectively cross-linked dentin collagen to improve its stability against enzymatic hydrolysis and modify the adhesive interface but also potentially acted as a diluting monomer to induce deep penetration of adhesive resin monomers into the dentin. The bonding strength after aging was improved without jeopardizing the degree of conversion of 2 commercial adhesives. Such prominent advantages of using FA to improve the bonding performance promotes its further application in adhesive dentistry.

Published
2022

29. Steinernema populi n. sp. (Panagrolaimomorpha, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode species from China

Author

C.L. Tian, F. Zhu, X.Y. Li, J.H. Zhang, V. Půža, D. Shapiro-Ilan, D. Zhao, J.W. Liu, J.J. Zhou, Y. Ding, J.C. Wang, J. Ma, X.F. Zhu, M.H. Li, and J.P. Li

Subjects
Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, General Medicine
Abstract

Steinernema populi n. sp. was recovered by baiting from beneath poplar trees in China. Morphological and molecular features provided evidence for placing the new species into the Kushidai clade. The new species is characterized by the following morphological features: third-stage infective juveniles (IJ) with a body length of 1095 (973–1172) μm, a distance from the anterior end to excretory pore of 77 (70–86) μm and a tail length of 64 (55–72) μm. The Body length/Tail length (c) ratio and Anterior end to Excretory pore/ Tail length × 100 (E%) of S. populi n. sp. are substantially greater than those of all other ‘Feltiae–Kushidai–Monticolum’ group members. The first-generation males can be recognized by a spicule length of 66 (57–77) μm and a gubernaculum length of 46 (38–60) μm. The new species is further characterized by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and partial 28S regions of the ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analyses show that Steinernema akhursti and Steinernema kushidai are the closest relatives to S. populi n. sp.

Published
2022

31. A digital feedback control and real-time monitoring system of PF coil power supplies for HL-2A

Author

L.L. Ren, F. Xia, X.M. Song, B. Li, G.Y. Zheng, R. Ma, Xiaoquan Ji, J.H. Zhang, Jian Zhou, W. Pan, J.X. Li, and C.W. Luo

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Divertor, Electrical engineering, Industrial control system, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Power (physics), Upgrade, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electromagnetic coil, Real-time Control System, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Joule heating, business, Civil and Structural Engineering, Data transmission
Abstract

An upgrade to the magnet power digital feedback system (DFS) for the real time control of the PF coil power supplies is currently being developed and commissioned in HL-2A. The system aims to perform higher control resolution, more stable control cycle, real time monitoring and protection. The DFS has been shown to have better performance than the existing system in the control of the PF coil power supplies. It can control effectively all the PF coil power supplies, including the ohmic heating power supply (OHPS), vertical field power supply (VFPS), radial field power supply (RFPS) and the divertor coil power supply (DCPS). Meanwhile, the high-speed data transmission with reflective memory is used to transfer the control parameters of the PF coil power supplies. Moreover, the DFS also provides the real time monitor and protection based on the experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS).

Published
2019

32. Cold-working mediated converse age hardening responses in extruded Mg-14Gd-2Ag-0.5Zr alloy with different microstructure

Author

Rongguang Li, H.B. Shafqat, Ruizhi Wu, Lin Zong, Guangyan Fu, J.H. Zhang, and Yong Su

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Fine grain, Mg alloys, Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Grain size, Precipitation hardening, Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Nano, engineering, General Materials Science, Grain boundary, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Figuring out the influencing factors is important to explore the potential of age hardening response for Mg alloys. Here the effect of different microstructure on age hardening response in extruded Mg-14Gd-2Ag-0.5Zr alloy is investigated. The age hardening response is weakened by cold-rolling for the extruded sample with large grain size due to the solute atom segregation to form bulk particles in twin boundaries during aging. Conversely, the age hardening response is enhanced by cold-rolling for the extruded sample with fine grain size and dynamical precipitates along grain boundaries, which is attributed to the segregation of solute atoms into the nano subgrain boundaries within grains during aging.

Published
2019

33. Elastic tension induced lattice distortions in DD10 single crystal nickel-based superalloy at 500 °C/760 MPa using in situ neutron diffraction

Author

J.H. Zhang, S. Q. Wang, Guangai Sun, Zhaolong Yang, Shuming Peng, Fangjie Mo, and Changsheng Zhang

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Phase boundary, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Mechanical Engineering, Neutron diffraction, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Superalloy, Nickel, Tetragonal crystal system, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Anisotropy, Single crystal
Abstract

A newly-developed in situ neutron diffraction method has been employed to search elastic tension induced lattice distortions in DD10 single crystal nickel-based superalloy under tensile condition of 500 °C/760 MPa. Multiple lattice reflections, viz., {002}, {003}, {220}, {311} were in situ measured. Two samples which were stretched along [001] direction and 18° deviation of [001] direction, respectively, were measured for comparison. As samples were heated to 500 °C, the lattice stress of both samples gradually relaxes. With 760 MPa tension applied, the response of reflections of γ and γ’ phases were anisotropic. Compared with 0° sample, 18° sample resulted in distinguishable results. Due to the large extra stress, the mismatch along [001] direction is much negative, whereas that perpendicular to [001] get slightly positive. Owing to the different stress states, γ phase is divided into two conditions. The tetragonal distortion with c/a of γ⊥ channel is largest, while that of γ’ phase is small. The distortions at γ/γ’ phase boundary result in broadening the boundary of γ’ phase. In this work, a new elastic-induced lattice distortion model that enhances apprehensions to the constraint effect between γ and γ’ phases is built, which might provide the directly experimental evidence to the origin of rafting.

Published
2019

35. Finite elements method-based ICRF wave heating simulation integrating with SOL plasma for EAST tokamak

Author

J.H. Zhang, X.J. Zhang, and C.M. Qin

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) wave heating simulation is often carried out in the core plasma region. However, the inclusion of scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma in the simulation model may lead to a new physical phenomenon and needs to be studied. In this paper, we apply a finite elements method based on the approach of Vallejos et al (2019 Nucl. Fusion 59 076022), to simulate ICRF wave heating to account realistically for SOL plasma of the EAST. In the presence of the density pedestal near the last closed flux surface, a kind of cavity mode is observed for the case of low parallel wave number. Near the ion–ion hybrid resonance (IIR) layer in the SOL region, mode conversion from fast waves to slow waves takes place. ICRF wave coupling characteristics are roughly consistent with the prediction of the dispersion relation except for some small deviations, which may be caused by fast wave reflection in the high-field side. Approximately on-axis heating of H ion is observed and the power deposition zone broadens with parallel wave number increasing. Wave energy dissipation in SOL plasma is less than 7% and localized near the IIR region. Furthermore, the comparison between D(H) and D(He-3) minority heating scenarios is also carried out. The results and conclusions in this paper can provide a theoretical reference for ICRF heating experiments and may supply a new insight into the form of ICRF waves in the plasma edge.

Published
2022

36. Progress of HL-2A experiments and HL-2M program

Author

X.R. Duan, M. Xu, W.L. Zhong, Y. Liu, X.M. Song, D.Q. Liu, Y.Q. Wang, B. Lu, Z.B. Shi, G.Y. Zheng, Yong Liu, Q.W. Yang, W.C. Mao, Q. Li, L.J. Cai, X.Q. Ji, X.L. Liu, L.C. Li, B. Li, J.Q. Dong, X.T. Ding, L.W. Yan, J.F. Artaud, X.Y. Bai, J.Y. Cao, Z. Cao, L. Chen, W. Chen, L. Delpech, H.L. Du, A. Ekedahl, Z. Gao, J. Garcia, M.K. Han, G.Z. Hao, H.M. He, G.T. Hoang, M. Huang, M. Isobe, M. Jiang, A.S. Liang, Y.Q. Liu, D. Li, H.J. Li, J.Q. Li, J.X. Li, Qing Li, Yongge Li, T. Long, D. Mazon, G.R. Mckee, Z.Y. Qiu, J.F. Peng, Y. Peysson, J. Rao, X. Song, T.F. Sun, Z.X. Wang, H.L. Wei, J. Wen, N. Wu, Y.H. Xu, G.L. Xiao, X.P. Xiao, L. Xue, Z. Yan, Z.Y. Yang, D.L. Yu, L.M. Yu, Y. Yu, L.G. Zang, J.H. Zhang, N. Zhang, Y.P. Zhang, F. Zonca, and X.L. Zou

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Since the last IAEA Fusion Energy Conference in 2018, significant progress of the experimental program of HL-2A has been achieved on developing advanced plasma physics, edge localized mode (ELM) control physics and technology. Optimization of plasma confinement has been performed. In particular, high-β N H-mode plasmas exhibiting an internal transport barrier have been obtained (normalized plasma pressure β N reached up to 3). Injection of impurity improved the plasma confinement. ELM control using resonance magnetic perturbation or impurity injection has been achieved in a wide parameter regime, including types I and III. In addition, impurity seeding with supersonic molecular beam injection or laser blow-off techniques has been successfully applied to actively control the plasma confinement and instabilities, as well as plasma disruption with the aid of disruption prediction. Disruption prediction algorithms based on deep learning are developed. A prediction accuracy of 96.8% can be reached by assembling a convolutional neural network. Furthermore, transport resulting from a wide variety of phenomena such as energetic particles and magnetic islands has been investigated. In parallel with the HL-2A experiments, the HL-2M mega-ampere class tokamak was commissioned in 2020 with its first plasma. Key features and capabilities of HL-2M are briefly presented.

Published
2022

38. Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances growth performance, intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity and modulates gut microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Author

C.Y. Guo, Y.F. Deng, C. Zhang, H. Wang, Z.X. Kuang, J.H. Zhang, D. Ruan, X.H. Huo, S.Q. Jiang, Q.L. Fan, and A.M. Fouad

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, GPX1, Arginine, Candidatus Arthromitus, Ileum, arginine, Gut flora, Feed conversion ratio, Metabolism and Nutrition, Jejunum, 03 medical and health sciences, Random Allocation, Internal medicine, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, medicine, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, lcsh:SF1-1100, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Bacteria, gut microbiota, Glutathione peroxidase, 0402 animal and dairy science, Immunity, yellow-feathered chicken, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Animal Feed, Diet, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Enzyme Activation, Intestines, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, intestinal antioxidation, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, lcsh:Animal culture, Oxidoreductases, Chickens
Abstract

This study investigated the effects of dietary Arginine (Arg) on performance, intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota in Chinese yellow-feathered chickens. One thousand two hundred 1-day-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 6 replicates of 40 birds each. Chickens were fed diets with 5 levels of total Arg (8.5, 9.7, 10.9, 12.1, and 13.3 g/kg) without antibiotics for 30 d. The ADFI, ADG, and feed conversion ratio were improved with dietary Arg levels (P < 0.05). The proportions of CD3+ and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes responded in a linear (P < 0.05) manner and those of CD4+ in a linear or quadratic (P < 0.05) manner as dietary Arg levels increased. Dietary Arg level had a linear (P < 0.05) or quadratic (P < 0.05) effect on the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 1, heme oxygenase 1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in the jejunum and ileum. The relative expression of IL-1β, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, and Toll-like receptor 4 decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in the ileum with increasing dietary Arg levels; secretory IgA contents were increased. In addition, sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary Arg increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, Romboutsia and Candidatus Arthromitus genera, while decreased that of Clostridium sensu stricto 1. A diet containing 12.1 g Arg/kg promoted growth performance, intestinal antioxidation, and innate immunity and modulated gut microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens.

Published
2020

39. Microstructure and texture evolution during porthole die extrusion of Mg-Al-Zn alloy

Author

Cunsheng Zhang, J.H. Zhang, Gaojin Chen, Liang Chen, Jianwei Tang, and Guoqun Zhao

Subjects
Equiaxed crystals, Shearing (physics), 0209 industrial biotechnology, Materials science, Metals and Alloys, 02 engineering and technology, Welding, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Computer Science Applications, law.invention, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, law, Modeling and Simulation, Ceramics and Composites, Perpendicular, Dynamic recrystallization, Extrusion, Texture (crystalline), Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

This study reports the formation mechanism of inhomogeneous microstructure in AZ31 Mg alloy extruded by porthole die. Two streamlines corresponding to welding and matrix zones of the extruded profile were focused, and the evolution of microstructure and texture was investigated. The results show that (i) Welding zone streamline: The complete dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred after splitting stage, and the microstructure consists of equiaxed grains with several microns. Strong shearing texture is formed during splitting stage, and the c-axis has a deviation with normal direction. Then, the basal plane rotates to be perpendicular with normal direction during the welding stage. The main textures are identified as //ND and {0001} textures, while the fraction of these two components varies significantly during extrusion process. (ii) Matrix zone streamline: The coarse elongated grains were reserved along the whole streamline, which indicates the occurrence of partial DRX. Moreover, the {10–12} extension twins appear inside the coarse unDRXed grains. The basal plane of unDRXed grains tends to be perpendicular to ED direction with a deviation angle, and the {11–20} texture can also be observed. However, the orientation concentration with certain pattern was not formed for DRXed grains.

Published
2018

40. Etomidate plus fentanyl for anesthesia in pediatric strabotomy

Author

Yong Hu, J.H. Zhang, and X.Y. Yang

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Mean arterial pressure, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Fentanyl, Pacu, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Etomidate, Anesthesia, Bispectral index, Heart rate, Anesthetic, medicine, Ketamine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Considering the side effects of etomidate, it requires additional anesthetics to reduce the side effects and improve efficacy. Ketamine is often used as an adjunct anesthetic. We hypothesized that etomidate combined with fentanyl was more effective than etomidate combined with ketamine in the anesthesia of pediatric strabotomy. To prove our hypothesis, a prospective randomized controlled clinical study was performed, in which 35 children with strabotomy received etomidate plus ketamine (group A) for anesthesia induction and maintenance and 35 children with strabotomy received etomidate combined with fentanyl (group B). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), bispectral index (BIS), anesthesia effect, and emergence agitation and pain were observed before anesthesia induction (T1), after anesthesia induction (T2), at the beginning of the operation (T3), after 10-min operation (T4), and at the end of the operation (T5). Children in group B had significantly lower MAP and HR from T3 to T5, decreased BIS from T2 to T4, better anesthesia effect, and smaller emergence agitation and pain scores at 10 min after entering into postanesthesia care unit (PACU) compared with group A (p 0.05). The mean emergence agitation score in group B was significantly lower than that in group A when the maximum emergence in group B was at 20 min after entering into PACU (p 0.05). In conclusion, etomidate combined with fentanyl plays a good efficacy in anesthesia of pediatric strabotomy compared with etomidate plus ketamine.

Published
2019

41. Failure criterion of an asphalt mixture under three-dimensional stress state

Author

Tuo Huang, Jianlong Zheng, Songtao Lv, J.H. Zhang, Pihua Wen, and Colin Bailey

Subjects
Materials science, Mathematical model, Plane (geometry), 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Triaxial shear test, Strength of materials, Stress (mechanics), Asphalt, 021105 building & construction, Ultimate tensile strength, Ultimate failure, General Materials Science, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

A self-developed triaxial test method was adopted to characterize mechanical behavior of the asphalt mixture under three-dimensional stress states in this study. The conventional uniaxial tests and triaxial tests were conducted in the laboratory to verify the triaxial test results obtained using the technique developed. It is shown that the three dimensional stress states affect significantly the ultimate failure strength of AC-13 asphalt mixture and the failure modes are mainly represented both for the tensile failure and shear failure. The nonlinear strength criterions, as well as a linear engineering model of asphalt mixture under three-dimensional stress states in σ oct - τ oct space, were established based on the triaxial compressive/tensile tests, the plane tensile and compressive/axial tensile tests. In addition, a new method to carry out the strength design of asphalt pavement under the three-dimensional stress state was given to consider the failure effect of each stress component to the asphalt pavements.

Published
2018

42. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloy extruded by porthole die with different initial billets

Author

Zongshen Wang, J.H. Zhang, Cunsheng Zhang, Guoqun Zhao, and Liang Chen

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, Welding, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Grain size, law.invention, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Mechanics of Materials, law, Ultimate tensile strength, Dynamic recrystallization, engineering, General Materials Science, Extrusion, Texture (crystalline), Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Porthole die extrusion of Mg-Al-Zn alloy was conducted using the as-cast, as-homogenized and as-extruded billets. The effects of initial microstructure on grain size, secondary particle, texture and mechanical properties of the extruded profiles were investigated. The results showed that complete dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred in welding zone of all profiles, and the profile extruded from as-cast billet had the smallest DRXed grains. Large un-DRXed grains with {10−12} extension twins were found in the matrix zone of the profiles extruded from as-cast and as-homogenized billets. In welding zone, all profiles have a strong basal plane texture with directions parallel to transverse direction, while the texture intensity and distribution significantly varied with initial billets. The profile obtained from as-extruded billet exhibited inferior tensile properties due to its low solid bonding degree. The hardness distribution in matrix zone of the profiles was not uniform due to the inhomogeneous microstructure.

Published
2018

43. Selection of grain-boundary segregation elements for achieving stable and strong nanocrystalline Mg

Author

Xuecheng Cai, J.H. Zhang, N. Zhang, Haoyang Yu, Qiuming Peng, B.R. Sun, Tongde Shen, Yuan-yuan Liu, and Jian Yu Huang

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, Abnormal grain growth, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Grain size, Nanocrystalline material, Grain growth, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Impurity, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, General Materials Science, Thermal stability, Grain boundary, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Nanocrystalline metals, e.g., Mg, are often strong but with a low thermal stability. In this study, six solute elements, Ti, Zr, Ta, Co, Cr, La, which are immiscible in Mg under equilibrium conditions, are mechanically alloyed with Mg to study the extension of solid solubility, the thermal stability and the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Mg. Extended solid solubility of Ti and Zr solutes in Mg matrix is achieved after mechanical alloying. The nanocrystalline Mg is largely stabilized by Ti, moderately stabilized by Zr, and not stabilized by Ta, Co, Cr and La. The onset temperature for a rapid grain growth increases from 100 °C (0.4 Tm) for nanocrystalline Mg to ~ 350 °C (0.68 Tm) for nanocrystalline Mg0.95Ti0.05 (defined as Mg-5Ti). A relatively small grain size of ~ 145 nm is achieved in Mg-5Ti at 350 °C. The enhanced thermal stability of nanocrystalline Mg-Ti alloy can be attributed to the segregation of Ti atoms at grain boundaries. In addition, an abnormal grain growth is also observed because of the inhomogeneous distribution of solute/impurity atoms. The high thermal stability of nanocrystalline Mg-5Ti alloy enables us to degass the mechanically alloyed powders at a high temperature of 300 °C and achieve a porosity-free nanocrystalline bulk with a compressive yield strength of 183 MPa and a fracture strain of above 0.6.

Published
2018

44. Ultrahigh strength TiCnp/Mg–2Zn-0.8Sr-0.2Ca magnesium matrix composite processed by combining multidirectional forging with extrusion

Author

J.H. Zhang, Kai-bo Nie, Jungang Han, J.Y. Yi, and K.K. Deng

Subjects
Recrystallization (geology), Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Composite number, Forging, Mechanics of Materials, Ultimate tensile strength, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Extrusion, Dislocation, Composite material, Severe plastic deformation, Grain boundary strengthening
Abstract

A TiCnp /Mg–2Zn-0.8Sr-0.2Ca magnesium matrix composite was processed by the combination of multidirectional forging (MDF) with extrusion (EX). The composite exhibited ultrahigh mechanical properties (yield strength of ~500 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of ~544 MPa) after 6 passes of MDF at 300 °C, followed by EX at 0.1 mm/s and 200 °C. The grain boundary strengthening effect caused by grain refinement and high recrystallization rate, dislocation strengthening effect originated from the severe plastic deformation , as well as the Orowan strengthening effect inspired by the dynamically precipitated MgZn 2 phases and the added TiCnp were considered as the main contributors to the substantial increase in strength.

Published
2021

45. Simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility by aging treatment in fine-grained Mg-13Gd alloy

Author

Y.Q. Dai, J.H. Zhang, Rongguang Li, Liwei Lu, Ning Guo, P.F. Song, H. Zhang, and Guangyan Fu

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Structural material, Yield (engineering), Precipitation (chemistry), Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, General Materials Science, Composite material, Elongation, 0210 nano-technology, Ductility
Abstract

Ideal structural materials should have both high strength and good ductility. Aging treatment is an effective way to increase the strength of Mg alloys, but usually sacrifices their ductility. Here we have successfully achieved the synergetic enhancement of strength and ductility of the extruded Mg-13Gd alloy via aging treatment, and obtained a Mg alloy with a tensile yield strength of 400 MPa and an elongation of 15%. The synergetic improvement of strength and ductility is mainly attributed to the formation of high-density nanoscale β′ precipitates and a certain proportion of precipitation free zone in the microstructure dominated by dynamically recrystallized fine grains. The yield drop phenomenon in the tensile curves is sensitive to the existence of movable pinned-dislocations within grains. It is expected that the discussion in this study will be helpful to developing Mg alloys with high strength and ductility via aging treatment.

Published
2021

46. Enhancement of low temperature toughness of nanoprecipitates strengthened ferritic steel by delamination structure

Author

Liangwei Sun, Zhongwu Zhang, Chen Liang, Junpeng Li, Guangai Sun, Songsong Xu, J.H. Zhang, Shuming Peng, and Yu Zhao

Subjects
Toughness, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Delamination, Metallurgy, Charpy impact test, Fracture mechanics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, 020501 mining & metallurgy, Brittleness, 0205 materials engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Ultimate tensile strength, General Materials Science, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Ductility
Abstract

This study investigated the effects of aging and thermomechanical treatments on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a nanoprecipitates strengthened ferritic steel. The toughness of steel at various temperatures was measured carefully and correlated with microstructural features. Tensile tests show that aging can improve the mechanical strength without scarifying the ductility. With high yield strength of ~1000 MPa, excellent low temperature Charpy impact energy more than 300 J at −80 °C can be obtained. The ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT) is lower than −80 °C. The high strength can be contributed by the nanocluster precipitation as determined by small angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The excellent low temperature toughness is attributed to the delamination structure of the steel, which blunts the cracks and restrains the crack propagation.

Published
2017

49. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author

Brown, P. Zhou, Y. Tan, A.-C. El-Esawi, M.A. Liehr, T. Blanck, O. Gladue, D.P. Almeida, G.M.F. Cernava, T. Sorzano, C.O. Yeung, A.W.K. Engel, M.S. Chandrasekaran, A.R. Muth, T. Staege, M.S. Daulatabad, S.V. Widera, D. Zhang, J. Meule, A. Honjo, K. Pourret, O. Yin, C.-C. Zhang, Z. Cascella, M. Flegel, W.A. Goodyear, C.S. van Raaij, M.J. Bukowy-Bieryllo, Z. Campana, L.G. Kurniawan, N.A. Lalaouna, D. Hüttner, F.J. Ammerman, B.A. Ehret, F. Cobine, P.A. Tan, E.-C. Han, H. Xia, W. McCrum, C. Dings, R.P.M. Marinello, F. Nilsson, H. Nixon, B. Voskarides, K. Yang, L. Costa, V.D. Bengtsson-Palme, J. Bradshaw, W. Grimm, D.G. Kumar, N. Martis, E. Prieto, D. Sabnis, S.C. Amer, S.E.D.R. Liew, A.W.C. Perco, P. Rahimi, F. Riva, G. Zhang, C. Devkota, H.P. Ogami, K. Basharat, Z. Fierz, W. Siebers, R. Tan, K.H. Boehme, K.A. Brenneisen, P. Brown, J.A.L. Dalrymple, B.P. Harvey, D.J. Ng, G. Werten, S. Bleackley, M. Dai, Z. Dhariwal, R. Gelfer, Y. Hartmann, M.D. Miotla, P. Tamaian, R. Govender, P. Gurney-Champion, O.J. Kauppila, J.H. Zhang, X. Echeverría, N. Subhash, S. Sallmon, H. Tofani, M. Bae, T. Bosch, O. Cuív, P.O. Danchin, A. Diouf, B. Eerola, T. Evangelou, E. Filipp, F. Klump, H. Kurgan, L. Smith, S.S. Terrier, O. Tuttle, N. Ascher, D.B. Janga, S.C. Schulte, L.N. Becker, D. Browngardt, C. Bush, S.J. Gaullier, G. Ide, K. Meseko, C. Werner, G.D.A. Zaucha, J. Al-Farha, A.A. Greenwald, N.F. Popoola, S.I. Rahman, S. Xu, J. Yang, S.Y. Hiroi, N. Alper, O.M. Baker, C.I. Bitzer, M. Chacko, G. Debrabant, B. Dixon, R. Forano, E. Gilliham, M. Kelly, S. Klempnauer, K.-H. Lidbury, B.A. Lin, M.Z. Lynch, I. Ma, W. Maibach, E.W. Mather, D.E. Nandakumar, K.S. Ohgami, R.S. Parchi, P. Tressoldi, P. Xue, Y. Armitage, C. Barraud, P. Chatzitheochari, S. Coelho, L.P. Diao, J. Doxey, A.C. Gobet, A. Hu, P. Kaiser, S. Mitchell, K.M. Salama, M.F. Shabalin, I.G. Song, H. Stevanovic, D. Yadollahpour, A. Zeng, E. Zinke, K. Alimba, C.G. Beyene, T.J. Cao, Z. Chan, S.S. Gatchell, M. Kleppe, A. Piotrowski, M. Torga, G. Woldesemayat, A.A. Cosacak, M.I. Haston, S. Ross, S.A. Williams, R. Wong, A. Abramowitz, M.K. Effiong, A. Lee, S. Abid, M.B. Agarabi, C. Alaux, C. Albrecht, D.R. Atkins, G.J. Beck, C.R. Bonvin, A.M.J.J. Bourke, E. Brand, T. Braun, R.J. Bull, J.A. Cardoso, P. Carter, D. Delahay, R.M. Ducommun, B. Duijf, P.H.G. Epp, T. Eskelinen, E.-L. Fallah, M. Farber, D.B. Fernandez-Triana, J. Feyerabend, F. Florio, T. Friebe, M. Furuta, S. Gabrielsen, M. Gruber, J. Grybos, M. Han, Q. Heinrich, M. Helanterä, H. Huber, M. Jeltsch, A. Jiang, F. Josse, C. Jurman, G. Kamiya, H. de Keersmaecker, K. Kristiansson, E. de Leeuw, F.-E. Li, J. Liang, S. Lopez-Escamez, J.A. Lopez-Ruiz, F.J. Marchbank, K.J. Marschalek, R. Martín, C.S. Miele, A.E. Montagutelli, X. Morcillo, E. Nicoletti, R. Niehof, M. O'Toole, R. Ohtomo, T. Oster, H. Palma, J.-A. Paterson, R. Peifer, M. Portilla, M. Portillo, M.C. Pritchard, A.L. Pusch, S. Raghava, G.P.S. Roberts, N.J. Ross, K. Schuele, B. Sergeant, K. Shen, J. Stella, A. Sukocheva, O. Uversky, V.N. Vanneste, S. Villet, M.H. Viveiros, M. Vorholt, J.A. Weinstock, C. Yamato, M. Zabetakis, I. Zhao, X. Ziegler, A. Aizat, W.M. Atlas, L. Bridges, K.M. Chakraborty, S. Deschodt, M. Domingues, H.S. Esfahlani, S.S. Falk, S. Guisado, J.L. Kane, N.C. Kueberuwa, G. Lau, C.L. Liang, D. Liu, E. Luu, A.M. Ma, C. Ma, L. Moyer, R. Norris, A.D. Panthee, S. Parsons, J.R. Peng, Y. Pinto, I.M. Reschke, C.R. Sillanpää, E. Stewart, C.J. Uhle, F. Yang, H. Zhou, K. Zhu, S. Ashry, M. Bergsland, N. Berthold, M. Chen, C.-E. Colella, V. Cuypers, M. Eskew, E.A. Fan, X. Gajda, M. Gonzálezlez-Prendes, R. Goodin, A. Graham, E.B. Groen, E.J.N. Gutiérrez-Sacristán, A. Habes, M. Heffler, E. Higginbottom, D.B. Janzen, T. Jayaraman, J. Jibb, L.A. Jongen, S. Kinyanjui, T. Koleva-Kolarova, R.G. Li, Z. Liu, Y.-P. Lund, B.A. Lussier, A.A. Ma, L. Mier, P. Moore, M.D. Nagler, K. Orme, M.W. Pearson, J.A. Prajapati, A.S. Saito, Y. Tröder, S.E. Uchendu, F. Verloh, N. Voutchkova, D.D. Abu-Zaid, A. Bakkach, J. Baumert, P. Dono, M. Hanson, J. Herbelet, S. Hobbs, E. Kulkarni, A. Kumar, N. Liu, S. Loft, N.D. Reddan, T. Senghore, T. Vindin, H. Xu, H. Bannon, R. Chen, B. Cheung, J.T.K. Cooper, J. Esnakula, A.K. Feghali, K.A. Ghelardi, E. Gnasso, A. Horbar, J. Lai, H.M. Li, J. Ma, L. Ma, R. Pan, Z. Peres, M.A. Pranata, R. Seow, E. Sydes, M. Testoni, I. Westermair, A.L. Yang, Y. Afnan, M. Albiol, J. Albuquerque, L.G. Amir, S. Amiya, E. Amorim, R.M. An, Q. Andersen, S.U. Aplin, J.D. Argyropoulos, C. Asmann, Y.W. Assaeed, A.M. Atanasov, A.G. Atchison, D.A. Avery, S.V. Avillach, P. Baade, P.D. Backman, L. Badie, C. Baldi, A. Ball, E. Bardot, O. Barnett, A.G. Basner, M. Batra, J. Bazanova, O.M. Beale, A. Beddoe, T. Bell, M.L. Berezikov, E. Berners-Price, S. Bernhardt, P. Berry, E. Bessa, T.B. Billington, C. Birch, J. Blakely, R.D. Blaskovich, M.A.T. Blum, R. Boelaert, M. Bogdanos, D. Bosch, C. Bourgoin, T. Bouvard, D. Boykin, L.M. Bradley, G. Braun, D. Brownlie, J. Brühl, A. Burt, A. Butler, L.M. Byrareddy, S.N. Byrne, H.J. Cabantous, S. Calatayud, S. Candal, E. Carlson, K. Casillas, S. Castelvetro, V. Caswell, P.T. Cavalli, G. Cerovsky, V. Chagoyen, M. Chen, C.-S. Chen, D.F. Chen, H. Chen, H. Chen, J.-T. Chen, Y. Cheng, C. Cheng, J. Chinapaw, M. Chinopoulos, C. Cho, W.C.S. Chong, L. Chowdhury, D. Chwalibog, A. Ciresi, A. Cockcroft, S. Conesa, A. Cook, P.A. Cooper, D.N. Coqueret, O. Corea, E.M. Costa, A. Costa, E. Coupland, C. Crawford, S.Y. Cruz, A.D. Cui, H. Cui, Q. Culver, D.C. D'Angiulli, A. Dahms, T.E.S. Daigle, F. Dalgleish, R. Danielsen, H.E. Darras, S. Davidson, S.M. Day, D.A. Degirmenci, V. Demaison, L. Devriendt, K. Ding, J. Dogan, Y. Dong, X.C. Donner, C.F. Dressick, W. Drevon, C.A. Duan, H. Ducho, C. Dumaz, N. Dwarakanath, B.S. Ebell, M.H. Eisenhardt, S. Elkum, N. Engel, N. Erickson, T.B. Fairhead, M. Faville, M.J. Fejzo, M.S. Festa, F. Feteira, A. Flood-Page, P. Forsayeth, J. Fox, S.A. Franks, S.J. Frentiu, F.D. Frilander, M.J. Fu, X. Fujita, S. Galea, I. Galluzzi, L. Gani, F. Ganpule, A.P. García-Alix, A. Gedye, K. Giordano, M. Giunta, C. Gleeson, P.A. Goarant, C. Gong, H. Gora, D. Gough, M.J. Goyal, R. Graham, K.E. Grande-Pérez, A. Graves, P.M. Greidanus, H. Grice, D. Grunau, C. Gumulya, Y. Guo, Y. Gurevich, V.V. Gusev, O. Hacker, E. Hage, S.R. Hagen, G. Hahn, S. Haller, D.M. Hammerschmidt, S. Han, J. Han, R. Handfield, M. Hapuarachchi, H.C. Harder, T. Hardingham, J.E. Heck, M. Heers, M. Hew, K.F. Higuchi, Y. Hilaire, C.St. Hilton, R. Hodzic, E. Hone, A. Hongoh, Y. Hu, G. Huber, H.P. Hueso, L.E. Huirne, J. Hurt, L. Idborg, H. Ikeo, K. Ingley, E. Jakeman, P.M. Jensen, A. Jia, H. Jia, H. Jia, S. Jiang, J. Jiang, X. Jin, Y. Jo, D. Johnson, A.M. Johnston, M. Jonscher, K.R. Jorens, P.G. Jorgensen, J.O.L. Joubert, J.W. Jung, S.-H. Junior, A.M. Kahan, T. Kamboj, S.K. Kang, Y.-K. Karamanos, Y. Karp, N.A. Kelly, R. Kenna, R. Kennedy, J. Kersten, B. Khalaf, R.A. Khalid, J.M. Khatlani, T. Khider, T. Kijanka, G.S. King, S.R.B. Kluz, T. Knox, P. Kobayashi, T. Koch, K.-W. Kohonen-Corish, M.R.J. Kong, X. Konkle-Parker, D. Korpela, K.M. Kostrikis, L.G. Kraiczy, P. Kratz, H. Krause, G. Krebsbach, P.H. Kristensen, S.R. Kumari, P. Kunimatsu, A. Kurdak, H. Kwon, Y.D. Lachat, C. Lagisz, M. Laky, B. Lammerding, J. Lange, M. Larrosa, M. Laslett, A.L. Laverman, G.D. Leclair, E.E. Lee, K.-W. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, M.-S. Li, G. Li, J. Lieb, K. Lim, Y.Y. Lindsey, M.L. Line, P.-D. Liu, D. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, H. Lloyd, V.K. Lo, T.-W. Locci, E. Loidl, J. Lorenzen, J. Lorkowski, S. Lovell, N.H. Lu, H. Lu, W. Lu, Z. Luengo, G.S. Lundh, L.-G. Lysy, P.A. Mabb, A. Mack, H.G. Mackey, D.A. Mahdavi, S.R. Maher, P. Maher, T. Maity, S.N. Malgrange, B. Mamoulakis, C. Mangoni, A.A. Manke, T. Manstead, A.S.R. Mantalaris, A. Marsal, J. Marschall, H.-U. Martin, F.L. Martinez-Raga, J. Martinez-Salas, E. Mathieu, D. Matsui, Y. Maza, E. McCutcheon, J.E. McKay, G.J. McMillan, B. McMillan, N. Meads, C. Medina, L. Merrick, B.A. Metzger, D.W. Meunier, F.A. Michaelis, M. Micheau, O. Mihara, H. Mintz, E.M. Mizukami, T. Moalic, Y. Mohapatra, D.P. Monteiro, A. Montes, M. Moran, J.V. Morozov, S.Y. Mort, M. Murai, N. Murphy, D.J. Murphy, S.K. Murray, S.A. Naganawa, S. Nammi, S. Nasios, G. Natoli, R.M. Nguyen, F. Nicol, C. van Nieuwerburgh, F. Nilsen, E.B. Nobile, C.J. O'Mahony, M. Ohlsson, S. Olatunbosun, O. Olofsson, P. Ortiz, A. Ostrikov, K. Otto, S. Outeiro, T.F. Ouyang, S. Paganoni, S. Page, A. Palm, C. Paradies, Y. Parsons, M.H. Parsons, N. Pascal, P. Paul, E. Peckham, M. Pedemonte, N. Pellizzon, M.A. Petrelli, M. Pichugin, A. Pinto, C.J.C. Plevris, J.N. Pollesello, P. Polz, M. Ponti, G. Porcelli, P. Prince, M. Quinn, G.P. Quinn, T.J. Ramula, S. Rappsilber, J. Rehfeldt, F. Reiling, J.H. Remacle, C. Rezaei, M. Riddick, E.W. Ritter, U. Roach, N.W. Roberts, D.D. Robles, G. Rodrigues, T. Rodriguez, C. Roislien, J. Roobol, M.J. Rowe, A. Ruepp, A. van Ruitenbeek, J. Rust, P. Saad, S. Sack, G.H. Santos, M. Saudemont, A. Sava, G. Schrading, S. Schramm, A. Schreiber, M. Schuler, S. Schymkowitz, J. Sczyrba, A. Seib, K.L. Shi, H.-P. Shimada, T. Shin, J.-S. Shortt, C. Silveyra, P. Skinner, D. Small, I. Smeets, P.A.M. So, P.-W. Solano, F. Sonenshine, D.E. Song, J. Southall, T. Speakman, J.R. Srinivasan, M.V. Stabile, L.P. Stasiak, A. Steadman, K.J. Stein, N. Stephens, A.W. Stewart, D.I. Stine, K. Storlazzi, C. Stoynova, N.V. Strzalka, W. Suarez, O.M. Sultana, T. Sumant, A.V. Summers, M.J. Sun, G. Tacon, P. Tanaka, K. Tang, H. Tanino, Y. Targett-Adams, P. Tayebi, M. Tayyem, R. Tebbe, C.C. Telfer, E.E. Tempel, W. Teodorczyk-Injeyan, J.A. Thijs, G. Thorne, S. Thrift, A.G. Tiffon, C. Tinnefeld, P. Tjahjono, D.H. Tolle, F. Toth, E. Del Tredici, A.L. Tsapas, A. Tsirigotis, K. Turak, A. Tzotzos, G. Udo, E.E. Utsumi, T. Vaidyanathan, S. Vaillant, M. Valsesia, A. Vandenbroucke, R.E. Veiga, F.H. Vendrell, M. Vesk, P.A. Vickers, P. Victor, V.M. Villemur, R. Vohl, M.-C. Voolstra, C.R. 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Zaritsky, A. Zhang, Y. Zhao, H. Zuckerman, H. Lyu, R. Pullan, W. RELISH Consortium

Abstract

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press.

Published
2019

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