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2. Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy With Wavelength Modulation: Calibration-Free Measurement of Gas Compositions at Elevated Temperatures and Varying Pressure

Author

Walter Johnstone, J.D. Black, Robert Hay Cunningham, and A.J. McGettrick

Subjects
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, Materials science, business.industry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Optics, Pressure measurement, law, HITRAN, Gas composition, business, Spectroscopy, Tunable laser, Water vapor
Abstract

The validity of two new approaches to tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) in the near-IR, namely the residual amplitude modulation approach and the phasor decomposition method, is investigated for application in industrial process monitoring where the operating temperatures and pressures are high and subject to significant change. Both techniques allow the recovery of absolute absorption profile line shapes and are completely calibration free, making them very attractive for online deployment in stand alone instrumentation in harsh environments where the calibration factors in conventional TDLS methods are subject to significant cumulative errors and drift. Currently established TDLS techniques, and indeed conventional gas composition analysis techniques, suffer from significant limitations when applied under these conditions, and there is a clear need for the development of a suitable alternative. The primary focus in this work is the analysis of water vapor in solid oxide fuel cell diagnostics where the operating temperatures range from 700degC to 950degC, the gas pressures are subject to change and the recovered signal levels are low. The 1391.7 nm overtone water vapor transition is interrogated over the above temperature range of interest at concentrations of 6%-50%, while the 1650.96 nm methane transition is also analyzed over a range of gas pressures at a fixed concentration of 1%. Excellent agreement between the experimentally recovered absorption line shapes and simulations based on parameters from the HITRAN (2004) database is observed; further evidence for the efficacy of the techniques is demonstrated through the accuracy of the gas concentration measurements which were achieved by curve-fitting absorption line shape simulations to the experimental data.

Published
2009
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3. Contents Vol. 73, 2007

Author

C.E. Nwogu, A.N. Tenekeci, Pierre Michel, Michihide Mitsumori, Kohkichi Hata, Mariana Capurro, S. Maddipatla, R.V. Iyer, Eiji Miyoshi, H.J. Stemmler, Rosangela Romano, A. Douglas-Jones, B. Kalischefski, Sylvie Negrier, D. Laessig, J. Robson, Domenico Germano, Wong Benjamin Chun Yu, Torello Lotti, Chen Minhu, Peixing Wu, Jie Zhang, G. Paganelli, Metin Karakok, Rafael Roesler, P.A. Fasching, Toshinao Onoda, Takatsugu Kan, Tsuneo Tanaka, Hideyuki Ohnuma, Yasuhito Tonomoto, M. Stauch, Sung Ho Choi, Hui Yan Li, R.E. Mansel, C. Poettgen, S. Raj, Yan Wang, Daniela Massi, Xiaoyan Yang, Thomas Krbek, B. Sakar, Bülent Akgul, H. Kynaston, Dipok Kumar Dhar, H. Kölbl, Satoshi Shiojima, Vincenzo De Giorgi, J.D. Black, Bin Zhou, Evangelos Karayiotis, Seungmin Bang, Hong-zhi Luo, Akira Myoumoto, Bing Xu, Hitoshi Nobumasa, Pu Wang, Serena Sestini, Go Watanabe, Yutaka Shimada, Ibrahim Sari, S.R. Davies, Tadashi Kadowaki, Si Young Song, Shinichi Miyamoto, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Bai Aiping, G. Loewen, P. Maubach, Akira Miyauchi, Shen Benchang, F. Melchert, Shigemi Matsumoto, G. Morack, J. Alkhaddo, N. Natarajan, Atsushi Itami, Zong-guang Zhou, Luise Meurer, Lie Yang, Hai-yi Liu, Naofumi Nagasue, Kanako Yamanaka, Dirk Theegarten, Giulia Lo Russo, Gazi Comez, Aristotle Bamias, M.E. Reid, David Tougeron, Efstathios Kastritis, Eiji Tanaka, A. Chhabra, Sabine Levegruen, Marios Froudarakis, Andreas Koureas, Celalettin Camci, Yavuz Pehlivan, Jeong Youp Park, F. Eid, Dirk Jaeger, Gozoh Tsujimoto, N. Ramnath, A.U. Pande, G. Watkins, H.S. Fernando, H. Meerpohl, Mehmet Emin Kalender, Katsuhisa Noda, Helmut Teschler, Gilberto Schwartsmann, Xiao-Feng Sun, Genny Leporatti, M.A. Ustaoglu, Tetsuo Ito, Martin Stuschke, V. Heinemann, Alper Sevinc, Toshinori Sato, Noriko Okuyama, Bernard Paillot, Olivier Rigal, Yuan Li, Andreas Bockisch, M. Basaran, Nikos Antoniou, P. Dua, Sadako Yamagata, D. Mazhar, Hiroshi Yoshida, Wolfgang Stremmel, S. Saglam, Mei Hou, Wilfried Eberhardt, R.J. Menezes, N.F. Aykan, Michael Chrisofos, Hitoshi Matsumoto, C.M. Levea, Anastassios V. Koutsopoulos, Georgios Stamatis, Hideo Akiyama, Li Xiaoyan, Ling Wang, H. Hamidou, Maurie Markman, Luigi Manzione, Andreas Skolarikos, Yu-jian Zeng, Mario Dini, Jorge Filmus, A.K. Dixon, Frédéric Di Fiore, Daniela Baumann Cornelio, M. Emin Kalender, Stephen J. Meltzer, Wang Jinhui, A. Argon, Tatsuya Yamagata, M. Gumus, Motoshige Higashiyama, B. Weber, Song Xin, G. Alivizatos, Jiang Zhu, Sung Hoon Noh, Thomas Gauler, Yasuhiro Ito, Thomas R. W. Herrmann, Christina Herrmann, Jinghai Zhang, Yong Soo Kim, U. Vehling-Kaiser, H. Mehmet Turk, Z. Ustuner, Hilmar Kuehl, Christelle De La Fouchardiere, Chen Huixin, Woo Jin Hyung, Georgia Karpathiou, M.M. Javle, Olivia Diaz, Evangelia Argiana, A. Scharl, Ulrich Abel, George Lainakis, Fumiaki Sato, W.G. Jiang, M.V. Williams, Romain Coriat, G.Y. Yang, N. Guney, Shiori Tomoda, A. Rani, Françoise Desseigne, Jun-min Song, and Mitsuo Tachibana

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology, General Medicine
Published
2007
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4. Subject Index Vol. 73, 2007

Author

Serena Sestini, W.G. Jiang, Hideo Akiyama, Maurie Markman, M. Emin Kalender, Kohkichi Hata, Rosangela Romano, M. Basaran, Martin Stuschke, Satoshi Shiojima, Anastassios V. Koutsopoulos, Ibrahim Sari, Zong-guang Zhou, Georgia Karpathiou, M.M. Javle, Christelle De La Fouchardiere, Nikos Antoniou, Jie Zhang, Olivier Rigal, Yavuz Pehlivan, Atsushi Itami, Naofumi Nagasue, Wang Jinhui, N.F. Aykan, Michael Chrisofos, Hitoshi Matsumoto, Wilfried Eberhardt, H. Hamidou, Giulia Lo Russo, R.J. Menezes, Chen Huixin, A. Douglas-Jones, A. Scharl, Helmut Teschler, Romain Coriat, G.Y. Yang, Toshinao Onoda, N. Guney, G. Morack, Gozoh Tsujimoto, Torello Lotti, J. Robson, Li Xiaoyan, J. Alkhaddo, Go Watanabe, Yu-jian Zeng, A.K. Dixon, G. Watkins, Yutaka Shimada, Motoshige Higashiyama, S. Maddipatla, Shiori Tomoda, Ulrich Abel, Eiji Tanaka, Sabine Levegruen, Frédéric Di Fiore, Thomas Krbek, Andreas Skolarikos, Domenico Germano, George Lainakis, Gilberto Schwartsmann, Xiao-Feng Sun, Mehmet Emin Kalender, Tadashi Kadowaki, Si Young Song, A. Argon, Hideyuki Ohnuma, Tatsuya Yamagata, Yasuhito Tonomoto, Alper Sevinc, M. Stauch, Ling Wang, Jiang Zhu, Yuan Li, S.R. Davies, Bai Aiping, Sung Ho Choi, Daniela Baumann Cornelio, Genny Leporatti, A. Rani, U. Vehling-Kaiser, Takatsugu Kan, Yasuhiro Ito, C. Poettgen, Dirk Theegarten, Song Xin, B. Kalischefski, Christina Herrmann, Sylvie Negrier, Mei Hou, Pierre Michel, Bülent Akgul, D. Laessig, Dipok Kumar Dhar, Fumiaki Sato, C.M. Levea, Wolfgang Stremmel, F. Eid, Dirk Jaeger, A.U. Pande, Bin Zhou, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Woo Jin Hyung, Aristotle Bamias, David Tougeron, D. Mazhar, Hiroshi Yoshida, Bernard Paillot, Luise Meurer, Wong Benjamin Chun Yu, Gazi Comez, H.J. Stemmler, S. Saglam, A. Chhabra, Olivia Diaz, Jeong Youp Park, Evangelia Argiana, Akira Myoumoto, Bing Xu, Thomas Gauler, Hitoshi Nobumasa, Xiaoyan Yang, Tetsuo Ito, M.V. Williams, S. Raj, Toshinori Sato, Luigi Manzione, Mario Dini, H. Mehmet Turk, Jorge Filmus, Chen Minhu, Peixing Wu, Michihide Mitsumori, Z. Ustuner, Katsuhisa Noda, Françoise Desseigne, Jun-min Song, Mariana Capurro, Shen Benchang, Andreas Bockisch, Stephen J. Meltzer, G. Loewen, M.E. Reid, N. Natarajan, R.V. Iyer, Mitsuo Tachibana, Seungmin Bang, Lie Yang, Kanako Yamanaka, H. Kölbl, P. Maubach, Akira Miyauchi, C.E. Nwogu, M.A. Ustaoglu, A.N. Tenekeci, M. Gumus, V. Heinemann, Eiji Miyoshi, B. Weber, Noriko Okuyama, B. Sakar, Shinichi Miyamoto, N. Ramnath, Yan Wang, Shigemi Matsumoto, Rafael Roesler, Sung Hoon Noh, Hui Yan Li, Pu Wang, H. Meerpohl, Daniela Massi, J.D. Black, Georgios Stamatis, Marios Froudarakis, Andreas Koureas, Celalettin Camci, G. Alivizatos, P. Dua, Sadako Yamagata, Thomas R. W. Herrmann, Jinghai Zhang, Vincenzo De Giorgi, Yong Soo Kim, Hilmar Kuehl, Efstathios Kastritis, Evangelos Karayiotis, F. Melchert, Hai-yi Liu, G. Paganelli, R.E. Mansel, Metin Karakok, P.A. Fasching, H. Kynaston, Hong-zhi Luo, H.S. Fernando, and Tsuneo Tanaka

Subjects
Cancer Research, Index (economics), Oncology, Statistics, Subject (documents), General Medicine, Mathematics
Published
2007
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5. Localization of sites for 125I-labelled botulinum neurotoxin at murine neuromuscular junction and its binding to rat brain synaptosomes

Author

R.S. Williams, J. O. Dolly, J. Melling, Chun-Kee Tse, P. Hambleton, and J.D. Black

Subjects
Radioisotope Dilution Technique, Botulinum Toxins, Neurotoxins, Neuromuscular Junction, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, Neuromuscular junction, Iodine Radioisotopes, Mice, In vivo, medicine, Animals, Neurotoxin, Receptors, Cholinergic, Binding site, Toxin, Chemistry, Brain, Trypsin, Kinetics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Clostridium botulinum, Synaptic Vesicles, Acetylcholine, Synaptosomes, medicine.drug
Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxin, purified to homogeneity from Clostridium botulinum (Type A), was found to be highly neurotoxic (>8 x 10 7 mouse ld 50 /mg protein). Labelling of this pure neurotoxin with 125 I-iodine to high specific radioactivity was achieved without appreciable loss of biological activity. This was used to demonstrate saturable binding sites for this toxin at the neuromuscular junction, following in vivo administration into mice. A demonstrable inhibitory effect of the neurotoxin on release of acetylcholine from rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes indicates that it affects synapses in the central nervous system. Kinetic studies on the binding of 125 I-labelled neurotoxin to brain synaptosomes yielded an association rate constant of 2.3 x 10 5 M −1 s −1 ; dissociation plots were biphasic and the predominant species showed a rate constant of 1.2 x 10 −4 s −1 . The saturable binding component is heatsensitive and inactivated by trypsin. Preliminary studies showed that botulinum neurotoxin associates with plasma membrane fractions of synaptosomes and that binding does not result in any gross structural changes, at least in the majority of the toxin molecules.

Published
1982
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6. Redetermination of some of the spectroscopic constants of the electronic ground state of di-Nitrogen 14N2, 14N15N and 15N2 using coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy

Author

I. R. Beattie, T.R. Gilson, S. N. Jenny, D. A. Greenhalgh, and J.D. Black

Subjects
Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Nitrogen, Hot band, Spectral line, symbols.namesake, Laser linewidth, chemistry, symbols, General Materials Science, Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, Atomic physics, Ground state, Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy
Abstract

Calibrated coherent anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) spectra have been recorded for the resolved Q branches of the vibrational fundamentals and first hot bands of 14N2, 14N15N and 15N2 at a temperature of 1200 K. The spectra show a convolved linewidth of 0.13 cm−1, and have been used to derive new values of spectroscopic constants, for the species observed, with specific reference to the position of the Q branch lines where J > 20 for v = 1–0, and J = 0–30 for v = 2–1. The critical overlap region of the fundamental and the hot band may now be computer simulated with confidence, which should be of considerable help in combustor thermometry using CARS.

Published
1980
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8. The KEYWORD

Author

J.D. Black

Subjects
World Wide Web, System development, Focus (computing), Information retrieval, ABSTRACTING INDEXING, Computer science, Information processing, Library and Information Sciences, IBM, Division (mathematics), Information Systems
Abstract

It is only within the last six or seven years that the keyword has seriously been considered as a useful media for information processing and retrieval. This is in the main due to the efforts of H. P. Luhn of the IBM Advanced Systems Development Division. In this paper I intend to consider three of his techniques in which the keyword is exploited. But first of all let's bring the keyword into focus.

Published
1962
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9. Acceptors for botulinum neurotoxin reside on motor nerve terminals and mediate its internalization

Author

J.D. Black, J. Melling, J. O. Dolly, and R.S. Williams

Subjects
Botulinum Toxins, media_common.quotation_subject, Neuromuscular Junction, Synaptic Membranes, Motor nerve, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Neuromuscular junction, Mice, medicine, Neurotoxin, Animals, Botulism, Internalization, media_common, Motor Neurons, Nerve Endings, Multidisciplinary, Binding Sites, medicine.disease, Endocytosis, Cell biology, Kinetics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, Clostridium botulinum, Free nerve ending, Acetylcholine, medicine.drug
Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNY) type A, a causative agent of botulism, is a di-chain protein (molecular weight 140,000) from Clostridium botulinum, and the most neurotoxic substance known. Some cases of sudden infant cot deaths have been attributed to such a neuroparalytic condition. BoNT inhibits irreversibly the release of acetylcholine from peripheral nerves in a highly selective manner. Hence, it is potentially an invaluable probe for studying the mechanism of transmitter release. Here we demonstrate specific labelling of murine motor nerve terminals with neurotoxic, 125I-labelled BoNT (type A) by autoradiography. We observed saturable, temperature-sensitive binding of BoNT to sites which reside solely on the nerve terminal membrane; these were distributed on all unmyelinated areas, at an average density of 150-500 per micron2 of membrane. The binding was mediated by the larger subunit of the toxin and was inhibited partially by tetanus toxin, another microbial protein. No specific binding was detectable on any other cell types examined, including noradrenergic terminals. Following binding, internalization of radioactivity was observed; this process was energy-dependent as it could be prevented totally by azide or dinitrophenol (DNP). This direct demonstration of separable steps, including highly selective binding and acceptor-mediated internalization, is reconcilable with the unique potency and the multiphasic inhibitory action of BoNT on transmitter release, as shown electrophysiologically.

Published
1984

11. Total dose evaluation of state-of-the-art commercial analog to digital converters for space-based imaging applications

Author

R.L. Pease, A.L. Wilson, P.H. Eaton, J.D. Black, J.R. Chavez, and W.G. Merkel

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Total dose, Absorbed dose, Electronic engineering, Radiation, Converters, business, Pulse-width modulation
Abstract

Total ionizing dose evaluation was performed on state-of-the-art commercial analog to digital (A/D) converters for use in space-based imaging applications. Although none of the devices were suitable for imaging, the evaluation showed that at least four of the eleven devices met the 50 krad (Si) failure dose radiation goal. Additionally, some of the A/D converters showed a fast annealing characteristic. With room temperature annealing, one device exhibited at least a threefold increase in failure dose. This project demonstrated that some of the new commercial A/D converters may have space applicability outside of imaging and that a comprehensive testing program is required for COTS parts.

12. An approach to rotational temperatures of nitrogen in diffusion flames using coherent anti-stokes raman scattering

Author

J.D. Black, I.R. Beattie, and T.R. Gilson

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Nitrogen, Molecular physics, symbols.namesake, Fuel Technology, X-ray Raman scattering, chemistry, symbols, Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, Diffusion (business), Raman spectroscopy, Raman scattering
Published
1978
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