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Resumen Antecedentes y objetivos La heterogeneidad de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca y fraccion de eyeccion preservada (ICFEP) es elevada, por lo que se tiende a agrupar en fenotipos para intervenir con precision. Dentro de estos, los pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) mantienen esta heterogeneidad. Nuestro objetivo es describir grupos de pacientes con ICFEP y DM basados en otras comorbilidades. Material y metodos Los pacientes se reclutan desde el registro nacional de insuficiencia cardiaca (RICA). Se incluyen pacientes con fraccion de eyeccion mayor o igual al 50% sin valvulopatia y con DM. Se realiza un analisis aglomerativo jerarquico con el metodo de Ward incluyendo las siguientes variables: dislipemia, hepatopatia, EPOC, demencia, enfermedad cerebrovascular, arritmia, presion arterial sistolica, indice de masa corporal (IMC), estimacion del filtrado glomerular y hemoglobina. Resultados Se incluyen 1.934 pacientes con ICFEP, de los que 907 (46,9%) tenian DM, con predominio de mujeres (60,9%) y con un IMC de 31,1 (5,9) kg/m2. Se obtienen 4 grupos: dos con elevado riesgo vascular (uno con arritmia y otro no), con 263 pacientes el primero y 201 el segundo, otro con predominio de EPOC (140 pacientes) y un ultimo grupo de 303 pacientes con mas edad pero menos comorbilidad. Conclusiones En nuestros pacientes con ICFEP y DM predomina la obesidad y el sexo femenino. Los cuatro grupos ofrecen oportunidades de tratamiento para mejorar su pronostico no solo basadas en la utilizacion de nuevos farmacos antidiabeticos sino por otras opciones que pueden suponer un punto de partida para nuevas investigaciones.

This work aims to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and impact on prognosis of right bundle branch block (RBBB) in a cohort of acute heart failure (AHF) patients.We prospectively analyzed 3,638 AHF patients included in the RICA registry (National Heart Failure Registry of the Spanish Internal Medicine Society). We independently analyzed the relationship between baseline and clinical characteristics and the presence of RBBB as well as the potential impact of RBBB on 1-year all-cause mortality and a composite endpoint of 90-day post-discharge hospitalization or death.The prevalence of RBBB was 10.9%. Patients with RBBB were older, a higher proportion were male, had more pulmonary comorbidities, had higher left ventricular ejection fraction values, and had worse functional status. There were no differences in risk for patients with RBBB, with an adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for 1-year mortality of 1.05 (0.83-1.32), and for the composite endpoint of 90-day post-discharge hospitalization or death of 0.97 (0.74-1.25). These results were consistent on the sensitivity analyses.Few patients with AHF present with RBBB, which is consistently associated with advanced age, male sex, pulmonary comorbidities, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, and worse functional status. Nonetheless, after considering these factors, RBBB in AHF patients is not associated with worse outcomes.

Introduction and objectives Acute heart failure (AHF), can occur as decompensated chronic heart failure (HF) or as a first episode, “new onset”. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical characteristics and prognosis at one-year in a cohort of patients with new onset AHF. Methods Prospective observational study of 3550 patients with AHF. We compared patients with new onset HF with the others. Restricting the analysis to new onset AHF patients, we analysed the clinical characteristics, readmissions, mortality and impact of left ventricular ejection fraction on the prognosis. Results A total of 1105 (31%) patients fulfil the criteria for new onset AHF. These patients versus the rest, were younger, had a higher aetiology of hypertension and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, less global comorbidity and better baseline overall functional status. After one year, mortality in new onset HF was less than chronic decompensated HF (15 vs. 27%; p Conclusions New onset AHF shows a clinical profile and prognosis different to that of chronic decompensated HF. Higher comorbidity, renal function and treatment post-discharge predict a higher risk of mortality.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) puede suceder como una descompensacion de una IC cronica o como un primer episodio “de novo”. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las caracteristicas clinicas y el pronostico al ano, en una cohorte de ICA de novo. Metodos Estudio observacional y prospectivo de 3550 pacientes con ICA. Se analizan las caracteristicas clinicas, la fraccion de eyeccion ventricular izquierda, los reingresos y factores asociados a mayor mortalidad al ano de los pacientes con ICA de novo y se comparan con el resto. Resultados Un total de 1105 (31%) pacientes, presentaron ICA de novo. Este grupo fue mas joven, con mayor etiologia hipertensiva y fraccion de eyeccion ventricular izquierda preservada, mejor estado funcional y menor comorbilidad que el resto de la cohorte. Al ano de seguimiento, la mortalidad fue menor en ICA de novo frente a IC cronica descompensada (el 15 vs. el 27%; p Conclusiones Los pacientes con ICA de novo tienen un perfil clinico diferente a la IC cronica descompensada, con un mejor pronostico. Los principales factores predictores de mortalidad al ano en ICA de novo fueron la comorbilidad global, la funcion renal y el tipo de tratamiento al alta hospitalaria.

Objective Several studies have reported that a higher degree of hemoconcentration in patients admitted for the treatment of acute heart failure (HF) constitutes a favorable prognostic factor in the year following the index episode. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the highest degree of hemoconcentration at 3 months after admission for HF is also a prognostic factor for mortality and/or readmission in the 12 months after admission. Patients and method The hemoconcentration group was the upper quartile of the sample distributed according to hemoglobin increase at month 3 after discharge with respect to hemoglobin at the time of admission for HF in a multicenter prospective cohort of 1659 subjects with HF. Results The mean follow-up until the first event was 294 days, and a total of 487 deaths and 1125 readmissions were recorded. The hemoconcentration group had a lower risk of mortality or readmission for any cause (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.51–1.09 and RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.70–1.05), although statistical significance was lost after multivariate analysis, while it was retained for other factors with recognized negative impact on the prognosis of patients with HF, such as age and functional class. Conclusions The degree of hemoconcentration at 3 months after admission for HF is not prognostic of readmission or death in the subsequent year.

Resumen Objetivo Diferentes estudios senalan que la consecucion de una mayor hemoconcentracion en pacientes ingresados por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) aguda mejora el pronostico a lo largo del ano siguiente al episodio indice. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar si el grado de hemoconcentracion a los 3 meses tras el ingreso por IC tambien tiene valor pronostico de reingreso y/o mortalidad en los 12 meses siguientes al ingreso. Pacientes y metodo Cohorte prospectiva multicentrica de 1.659 pacientes con IC. El grupo hemoconcentracion (305 pacientes) se situo en el cuartil superior de la muestra distribuida en funcion del aumento de la hemoglobina en el mes 3 tras el alta con respecto a la hemoglobina en el ingreso por IC. Resultados Seguimiento medio hasta el primer evento fue de 294 dias, fallecieron 487 pacientes y reingresaron 1.125. El grupo hemoconcentracion mostro un riesgo menor de mortalidad o de reingreso por cualquier causa (RR = 0,75; IC 95%: 0,51-1,09 y RR = 0,86; IC 95%: 0,70-1,05), si bien la significacion estadistica se perdio tras el analisis multivariado. Sin embargo, esta significacion se mantuvo para otros factores con reconocido efecto negativo sobre el pronostico en pacientes con IC, como son la edad y la clase funcional. Conclusiones El grado de hemoconcentracion a los 3 meses tras el ingreso por IC no tiene valor pronostico de reingreso o muerte en el ano siguiente.

The European Society of Cardiology has recently published new guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (HF). This article aims to review these recommendations and their level of scientific evidence and to present the most innovative aspects. The most significant deviations from the 2012 edition are: 1) the introduction of the concept of HF with midrange LVEF (40-49%); 2) a new diagnostic algorithm for chronic HF, initially considering the clinical probability; 3) recommendations on preventing or delaying the apparition of HF; 4) indications for the use of the new sacubitril-valsartan compound, the first angiotensin receptor blocker and neprilysin inhibitor; 5) modification of indications for cardiac resynchronisation therapy; and 6) a new algorithm for a combined diagnostic and treatment strategy for acute HF based on the presence or absence of congestion and hypoperfusion.