50 results on '"J.C. Adloff"'
Search Results
2. Application of activation methods on the Dubna experimental transmutation set-ups
- Author
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Stylianos Stoulos, J.C. Adloff, C. Papastefanou, M. Zamani, R. Brandt, M. Manolopoulou, W. Westmeier, M. Fragopoulou, M. Debeauvais, M.I. Krivopustov, and A. N. Sosnin
- Subjects
Nuclotron ,Radiation ,Proton ,Nuclear transmutation ,Chemistry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Radiochemistry ,Radioactive waste ,Nuclear physics ,Activation product ,Depleted uranium ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Neutron ,Spallation ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
High spallation neutron fluxes were produced by irradiating massive heavy targets with proton beams in the GeV range. The experiments were performed at the Dubna High Energy Laboratory using the nuclotron accelerator. Two different experimental set-ups were used to produce neutron spectra convenient for transmutation of radioactive waste by (n,x) reactions. By a theoretical analysis neutron spectra can be reproduced from activation measurements. Thermal-epithermal and fast-super-fast neutron fluxes were estimated using the 197Au, 238U (n,gamma) and (n,2n) reactions, respectively. Depleted uranium transmutation rates were also studied in both experiments.
- Published
- 2003
3. Transmutation of239Pu and other nuclides using spallation neutrons produced by relativistic protons reacting with massive U- and Pb-targets
- Author
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M. Debeauvais, P. Vater, M. Zamani-Valasiadou, Vitaly Pronskikh, M.I. Krivopustov, A. N. Sosnin, A. A. Solnyshkin, E.-J. Langrock, S. R. Hashemi-Nezhad, R. Brandt, W. Westmeier, B.A. Kulakov, V. G. Kalinnikov, K.K. Dwivedi, Reinhard Odoj, Kh. M. Hella, Giuseppe Modolo, V.P. Perelygin, V. Bradnova, E. M. Lomonosova, L. Li, V. I. Stegailov, S.L. Guo, M. Y. Barabanov, A. R. Balabekyan, I.V. Zhuk, P. Chaloun, V. P. Bamblevski, J.-S. Wan, M.K. Kievets, J. Adam, J.C. Adloff, and V. M. Tsoupko-Sitnikov
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Physics ,Proton ,Nuclear transmutation ,Radiochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Natural uranium ,Uranium ,Energy amplifier ,Nuclear physics ,chemistry ,Spallation ,Neutron ,Nuclide ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
SummaryExperimental studies on the transmutation of some long-lived radioactive waste nuclei, such as129I,237Np, and239Pu, as well as on natural uranium and lanthanum were carried out at the Synchrophastron of the Laboratory for High Energies at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. The radioactive targets (I, Np and Pu) were contained in weld-sealed aluminium holders produced by the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia. Spallation neutrons were produced by relativistic protons with energies in the range of 0.5 GeV≤Ep≤1.5 GeV interacting with 20 cm long uranium or lead target stacks. The metallic targets were surrounded by 6 cm thick paraffin moderators. The uranium and lanthanum samples were positioned on the outside of the moderator surface and typically contained approximately 0.5 to 1.0 gram of uranium or lanthanum. The highest fluence of spallation neutrons was observed in the region of 5 to 10 cm downstream the entrance of the primary beam into the metallic target, rather independent of the target material or the proton energy. The results obtained by nuclear chemistry methods were supplemented by SSNTD (Solid State Nuclear Track Detector) studies. Consistent and systematic results ofB-values and spectral distributions for neutrons have been found. From the experimentally observed transmutation rates one can extrapolate that in a subcritical nuclear power assembly (or "energy amplifier") using a 10 mA proton beam of 1 GeV onto a Pb-target as used here, one can transmute within one month in one gram of sample about 3 mg129I, 21 mg237Np, 3.3 mg238U, and 200 mg239Pu. Rather similar results have been found by another group for129I and239Pu. Observations show that the transmutation rates increase almost linearly with the proton energy in the energy interval 0.5 GeV up to 7.4 GeV. These findings are largely confirmed by model calculations using the LAHET- and DCM/CEM-codes.
- Published
- 2002
4. Transmutation of 129I and 237Np using spallation neutrons produced by 1.5, 3.7 and 7.4GeV protons
- Author
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P. Vater, E.M. Lomonossova, V. I. Stegailov, A. N. Sosnin, B.A. Kulakov, E.-J. Langrock, I.V. Zhuk, Th. Schmidt, A.F. Kievitskaja, L. Li, V. Bradnova, T.D. Gridnev, K.K. Dwivedi, S.F. Boulyga, R. Brandt, Y.-L. Wang, M. Debeauvais, P.-W. Phlippen, Giuseppe Modolo, M. Zamani-Valassiadou, I.L. Rakhno, J.C. Adloff, V. P. Bamblevski, V. M. Tsoupko-Sitnikov, Reinhard Odoj, S.R. Hashemi-Nezhad, Shi-Lun Guo, J.-S. Wan, M.I. Krivopustov, V. G. Kalinnikov, J. Adam, V.P. Perelygin, L.K. Gelovani, Vitaly Pronskikh, William B. Wilson, and S.E. Chigrinov
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear transmutation ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Uranium ,Nuclear physics ,chemistry ,Nuclear track ,Spallation ,Neutron ,Irradiation ,Nuclide ,Instrumentation ,Secondary neutron - Abstract
Small samples of 129I and 237Np, two long-lived radwaste nuclides, were exposed to spallation neutron fluences from relatively small metal targets of lead and uranium, that were surrounded with a 6 cm thick paraffin moderator, and irradiated with 1.5, 3.7 and 7.4 GeV protons. The (n,γ) transmutation rates were determined for these nuclides. Conventional radiochemical La- and U-sensors and a variety of solid-state nuclear track detectors were irradiated simultaneously with secondary neutrons. Compared with results from calculations with well-known cascade codes (LAHET from Los Alamos and DCM/CEM from Dubna), the observed secondary neutron fluences are larger.
- Published
- 2001
5. New code for digital imaging system for track measurements
- Author
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A. Haessler, J.C. Adloff, Abdel-Mjid Nourreddine, Aziz Boukhair, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Track (disk drive) ,Detector ,Digital imaging ,Image processing ,Particle detector ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,Visualization ,Calibration ,Measuring instrument ,Computer vision ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Instrumentation - Abstract
A code for the numerical analysis of images from a CCD camera, including correction of acquisition system defects, has been written and applied to the visualization of α-particle tracks in the solid state nuclear track detectors CR39 and LR115. A standard mask having different diameter holes permitted the calibration of the imaging system. Comparison of manual scanning results with those given by the automatic system are presented for detectors exposed to α-particles of 241Am source. As application, the system was used to measure specific activities of 238U in the Moroccan phosphates and their phosphogypsums samples by contact autoradiography.
- Published
- 2000
6. α-Particle radioactivity from LR 115 by two methods of analysis
- Author
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Abdel-Mjid Nourreddine, J.C. Adloff, Khadija Azkour, and A. Pape
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Radiation ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Medical Physics ,Monte Carlo method ,Radiochemistry ,Mineralogy ,Phosphogypsum ,Alpha particle ,Mass spectrometry ,Particle detector ,Measuring instrument ,Dosimetry ,Gamma spectroscopy ,Instrumentation - Abstract
LR115 track detectors were exposed to samples of Moroccan phosphate and phosphogypsum to measure their α-particle radioactivity. Then two formalisms were used for the dosimetry: simulation by a Monte Carlo method and determination of concentrations from a numerically integrated track registration equation. The results were compared with those deduced γ-ray spectrometry.
- Published
- 1999
7. Studies on neutron production in the interaction of 7.4 GeV protons with extended lead target
- Author
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V.P. Perelygin, J.C. Adloff, Th. Schmidt, K.K. Dwivedi, Giuseppe Modolo, M. Zamani-Valassiadou, J. Adam, R. Brandt, M. Debeauvais, M.I. Krivopustov, B.A. Kulakov, V.P. Bamblevskij, P.-W. Philippen, V. I. Stegailov, P. Vater, V.M. Tsoupko-Sitnikov, A. N. Sosnin, E.-J. Langrock, B. Wilson, Reinhard Odoj, V. Bradnova, Vitaly Pronskikh, S. R. Hashemi-Nezhad, M. Ochs, J.-S. Wan, L.K. Gelovani, and V.K. Kalinnikov
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Radiation ,Proton ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Chemistry ,Nuclear Theory ,Radioactive waste ,Neutron temperature ,Nuclear physics ,Cylinder ,Neutron ,Irradiation ,Nuclear Experiment ,Lead (electronics) ,Instrumentation - Abstract
A cylindrical lead target of diameter 8 cm and length 20 cm was irradiated with 7.4 GeV protons along the axis of the cylinder. The lead target was surrounded with a paraffin layer of thickness 6 cm to moderate the neutrons produced in p + Pb reactions. The spatial distribution of the slow and fast neutrons on different surfaces of the moderator were determined using LR 115 2B detectors (through 10 B(n,α) 7 Li reactions) and CR39 detectors (through proton recoils) respectively. Such results can be valuable in the studies and design of Accelerator Driven Subcritical Nuclear Reactors and Nuclear Waste Incinerators.
- Published
- 1999
8. SSNTD and radiochemical studies on the transmutation of nuclei using relativistic ions
- Author
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V.P. Perelygin, Giuseppe Modolo, J.C. Adloff, R. Sudowe, M.I. Krivopustov, J.-S. Wan, Shi-Lun Guo, R. Brandt, M. Ochs, B.A. Kulakov, F. Fernandes, M. Bognitzki, V. I. Stegailov, Reinhard Odoj, V. S. Pronskich, V.S. Butsev, M. Zamani, I.G. Abdullaev, A. N. Sosnin, E.-J. Langrock, Th. Schmidt, V. M. Zupko-Sitnikov, I. Adam, P. Vater, V. Bradnova, M. Debeauvais, I.G. Bersina, A. N. Priemyshev, and K.K. Dwivedi
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Radiation ,Nuclear transmutation ,Radiochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Copper ,Ion ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,Deuterium ,chemistry ,Cascade ,law ,Neutron ,Irradiation ,Synchrophasotron ,Instrumentation - Abstract
Extended targets were irradiated for transmutation studies with relativistic heavy ions. For this, a metal core was surrounded by a paraffin moderator. The metal is either copper or lead and it was irradiated with deuterium, alpha, or carbon beams of 1.5 or 3.7 GeV/u at the SYNCHROPHASOTRON, LHE, JINR, Dubna, Russia. During this irradiation copious amounts of secondary neutrons are produced and studied with SSNTD detectors and radiochemical sensors, for example: 139 La (n,γ) 140 La→ B- . The yield of reaction products allows an estimation of secondary neutron fluxes. The yields of all kinds of reactions produced with deuterium and alpha beams obey to some extent the law of limiting fragmentation, i.e. they show little influence on the energy and the kind of incoming particles. However, one observes with 44 GeV 12 C ions always enhanced nuclear cross-sections induced by secondary particles. This behavior could not be confirmed with theoretical estimations based on the Dubna Cascade Model in its Cascade Evaporation Model version (DCM-CEM). Finally, some results for transmutation studies on 127 I and Cu will be presented.
- Published
- 1997
9. Multifragment events in theU238+Au197reaction at 15 MeV/nucleon
- Author
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M. Debeauvais, E. Luguera, F. Fernández, S. Jokic, J. Ralarosy, David D'Enterria, J.C. Adloff, and M. Zamani
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Fission ,Projectile ,Nuclear Theory ,Nuclear physics ,Excited state ,Production (computer science) ,Impact parameter ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleon ,Ternary operation ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
The $^{238}\mathrm{U}$+$^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ reaction has been studied at 15 MeV/nucleon bombarding energy. Correlations between two to seven final fragments with $Zg~8$ have been measured using CR-39 nuclear track detectors. An event-by-event kinematic analysis was carried out for three-body exit channel reactions which exhaust about half of the final fragment production cross section. Most of these ternary processes can be associated with intermediate and peripheral impact parameters. The dominant reaction mechanism is shown to be that of a first binary quasielastic or dissipative collision followed by the sequential binary fission of the excited quasi-$U$ (or to a lesser extent of the excited target remnant). We observe also a net drift of nucleons from the target to the projectile prior to its decay.
- Published
- 1995
10. Analysis of the sequential fission observed in collisions of100Mo +100Mo and120Sn +120Sn around 20 A�MeV
- Author
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P. R. Maurenzig, A. Péghaire, U. Jahnke, G. Rudolf, A. Gobbi, Alessandro Olmi, Giovanni Casini, Andrea Stefanini, D. Guerreau, D. Pelte, B. Bilwes, M. Petrovici, K. D. Hildenbrand, H. Stelzer, J. Galin, N. Herrmann, R. Bilwes, J.C. Adloff, R. Freifelder, R. J. Charity, F. Rami, M. Gnirs, and J. P. Wessels
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Physics ,Nuclear physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Mass asymmetry ,Fission ,Phase (matter) ,Relative velocity ,Nuclear fusion ,Non-equilibrium thermodynamics ,Atomic physics ,Coincidence - Abstract
Events with 2, 3 and 4 heavy fragments (A≥20) detected in the reactions100Mo +100Mo at 18.7, 23.7 A·MeV and120Sn +120Sn at 18.4 A·MeV were analyzed by means of an improved version of the kinematic coincidence method. The phase-space distributions prove that 3- (and possibly 4-) body events predominantly originate from a two-step mechanism and are compatible with the hypothesis of a binary deep-inelastic interaction followed by the further fissionlike decay of one (or both) of the primary fragments. The characteristics of the fission step — mass asymmetry, relative velocity, in-plane and out-of-plane angles — have been reconstructed for the 3-body events and indications are found that nonequilibrium effects at the end of the deep-inelastic phase may influence the fissionlike decay.
- Published
- 1995
11. Neutron production in extended Cu-target irradiated with relativistic 12C-ions at Dubna, as studied with SSNTD and nuclear chemistry
- Author
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M. Zamani, H. H. Cui, P. Vater, S. Gosh, M. Debeauvais, I.G. Bersina, S. Heise, S.L. Guo, Th. Schmidt, S. Vonderau, I.G. Abdullaev, E.M. Friedlander, V. Bradnova, J.C. Adloff, C. Laue, V.S. Butsev, K.K. Dwivedi, B. Bisplinghoff, V.P. Perelygin, A. N. Sosnin, E.-J. Langrock, M.I. Krivopustov, R. Brandt, B.A. Kulakov, X. Wang, and L. Lerman
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Radiation ,Neptunium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Uranium ,Ion ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Yield (chemistry) ,Uranium oxide ,Neutron ,Irradiation ,Synchrophasotron ,Instrumentation ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
An extended Cu-target was irradiated with 22 and 44 GeV carbon ions, The target was in contact with a (CH2)(n)-block for the moderation of secondary neutrons. Small holes in the moderator were filled with either lanthanium salts or uranium oxide. The reaction La-139 (n,gamma) La-140 -->/(beta) was studied via the decay of La-140 (40 h), and the reaction U-238 (n, gamma) U-239 -->/(beta) Np-239 -->/(beta) was studied via the decay of Np-239 (2.3 d). In addition, a variety of solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) were used. Results will be presented. The yields for the formation of (n, gamma) products agree essentially with other experiments on extended targets carried out at the Synchrophasotron LHE, JINR (Dubna). To a first approximation, the breeding rate of (n, gamma) products, as well as the specific track density, seen with several SSNTDs, doubles when the carbon energy is increased from 22 to 44 GeV. If, however, results at 44 GeV are compared in detail to those at 22 GeV, we observe an excess of (37 +/- 9) % in the experimentally observed Np-239-breeding rate over theoretical estimations. Experiments using solid state nuclear track detectors are giving similar results. We also observed in the past such excess in the yield of other secondary particles in relativistic heavy ion interactions above a total energy of approximately 35-40 GeV.
- Published
- 1995
12. Disassembly of highly excited nuclei: From evaporation to vaporization
- Author
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I. Iori, U. Lynen, G. Rudolf, J.C. Adloff, M. Begemann-Blaich, G.J. Kunde, W. Seidel, A. Moroni, G. Imme, A. Schüttauf, P. Bouissou, W. F. J. Müller, S. Leray, Robert Meijer, L. Stuttge, U. Milkau, A. Tucholski, Z. Liu, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, G. Raciti, C. Ngô, V. Lindenstruth, H. Sann, J. Hubele, J. Pochodzalla, and P. Kreutz
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Photon ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,Spectrometer ,Projectile ,Excited state ,Nuclear Theory ,Vaporization ,Multiplicity (chemistry) ,Atomic physics ,Impact parameter ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We have studied the fragmentation of Au projectiles interacting with targets of C, Al, Cu and Pb at an incident energy of E/A = 600 MeV. The experiment was performed with the ALADiN forward spectrometer at SIS. The employed inverse kinemantics allowed nearly complete detection of projectile fragments with charge Z ≥ 2. In addition, the number of light particles for each collision was measured. We compare different observables characterizing the event and investigate the impact parameter dependence of the fragmentation process. It is found that the correlation between the mean multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments 〈Mimf〉 and Zbound, the sum charges of all projectile fragments with Z≥2, is independent of the target nucleus. This universal behavior is consistent with an - at least partial - equilibration of the projectile fragment prior to its decay. Finally we compare to two classes of statistical models, the sequential decay code GEMINI and statistical multifragmentation models.
- Published
- 1993
13. Application of SSNTD in nuclear physics and especially to the reaction 238U + Ag at 15 MeV/n
- Author
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F. Fernández, M. Debeauvais, S. Jokic, J.C. Adloff, Svetislav Savović, M. Zamani, and J. Ralarosy
- Subjects
Nuclear physics ,Chemistry ,Cr 39 detector ,General Engineering ,Function (mathematics) ,Impact parameter ,Atomic physics - Abstract
Reactions of 15 MeV/n 238 U on Ag have been studied by means of CR 39 detector. Analysis of 3 pronged events was done and classified as a function of impact parameter. For 4 and 5 pronged events, two and three steps mechanisms were found.
- Published
- 1993
14. Statistical fragmentation of Au projectiles atE/A=600 MeV
- Author
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J. Hubele, Gerd Joachim Kunde, H. Sann, W. A. Friedman, M. Begemann-Blaich, C. Ngô, P. Kreutz, G. Imme, J. Pochodzalla, Alfred R. Deangelis, I. Iori, D.H.E. Gross, H.R. Jaqaman, P. Bouissou, Z. Liu, W. Seidel, U. Lynen, U. Milkau, R. Heck, A. Tucholski, H. Schulz, J.C. Adloff, Robert Meijer, G. Raciti, W. F. J. Müller, L. Stuttge, A. Schüttauf, S. Leray, R. J. Charity, V. Lindenstruth, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, G. Rudolf, A. Moroni, and H. W. Barz
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Physics ,Nuclear reaction ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Projectile ,Isotopes of copper ,Computer Science::Information Retrieval ,Nuclear Theory ,Breakup ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,Incident energy ,Isotopes of gold ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Excitation - Abstract
The mean multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments (IMF) {l angle}{ital M}{sub IMF}{r angle} produced by fragmentation of Au projectiles interacting with targets of C, Al, Cu, and Pb at an incident energy of {ital E}/{ital A}=600 MeV is compared to predictions of statistical multifragmentation and sequential evaporation models. The initial conditions for the calculations were provided by Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck simulations. In the high excitation energy regime where the IMF multiplicity reaches its maximum the observed universal correlation between {l angle}{ital M}{sub IMF}{r angle} and the total charge {ital Z}{sub bound} of projectile fragments with charges {ital Z}{ge}2 cannot be reproduced by a sequential evaporation code. In this regime the data are better described by statistical decay calculations which assume the formation of an expanded nuclear system and a rather fast breakup.
- Published
- 1992
15. Energy damping and intermediate-velocity fragment emission in peripheral Kr+Au collisions at 43 MeV/u
- Author
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B. Bilwes, C. Le Brun, R. Bilwes, J.C. Steckmeyer, J.F. Lecolley, R. Bougault, F. Delaunay, D. Horn, J.L. Ferrero, M. Glaser, A. Genoux-Lubain, G. Rudolf, F. Scheibling, L. Stuttge, J. Colin, M. Louvel, F. Cosmo, and J.C. Adloff
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Nuclear reaction ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Fission ,Fragment (computer graphics) ,Nuclear Theory ,Evaporation ,Collision ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Dissipative system ,medicine ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleus - Abstract
Triple and four-fold coincidences among fragments have been measured in the reaction 84 Kr+Au at 43 MeV/u. All events showing the projectile-like nucleus and fission fragments of the target-like nucleus, and all events with one additional intermediate-velocity fragment, were analysed in the frame of a dissipative collision and a participant-spectator model. The mechanism is basically that of a dissipative collision but the emission of the intermediate velocity fragment by the target differs from an equilibrated evaporation.
- Published
- 1992
16. The rise and fall of multifragment production in 197Au + C, Al, and Cu reactions at E/A = 600 MeV
- Author
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P. Bouissou, Giuseppina Raciti, Z. Liu, G. Rudolf, J.C. Adloff, H. Sann, Robert Meijer, A. Schüttauf, A. Tucholski, U. Lynen, W. Seidel, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, Volker Lindenstruth, S. Leray, W. F. J. Müller, J. Pochodzalla, I. Iori, G. Imme, C. Ngô, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, A. Moroni, L. Stuttge, J. Hubele, Gerd Joachim Kunde, P. Kreutz, and U. Milkau
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Spectrometer ,Nuclear Theory ,Nuclear physics ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,Vaporization ,C/AL ,Multiplicity (chemistry) ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleon ,computer ,Beam energy ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
We have studied the transition from the evaporation to the vaporization regime in 197Au induced reactions on C, Al, and Cu targets at a beam energy of 600 MeV per nucleon. The experiment was performed with the ALADIN forward spectrometer at SIS. We find that with increasing violence of the collision the mean multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments first increases to a maximum ⋍ 3.5 and then decreases again. Calculations using the BUU model suggest that the fragmentation is governed by the energy Edep deposited into the Au nucleus and that the maximum of is reached around Edep = 8 MeV/nucleon.
- Published
- 1992
17. XYZt, a multidetector for fast intermediate-mass fragments
- Author
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F. Scheibling, M. Glaser, A. Kamili, G. Rudolf, R. Bilwes, F. Cosmo, B. Bilwes, Louise Stuttge, J.C. Adloff, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Nuclear reaction ,Elastic scattering ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Photon ,Scattering ,Cyclotron ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Particle detector ,law.invention ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,law ,Ionization ,Measuring instrument ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Instrumentation - Abstract
XYZt is a multidetector specially designed to measure intermediate-mass fragments emitted at small angles (2° E A > 20 MeV/u . It consists of 12 independent modules which can be placed in any geometry. Each module is composed of an avalanche counter measuring time and position, and an ionisation chamber measuring an energy-loss. XYZt allows coincidence measurements in an angular range extending below the grazing angle. In experiments performed at GANIL, it detects Z > 4 fragments, separates the charges up to Z = 15, has a time resolution better than 1 ns and is transparent to light particles.
- Published
- 1991
18. Fragmentation of gold projectiles: From evaporation to total disassembly
- Author
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S. Leray, A. Tucholski, V. Lindenstruth, G. Raciti, P. Kreutz, G. Imme, U. Milkau, U. Lynen, G. Rudolf, M. Begemann-Blaich, Robert Meijer, Z. Liu, H. Sann, W. Seidel, A. Moroni, W. Trautmann, C. Ngô, C. A. Ogilvie, A. Schüttauf, W. F. J. Müller, L. Stuttge, J.C. Adloff, G.J. Kunde, P. Bouissou, I. Iori, J. Pochodzalla, J. Hubele, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Projectile ,Observable ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Charged particle ,Nuclear physics ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,medicine ,Nuclear fusion ,Multiplicity (chemistry) ,Impact parameter ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleus - Abstract
We have studied the fragmentation of Au projectiles interacting with targets of C, Al and Cu at an incident energy ofE/A=600 MeV. The employed inverse kinematics allowed a nearly complete detection of projectile fragments with chargeZ≧2. The recorded fragmentation events were sorted according to three observables, the multiplicityMlp of light charged particles, the largest atomic numberZmax within an event, and a new observable,Zbound, representing the sum of the atomic numbersZ of all fragments withZ≧2. Using these observables, the impact parameter dependence of the fragmentation process was investigated. For all three targets, a maximum mean multiplicity of 3 to 4 intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) is observed. The corresponding impact parameters range from central collisions for theC target to increasingly peripheral collisions for the heavier targets. It is found that the correlation between the IMF multiplicity andZbound, extending from evaporation type processes (largeZbound) to the total disassembly of the projectile (smallZbound), is independent of the target nucleus. This universal behaviour may suggest an — at least partial — equilibration of the projectile fragment prior to its decay.
- Published
- 1991
19. Interpretation of the 3-pronged events from the 238U+Au reaction registered within CR 39 solid state nuclear track detectors
- Author
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M. Debeauvais, J. Ralarosy, S. Jokic, F. Fernández, Z. Todorović, M. Zamani, and J.C. Adloff
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear physics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nuclear track ,chemistry ,Fission ,Detector ,Solid-state ,Context (language use) ,Atomic physics ,Kinetic energy ,CR-39 ,Interpretation (model theory) - Abstract
Reactions of 15 MeV/n 238 U on Au have been studied by means of CR 39 solid state nuclear track detectors. Among the different events observed, all 3-pronged events were selected and examined. It is found that at final state the quasi totality of these events, say 87%, proceed by fission reactions. Analysis in the context of participant-spectator model has shown evidence for two different fission processes. Fission events derived from the break-up of the participant nuclei represent ∼78% of the events, whereas ∼9% issue from the spectator. The mean kinetic energy loss is ∼11 % of the incident energy.
- Published
- 1991
20. Multifragment emission in reactions ofKr84on Ag and Au at 17.7, 27, and 35 MeV/nucleon
- Author
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J. Ralarosy, F. Fernández, M. Zamani, S. Jokic, Dimitrios Sampsonidis, J.C. Adloff, and M. Debeauvais
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear reaction ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Solid-state ,Nuclear physics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Angular distribution ,chemistry ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,Nuclear track ,Incident energy ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,CR-39 ,Nucleon - Abstract
CR 39 solid state nuclear track detectors have been used to study the reaction products of 17.7, 27, and 35 MeV/nucleon $^{84}\mathrm{Kr}$ on Au and Ag. The visual detectors allow studying interactions producing two or more correlated intermediate mass fragments in the final state. The characteristics of these events are such that they probably arise from a fragmentation process of the quasitarget or some intermediate zone. The cross sections of 3, 4, and (5+6) correlated fragments increase with increasing $^{84}\mathrm{Kr}$ incident energy for both targets.
- Published
- 1990
21. Spatial distribution of moderated neutrons along a Pb target irradiated by high-energy protons
- Author
-
B.A. Kulakov, M.I. Krivopustov, M. Zamani Valasiadou, M. Debeauvais, W. Westmeier, A. N. Sosnin, J.C. Adloff, Stylianos Stoulos, M. Fragopoulou, R. Brandt, M. Manolopoulou, Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear transmutation ,Proton ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear Theory ,Spallation reactions ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Nuclear physics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,0103 physical sciences ,Neutron cross section ,Neutron ,Spallation ,Nuclear Experiment ,Instrumentation ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Neutron stimulated emission computed tomography ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Neutron temperature ,Neutron sources ,biological sciences ,Neutron source ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,25.40.Sc ,29.25.Dz ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) - Abstract
High-energy protons in the range of 0.5–7.4 GeV have irradiated an extended Pb target covered with a paraffin moderator. The moderator was used in order to shift the hard Pb spallation neutron spectrum to lower energies and to increase the transmutation efficiency via (n,γ) reactions. Neutron distributions along and inside the paraffin moderator were measured. An analysis of the experimental results was performed based on particle production by high-energy interactions with heavy targets and neutron spectrum shifting by the paraffin. Conclusions about the spallation neutron production in the target and moderation through the paraffin are presented. The study of the total neutron fluence on the moderator surface as a function of the proton beam energy shows that neutron cost is improved up to 1 GeV. For higher proton beam energies it remains constant with a tendency to decline.
- Published
- 2006
22. QMD simulation of multifragment production in heavy ion collisions at E/A=600 MeV
- Author
-
V. Lindenstruth, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, Robert Meijer, J. Hubele, W. Seidel, A. Tucholski, A. Schüttauf, H. Sann, S. Leray, J. Aichelin, U. Milkau, J. Pochodzalla, Gerd Joachim Kunde, C. Ngô, W. F. J. Müller, P. Kreutz, L. Stuttge, J.C. Adloff, P. Bouissou, M. Begemann-Blaich, Z. Liu, G. Raciti, U. Lynen, I. Iori, G. Imme, A. Moroni, and G. Rudolf
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Spectrometer ,Nuclear Theory ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Copper ,Quantum molecular dynamics ,Nuclear physics ,chemistry ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,Heavy ion ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleon - Abstract
With the ALADiN forward spectrometer the fragmentation of gold nuclei at 600 MeV per nucleon after interaction with carbon, aluminum, copper and lead targets has been investigated. The results are compared to Quantum Molecular Dynamics calculations using soft and hard equations of state.
- Published
- 1993
23. Transmutation studies using SSNTD and radiochemistry and the associated production of secondary neutrons
- Author
-
V.P. Perelygin, V. I. Stegailov, V.M. Tsoupko-Sitnikov, Giuseppe Modolo, F. Pape, V.P. Bamblevskij, M. Zamani-Valassiadou, M. Debeauvais, V. Bradnova, J. Adam, Shi-Lun Guo, L. Li, P.-W. Phiippen, V.K. Kalinnikov, M.I. Krivopustov, A. N. Sosnin, Reinhard Odoj, R. Brandt, P. Vater, Th. Schmidt, E.-J. Langrock, K.K. Dwivedi, J.C. Adloff, Y.-L. Wang, B. Wilson, B.A. Kulakov, M. Ochs, S. R. Hashemi-Nezhad, Vitaly Pronskikh, J.-S. Wan, L.K. Gelovani, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Physics ,Radiation ,Large Hadron Collider ,Nuclear transmutation ,Radiochemistry ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,law ,Neutron ,Russian federation ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,Synchrophasotron ,Instrumentation ,Secondary neutron - Abstract
Experiments using 1.5 GeV, 3.7 GeV and 7.4 GeV protons from the Synchrophasotron, LHE, JINR, Dubna, Russia, on extended Pb- and U-targets were carried out using SSNTD and radiochemical sensors for the study of secondary neutron fluences. We also carried out first transmulation studies on the long-lived radwaste nuclei 129I and 237Np. In addition, we carried out computer code simulation studies on these systems using LAHET and DCM/CEM codes. We have difficulties to understand rather large transmutation rates observed experimentally when they are compared with computer simulations. There seems to be a rather fundamental problem understanding the large transmutation rates as observed experimentally in Dubna and CERN, as compared to those theoretical computer simulations mentioned above.
- Published
- 1999
24. Breakup conditions of projectile spectators from dynamical observables
- Author
-
M. Begemann-Blaich, J.C. Adloff, Gerd Joachim Kunde, Z. Liu, P. Kreutz, P. Bouissou, W. F. J. Müller, J. Hubele, A. Moroni, A. Tucholski, C. Ngô, L. Stuttge, Volker Lindenstruth, G. Rudolf, H. Sann, W. Seidel, M. Schnittker, Robert Meijer, J. Pochodzalla, G. Imme, G. Raciti, A. Schüttauf, S. Leray, U. Milkau, I. Iori, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, U. Lynen, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette
- Subjects
Mass number ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Angular momentum ,Particle physics ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Projectile ,Nuclear Theory ,Monte Carlo method ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Observable ,Rest frame ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Breakup ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment ,010306 general physics ,Nucleon - Abstract
Momenta and masses of heavy projectile fragments (Z >= 8), produced in collisions of 197Au with C, Al, Cu and Pb targets at E/A = 600 MeV, were determined with the ALADIN magnetic spectrometer at SIS. An analysis of kinematic correlations between the two and three heaviest projectile fragments in their rest frame was performed. The sensitivity of these correlations to the conditions at breakup was verified within the schematic SOS-model. The data were compared to calculations with statistical multifragmentation models and to classical three-body calculations. Classical trajectory calculations reproduce the dynamical observables. The deduced breakup parameters, however, differ considerably from those assumed in the statistical multifragmentation models which describe the charge correlations. If, on the other hand, the analysis of kinematic and charge correlations is performed for events with two and three heavy fragments produced by statistical multifragmentation codes, a good agreement with the data is found with the exception that the fluctuation widths of the intrinsic fragment energies are significantly underestimated. A new version of the multifragmentation code MCFRAG was therefore used to investigate the potential role of angular momentum at the breakup stage. If a mean angular momentum of 0.75$\hbar$/nucleon is added to the system, the energy fluctuations can be reproduced, but at the same time the charge partitions are modified and deviate from the data. PACS numbers: 25.70.Mn, 25.70.Pq, 25.75.Ld, 25.75.-q, 38 pages, RevTeX with 21 included figures; Also available from http://www-kp3.gsi.de/www/kp3/aladin_publications.html
- Published
- 1998
25. High flux neutron production from $^{12}$C beams on heavy targets
- Author
-
M.I. Krivopustov, B.A. Kulakov, M. Zamani, M. Ochs, M. Debeauvais, V.S. Butsev, A. N. Sosnin, R. Brandt, F. Fernández, J.C. Adloff, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Radiation ,Chemistry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Neutron temperature ,law.invention ,Ion ,Nuclear physics ,law ,Radiation damage ,Neutron ,Gamma spectroscopy ,Spallation ,Irradiation ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,Synchrophasotron ,Nuclear Experiment ,Instrumentation - Abstract
Spallation neutrons produced from 12 C ions at 18 and 44 GeV on Cu and Pb targets were studied as well as thermalization in appropriate moderators. The irradiation were performed at the Dubna LHE Synchrophasotron. Results are given for thermal and fast neutrons estimated and compared with different experimental methods.
- Published
- 1997
26. Projectile fragmentation of $^{16}$O and $^{32}$S at 3.65 gev/n on several targets
- Author
-
Dimitrios Sampsonidis, M. Debeauvais, B.A. Kulakov, M. Zamani, M.I. Krivopustov, V.S. Butsev, J.C. Adloff, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Nuclear reaction ,Radiation ,Isotope ,Chemistry ,Track (disk drive) ,Detector ,Charge (physics) ,Nuclear physics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,Irradiation ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,CR-39 ,Instrumentation - Abstract
We investigate the charge changing collisions for 16 O and 32 S beams at 3.65 GeV/n on several targets, by using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD). Track measurements were performed by an automatic measurement system. We determined the total charge changing cross sections and the elemental cross sections for the production of fragments of charge 9 ≤ Z ≤ 14. Comparison with theoretical models as well as with experimental data are given.
- Published
- 1995
27. Fragmentation pattern in sequential emission spectra
- Author
-
J.C. Adloff, C. Le Brun, J. Lemière, B. Rastegar, R. Brou, F. Delaunay, L. Stuttge, M. Louvel, J.F. Lecolley, J.L. Ferrero, F. Lefebvres, R. Legrain, B. Bilwes, F. Scheibling, F. Guilbault, G.M. Jin, M. Glaser, M. Mahi, A. Genoux-Lubain, Y. Cassagnou, Jean Péter, C. Lebrun, O. Lopez, Elio Rosato, B. Tamain, G. Rudolf, F. Cosmo, A. Péghaire, G. Bizard, J. Colin, R. Bilwes, R. Bougault, M. Aboufirassi, S. Tomasevic, J.L. Laville, D. Durand, J.C. Steckmeyer, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Photon ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Spectral line ,Thermalisation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,Coincident ,medicine ,Emission spectrum ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleus - Abstract
Coincident light particles and fragments produced in Kr+Au reactions at 27, 44 and 60 MeV/u have been measured with a large solid-angle set-up. Energy spectra of Z=1, 2 and 3 particles sequentially emitted by the slowed-down projectile-like nucleus evolve between an evaporation and a fragmentation pattern, suggesting a saturation in the thermalisation process.
- Published
- 1993
28. Multi-fragment events as a probe of nuclear disassembly
- Author
-
M. Begemann-Blaich, U. Lynen, G. Imme, H. Sann, W. Seidel, G. Rudolf, I. Iori, Gerd Joachim Kunde, J. Pochodzalla, A. Moroni, A. Tucholski, W. F. J. Müller, P. Kreutz, L. Stuttge, J. Hubele, Robert Meijer, C. Ngô, U. Milkau, Z. Liu, J.C. Adloff, G. Raciti, P. Bouissou, V. Lindenstruth, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, A. Schüttauf, S. Leray, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Phase transition ,Fragment (logic) ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Observable ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We review the recent results on the multi-fragment decay of heated nuclear systems that are formed in asymmetric heavy-ion collisions. Particular emphasis is placed on those observables that are sensitive to the fluctuations in the decaying system and their possible role in extracting the physics of phase transitions in nuclear systems.
- Published
- 1992
29. Total reaction cross sections at relativistic energies
- Author
-
V.S. Butsev, B.A. Kulakov, J. Ralarosy, M.I. Krivopustov, H.H. Cui, J.C. Adloff, M. Zamani, S. Jokic, F. Fernández, Y.H. Guo, M. Debeauvais, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear physics ,Nuclear reaction ,Nuclear track ,Projectile ,Cr 39 detector ,Detector ,Nuclear cross section ,Track detectors ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
Total reaction cross sections of C-12, O-16 and Mg-24 projectiles were determined in several targets, by means of Nuclear Track Detectors. The beams at 4.5 GeV/N for C-12 and Mg-24 and 3.65 GeV/N for O-16 were taken from Dubna accelerator. Our results exhibit the geometrical dependence on nuclear radii. They are in good agreement with Vary's cross sections (Vary, 1975) taking the overlap parameter to be dependent on interacting masses.
- Published
- 1991
30. Rise and fall of multifragment emission
- Author
-
G. Rudolf, H. Sann, J. Pochodzalla, A. Tucholski, J. Hubele, G. J. Kunde, P. Kreutz, S. Leray, G. Raciti, I. Iori, V. Lindenstruth, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, W. F. J. Müller, M. Begemann-Blaich, Robert Meijer, Z. Liu, L. Stuttge, U. Milkau, J.C. Adloff, C. Ng, U. Lynen, A. Schüttauf, G. Imme, P. Bouissou, W. Seidel, Heyd, Yvette, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Nuclear reaction ,Physics ,Photon ,Projectile ,Isotopes of copper ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Computer Science::Information Retrieval ,Nuclear Theory ,General Physics and Astronomy ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Angular distribution ,Isotopes of gold ,Multiplicity (chemistry) ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleon - Abstract
We have studied multifragment decays of Au projectiles after collisions with C, Al, and Cu targets at a bombarding energy of 600 MeV nucleon. We find that with increasing violence of the collision, measured via the multiplicity of light particles, the mean multiplicity of intermediate-mass fragments originating from the projectile first increases to a maximum {l angle}{ital M}{sub IMF}{r angle}{congruent}3 and then decreases again. Calculations using the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model suggest that the fragmentation is governed by the energy {ital E}{sub dep} deposited into the projectile spectator and that {l angle}{ital M}{sub IMF}{r angle} reaches its maximum around {ital E}{sub dep}{congruent}8 MeV/nucleon.
- Published
- 1991
31. Results on two-three-and four-body events from the $^{100}$Mo + $^{100}$Mo and $^{120}$Sn + $^{120}$Sn collisions around E/A=20 MeV
- Author
-
A. Péghaire, J. Galin, Giovanni Casini, R. Bilwes, F. Rami, J.C. Adloff, R. Freifelder, D. Guerreau, J. P. Wessels, Alessandro Olmi, D. Pelte, B. Bilwes, K. D. Hildenbrand, R. J. Charity, M. Gnirs, Andrea Stefanini, N. Herrmann, P. R. Maurenzig, U. Jahnke, H. Stelzer, A. Gobbi, G. Rudolf, M. Petrovici, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Photon ,Drop (liquid) ,Light particle ,Dissipation ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Coincidence ,Nuclear physics ,Excited state ,Nuclear fusion ,Atomic physics ,Impact parameter ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
Events with 2, 3 and 4 heavy-fragments (A≧20) have been detected in the reactions100Mo+100Mo atE/A =18.7, 23.7 MeV and120Sn+120Sn atE/A=18.4 MeV. The experiments were performed with an array of 12 detectors which together covered a large fraction of the forward hemisphere and allowed a high detection efficiency for these events. Masses and energies of all fragments have been reconstructed by means of an improved version of the kinematic coincidence method. The probabilitiesP 3 andP 4 of producing 3- and 4-body events were found to depend mainly on the dissipated energy rather than on the bombarding energy, thus indicating that their origin lies more in the decay properties of the excited fragments than in the dynamics of the interaction. Emission of light particles from the composite system is shown to become more relevant with increasing bombarding energy and may explain the drop of theP 3 andP 4 curves at high energy losses. Small deviations of theP 3 andP 4 curves at 23.7A · MeV from those at lower bombarding energies were used to estimate the amount of a possible pre-equilibrium light particle emission as a function of impact parameter.
- Published
- 1991
32. Three body events from Kr + Ag, Au systems at 17.7 MeV per nucleon
- Author
-
F. Fernández, S. Jokic, J.C. Adloff, M. Zamani, M. Debeauvais, and J. Ralarosy
- Subjects
Physics ,Particle physics ,Nucleon - Published
- 1990
33. E0decay of the two first excited0+states inO18
- Author
-
K.H. Souw, P. Chevallier, D. Disdier, and J.C. Adloff
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear reaction ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Oxygen-18 ,Branching fraction ,Stable isotope ratio ,Excited state ,Alpha particle ,Atomic physics ,Charged particle ,Isotopes of oxygen - Published
- 1975
34. E0decay of the first excited0+state inS32
- Author
-
K.H. Souw, D. Disdier, P. Chevallier, and J.C. Adloff
- Subjects
Physics ,Light nucleus ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Isotope ,Branching fraction ,Stable isotope ratio ,Excited state ,Isotopes of argon ,State (functional analysis) ,Isotopes of sulfur ,Atomic physics - Published
- 1975
35. Entrance-Channel Resonance Effects in theMg24+O16Reaction
- Author
-
S. M. Lee, P. Chevallier, V. Rauch, J.C. Adloff, F. Scheibling, and D. Disdier
- Subjects
Chemical kinetics ,Nuclear reaction ,Physics ,Elastic scattering ,Carbon-13 ,Analytical chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Resonance ,Isotopes of silicon ,Inelastic scattering ,Bar (unit) - Abstract
Backward-angle cross sections for the reactions /sup 24/Mg(/sup 16/O, /sup 12/C)/sup 28/Si(g.s.; 1.78 MeV) and /sup 24/Mg(/sup 16/O, /sup 16/O)/sup 24/Mg(g.s.; 1.37 MeV) were obtained for 17 MeV < or = E/sub c.m./ < or = 31 MeV, theta-bar/sub c.m./ approx. = 176/sup 0/. The first reaction shows gross and fine resonant structures; the second shows mainly gross structures. Angular distribution measurements give L values of 15 and 21, respectively, at E/sub c.m./ = 21.6 and 28.0 MeV. The resonant gross structures for /sup 24/Mg(/sup 16/O,/sup 12/C) /sup 28/Si(g.s.) are governed by the entrance channel and are discussed from the shape-resonance point of view.
- Published
- 1979
36. E0decay of the first excited0+states inMg26andSi30
- Author
-
D. Disdier, K.H. Souw, Y. Wolfson, P. Chevallier, J.C. Adloff, and F. Scheibling
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,education.field_of_study ,Excited state ,Population ,Atomic physics ,education ,Omega ,Spectral line - Abstract
A new method was used to measure $E0$ $\ensuremath{\pi}$-decay branching ratios. A plastic scintillator pair spectrometer of high efficiency (3%) was used. It consists of four detectors. Two of them, very thin, select the electrons; the other two, thick, help to measure their energies. An annular counter ($\ensuremath{\Omega}=0.10$ sr), working in coincidence with the spectrometer, allows the selection of the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay relevant to the ${0}^{+}$ excited state and the determination of its population yield. The reactions $^{23}\mathrm{Na}(\ensuremath{\alpha},p)^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$(3.58 MeV)($\ensuremath{\pi}$) and $^{27}\mathrm{Al}(\ensuremath{\alpha},p)^{30}\mathrm{Si}$(3.79 MeV)($\ensuremath{\pi}$) have been used to study the $E0$ $\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay of the first excited ${0}^{+}$ state in $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ and $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$. Pair spectra from the spectrometer were recorded in coincidence with protons in two-dimensional arrays. From the coincidence spectra the values for $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ are found to be (5.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.7) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and (2.6 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.6) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, respectively, for $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$(3.58 MeV) and $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$(3.79 MeV). When combined with the available lifetimes of these states, these ratios yield ${〈M〉}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=(3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25)$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{2}$ ($^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ and (1.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.2) ${\mathrm{fm}}^{2}$ ($^{30}\mathrm{Si}$) for the monopole matrix elements.
- Published
- 1974
37. Nonequilibriumαemission in deeply inelasticO16+Ni58collisions at 6 and 9 MeV/nucleon
- Author
-
H. Ho, W. Kühn, P. L. Gonthier, Lothar R. Schad, F. Scheibling, V. Rauch, A. Kamili, G. Rudolf, J.P. Wurm, G. Y. Fan, D. Disdier, J.C. Adloff, A. Strazzeri, R. Wolski, and A. Pfoh
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear reaction ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Scattering ,Nuclear Theory ,Alpha particle ,Inelastic scattering ,Deep inelastic scattering ,Charged particle ,Nuclear physics ,Alpha decay ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleon - Abstract
Energy and angular correlations of ..cap alpha.. particles in coincidence with deeply inelastic ejectiles from /sup 16/O+/sup 58/Ni collisions at 6 and 9 MeV/nucleon reveal ..cap alpha.. emission processes which cannot be explained by sequential emission from the fragments.
- Published
- 1983
38. Shadowing of sequential α-emission in deep-inelastic 32S + 93Nb collisions: A new probe of fragment lifetimes
- Author
-
D. Disdier, Lothar R. Schad, A. Pfoh, B. Lindl, H. Ho, F. Scheibling, P. L. Gonthier, W. Kühn, G. Y. Fan, J.P. Wurm, J.C. Adloff, R. Wolski, and V. Rauch
- Subjects
Nuclear reaction ,Physics ,Cross section (geometry) ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Shadow effect ,Fragment (computer graphics) ,Coulomb ,Charge (physics) ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
Energy and angular distributions of products with 3⩽Z⩽22 from 32 S + 93 Nb reactions at 10 MeV/N were measured and the cross section for deep-inelastic reactions was deduced. Energy and angular correlations between α-particles and deep-inelastic fragments were measured and analysed in terms of sequential emission from the detected projectile-like fragment ( M α = 0.30± 0.06) and sequential emission from the target-like fragment α = 0.90±0.10). For sequential emission from the target-like fragment shadowing was observed due to the proximity of the two fragments at the time of emission. Three-body Coulomb trajectory (TBCT) calculations give a lifetime of (1–3)×10 −21 s for the target-like fragment, in good agreement with statistical-model calculations. It is shown that the shadow effect is sensitive to the charge/size of the projectile-like fragment as predicted by the TBCT calculations. In the forward hemisphere nonsequential emission of beam-velocity α-particles is observed α = 0.20±0.06). At backward angles another component is observed α = 0.05±0.01) which appears to be emission from the neck region of the scissioning fragments. It is shown that the two nonsequential emission processes have a different dependence on the exit-channel mass split.
- Published
- 1985
39. Transfer reactions and sequential decays of the projectile-like fragments in the 60 MeV/nucleon 40Ar + natAg, 197Au Reactions
- Author
-
Jean Péter, J.P. Patry, Jean Claude Steckmeyer, Ph. Eudes, G. Bizard, A. Thiphagne, J.L. Laville, C. Lebrun, Joseph Natowitz, G. Rudolf, H. Doubre, Bernard Tamain, J.C. Adloff, F. Scheibling, F. Guilbault, Francis Hanappe, Elio Rosato, R. Brou, A. Péghaire, and A.K. Amili
- Subjects
Nuclear reaction ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Projectile ,Nuclear Theory ,Coincidence ,Charged particle ,Nuclear physics ,Coincident ,Excited state ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleon ,Excitation - Abstract
Light charged particles and nuclei (1⩽Z⩽8) have been detected in a large forward plastic multidetector (3° < θ
- Published
- 1989
40. Lifetime andE0decay of the first excited0+state inC14
- Author
-
K.H. Souw, N. Schulz, M. Toulemonde, and J.C. Adloff
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear reaction ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Pion ,Stripping (chemistry) ,Meson ,Branching fraction ,Excited state ,Hadron ,Analytical chemistry ,Nucleon - Abstract
The reaction /sup 2/H(/sup 13/C,p)/sup 14/C has been used to measure the lifetime of the /sup 14/C(6.59 MeV,0/sup +/) state. From recoil distance and Doppler shift attenuation measurements a value tau4.6=(ts +- 0.7) ps was found. The reaction /sup 13/C(d,p)/sup 14/C has been used to study the E0 ..pi.. decay of the 0/sup +/ state. The branching ratio GAMMA/sub ..pi..//GAMMA was measured to be (1.1 +- 0.1) x 10/sup -2/. When this value is combined with the determined lifetime an E0 matrix element /sub ..pi../0.36=(ts +- 0.06) fm/sup 2/ is obtained.
- Published
- 1980
41. Isospin-Forbidden Particle Decay of the FirstT=32States inBe9andB9
- Author
-
K.H. Souw, J.C. Adloff, P. Chevallier, and W.K. Lin
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle decay ,Proton ,Excited state ,Isospin ,Neutron ,Atomic physics - Abstract
The particle decays of the first $T=\frac{3}{2}$ state in $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ ($^{9}\mathrm{B}$) have been studied by the $^{7}\mathrm{Li}(^{3}\mathrm{He},pn)$ reaction at $E(^{3}\mathrm{He})=10.0$ MeV (8.7 and 7.95 MeV). Protons (neutrons) emitted at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} were detected in coincidence with decay neutrons (protons). Neutron energy was determined by the associated-particle time-of-flight technique. The ratios of partial neutron (proton) widths to the ground and first excited states of $^{8}\mathrm{Be}$ to the ground-state radiative width ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}}$ are found to be, respectively, 6.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.0 and 20.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 4.6 for the $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ analog state (1.5 and 13.9 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.1 for $^{9}\mathrm{B}$). Taking ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}}=10.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$ eV, these results give ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{n}_{0}}=67\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}26$ eV, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{n}_{1}}=213\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}56$ eV, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{p}_{0}}18$ eV, and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{p}_{1}}=147\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30$ eV for the mirror decays.
- Published
- 1972
42. Reaction cross-section of 3.7 GeV/n 12C + Cu, Pb and 1.8 GeV/n 40Ar + Cu studied by the SSNTD technique
- Author
-
J.C. Adloff, S. Jokic, F. Fernández, M. Zamani, M. Debeauvais, and J. Ralarosy
- Subjects
Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Cross section (physics) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Irradiation ,Track detectors ,CR-39 ,Beam (structure) ,Ion - Abstract
Cu and Pb targets were irradiated by 3.7 GeV/n 12 C ions and 1.8 GeV/n ions respectively at the Dubna (USSR) and Berkeley (USA) accelerators. CR 39 track detectors were placed up- and downstream of 2.0 cm Cu and 0.8 cm Pb foils. Important attenuation of the number of beam particles passing through the targets was observed allowing for direct total reaction cross section measurements. Good agreement with theoretically calculated cross section was found.
- Published
- 1988
43. High spin cluster-like resonances in the $^{16}$O + $^{24}$Mg system
- Author
-
D. Disdier, S. M. Lee, F. Scheibling, V. Rauch, J.C. Adloff, P. Chevallier, Heyd, Yvette, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Cluster (physics) ,Coulomb excitation ,Atomic physics ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Spin (physics) - Abstract
To see whether ’’Molecular Resonances’’ may be observed for A≳32 systems, the 16O+24Mg reaction has been investigated in the 17–31 MeV (CM) energy range. Despite the broad structure behavior of the 24Mg+16O outgoing channels, several rather narrow (Γtot≲500 keV) correlated resonances were observed for the 28Si+12C channels at backward angles. The angular distributions of two of these resonances at ECM = 21.6 MeV and 28.0 MeV show Jπ= (15−) and (21−) respectively.
- Published
- 1978
44. Multifragment production in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energy
- Author
-
R. Bougault, L. Stuttge, J.L. Ferrero, J.C. Steckmeyer, B. Bilwes, C. Le Brun, A. Genoux-Lubain, J.F. Lecolley, R. Bilwes, M. Louvel, F. Lefebvres, F. Delaunay, F. Scheibling, J.C. Adloff, M. Glaser, G. Rudolf, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Guesnon, Sandrine, and Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
- Subjects
Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Intermediate energy ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,0103 physical sciences ,Heavy ion ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,010306 general physics ,01 natural sciences ,Energy (signal processing) - Published
- 1988
45. Experimental evidence of highly energy relaxed products in the 35 MeV/u $^{84}$Kr + $^{197}$Au reaction
- Author
-
C. Lebrun, R. Lucas, M. Louvel, G. Rudolf, P. Lhenoret, A. Kamili, A. Genoux Lubin, D. Dalili, C. Ngô, E. Tomasi, J.C. Adloff, C. Mazur, T. Suomijärvi, R. Regimbart, F. Scheibling, B. Boishu, M. Ribrag, F. Lefebvres, J.F. Lecolley, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Guesnon, Sandrine
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Projectile ,Nuclear fusion ,Elementary particle ,Atomic number ,Atomic physics ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Nuclear Experiment ,Kinetic energy ,Beam energy ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
We have measured the mass, the atomic number and the kinetic energy of the fragments emitted between 8 and 23° in the 35 MeV/u Kr+Au reaction. We found few products with the velocity of the projectile and α lot of fragments with Z ~20–28. Their kinetic energy (≲ 1 GeV) is substantially smaller than the one corresponding to the beam energy. It is not clear that these products correspond to a two-body reaction and they could arise from a three-body mechanism.
- Published
- 1984
46. Isospin purity of the 5.36 MeV state of $^6$Li
- Author
-
J.C. Adloff, C.L. Cocke, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette
- Subjects
Nuclear reaction ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Branching fraction ,Isotopes of lithium ,Alpha particle ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Nuclear physics ,Helium-4 ,Deuterium ,Isospin ,Alpha decay ,Atomic physics - Abstract
The reaction 7 Li( 3 He, α) 6 Li∗(5.36 MeV) (d) 4 He has been used to search for the isospinforbidden decay of the 5.36 MeV, T = 1 state of 6 Li into α +d. An upper limit of 2 % is placed on the deuteron branching ratio from this state, implying a reduced width for deuteron emission of less than 0.5 % of the Wigner limit (2/mR 2 , with R = 3.7 fm).
- Published
- 1971
47. Quantitative α-particle detection in a homogeneous medium with LR115
- Author
-
D. Oster, Abdel-Mjid Nourreddine, A. Pape, J.C. Adloff, D. Weidmann, A. Hoernel, R. Barillon, and A. Haessler
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Homogeneous ,Chemistry ,Track (disk drive) ,Detector ,Analytical chemistry ,Cellulose ,Instrumentation ,α particles ,Computational physics - Abstract
Agreement between theoretical and experimental track densities in LR115 cellulose nitrate detectors shows that α-particles can be detected quantitatively in air, solutions, and finely divided solids. For general use, a readily applicable form of the numerically integrated track registration equation for LR115 contact autoradiography is presented.
48. Etude de la transition du niveau 9.85 MeV au niveau 6.06 MeV dans 16O
- Author
-
Ph. Gorodetzky, D. Disdier, S. Gorodetzky, V. Rauch, P. Chevallier, J.C. Adloff, and F. Scheibling
- Subjects
Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Atomic physics - Abstract
The transition probability of the transition 9.85 MeV ( J π = 2 + ) → 6.06 MeV ( J π = 0 + ) has been determined with the aid of the 12 C (α, γ, π) 16 O reaction. The width Γ 9.85 MeV → 6.06 MeV = 1.89 ± 0.42 MeV corresponds to a reduced probability B ( E 2) = 2.95 ± 0.66 e 2 fm 4 .
- Published
- 1967
49. Mise en evidence d'une transition entre bandes rotationnelles dans 16O
- Author
-
D. Disdier, J.C. Adloff, S. Gorodetzky, Ph. Gorodetzky, P. Chevallier, F. Scheibling, and R. Modjtahed-Zadeh
- Subjects
Physics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Humanities - Abstract
La mesure du rapport d'embranchement 11.52 → 6.0611.52 → 0 nous permet d'attribuer la valeur B(E2) = 7.6 ± 1.7 e2fm4 a la probabilite reduite de la transition 11.52 → 6.06 MeV dans 16O. L'accord est remarquable avec la prediction theorique de Bron et Green.
- Published
- 1966
50. Correlated Sources of Heavy Fragments in the Kr+Au Reaction at 35 and 44 MeV/u
- Author
-
Le Brun C, C. Ngô, A. Kamili, F. Lefebvres, R. Regimbart, M. Ribrag, R. Lucas, A. Genoux-Lubain, E. Tomasi, F. Scheibling, J.F. Lecolley, C. Mazur, M. Louvel, O. Granier, G. Rudolf, J.C. Adloff, S. Leray, and B. Boishu
- Subjects
Nuclear reaction ,Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,Projectile ,Scattering ,Electric field ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Atomic physics ,Inelastic scattering ,Nuclear Experiment ,Coincidence ,Particle detector - Abstract
Coincidences between fragments (z = 8--36, theta = 3--30/sup 0/) emitted in the Kr + Au reaction at 35 and 44 MeV/u have been measured. On the basis of final-state interactions, the coincidence events can be divided into two distinct groups. In one group, products with near beam velocity are identified with the remaining part of the projectile; they are detected in coincidence with much slower fragments emitted by the target or by a hot zone common to the projectile and the target. The fragments of the second group have intermediate velocity and may be emitted by a much slowed-down projectile.
- Published
- 1987
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