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ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to Standardize a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) protocol for the authentication of bovine and buffalo milk, and to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. For this, the target DNA was extracted, mixed, and subjected to a PCR assay. Milk samples were defrauded and experimentally contaminated with microorganisms to assess the detection of target DNA at different times of cultivation, bacterial titers, and concentration of genetic material. In addition, the protocol was tested with DNA extracted directly from food, without a pre-enrichment step. The proposed quadruplex PCR showed good accuracy in identifying target DNA sequences. It was possible to simultaneously identify all DNA sequences at the time of inoculation (0h), when the samples were contaminated with 2 CFU/250mL and with 6h of culture when the initial inoculum was 1 CFU/250mL. It was also possible to directly detect DNA sequences from the food when it was inoculated with 3 CFU/mL bacteria. Thus, the proposed methodology showed satisfactory performance, optimization of the analysis time, and a potential for the detection of microorganisms at low titers, which can be used for the detection of fraud and contamination.

The dyke of the Papôa volcanic breccia cross-cutting the Lower Jurassic sequence of the Lusitanian Basin (West Iberia) contains granitic xenoliths. In this study, for the first time, U-Th-Pb zircon analysis of two xenoliths yielded 298±4Ma for biotite granite and of 292±2Ma for two-mica granite, indicating that the pre-Mesozoic basement of the Lusitanian Basin includes Permian intrusions. These ages are close within the margin of error of the age of the Late Carboniferous granites of the Berlengas isle that with the Late Devonian high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Farilhões isles, located northwest of the study area, which form the pre-Mesozoic basement of the Lusitanian Basin. These new geochronological findings enable it to be established that Permo-Carboniferous magmatism lasted at least 13Ma, in this region of the Appalachian-Variscan belt. Furthermore, a comparison with available data from Paleozoic tectonic units of the Appalachian-Variscan belt located both in the Iberian Massif and outside it enables the suggestion to be made that the Lusitanian Basin (Peniche) most probably rests on the South Portuguese Zone, which may also be correlated with the Rhenohercynian Zone present in southwest England, and the Meguma terrane of Nova Scotia.

Current water treatment methods are unable to eliminate artificial sweeteners, which can lead to their accumulation in the environment. Due to this problem, natural sweeteners can be used instead, but it is important to understand their effects in biological systems. Rebaudioside A, one of the main components of stevia, causes an increase in both ROS and in FAD linked autofluorescence in hippocampal CA3 area. These effects may be due to the insulin-mimetic properties of steviol glycosides, with the results suggesting that they cause enhancements in glycolysis and in OXPHOS, with this metabolic pathway being the possible source of the rise in ROS. In excess, these molecules may cause damage to brain cells through oxidative stress. As leftovers from Stevia’s purification process can be used as biomass, with applications ranging from energy production to fertilization, continuous accumulation in the environment should be avoided in order to prevent undesired effects in the ecosystem. Keywords: Autofluorescence, CA3, OXPHOS, Reactive oxygen species, Stevia, Steviol Glycosides

Avaliou-se a inclusão de diferentes porcentagens de lisina digestível em dietas de baixa proteína para frangos de corte tipo caipira, machos e fêmeas, com idade entre um e 28 dias. Utilizaram-se 792 machos e 792 fêmeas de linhagem comercial, de um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x6 (sexo x porcentagem de lisina digestível: 0,85; 0,90; 0,95; 1,00; 1,05 e 1,10%) com seis repetições de 22 aves. Não foi constatada interação (P>0,05) de sexo versus inclusão de lisina. Observou-se superioridade (P0,05) para conversão alimentar. Da composição centesimal da carcaça, apenas o percentual de matéria mineral foi influenciada (PThe inclusion of different percentages of digestible lysine in low-protein diets was evaluated for male and female free-range broiler chickens, from 1 to 28 days. We used 792 female and 792 male naked neck chickens a day in a completely randomized 2x6 factorial scheme (sex x percentages of digestible lysine: 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.05 and1.10%) with six replicates of 22 broilers. No interaction of sex versus lysine was found. Superiority was observed (P0.05) in food conversion.In the chemical composition of the carcass, only thepercentage of mineral matter was influenced (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences, found after 12 weeks of training, in the development of the physical qualities of two groups of children practicing soccer at Mangueira Olympic Center, Both groups were in the third stage of biological maturation, and were submitted to two different methodologies, during the stage of basic formation: the traditional and the maturational. The sample was composed by 30 male infants. For the evaluation of the biological maturation the board of pictures" by Tanner was used (1962), for the self evaluation protocol proposed by Matsudo & Matsudo (1991). For the evaluation of the physical qualities the following protocols were used: coordination (test of coordination of Burpee), flexibility (angular goniometric test), dynamic power (test of manual dynamometric pressure), explosive power (test of vertical impulse) and speed (speed test of 30 meters sprint). The statistic procedure used was the Student’s t-test and Student’s t-test (independent protocol for inter-groups analysis). The study established p≤0.05 to statistic significance. . When we compared G1 with G2 observed the results do D% and p-valor, respectively: coordination (D% = 2,91%; p= 0,00), dynamic power (D%= 3,01; p=0,49) and explosive power (D%= 1,03; p=0,63), flexibility (D% = 4,39%; p= 0,00), aerobic resistance (D% = 0,91%; p=0,00) and speed (D% = -0,96; p=0,00). The results allowed concluding that the experimental group, which used the maturational methodology, showed significant statistic differences in the variables coordination, flexibility, aerobic resistance and speed compared to the traditional group.

Para avaliar a absorção de subdoses do herbicida sulfosate e a inibição da atividade da EPSPs (5-enolpiruvilshiquimato-3-fosfato sintase), bem como os sintomas visuais de toxicidade na planta de milho (Zea mays), cultivar Cargill 435, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegetação da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas-MG, no ano de 2001. No primeiro experimento utilizou-se 10% da dose recomendada (1,44 kg ha-1) para o controle das plantas daninhas, com o objetivo de determinar o tempo necessário de absorção do produto. No segundo experimento foram avaliadas nove subdoses de sulfosate nas concentrações de: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 e 16% da dose recomendada para se determinar a inibição da atividade enzimática, assim como os sintomas de intoxicação das plantas de milho aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação. A planta de milho absorveu 25,2% do herbicida 24 horas após a aplicação, e essa absorção aumentou com o tempo, até atingir 65,4% 96 horas após a aplicação. Quanto maior a dose de sulfosate, maior foi a inibição da atividade da EPSPs, 24 horas após a aplicação. Aplicando-se 16% da dose recomendada, essa inibição atingiu 72,6% e causou os maiores efeitos fitotóxicos sobre a cultura do milho.To evaluate the effect of herbicide sub-lethal rates of sulfosate on absorption, EPSP synthase activity, and visual symptoms of corn plants (Zea mays), two greenhouse experiments were established at EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute), in Sete Lagoas-MG, Brazil, in 2001. In one experiment, 10% of the recommended field rate (1.44 g ha-1) was tested to determine herbicide absorption time by corn plants and in the second experiment 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16% of the recommended rate were tested to study EPSPs activity and visual symptoms of phytotoxicity on corn plants. Corn plants absorbed 25.2% of sulfosate 24 hours after application and absorption increased to 65.4% at 96 hours. The higher the sulfosate rate, the higher was the EPSPs activity inhibition, 24 hours of application, and more evident the phytotoxicity symptoms on corn plants. At 16% of the recommended rate, this inhibition reached 72.6%.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de doses de imazapyr no controle de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus) em solos de várzea e também seu efeito residual no solo sobre a cultura do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris), cultivar Carioca, cultivado em diferentes períodos após a aplicação do herbicida imazapyr. Para determinação da eficiência de controle da tiririca foram avaliadas três doses de imazapyr - 375, 750 e 1.500 g ha-1 - aplicadas sobre as plantas de tiririca no estádio de quatro ou cinco folhas verdadeiras. As avaliações de eficiência de controle da planta daninha foram feitas aos 14, 35, 56, 70, 77, 84 e 91 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos herbicidas (DAA). Na avaliação do efeito residual do imazapyr no solo foram utilizadas as mesmas doses, porém aplicadas em oito épocas: 98, 84, 63, 42, 28, 21, 14 e 7 dias antes da semeadura (DAS) do feijão. Constatou-se que 375 g ha-1 de imazapyr resultou em bom controle da tiririca até 35 dias após a aplicação do produto; após esse período observou-se reinfestação da área com esta espécie. Para as doses de 750 e 1.500 g ha-1 observou-se controle eficiente por um período de 70 dias após a aplicação do herbicida. Quanto ao efeito residual do herbicida sobre a cultura de feijão, verificou-se que, quanto maior a dose utilizada e mais próximo da semeadura for aplicado o herbicida, menor a produtividade da cultura. A dose de 375 g ha-1 aplicada aos 98 DAS mostrou-se menos prejudicial à cultura, não havendo perda de rendimento.The objective of this research was to study rates of the herbicide imazapyr for purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) control in lowland soils and to determine the carryover period for dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cv Carioca, grown at different timings after the herbicide application. The experiment was carried out at EMBRAPA/CNPMS, in Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil, and the effect of imazapyr on purple nutsedge was evaluated spraying at three rates: 375, 750 and 1500 g ha-1, broadcast application at the 4-5 leaf crop stage. Seven purple nutsedge control evaluations were recorded at 14, 35, 56, 70, 77, 84 and 91 days after application (D.A.A.). For the carryover study the treatments consisted of the same previously applied rates of imazapyr and eight application periods before crop sowing (98, 84, 63, 42, 28, 21, 14 and 7 days - D.B.S.). A satisfactory control of purple nutsedge was obtained with imazapyr, except for the rate 375 g ha-1, which controlled purple nutsedge n for 35 days. The higher rates were able to keep purple nutsedge under control for 70 days. As the rates of imazapyr increased, more phytotoxic effects were observed in dry bean plants. More severe damage to the crop was observed when the herbicide was applied closer to crop seeding, resulting in yield losses. The lowest imazapyr rate (375 g ha-1) applied at 98 DBS, caused small injury to the crop, without yield losses.

A aplicação de herbicidas, seja para dessecação de culturas ou para controle de plantas daninhas, vem crescendo, devido à expansão da fronteira agrícola brasileira. Esse fato aumenta os riscos de ocorrência de deriva acidental em culturas vizinhas suscetíveis; no entanto, as perdas em produtividade dessas culturas são desconhecidas em muitas situações de ocorrência de deriva de herbicidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fitotoxicidade causada por doses reduzidas dos herbicidas glyphosate e paraquat simulando deriva, bem como seus efeitos, no desenvolvimento das plantas e no rendimento de grãos de sorgo. O estudo foi conduzido durante os anos agrícolas 1996/97 e 1997/98, utilizando-se o híbrido BR 700 no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 12 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram utilizadas cinco doses reduzidas simulando deriva - 2, 4, 6, 8 e 12% da dose recomendada (dose recomendada: 1.440 g ha-1 de glyphosate e 400 g ha-1 de paraquat) - e duas testemunhas sem aplicação de herbicidas para comparação. Área foliar e peso da matéria seca não foram afetados pelos tratamentos de deriva, ao passo que a altura da planta foi reduzida sobretudo nas maiores doses dos herbicidas. O teor de clorofila foi afetado apenas no ano agrícola 1997/98, ocorrendo maior porcentagem de injúrias à medida que se aumentou a concentração de deriva. No ano agrícola 1996/97, os danos observados na parte aérea foram maiores e o estande final chegou a ser reduzido pela maior dose de glyphosate. Com relação à produtividade, somente no ano agrícola 1996/97 houve redução devido à deriva, em que a maior concentração de glyphosate resultou em menor peso de panículas e de grãos. No ano agrícola 1997/98, não houve efeito de deriva nas características de produção, em razão, provavelmente, da influência de fatores climáticos. O sorgo é uma planta sensível à ação de herbicidas não-seletivos; doses reduzidas, tanto de glyphosate como de paraquat, correspondentes a 12% ou menos da dose recomendada, podem influir no desenvolvimento das plantas, comprometendo a produtividade de grãos, sobretudo quando as condições climáticas são favoráveis à ação desses herbicidas.Herbicide application for crop desiccation or weed control has been growing due to the expansion of the Brazilian agricultural frontier. This fact increases the risks of drift to susceptible crops grown in the vicinity areas; however, several questions are frequently raised about possible losses in grain yield of these crops due to herbicide drift. The objective of this work was to evaluate injuries caused by reduced rates of glyphosate and paraquat simulating drift and its effect on sorghum plant development and grain production. The study was carried out during the crop growing seasons of 1996/97 and 1997/98. The hybrid BR 700 was used in a randomized complete block design, with 12 treatments and four replications. The treatments were performed by the combination of two herbicides with five concentrations of simulated drift: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12% of the recommended rates (1,440 g ha-1 of glyphosate and 400 g ha-1 of paraquat), and two check treatments without herbicide application for compressions. Leaf area and dry matter weight were not affected by drift, whereas plant height was reduced, especially by the highest herbicide reduced rate. The chlorophyll content was slightly affected in the growing season 1997/98, whereas the visual symptoms, in both growing seasons, resulted in higher percentage of injuries while concentration drift increased. The leaf damages observed were greater at the growing season 1996/97. Also in this growing season, the final stand was reduced by the highest glyphosate rate. As far as grain production is concerned, only the growing season 1996/97 presented yield reduction due to drift, when the highest rate of glyphosate resulted in the lowest grain weight. In the 1997/98 trial, there was no drift effect on the productivity characteristics probably due to climate factors. The sorghum plant is susceptible to the action of non-selective herbicides; reduced rates of glyphosate as well as paraquat, at 12% or lower of the recommended dosage may influence sorghum plant development and grain production, especially when the weather conditions are favorable to the action of these herbicides.

A aplicação de herbicidas, seja para a dissecação de culturas ou para o controle de plantas daninhas, vem crescendo, devido a expansão da fronteira agrícola brasileira. Esse fato aumenta os riscos de ocorrência de deriva acidental em culturas vizinhas suscetíveis. As perdas em produtividade são desconhecidas em muitas situações de ocorrência de deriva de herbicidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possível toxicidade causada pela deriva de doses reduzidas de dois herbicidas (glyphosate e paraquat) no período inicial de desenvolvimento da cultura do milho. Foram utilizadas cinco doses simulando deriva - 2, 4, 6, 8 e 12% da dose recomendada (1.440 g ha-1 de glyphosate e 400 g ha-1 de paraquat) - sobre o cultivar de milho híbrido triplo BRS 3123. No florescimento, foram avaliados altura da planta, área foliar, peso da matéria seca, teor de clorofila e sintomas visuais de injúria. Na colheita, avaliaram-se estande final, peso de espigas, peso de 1.000 grãos e produção de grãos. A altura das plantas, a área foliar e o peso da matéria seca não foram afetados pelo efeito das derivas nos dois anos agrícolas (1996/97 e 1997/98), exceto pela área foliar, que em 1997/98 sofreu redução, sobretudo no tratamento com 12% da dose normal de glyphosate. De maneira geral, os resultados obtidos para as demais características foram semelhantes nos dois anos de condução do ensaio. O teor de clorofila nas folhas e o estande final não foram afetados pelas doses reduzidas. O grau de toxicidade, avaliado por meio de plantas injuriadas pela deriva, aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas, apresentou diferenças significativas. Os maiores danos foram observados com a maior subdose simulando deriva dos herbicidas. O peso de 1.000 grãos não foi afetado, ao passo que a produção de espigas e de grãos foi severamente prejudicada. Observou-se que a deriva simulada dos herbicidas em altas concentrações afetou o desenvolvimento das plantas e reduziu a produção de grãos. Já a aplicação em baixas concentrações (2 a 4%) não afetou o desenvolvimento das plantas nem tampouco a produtividade.Herbicide application has increased considerably in the Brazilian agriculture over the last years, either for weed management or crop desiccation. The intensive use of herbicide shas brought risks of drift in sensitive neighbor crops. Drift effects on crops susceptible to herbicides is not well quantified in several situations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the injuries caused by simulated herbicide drift on the initial phase of growth of the maize crop. Two herbicides with five concentrations of simulated drift were used: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12% of the recommended rate (1,440 g ha-1 of glyphosate and 400 g ha-1 of paraquat), sprayed over the top foliage of the maize triple hybrid BRS 3123. Plant height, leaf area, dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content and visual symptoms of injury were evaluated at flowering time. Final stand, ear weight, 1,000 grains weight and grain production. Plant height, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content and dry weight were not affected by simulated drifts in both years (1996/97 and 1997/98), except the leaf area in 1997/98, which had a reduction especially in the treatment where 12% of the glyphosate rate was used. In general, the results for the other traits were similar in both years in which the trials were carried out. At harvesting time, final stand and weight of 1,000 grains were not affected by simulated drifts, whereas ear weight and grain production were severely affected. The degree of visual injuries evaluated through percentage of plants injured by drift at 7, 14 and 21 days after herbicide application showed significant differences. The major damages were observed with the greater dosage of simulated drift. Weight of 1,000 grains was not affected, whereas ears and grain production were severely affected. Herbicide drift in high concentrations affected the plant development and reduced grain production while application of glyphosate and paraquat in low concentrations (2-4% of the recommended rate) did not affect plant development nor grain production.

A utilização de herbicidas em pós-emergência inicial ou tardia em jato dirigido à cultura de sorgo cresceu muito com o aumento da área plantada da cultura. No entanto, estes herbicidas podem causar injúrias às plantas de sorgo, quando não são totalmente seletivos. Como esses herbicidas são basicamente bloqueadores de processos metabólicos, surge a dúvida sobre quais serão os efeitos dessas injúrias na produção final de grãos de sorgo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da toxicidade à cultura causada pela aplicação de herbicidas na fase inicial e em pós-emergência tardia em jato dirigido e o seu efeito na produção de grãos. Este estudo foi conduzido durante os anos agrícolas 1994/95 e 1995/96, utilizando-se o híbrido BR 700, no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 12 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação da combinação dos seguintes herbicidas em diferentes doses: cyanazine + simazine com e sem óleo mineral, aplicados nos estádios de crescimentos de 4 e 6 folhas, e paraquat + espalhante adesivo e ametryn + óleo mineral , aplicados em jato dirigido no estádio de 12 folhas. Foram incluídas também testemunhas com e sem capina, além da retirada mecânica das folhas do 1º, 2º e 3º pares de folhas. Foram avaliados área foliar, peso da matéria seca da parte aérea, teor de clorofila nas folhas, altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, estande, peso de 1.000 grãos, peso de panículas e produção de grãos. A aplicação de cyanazine + simazine + óleo mineral, no estádio de 4 folhas, reduziu drasticamente o estande das plantas de sorgo, nos dois períodos avaliados. O desenvolvimento das plantas, medido pela área foliar e pelo diâmetro do caule, foi pouco afetado, sendo os piores desempenhos verificados na testemunha sem capina e com a aplicação da mistura cyanazine + simazine. A redução no estande afetou diretamente a produção de panículas e de grãos. Os tratamentos que proporcionaram os mais altos rendimentos foram: paraquat + espalhante adesivo, ametryn + óleo mineral, retirada mecânica de folhas e cyanazine + simazine aplicados no estádio de 6 folhas. À exceção do tratamento cyanazine + simazine aplicado no estádio de 4 folhas, o uso de herbicidas em pós-emergência inicial e área total na cultura do sorgo mostrou-se seletiva . Mesmo quando houve injúrias, decorrentes da ação dos herbicidas, elas não foram suficientes para prejudicar a produção. O bom controle das plantas daninhas proveniente do uso dos herbicidas possibilitou ao sorgo expressar melhor seu potencial produtivo.The application of herbicides in early broadcast postemergence and band directed of herbicides in sorghum has raised considerably with increasing planting acreage in Brazil. However, these products can cause phytoxicity since they are not completely selective to the crop. Since these herbicides basically block metabolic processes in the plants, one questions what effects these injuries will have on grain yield. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the phytotoxic effect caused by the application of herbicides on the crop, at the initial phase and at late postemergence in directed spray, as well as on sorghum grain yield. This study was carried out during the growing season of 1994/95 and 1995/96, using the hybrid BR 700, in a complete randomized block design, with 12 treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following herbicides at several rates: cyanazine + simazine with or without mineral oil, applied at the 4-and-6 leaf growth stages; paraquat + adjuvant and ametryn + mineral oil, applied as directed spray at the 12-leaf growth stage. The control treatments were weed free and weeded plus mechanical defoliation of the first, second and third pair of sorghum leaves at the 12-leaf stage. Leaf area, plant dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, stand, weight of panicles and grain yield were also evaluated. Cyanazine + simazine + mineral oil application at the 4-leaf growth stage drastically reduced sorghum stand in both evaluations. Plant development evaluated by leaf area and stem diameter was not much affected. The poorest performances were observed with the weeded treatment and cyanazine + simazine. Stand reduction affected the panicles and grain yield directly. The best treatments for weed control were: paraquat + adjuvant, ametryn + mineral oil, mechanical defoliation and cyanazine + simazine applied at the 6-leaf growth stage. Except for the application of cyanazine + simazine at the 4-leaf growth stage, herbicide application in postemergence on sorghum crop was selective. Even though injuries were caused by the herbicides, they did not cause a reduction in the sorghum grain yield. Good weed control using herbicides allowed the sorghum plants to better express their yield potential.

O herbicida sistêmico imazapyr foi usado no controle da taboa (Typha subulata Crespo & Peres-Moreau f.) em drenos de irrigação, como alternativa ao controle mecânico. O resíduo do princípio ativo do herbicida na água foi analisado por cromatografia líquida de alta performance (HPLC). A curva de dissipação de imazapyr mostrou que o herbicida pode ser usado para o controle de taboa em drenos de irrigação, sem causar danos a culturas vizinhas, desde que a água seja usada, no mínimo, depois de 1,6 a 3,7 dias da aplicação das doses de 500 a 1500 g ha-1, respectivamente.Imazapyr, a systemic herbicide, was used to control cattail (Typha subulata Crespo & Peres-Moreau f.) in irrigation project drains as an alternative for mechanical control. Residue of this herbicide was analysed in water by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Imazapyr dissipation curve with applied doses ranging from 500 to 1500 g ha-1 showed that it could be used to control cattail without injuring neighbor crops, as long as water drain be used at least 1.6 to 3.7 days after application.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess different prebiotic concentrations and principles, in addition to calcium butyrate, aiming to replace colistin as a growth promoter. The sample consisted of 120 piglets weaned at 22 days old with mean initial weight of 5.475 ± 0.719kg. The animals were assigned to random blocks in six treatments corresponding to the use of the following dietary additives: T1) colistin (40 ppm); T2) β-glucan/mannan-oligosaccharides (0.2%); T3) calcium butyrate (0.1%); T4) β-glucan/mannan-oligosaccharides (0.1%) + fructooligosaccharides (0.01%) + galactooligosaccharides (0.09%); T5) β-glucan/mannan-oligosaccharides (0.1%) + fructooligosaccharides (0.03%) + galactooligosaccharides (0.07%); and T6) β-glucan/mannan-oligosaccharides (0.1%) + fructooligosaccharides (0.05%) + galactooligosaccharides (0.05%). The results showed no difference among treatments for the performance parameters in any of the phases evaluated. For diarrhea incidence and intensity, the results indicated that the treatments with alternative additives had similar effects as the group treated with colistin. A significant difference was found for the profile of propionic acid (0.23% colistin and 0.32%, 0.36%, 0.37% additives) and total fatty acids (0.67% colistin and 0.97% additives) values in the caecum. The supplementation with different compositions and concentrations of prebiotics and butyric acid may viably replace colistin in controlling diarrhea and modulating volatile fatty acid production in the caecum.