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Resume Introduction. La pseudomigraine avec pleiocytose du liquide cephalo-rachidien (LCR) est une entite rare evoluant sur moins de 3 mois. Observation. Une jeune femme, âgee de 17 ans, sans antecedent, fut hospitalisee devant des signes deficitaires hemicorporels droits associes a des troubles du langage. Ces symptomes regresserent en quelques heures et furent suivis de cephalees violentes lateralisees a gauche, accompagnees d’importants signes neuro-vegetatifs. Plusieurs episodes etaient signales dans les 10 jours precedents. L’IRM cerebrale etait normale. Les EEG montraient d’importants ralentissements de l’electrogenese cerebrale. Il existait plus de 250 lymphocytes/mm 3 dans le LCR. L’evolution fut spontanement favorable, sans recidive apres 6 mois de recul. Conclusion. La pseudo-migraine avec lymphocytose du LCR semble etre une entite nosologique a part d’etiopathogenie actuellement inconnue. Il s’agit d’un diagnostic d’elimination dont l’evolution est le plus frequemment benigne.

Pseudomigraine with temporary neurological symptoms and lymphocytic pleocytosis is a rare syndrome resolving within less than 3 months.A young 17-year-old woman without previous medical history was admitted to the hospital because of right motor weakness and language disturbances. The symptoms resolved in a few hours and were followed by severe left headaches with important vegetative signs. Several similar episodes were noted in the previous 10 days. Cranial MRI was normal. EEG showed important slowing of the cerebral electrogenesis. More than 250 lymphocytic cells were found at CSF analysis. Outcome was spontaneously favorable, without similar symptoms after 6-month follow-up.Pseudomigraine with lymphocytic pleocytosis seems to be a particular syndrome of unknown origin. This is an elimination diagnosis, generally with a benign course.