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1,270 results on '"J. Yoh"'

1. Acoustic deep brain modulation: Enhancing neuronal activation and neurogenesis

Author

Hwichan Ham, Kyu Sik Kim, Jee-Hwan Lee, Do-Nyun Kim, Hyung-Jin Choi, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Neuromodulation, Neurogenesis, Brain stimulation, Non-invasive, Focused shockwave, Electroceuticals, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Background: Non-invasive deep brain modulation (DBM) stands as a promising therapeutic avenue to treat brain diseases. Acoustic DBM represents an innovative and targeted approach to modulate the deep brain, employing techniques such as focused ultrasound and shock waves. Despite its potential, the optimal mechanistic parameters, the effect in the brain and behavioral outcomes of acoustic DBM remains poorly understood. Objective: To establish a robust protocol for the shock wave DBM by optimizing its mechanistic profile of external stimulation, and to assess its efficacy in preclinical settings. Methods: We used shockwaves due to their capacity to leverage a broader spectrum of peak intensity (10–127 W/mm2) in contrast to ultrasound (0.1–5.0 W/mm2), thereby enabling a more extensive range of neuromodulation effects. We established various types of shockwave pressure profiles of DBM and compared neural and behavioral responses. To ascertain the anticipated cause of the heightened neural activity response, numerical analysis was employed to examine the mechanical dynamics within the brain. Results: An optimized profile led to an enhancement in neuronal activity within the hypothalamus of mouse models. The optimized profile in the hippocampus elicited a marked increase in neurogenesis without neuronal damage. Behavioral analyses uncovered a noteworthy reduction in locomotion without significant effects on spatial memory function. Conclusions: The present study provides an optimized shock wave stimulation protocol for non-invasive DBM. Our optimized stimulation profile selectively triggers neural functions in the deep brain. Our protocol paves the way for new non-invasive DBM devices to treat brain diseases.

Published
2024
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2. Effect of tungsten size on thermal analysis and mechanism of lithium perchlorate-based electrically controlled solid propellant

Author

Meng Yang, Jack J. Yoh, Chenglong Tang, and Zuohua Huang

Subjects
Electrically controlled solid propellant, Thermochemistry, Thermal analysis characteristics, Tungsten size, Decomposition mechanism, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

Electrically controlled solid propellant (ECSP) is a novel and potential propellant with excellent properties, which can achieve multiple ignitions and extinguishments through supplying and cutting electric power. At present, thermochemistry coupled with electrochemical reaction processes are complex and not understood clearly, especially its based thermal decomposition mechanism without electric power. In this work, the baseline ECSP was prepared using lithium perchlorate (LiClO4, LP) as oxidant, and tungsten as metal additive to obtain high energy ECSP samples. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA) were used to investigate thermal analysis characteristics of ECSP and the effect of tungsten sizes on reaction process and mechanism. The heat release and effective activation energy (Eα) of baseline ECSP were lower than those of metalized ECSP. In addition, with W size increasing, heat release and Eαincrease. Based on thermal analysis and kinetic results, the decomposition mechanisms of ECSP main components and samples were proposed. The absorbed and crystal water evaporated, then main components molten for all cases at low temperature (< 250 °C). With the temperature rising, baseline ECSP occurred to three-stage reaction (7 step reactions), while metalized ECSP shown rapid one-stage reaction (3 step reactions).

Published
2023
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3. A reactive hydrodynamic simulation of noise propagation for a concrete-confined detonation

Author

Juntae Ji, Younghun Lee, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

When a point source detonation occurs, high temperature and pressure gases are released and then propagate through the open atmosphere as a blast wave. This leads to an explosive sound in the form of environmental noise, which has been known to cause hearing damage to nearby residents surrounding the explosion area. In an effort to reduce such noise levels, explosion test sites are installed with sound barriers to mitigate and minimize the noise associated with the blasts. In this study, realistic explosion pressure was calculated at an initial detonation source inside a concrete sound barrier, and a numerical prediction was made to evaluate the environmental noise propagation in an actual terrain. In particular, we applied the concrete equation of state to the governing conservation equations for a spherical detonation in a confined geometry and compared the experimental data taken within 3 m from the test site and a few kilometers away from the sound source. Moreover, the amount of noise reduction was predicted by first considering the absorbed explosion pressure by the sound barrier, which later dissipated at a far distance at which the noise propagation in an actual terrain was compared with the measurements.

Published
2021
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5. A multi-scale simulation of hot spot initiation of detonation utilizing experimental measurements

Author

Yoocheon Kim, Younghun Lee, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Empirical and phenomenological hydrodynamic reactive flow models, such as the ignition-and-growth and Johnson–Tang–Forest models, have been effective in predicting the shock initiation and detonation characteristics of various energetic substances. These models utilize the compression and pressure properties of the reacting mixture to quantify its reaction rate. However, it has long been known that the shock initiation of detonation is controlled by local reaction sites called ‘hot spots’. In this study, a hot-spot model based on the temperature-dependent Arrhenius reaction rate is developed. The complex reaction process of the target explosive is addressed by conducting differential scanning calorimetry experiments whereas the reaction rate is determined using the Friedman isoconversional method. The hot spot is approximated by the region of high pressure accumulation due to multiple shock reverberations within the polymer binder, which is surrounded by the bulk explosive. The mesoscale smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulation is adopted to identify the peak temperatures within the hot spots. These peak temperatures obtained from the mesoscale level are then used to initialize the random sites of heat release prior to conducting the full-scale hydrodynamic simulation of the shock-to-detonation transition (SDT). To validate the simulation, the distance to detonation is compared with the reported experimental value to validate the initiation process of the proposed model and an 18-mm-radius rate stick is experimentally tested to confirm the reproducibility of the detonation properties. The comparison shows that the detonation properties and the initiation process of the explosive are well characterized, while no-go conditions are observed if no mesoscale hot-spot model is included in the hydrodynamic simulation. Therefore, the SDT process can be well described by the present model based on multi-scale hot-spot initiation.

Published
2018
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6. A check valve controlled laser-induced microjet for uniform transdermal drug delivery

Author

Hwi-chan Ham, Hun-jae Jang, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A narrow nozzle ejects a microjet of 150 μm in diameter with a velocity of 140 m/s a by the laser-induced bubble expansion in the designed injector. The pulsed form of the driving force at a period of 10 Hz from the connected Er:YAG laser makes it possible for multiple microjet ejections aimed at delivery of drugs into a skin target. The pulsed actuation of the microjet generation is however susceptible to the air leak which can cause the outside air to enter into the momentarily de-pressurized nozzle, leading to a significant reduction of the microjet speed during the pulsed administering of the drug. In the present study, we designed a ball-check valve injector which is less prone to an unwanted air build up inside the nozzle by controlling the nozzle pressure to remain above ambient pressure at all times. The new device is rigorously compared against the reported performance of the previous injector and has shown to maintain about 97% of the initial microjet speed regardless of the number of shots administered; likewise, the drug penetration depth into a porcine skin is improved to 1.5 to 2.25 times the previously reported penetration depths.

Published
2017
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7. Burning Characteristics of Pyrotechnic Time-Delay Composition Subjected to Moisture and Heat

Author

Kanagaraj Gnanaprakash and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Materials science, Moisture, Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Heat transfer coefficient, Thermal diffusivity, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Perchlorate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fuel Technology, Thermal conductivity, 0203 mechanical engineering, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Delay composition, Ignition timing, Composite material
Abstract

The combustion of pyrotechnic delay composition based on metallic fuel and perchlorate oxidizer involves complex reaction mechanisms and condensed phase heat release. Studies on the effect of aging...

Published
2021

8. Addressing the complex geometric effects on the three-dimensional transition to detonation in hydrocarbon-air mixtures using a parametrized level-set algorithm

Author

Hyun-Jun Kim, Jack J. Yoh, and Soo-Yeong Cho

Subjects
Shock wave, Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Detonation, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Boundary (topology), Hot spot (veterinary medicine), Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Chamber pressure, Fuel Technology, Complex geometry, law, Cartesian coordinate system, Stereolithography
Abstract

A new level-set algorithm is developed that distinguishes the interior from the exterior of complex geometry by parameterizing the correlation between the stereolithography (STL) information and grid points in order to embody three-dimensional boundary interfaces in the Cartesian coordinate system. The method is applied to the flame and shock wave interactions in hydrocarbon fuel blends including the transition to a detonation in various three-dimensional geometric complexities for predicting the maximum chamber pressure. The locations of the strong shock-flame interactions and the onset of the hot spot initiation in the regions of the strongest interaction are investigated. Moreover, the study is intended for providing safety assessments of the pressure confinements that include bends, steps, and narrow channels connecting cavities by utilizing the present algorithm that can identify the triggering effects of the transition to detonation.

Published
2021

9. A liquid breakdown driven non-invasive microjet injection system

Author

Hwi-chan Ham and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Materials science, Dielectric strength, Lasers, Energy conversion efficiency, Flow (psychology), Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Dielectric, Injector, Kinetic energy, law.invention, Mice, Drug Delivery Systems, law, Animals, Saturation (chemistry), Skin, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop a microjet having fully skin-penetrable jet speed, moderately small volume, and highly repeatable injection, and eventually providing a device with medical efficacy for less tissue destruction and pain. The injector allows a small volume of drug stream (0.1-1.7 µL) to flow out at a frequency of ∼16 Hz, and employs two different sources of energy, namely electrical and optical, which are converted into kinetic energy of the penetrating drug solution using liquid breakdown (dielectric or laser-induced). The medical efficacy of the microjet injection was evaluated through ex-vivo and in-vivo procedures in a mouse model. Both sources of liquid breakdown generate a skin-penetrable jet speed of 200-330 m/s. These fast and repetitive jets in a small volume pass through the epidermis to exert their efficacy. The driving pressure provided by dielectric breakdown showed an extensive increase per input energy increase, which is deemed appropriate for deep skin penetration. In contrast, the laser-induced breakdown exhibited a saturation in jet speed with increasing input energy, which is indicative of a low energy conversion efficiency. The results are promising for medical procedures that require uniform drug injection over a large area, and small dosage control during intradermal procedures.

Published
2021

10. Investigation of aging induced processes on thermo-kinetic and combustion characteristics of tungsten pyrotechnic delay composition

Author

Jack J. Yoh, Younghun Lee, and Kanagaraj Gnanaprakash

Subjects
Materials science, 010304 chemical physics, General Chemical Engineering, Thermal decomposition, Oxide, General Physics and Astronomy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Tungsten, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, Accelerated aging, Oxygen, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fuel Technology, 020401 chemical engineering, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Delay composition, 0204 chemical engineering, Composite material, Thermal analysis
Abstract

A degradation in performance parameters related to thermal decomposition and combustion behaviour of tungsten based pyrotechnic delay composition can occur when subjected to accelerated aging conditions in a controlled environment. The present study utilizes various methods to quantify the extent of degradation in thermo-kinetic and burning characteristics as well as to postulate a fundamental aging mechanism for traditional tungsten (W) pyrotechnic delay material, which has not been attempted in the past. The delay composition based on metallic fuel (W) and perchlorate oxidizer is subjected to aging at constant temperature of 71 °C and 95% relative humidity, for 2 and 12 weeks, respectively. Experiments including thermal analysis, combustion temperature profile and burning rate measurements are conducted together with numerical simulation of an actual pyrotechnic delay device. Moreover, the reaction mechanism, chemical kinetics, and combustion behaviour between pristine and aged cases are examined. Results illustrate that there exist two aging induced processes, which increases the presence of large agglomerated particles, high metal oxide content by thickening the outer oxide layer of metallic fuel, and more unreacted oxygen to instigate incomplete combustion in aged samples. This alters the reaction pathway of combustion process, lowers average thermal conductivity, and reduces diffusion of reactants in aged samples, thus causing significant decrement in the heat of reaction (31%), combustion zone temperature (10%), reactivity (12%), and burning rates (10%), such that the overall pyrotechnic delay device experiences misfiring during operation or a failure in accomplishing its actual intended task.

Published
2021

12. Ignition and combustion behavior of zirconium-based pyrotechnic igniters and pyrotechnic delays under aging

Author

Byungheon Han, Kanagaraj Gnanaprakash, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Zirconium, Materials science, Potassium perchlorate, Scanning electron microscope, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, Thermal decomposition, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Combustion, law.invention, Ignition system, chemistry.chemical_compound, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, chemistry, law, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Composite material
Abstract

Pyrotechnic materials often necessitate high reliability and stability to be utilized in energetic devices. However, prolonged storage of these materials degrades their performance in many ways and results in failure of these devices. Only a few studies have focussed on their burning characteristics, and reported limited understanding on the effect of aging on this behavior of such materials. In this study, ignition and combustion behavior of pyrotechnic materials based on zirconium (Zr) as fuel and potassium perchlorate (KClO4) or iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) as oxidant are investigated, for various aging conditions. Pristine samples are compared with samples subjected to aging under 91 °C (thermally aged) and seasonal changes (naturally aged). The ignition delay time as a function of maximum wire temperature is obtained through high-speed combustion photography for these samples. Surface features and oxide content are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Results indicate that ignition delay time increases significantly with aging period for both pyrotechnic igniter and pyrotechnic delay samples. However, this time reduces as the maximum wire temperature is increased for all samples. Naturally aged samples exhibit longer ignition delay times and higher metal oxide content when compared to thermally aged ones. Both pre-oxidation of metallic fuel and prior thermal decomposition of oxidizer play an important role in causing this behavior with aged samples.

Published
2021

13. Insights into aging mechanism of Ti-metal based pyrotechnics and changes in thermo-kinetic characteristics

Author

Juyoung Oh and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Reaction mechanism, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, Titanium hydride, Activation energy, Combustion, Thermogravimetry, Chemical kinetics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Differential scanning calorimetry, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Thermal analysis
Abstract

Metal fuels with high energy density have been receiving attention recently as alternatives to fossil fuels in propulsion systems, power generation applications, and energy storage technology. However, to adopt metal fuels for such purposes, maintaining the designed performance level and greater reliability are required. Thus, aging analysis as well as thermal analysis of metal fuels must be conducted thoroughly prior to such practical applications. In order to identify an aging mechanism, the present paper investigates the variation in both thermodynamic characteristics and reaction kinetics of titanium hydride potassium perchlorate (THPP) under aging. Some chemical and physical defects of aged samples were also found by x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The influence of aging on combustion reactions of THPP was elucidated by carrying out the non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA). Based on the changes in thermodynamic characteristics and reaction kinetics, the altered reaction mechanism due to aging was investigated. Certain samples aged under humid environments had different activation energy pathways for reaction progress due to an increased amount of TiO2, which can give rise to severe changes in lifetime and stability after all.

Published
2021

14. High-precision measurement of the

Author

T, Aaltonen, S, Amerio, D, Amidei, A, Anastassov, A, Annovi, J, Antos, G, Apollinari, J A, Appel, T, Arisawa, A, Artikov, J, Asaadi, W, Ashmanskas, B, Auerbach, A, Aurisano, F, Azfar, W, Badgett, T, Bae, A, Barbaro-Galtieri, V E, Barnes, B A, Barnett, P, Barria, P, Bartos, M, Bauce, F, Bedeschi, S, Behari, G, Bellettini, J, Bellinger, D, Benjamin, A, Beretvas, A, Bhatti, K R, Bland, B, Blumenfeld, A, Bocci, A, Bodek, D, Bortoletto, J, Boudreau, A, Boveia, L, Brigliadori, C, Bromberg, E, Brucken, J, Budagov, H S, Budd, K, Burkett, G, Busetto, P, Bussey, P, Butti, A, Buzatu, A, Calamba, S, Camarda, M, Campanelli, B, Carls, D, Carlsmith, R, Carosi, S, Carrillo, B, Casal, M, Casarsa, A, Castro, P, Catastini, D, Cauz, V, Cavaliere, A, Cerri, L, Cerrito, Y C, Chen, M, Chertok, G, Chiarelli, G, Chlachidze, K, Cho, D, Chokheli, A, Clark, C, Clarke, M E, Convery, J, Conway, M, Corbo, M, Cordelli, C A, Cox, D J, Cox, M, Cremonesi, D, Cruz, J, Cuevas, R, Culbertson, N, d'Ascenzo, M, Datta, P, de Barbaro, L, Demortier, M, Deninno, M, D'Errico, F, Devoto, A, Di Canto, B, Di Ruzza, J R, Dittmann, S, Donati, M, D'Onofrio, M, Dorigo, A, Driutti, K, Ebina, R, Edgar, A, Elagin, R, Erbacher, S, Errede, B, Esham, S, Farrington, J P, Fernández Ramos, R, Field, G, Flanagan, R, Forrest, M, Franklin, J C, Freeman, H, Frisch, Y, Funakoshi, C, Galloni, A F, Garfinkel, P, Garosi, H, Gerberich, E, Gerchtein, S, Giagu, V, Giakoumopoulou, K, Gibson, C M, Ginsburg, N, Giokaris, P, Giromini, V, Glagolev, D, Glenzinski, M, Gold, D, Goldin, A, Golossanov, G, Gomez, G, Gomez-Ceballos, M, Goncharov, O, González López, I, Gorelov, A T, Goshaw, K, Goulianos, E, Gramellini, C, Grosso-Pilcher, J, Guimaraes da Costa, S R, Hahn, J Y, Han, F, Happacher, K, Hara, M, Hare, R F, Harr, T, Harrington-Taber, K, Hatakeyama, C, Hays, J, Heinrich, M, Herndon, A, Hocker, Z, Hong, W, Hopkins, S, Hou, R E, Hughes, U, Husemann, M, Hussein, J, Huston, G, Introzzi, M, Iori, A, Ivanov, E, James, D, Jang, B, Jayatilaka, E J, Jeon, S, Jindariani, M, Jones, K K, Joo, S Y, Jun, T R, Junk, M, Kambeitz, T, Kamon, P E, Karchin, A, Kasmi, Y, Kato, W, Ketchum, J, Keung, B, Kilminster, D H, Kim, H S, Kim, J E, Kim, M J, Kim, S H, Kim, S B, Kim, Y J, Kim, Y K, Kim, N, Kimura, M, Kirby, K, Kondo, D J, Kong, J, Konigsberg, A V, Kotwal, M, Kreps, J, Kroll, M, Kruse, T, Kuhr, M, Kurata, A T, Laasanen, S, Lammel, M, Lancaster, K, Lannon, G, Latino, H S, Lee, J S, Lee, S, Leo, S, Leone, J D, Lewis, A, Limosani, E, Lipeles, A, Lister, Q, Liu, T, Liu, S, Lockwitz, A, Loginov, D, Lucchesi, A, Lucà, J, Lueck, P, Lujan, P, Lukens, G, Lungu, J, Lys, R, Lysak, R, Madrak, P, Maestro, S, Malik, G, Manca, A, Manousakis-Katsikakis, L, Marchese, F, Margaroli, P, Marino, K, Matera, M E, Mattson, A, Mazzacane, P, Mazzanti, R, McNulty, A, Mehta, P, Mehtala, A, Menzione, C, Mesropian, T, Miao, E, Michielin, D, Mietlicki, A, Mitra, H, Miyake, S, Moed, N, Moggi, C S, Moon, R, Moore, M J, Morello, A, Mukherjee, Th, Muller, P, Murat, M, Mussini, J, Nachtman, Y, Nagai, J, Naganoma, I, Nakano, A, Napier, J, Nett, T, Nigmanov, L, Nodulman, S Y, Noh, O, Norniella, L, Oakes, S H, Oh, Y D, Oh, T, Okusawa, R, Orava, L, Ortolan, C, Pagliarone, E, Palencia, P, Palni, V, Papadimitriou, W, Parker, G, Pauletta, M, Paulini, C, Paus, T J, Phillips, G, Piacentino, E, Pianori, J, Pilot, K, Pitts, C, Plager, L, Pondrom, S, Poprocki, K, Potamianos, A, Pranko, F, Prokoshin, F, Ptohos, G, Punzi, I, Redondo Fernández, P, Renton, M, Rescigno, F, Rimondi, L, Ristori, A, Robson, T, Rodriguez, S, Rolli, M, Ronzani, R, Roser, J L, Rosner, F, Ruffini, A, Ruiz, J, Russ, V, Rusu, W K, Sakumoto, Y, Sakurai, L, Santi, K, Sato, V, Saveliev, A, Savoy-Navarro, P, Schlabach, E E, Schmidt, T, Schwarz, L, Scodellaro, F, Scuri, S, Seidel, Y, Seiya, A, Semenov, F, Sforza, S Z, Shalhout, T, Shears, P F, Shepard, M, Shimojima, M, Shochet, I, Shreyber-Tecker, A, Simonenko, K, Sliwa, J R, Smith, F D, Snider, H, Song, V, Sorin, R, St Denis, M, Stancari, D, Stentz, J, Strologas, Y, Sudo, A, Sukhanov, I, Suslov, K, Takemasa, Y, Takeuchi, J, Tang, M, Tecchio, P K, Teng, J, Thom, E, Thomson, V, Thukral, D, Toback, S, Tokar, K, Tollefson, T, Tomura, S, Torre, D, Torretta, P, Totaro, M, Trovato, F, Ukegawa, S, Uozumi, F, Vázquez, G, Velev, K, Vellidis, C, Vernieri, M, Vidal, R, Vilar, J, Vizán, M, Vogel, G, Volpi, P, Wagner, R, Wallny, S M, Wang, D, Waters, W C, Wester, D, Whiteson, A B, Wicklund, S, Wilbur, H H, Williams, J S, Wilson, P, Wilson, B L, Winer, P, Wittich, S, Wolbers, H, Wolfmeister, T, Wright, X, Wu, Z, Wu, K, Yamamoto, D, Yamato, T, Yang, U K, Yang, Y C, Yang, W-M, Yao, G P, Yeh, K, Yi, J, Yoh, K, Yorita, T, Yoshida, G B, Yu, I, Yu, A M, Zanetti, Y, Zeng, C, Zhou, and S, Zucchelli

Abstract

The mass of the

Published
2022

15. Laser-generated shock wave attenuation aimed at microscale pyrotechnic device design

Author

Hyeonju Yu and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

To meet the rising demand for miniaturizing the pyrotechnic device that consists of donor/acceptor pair separated by a bulkhead or a thin gap, the shock initiation sensitivity in the microscale gap test configuration is investigated. For understanding the shock attenuation within a gap sample (304 stainless steel) thickness of 10∼800 μm, the laser-generated shock wave in water confinement is adopted. The shock properties are obtained from the free surface velocity by making use of a velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR). Analytical models for plasma generation in a confined geometry and for evolution and decay of shock waves during the propagation are considered. The shape and amplitude of the laser-driven initial pressure load and its attenuation pattern in the gap are effectively controlled for targeting the microscale propagation distance and subsequent triggering pressure for the acceptor charge. The reported results are important in the precise controlling of the shock strength during the laser initiation of microscale pyrotechnic devices.

Published
2016
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16. Critical changes in the ignition and combustion characteristics of aged titanium-based initiators

Author

Jack J. Yoh and Juyoung Oh

Subjects
Materials science, 010304 chemical physics, Potassium perchlorate, General Chemical Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Titanium hydride, Autoignition temperature, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Activation energy, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Chemical kinetics, Ignition system, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fuel Technology, 020401 chemical engineering, Chemical engineering, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0204 chemical engineering, Thermal analysis
Abstract

Titanium hydride potassium perchlorate (THPP), which is one of the most commonly utilized pyrotechnic initiators, can fail or deviate from the desired performance when subjected to aging. The aging process is known to change its composition as well as its thermochemical kinetics; however, the variation in the performance of THPP in terms of its combustion behavior has not been addressed. This experimental paper reports new correlations between the ignition and combustion characteristics of THPP. A thermal analysis, along with morphological observations, conducted on aged samples revealed that aging caused progressive oxidation of the fuels and subsequent decomposition of the oxidants. The reaction kinetics extracted using the isoconversional method pointed to a decrease in the activation energy due to thermal aging while the opposite was noted in the case of hygrothermal aging. In particular, an increase in the activation energy limited the range of ignition temperature and decreased the reactivity, thereby increasing both the ignition delay time and burn time. Such altered characteristics due to aging could lead to an inconsistent performance of the pyrotechnic initiators.

Published
2020

17. Multiscale modeling of transients in the shock-induced detonation of heterogeneous energetic solid fuels

Author

Sangyeop Han, Sanghun Choi, Bohoon Kim, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Inert, Materials science, Explosive material, General Chemical Engineering, Detonation velocity, Detonation, Mesoscale meteorology, General Physics and Astronomy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, General Chemistry, Mechanics, Combustion, Solid fuel, Multiscale modeling, Fuel Technology
Abstract

We pursued a quantitative comparison of the continuum and mesoscale simulations of metal particle reactions in a condensed explosive. The continuum or homogeneous approximation assumed a single combustible mixture; contrastingly, in the present heterogeneous treatment of a mixture, aluminum and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane were considered independent reactive granules of micron size with binder being inert material with strength. Both simulations similarly estimated the steady detonation velocity and peak pressure, while the early flame acceleration transients, marked by a complex flow structure behind the flame front, were observed only in the mesoscale simulation. The precise multi-interface processing techniques, combined with granule-level reactive flow models developed in this study, are deemed applicable to general heterogeneous solid fuel combustion studies related to granules of various size, shape, and reactivity.

Published
2020

18. Understanding the effects of blast loads on open spaces and enclosed structures in simulations and experiments

Author

T. Roh, Y. Lee, W. Lee, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Shock wave, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Explosive material, Field (physics), Point source, Adaptive mesh refinement, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Mechanical Engineering, Detonation, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Solver, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0203 mechanical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Blast wave, Geology
Abstract

When a high explosive detonates, a large amount of energy is released within a short time, creating a high-temperature and high-pressure environment accompanied by a blast wave. When the blast wave interacts with field obstacles such as building structures and ground soil, it produces a reflected wave. The complexity of the pressure field created by blast waves depends on the spatial characteristics of the explosion domain. To understand the blast wave characteristics in various environmental constraints, this study develops a large-scale hydrodynamic solver of shock wave propagation in complex spatial domains of two kinds. First, the propagation of a blast wave in large open spaces (20 m × 10 m area) was simulated using an adaptive mesh refinement technique programmed to capture the details of moving blast waves and multiple reflections. Second, a point source explosion in a two-room concrete structure (5 m × 7 m × 3 m) was simulated which makes use of the optimal merging of two equations of state, while a spherical detonation wave is stabilized before spreading into multiple rooms. The experimental data in both tests are used to validate the computational results presented.

Published
2020

19. Pogo Accumulator Optimization Based on Multiphysics of Liquid Rockets and Neural Networks

Author

Juyeon Lee, Hyunji Kim, JeongUk Yoo, Jaehyun Nam, Kook Jin Park, SiHun Lee, Tae-Seong Roh, Jack J. Yoh, SangJoon Shin, and Chongam Kim

Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Engineering, Artificial neural network, Liquid-propellant rocket, business.industry, Accumulator (structured product), Multiphysics, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Propulsion, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0203 mechanical engineering, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Aerospace engineering, business
Abstract

In this study, a numerical analysis of pogo instability in liquid propulsion rockets was conducted and an optimization of the pogo suppressor was attempted. Pogo analysis was carried out using nume...

Published
2020

20. An optimal configuration for spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy of bulk minerals aimed at planetary analysis

Author

Jaehun Jung, Jun-Ho Yang, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Orders of magnitude (temperature), 010401 analytical chemistry, Plasma, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Electrode, Electric spark, Optoelectronics, Breakdown voltage, Electric discharge, business, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Voltage
Abstract

Spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS) utilizes an electric spark to induce a strong plasma for collecting atomic emissions. The spark is an electric discharge characterized by a high voltage and low current, which occurs when the applied voltage between electrodes is higher than the breakdown voltage of the ambient surroundings of the electrodes. This study analyses the potential for using a compact SIBS instead of conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in discriminating rocks and soils for planetary missions. Targeting bulky solids using SIBS has not been successful in the past, and therefore a series of optimizations of electrode positioning and electrode materials were performed in this work. The limit of detection (LOD) was enhanced up to four times compared to when LIBS was used, showing a change from 78 to 20 ppm from LIBS to SIBS. Within the same CCD gate delay time and width, the signal intensity for SIBS was substantially higher than for LIBS by three orders of magnitude, due to the higher energy of plasma generated. Changing the electrode material and locating the optimum position of the electrodes were considered for optimizing the current SIBS setup being tested for samples of planetary origin.

Published
2020

23. Measurement of the charge asymmetry of electrons from the decays of W bosons produced in pp¯ collisions at s=1.96 TeV

Author

M. Kurata, Andrew Ivanov, Daniela Bortoletto, P. E. Karchin, A. Castro, V. Thukral, D. Goldin, G. Piacentino, M. Kambeitz, J. Keung, A. Mukherjee, Pavol Bartos, G. Manca, T. A. Schwarz, Monica D'Onofrio, M. Rescigno, Justin Pilot, Rainer Wallny, Mario Campanelli, V. V. Glagolev, H. Gerberich, G. Chlachidze, B. Auerbach, S. Donati, R. F. Harr, K. R. Bland, Kenichi Hatakeyama, D. Tonelli, T. Yang, Y. C. Yang, C. Paus, M. Franklin, Chris Hays, A. Semenov, Mark Kruse, Alison Lister, C. Plager, J. Nett, Stefano Giagu, J. D. Lewis, Hirokazu Miyake, S. Amerio, Alberto Annovi, T. Tomura, Jian Tang, P. Garosi, I. Redondo Fernández, O. Norniella, R. Vilar, C. M. Ginsburg, J. E. Kim, S. H. Kim, K. K. Joo, Scott Wilbur, Nicola D'Ascenzo, J. A. Appel, M. J. Shochet, A. Hocker, J. S. Conway, M. Iori, C. Pagliarone, T. Rodriguez, Javier Cuevas, Hong Ye Song, A. Simonenko, G. Pauletta, V. A. Giakoumopoulou, Virgil E Barnes, G. Volpi, Gervasio Gomez, D. W. Jang, V. Papadimitriou, J. C. Freeman, P. F. Shepard, S. H. Oh, P. J. Bussey, D. Waters, B. Di Ruzza, A. Ruiz, Adrian Buzatu, Y. Nagai, D. J. Cox, C. Galloni, T. Nigmanov, M. Gold, Koji Yamamoto, Ulrich Husemann, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, N. Moggi, P. K. Teng, Matthew Jones, D. Yamato, A. Savoy-Navarro, Yuji Sudo, Andrew Beretvas, Giuseppe Latino, D. Mietlicki, Jonathan L. Rosner, T. Miao, D. Chokheli, G. Punzi, Itsuo Nakano, I. Yu, Alan Garfinkel, Marcelo Vogel, Fabrizio Margaroli, J. R. Smith, P. Schlabach, P. Totaro, B. Jayatilaka, Henry J. Frisch, K. Gibson, Matteo Cremonesi, Fumihiko Ukegawa, Xin Wu, Th. Müller, K. Sliwa, J. N. Bellinger, Y. D. Oh, G. Flanagan, D. Torretta, Viviana Cavaliere, T. Wright, T. Aaltonen, L. Ristori, Y. Takeuchi, W.F. Badgett, Peter Wagner, W. Ashmanskas, S. Lockwitz, Sudhir Malik, M. Vidal, Marco Trovato, H. S. Budd, W. Parker, L. Brigliadori, Keunchang Cho, A. Elagin, A. Bocci, Jay Dittmann, Stephan Lammel, E. J. Jeon, T. Kuhr, F. Canelli, K. Takemasa, V. Saveliev, S. Moed, Kiminori Kondo, M. J. Kim, M. M. Deninno, D. H. Kim, A. Loginov, A. B. Wicklund, Erik Brücken, E. E. Schmidt, A. Cerri, D. Stentz, H. S. Kim, W. Ketchum, E. Thomson, J. Antos, Prabhakar Palni, C. Mesropian, S. Y. Noh, Kazuhiko Hara, S. Carrillo, E. Gramellini, Giovanni Bellettini, M. E. Mattson, S. R. Hahn, E. Palencia, F. Vázquez, A. Di Canto, Maxim Goncharov, J. Asaadi, E. James, Naoki Kimura, A. Kasmi, V. Vecchio, L. Demortier, O. Gonzalez Lopez, S. Leo, A. Mazzacane, J. Vizán, Luca Scodellaro, V. Rusu, M. Lancaster, S. Torre, Fedor Prokoshin, Sandra Leone, A. R. Clark, P. Giromini, Koji Sato, Anna Zanetti, Chen Zhou, J. Lueck, Peter Wittich, P. B. Renton, M. Mussini, Stefano Camarda, T. Harrington-Taber, Y. Zeng, K. Matera, T. Okusawa, L. Pondrom, S. Z. Shalhout, A. Mitra, W. C. Wester, R. Forrest, Y. Seiya, R. McNulty, M. Hare, A. Sukhanov, Sally Seidel, Federico Sforza, Manfred Paulini, G.V. Velev, D. Cruz, W. K. Sakumoto, M. H. Kirby, Elisabetta Pianori, Jane Nachtman, S. Wolbers, A. Pranko, Kevin Burkett, M. Tecchio, James Russ, Kohei Yorita, Stefano Zucchelli, Maxwell Chertok, Caterina Vernieri, Kai Yi, J. Huston, Luigi Marchese, H. Wolfmeister, Y. Sakurai, Michal Kreps, C. Grosso-Pilcher, Y. K. Kim, D. Lucchesi, J. Lys, R. Roser, Ryan Christopher Edgar, P. Murat, T. Liu, M. Shimojima, Fabrizio Scuri, A. Driutti, John Strologas, Lucio Cerrito, L. Nodulman, P. Marino, F. Devoto, Ziqing Hong, Roger Moore, Paul Wilson, Duncan Carlsmith, F. Ptohos, H. H. Williams, Q. Liu, L. B. Oakes, M. J. Morello, F. D. Snider, R. St. Denis, K. Ebina, A. Boveia, J. Y. Han, J. Boudreau, G. P. Yeh, G. Introzzi, A. Robson, R. Orava, A. Anastassov, Christopher Clarke, Walter Hopkins, G. Lungu, A. Napier, Rodolfo Carosi, S. M. Wang, A. T. Laasanen, C. A. Cox, T. Bae, R. D. Field, K. Potamianos, A. Artikov, F. Azfar, Tomoko Yoshida, Sergo Jindariani, U. K. Yang, T. J. Phillips, S. B. Kim, J. S. H. Lee, A. Isgrò, J. Kroll, R. Culbertson, F. Happacher, Matthew Herndon, Andrea Di Luca, J. Budagov, A. Bhatti, S. Rolli, Benjamin Kilminster, Barry Blumenfeld, Roman Lysak, I. Suslov, Sinead Farrington, S. Uozumi, K. Goulianos, Manfredi Ronzani, Aristotle Calamba, S. Poprocki, D. J. Kong, C. Vellidis, J. P. Fernández Ramos, P. de Barbaro, B. Carls, V. Sorin, Franco Bedeschi, P. Lukens, A. Bodek, D. Toback, M. Stancari, Yongsun Kim, A. Golossanov, M. Corbo, Y. C. Chen, S. Tokar, L. Santi, Giorgio Chiarelli, Emanuele Michielin, Mahmoud I. Hussein, Patrizia Barria, B. A. Barnett, T. R. Junk, Teruki Kamon, P. Mazzanti, Bruno Casal, D. Cauz, P. Mehtala, E. Gerchtein, J. Yoh, S. Y. Jun, Matteo Bauce, Antonio Limosani, Robin Erbacher, M. Datta, W-M. Yao, A. T. Goshaw, C. S. Moon, M. Cordelli, G. Busetto, Brian L Winer, D. Glenzinski, S. R. Hou, S. Errede, R. Madrak, J. Naganoma, Giorgio Apollinari, F. Rimondi, Tetsuo Arisawa, B. Esham, D. P. Benjamin, Joachim Heinrich, A. K. Mehta, G. B. Yu, S. Behari, Y. Funakoshi, Y. Kato, J. Guimaraes Da Costa, K. T. Pitts, I. V. Gorelov, Zhenbin Wu, K. Tollefson, Pierfrancesco Butti, A. V. Kotwal, I. Shreyber-Tecker, D. Amidei, Jacobo Konigsberg, Elliot Lipeles, R. E. Hughes, Daniel Whiteson, F. Ruffini, A. Aurisano, J. S. Wilson, N. Giokaris, J. Thom, Kevin Lannon, M. D'Errico, M. E. Convery, Guillelmo Gomez-Ceballos, L. Ortolan, Paul Lujan, Massimo Casarsa, M. Dorigo, P. Catastini, C. Bromberg, A. Barbaro-Galtieri, T. G. Shears, H. S. Lee, and Paolo Maestro

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Tevatron, Parton, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, law.invention, law, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider, Collider Detector at Fermilab, media_common
Abstract

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton ($p\bar{p}$) collider, high-mass electron-neutrino ($e\nu$) pairs are produced predominantly in the process $p \bar{p} \rightarrow W(\rightarrow e\nu) + X$. The asymmetry of the electron and positron yield as a function of their pseudorapidity constrain the slope of the ratio of the $u$- to $d$-quark parton distributions versus the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the quarks. This paper reports on the measurement of the electron-charge asymmetry using the full data set recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab in 2001--2011 and corresponding to 9.1~fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The measurement significantly improves the precision of the Tevatron constraints on the parton-distribution functions of the proton. Numerical tables of the measurement are provided.

Published
2021

24. A direction sensitive detonation model for granular to continuum scale for shock initiation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate single crystal in multi-dimensions

Author

Ki-Hong Kim and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Experiments have shown that the shock sensitivity of a single crystal pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) has a strong dependence on the crystal orientation. The ignition and growth (I & G) model has been widely used in studies of the shock initiation of energetic materials while the model is independent of the direction of compression, and thus it is impossible to address anisotropic sensitivity of such material. In this paper, we base our new model in the recently proposed reactive flow concept that incorporates an anisotropic ignition mechanism that depends on both strain and strain rate which are given in the general tensor notation. A multi-dimensional simulation is performed in order to illustrate the strain dependence of the initiation of a PETN pellet. The model is applicable to any anisotropic energetic material subjected to a shock impact, not limited to single crystal PETN.

Published
2015
Full Text
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25. Toxic gas detection using 3-channel spark-induced plasma spectroscopy for indoor air quality monitoring

Author

Jun-Ho Yang, Sanghoon Park, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
History, Environmental Engineering, Polymers and Plastics, Spectrum Analysis, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Acetaldehyde, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Pollution, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Ammonia, Air Pollution, Indoor, Formaldehyde, Environmental Chemistry, Gases, Business and International Management, Toluene
Abstract

This study explored the toxic gas detection using a set of two spark-induced plasma emission spectroscopy (SIPS) modules as an alternative to conventional chemical sensors. This opens up a new possibility for detecting toxic molecules (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, toluene, and ammonia) in real-time (3 s) at relatively high sensitivity (5 ppm). An optimized electrical controller (Raspberry Pi), manufactured as a compact and economical 3-channel optical measuring device, was developed for handling the high-resolution time-resolved electrical signals from the plasma emissions. Subsequently, the findings of this research elucidate the usability of the 3-channel SIPS device for quantitative monitoring of toxic gases.

Published
2022

28. Accurate real-time monitoring of fine dust using a densely connected convolutional networks with measured plasma emissions

Author

Jun-Ho Yang, Sanghoon Park, Seonghwan Kim, Youngkyu Cho, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Air Pollutants, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Spectrum Analysis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Dust, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Pollution, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, Particulate Matter, Environmental Monitoring, Vehicle Emissions
Abstract

Accurate identification and monitoring of fine dust are emerging as a primary global issue for addressing the harmful effects of fine dust on public health. Identifying the source of fine dust is indispensable for ensuring the human lifespan as well as preventing environmental disasters. Here a simple yet effective spark-induced plasma spectroscopy (SIPS) unit combined with deep learning for real-time classification is verified as a fast and precise PM (particulate matter) source identification technique. SIPS promises portable use, label-free detection, source identification, and chemical susceptibility in a single step with acceptable speed and accuracy. In particular, the densely connected convolutional networks (DenseNet) are used with measured spark-induced plasma emission datasets to identify PM sources at above 98%. The identification performance was compared with other common classification methods, and DenseNet with dropouts (30%), optimized batch size (16), and cyclic learning rate training emerged as the most promising source identification method.

Published
2021

29. A non-calorimetric approach for investigating the moisture-induced ageing of a pyrotechnic delay material using spectroscopies

Author

Jun-Ho Yang, Jack J. Yoh, and Jihoon Ryu

Subjects
Exothermic reaction, Standard enthalpy of reaction, Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Moisture, Scanning electron microscope, Energy science and technology, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Article, 010406 physical chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Relative humidity, lcsh:Q, Chemical equilibrium, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, lcsh:Science
Abstract

The degradation of thermal properties due to ageing such as burning rate and exothermic heat release are unsolved issues faced during a long-term storage of the pyrotechnic substances. Accordingly, we employed various non-calorimetric methods to investigate the thermal performance of pyrotechnic delay, which is exposed to various moisture-rich conditions at extended durations. The chemical and physical changes in the compositions of a pyrotechnic delay comprised of metal fuel (Zr-Ni alloy) and oxidants (KClO4, BaCrO4) are analysed for four different relative humidity levels using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The calculations using the NASA Chemical Equilibrium with Applications (CEA) software indicated that the heat of reaction for the components stored under the moisture-rich conditions is reduced by more than 50%. Unlike the conventional calorimetric analysis, the present non-calorimetric approach provided the compositional changes as well as the cause and effect of the relevant ageing process of pyrotechnic delay.

Published
2019

30. Double-pulse laser synchronization aimed at simultaneous detection of enhanced atomic and molecular signals at low pressure conditions

Author

Jack J. Yoh, Hyung Min Jun, and Jun-Ho Yang

Subjects
Electron density, Materials science, Inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Spectral line, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Pulse (signal processing), 010401 analytical chemistry, Plasma, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, symbols, business, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

A double pulse laser system that combines Raman spectroscopy and laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) in a single unit is demonstrated. The study attempts to improve the atomic signals of LIPS while simultaneously extracting the desired molecular signals from Raman. In low pressure conditions such as the lunar atmosphere, the detection of plasma emission is difficult due to the low electron density and short persistence time causing a rapid plasma expansion. Moreover, in the integration of the spectroscopic system aimed at space exploration, the system size and weight should be minimized. Simultaneous molecular and atomic detection that gave highly resolved spectra of both LIPS and Raman at pressure below 0.07 Torr is achieved. First, a low-energy laser pulse was used to produce a small plasma and to detect the molecular signals through the inelastic scattering effect. Then, the laser pulse at a higher energy is used to produce a larger plasma plume for detecting the atomic signals. Amongst eight rock samples tested, plasma stacking by generating two sequential plasmas produced from the double-pulse laser on Calcite for example enhanced the signal intensities of calcium and oxygen lines by twofold, compared to a conventional LIPS.

Published
2019

31. Numerical analysis of the effect of the hydrogen composition on a partially premixed gas turbine combustor

Author

Seongpil Joo, Youngbin Yoon, Younghun Lee, Jack J. Yoh, and Jaehyun Nam

Subjects
Materials science, Hydrogen, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Numerical analysis, Flow (psychology), Flame structure, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Fuel Technology, chemistry, Particle image velocimetry, Combustor, 0210 nano-technology, Mass fraction, Syngas
Abstract

Large-eddy simulations (LESs) of a hydrogen-enriched 1/3-scale GE7EA gas turbine combustor are conducted. Four different fuel compositions are employed to investigate the role of the CH4/H2 syngas composition on the resulting flame structure and pressure oscillations occurring inside the combustor. A comparison with the experimental data is conducted to validate the numerical results. First, imaging processing is performed using an Abel-inversion technique for the accumulated OH mass fraction showing good agreement with the experimental images. Then, the calculated velocity fields are successfully compared to the experimental (particle image velocimetry) results. The results show that the flame structure is readily altered when changing the syngas composition; this strongly affects the flow field and therefore the pressure oscillations inside the combustor. When the hydrogen composition is increased, the flame becomes shorter and thicker, and its effect on the outer recirculation zone is minimized. When the flame length approaches the radial length of the combustor under certain conditions, the flame periodically attaches to the rigid wall and the pressure oscillations inside the combustor become amplified. Overall, the LES combined with the multi-step kinetics successfully predicts the variation in the flow fields due to fuel composition changes and reveals the role of the syngas composition in the combustor.

Published
2019

32. Chemical kinetics of multi-component pyrotechnics and mechanistic deconvolution of variable activation energy

Author

Anirudha Ambekar and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Chemical kinetics, Propellant, Materials science, Differential scanning calorimetry, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, Kinetics, Pyrotechnics, Thermodynamics, Activation energy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Combustion, Decomposition
Abstract

This study reports an experimental investigation into the chemical kinetics of several commercial pyrotechnic compositions. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was utilized to elucidate the thermo-kinetic characteristics of four multicomponent pyrotechnic compositions. The combustion process of typical pyrotechnics is primarily driven by condensed phase reactions including processes such as phase change, decomposition, and oxidation. The multicomponent nature of practical pyrotechnics results in a particularly complex interaction between the components when heated. A thermo-kinetic study was performed to simulate the heating experienced by the pyrotechnics before the combustion zone. The physical processes occurring within these temperature limits provide important insight into the overall combustion rate. The non-isothermal DSC experimental technique combined with isoconversional methods, such as Friedman and Starink methods were utilized to evaluate the apparent chemical kinetics parameters for these propellants. The observations from the DSC study and isoconversional kinetic analysis provided an insight into the phenomenology of the combustion process of pyrotechnics. The problem of highly variable activation energy due to the presence of multiple reactions was addressed through a mechanistic deconvolution using nonlinear regression technique. The study confirmed the prominence of oxidizer decomposition on overall combustion reaction kinetics.

Published
2019

33. Parametric study of a VLS based on 2-D FSI analysis

Author

Jack J. Yoh, Jae-Cheol Shin, Haeseong Cho, SangJoon Shin, HyunShig Joo, and Younghun Lee

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Jet (fluid), Materials science, Flow (psychology), Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Plenum space, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Ignition system, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Closure (computer programming), law, 0103 physical sciences, Supersonic speed, Boundary value problem, Parametric statistics
Abstract

Vertical launching system (VLS) is useful in operating and sheltering high-speed rockets. The aft closure in the plenum plays a significant role in protecting the interiors from the exhaust gas induced by the ignition of adjacent or in-positioned canisters. During the aft opening/closing event, a complex flow is propagated into the VLS. By presence of such structural components, it is necessary to analyze the interaction between the deforming aft closure and a highly pressurized plume. This paper presents a two-dimensional fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation under high pressure loading condition for preliminary design of VLS. A quadrilateral 9-node element based on co-rotational (CR) framework is used to predict the geometrically/materially nonlinear deformation of the aft closure while supersonic impinging jet plume is predicted by fully Eulerian modeling. A contact mechanism is also utilized to apply reaction forces between the structures and inclined plenum using a penalty term. The interface and boundary conditions are obtained by the hybrid particle level-set method via the Ghost framework. Furthermore, a parametric study is conducted by changing the thickness of the aft closure and the inclined angle of the plenum. It is expected that the magnitudes of pressure and temperature can be decreased by the introduction of appropriate thickness of the aft closure and inclined angle in the plenum.

Published
2019

35. Thermal decomposition behaviour and chemical kinetics of tungsten based electrically controlled solid propellants

Author

Jack J. Yoh, Meng Yang, and Kanagaraj Gnanaprakash

Subjects
Reaction mechanism, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Thermal decomposition, General Physics and Astronomy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, General Chemistry, Combustion, Decomposition, Chemical kinetics, Fuel Technology, Chemical engineering, Thermal analysis, Pyrolysis, Chemical decomposition
Abstract

In recent times, there is a growing interest in the development of electrically controlled solid propellants (ECSPs) because they offer various advantages over conventional solid propellants. However, the fundamental understanding on the complex reaction mechanism of decomposition/combustion of these ECSPs is still limited. The present study attempts to expand the knowledge on thermal decomposition mechanisms of ECSPs based on lithium perchlorate (LP) oxidizer and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) binder, and to further investigate the influence of tungsten (W) as a metal additive, using thermal analysis. The chemical kinetic parameters for different metallized samples are obtained and compared with the non-metallized baseline propellant. Decomposition of non-metallized sample occurs over three stages involving primary reactions between molten oxidizer and pyrolysis products of PVA, and secondary gas-phase reactions overlapping with pyrolysis of unreacted LP. However, metallized ECSPs exhibit only single step decomposition that incorporates metal oxidation as well. It is obtained that the initial decomposition temperature of non-metallized ECSP is 349 °C with a heat release from the overall decomposition reaction of 2043 J/g. Addition of W increases this overall heat release up to 43% for ECSP-M1 containing 5% W, whereas the decomposition temperature is reduced by ∼60 °C, when compared to the non-metallized case. This indicates that the thermal stability of ECSPs is lowered due to the inclusion of W particles. Further increase in W content diminishes the overall heat release by 10% and 13% with correspondingly more unreacted samples, and rises the effective activation energy by 36% and 60% for ECSP-M2 and ECSP-M3, respectively, relative to ECSP-M1. Based on the present findings, we propose the global reaction mechanism for both non-metallized and metallized ECSPs.

Published
2022

39. Real-time monitoring of toxic components from fine dust air pollutant samples by utilizing spark-induced plasma spectroscopy

Author

Jack J. Yoh, Jaehun Jung, Jun-Ho Yang, and Jihoon Ryu

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Air pollution, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Air Pollution, Metals, Heavy, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Industry, Emission spectrum, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Detection limit, Air Pollutants, Spectrum Analysis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Dust, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Plasma, Pollution, 020801 environmental engineering, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Electric discharge, Environmental Pollutants, Voltage, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

A growing modern-day concern is fine dust air pollution that contains heavy metals and ammonium ions (NH4+) from industrial and agricultural waste sources, respectively. In the current study, the development of an innovative and effective technique for real-time, quantitative monitoring of toxic fine dust components using plasma emission spectroscopy is presented as a complement to emergency preparedness plans aimed at reducing dust pollution. A novel spark-induced plasma spectroscopic (SIPS) device that can control the frequency and magnitude of plasma was developed for the toxic pollutants in this work. SIPS utilizes an electrical discharge from a high voltage at a low current to produce plasma when the applied voltage is higher than the ambient voltage surrounding the electrodes. The detection limit of this setup was enhanced by a factor of 4.3 over laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS). This compact sensing device was used in combination with a new quantitative analytical method to measure the concentration of heavy metals and ammonia molecules in fine dust air pollution. By integrating the time-resolved plasma emission signals that were based on the plasma continuum decay time of each element, quantitative measurements of the minute changes in composition of 0.1 μg/m3 were conducted. The findings of this study could inspire future research on the use of SIPS for monitoring airborne fine dust pollutants with better sensitivity in real-time via a new quantitative analytical method.

Published
2020

40. Towards simplified monitoring of instantaneous fuel concentration in both liquid and gas fueled flames using a combustor injectable LIBS plug

Author

Hyung Min Jun, Seok Hwan Lee, John Hyunwoo Kim, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Materials science, Hydrogen, Calibration curve, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Gasoline, Spectroscopy, Spark plug, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, Building and Construction, Plasma, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, General Energy, chemistry, Combustor, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract

In this study, instantaneous measurement of fuel concentration and flame diagnostics in both liquid and gas hydrocarbon fueled flame is presented using a simplified laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) approach. The newly developed device or hereinafter the “plug” receives specified lines from the plasma emission without resorting to the conventional LIBS system. Bandpass filters and photodiodes were mounted in the plug to capture hydrogen (656 nm) and oxygen (777 nm) atomic lines. Since H/O intensity ratio has a linear relationship with fuel concentration, the plug’s calibration curve between equivalence ratio and H/O intensity ratio is constructed. Single phase and two-phase hydrocarbon fuel fields were measured with the device using gasoline (liquid) and LPG (gas). With the advantage of simplicity of the plug, multiple plasma points and plugs were simultaneously applied in the fuel field and showed possibility of using a single laser device to construct multi-points concentration mapping. Also, flame diagnostics scheme was proposed based on the observed difference of intensity duration between reactive and non-reactive fuel fields.

Published
2018

41. Kinetics deconvolution study of multi-component pyrotechnics

Author

Jack J. Yoh and Anirudha Ambekar

Subjects
Materials science, 020209 energy, Kinetics, Pyrotechnics, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, Condensed Matter Physics, Combustion, Chemical kinetics, Nonlinear system, Differential scanning calorimetry, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Deconvolution, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Instrumentation
Abstract

This study reports an experimental investigation into the chemical kinetics of several commercial pyrotechnic compositions. A differential scanning calorimeter was utilized to elucidate the thermo-kinetic characteristics of five multicomponent pyrotechnic compositions. The multicomponent nature of practical pyrotechnics results in a complex interaction between the various components as well as condensed phase reactions. The thermo-kinetic study was carried out to approximate the heating experienced by the pyrotechnics before the combustion zone. The chemical kinetic parameters such as overall activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) corresponding to these reactions were estimated using Friedman and Starink method. The large variation in Ea attributed to multiple parallel reactions was addressed through the application of deconvolution techniques utilizing the Frazer-Suzuki function as well as nonlinear mechanistic modelling. The observations from the DSC data and the comparison between the deconvolution techniques provided an insight into the phenomenology of the combustion process of energetic pyrotechnics.

Published
2018

42. Modeling the shock-induced multiple reactions in a random bed of metallic granules in an energetic material

Author

Jack J. Yoh, Bohoon Kim, and Sanghun Choi

Subjects
Shock wave, Materials science, Explosive material, General Chemical Engineering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Kinetics, General Physics and Astronomy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Metal, symbols.namesake, 020401 chemical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, 0204 chemical engineering, Composite material, 010304 chemical physics, Granule (cell biology), Eulerian path, General Chemistry, Energetic material, Fuel Technology, visual_art, symbols, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Deflagration
Abstract

An investigation of shock–particle interactions in reactive flows is performed using an Eulerian hydrodynamic method with a hybrid particle level-set algorithm to handle the material interface dynamics. The analysis is focused on the meso- to macro-scale numerical modeling of a granular metalized explosive containing randomly distributed metal particles intended to enhance its blast effect. The reactive flow model is used for the cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX) component, while thermally induced deflagration kinetics describes the aerobic reaction of the metal particles. The complex interfacial algorithm, which uses aligned level sets to track deforming surface between multi materials and to generate the random shape of granule elements, is described for aluminized and copperized RDX. Then, the shock-induced collapse of metal particles embedded in the condensed phase domain of a high explosive is simulated. Both aluminized and copperized RDX are shown to detonate with a shock wave followed by the burning of the metal particles. The energy release and the afterburning behavior behind the detonating shock wave successfully identified the precursor that gave rise to the development of deflagration of the metal particles.

Published
2019

43. The hygrothermal aging effects of titanium hydride potassium perchlorate for pyrotechnic combustion

Author

Juyoung Oh, Jack J. Yoh, and Anirudha Ambekar

Subjects
Propellant, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Standard enthalpy of reaction, Materials science, Potassium perchlorate, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Titanium hydride, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Combustion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Differential scanning calorimetry, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Pyrotechnic initiator, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical equilibrium, 0210 nano-technology, Instrumentation
Abstract

Titanium hydride potassium perchlorate (THPP) is a well-known pyrotechnic initiator commonly utilized in the field of aerospace propulsion. The current study experimentally elucidates the effects of hygrothermal aging on the pyrotechnic combustion of THPP and proposes two methodologies for analysis. The first technique implements a two-step isoconversional method to analyse the hygrothermally aged THPP with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and the second method offers a novel aging prediction methodology by comparing the experimental heat of reaction values against idealized equilibrium values. As the heat of reaction plays a major role on determining propellant’s performance, NASA Chemical Equilibrium with Applications (CEA) was used to predict its value. The knowledge of the combined aging effects is directly connected to the performance, lifetime, and safety of a pyrotechnic initiator that utilizes the THPP. The values of heat of reactions for different samples with different aging duration were estimated based on their composition extracted from the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) study.

Published
2018

44. Numerical Simulation of Fluid–Structure Interaction Problem Associated with Vertical Launching System

Author

Jae-Cheol Shin, Min-cheol Gwak, Younghun Lee, Hyun Shig Joo, Heaseong Cho, SangJoon Shin, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Physics, Computer simulation, ComputingMethodologies_SIMULATIONANDMODELING, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, Finite difference method, Aerospace Engineering, Mechanics, Immersed boundary method, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Rocket launch, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 010101 applied mathematics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Fluid–structure interaction, Transient (oscillation), 0101 mathematics, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Plane stress
Abstract

We develop a combined Lagrangian–Eulerian method for transient fluid–structure interaction problems. Based on the ghost fluid framework for improving interface tracking accuracy between a fluid (ho...

Published
2018

46. Reconstruction of chemical fingerprints from an individual's time-delayed, overlapped fingerprints via laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy

Author

Jun-Ho Yang and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Materials science, 010401 analytical chemistry, Atomic emission spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, Laser, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Latent fingerprint, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Time delayed, Fingerprint, law, symbols, 030216 legal & forensic medicine, Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a method for atomic emission analysis that can be used to analyze the chemical composition of samples in the forensic investigations. The combined effort of extracting, analyzing, and restoring latent fingerprints at crime scenes is an important step toward successful arrests, and hence, the purpose of this research is to estimate the temporal sequence at which a fingerprint was imprinted from an individual. The difference in the laser spectrum from a latent fingerprint at times from 0 to 60 min after it was left was analyzed using LIBS and Raman spectroscopy, both of which require no chemical pre-treatment of the sample. We found that the signal intensity changes with time, 60 min after the imprint was made for the wavelengths of CN band, fatty acid, amino acid, and oil components. Based on these preliminary findings, the chemometric analysis was performed on the spectrum data obtained from 60 min of exposure time and the time-sequenced overlapping fingerprints were distinguished, which were imprinted at intervals of 10, 20, 30, and 40 min using SIMCA and PLS-DA classification methods.

Published
2018

47. Analytical Methods to Distinguish the Positive and Negative Spectra of Mineral and Environmental Elements Using Deep Ablation Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Author

Jun-Ho Yang, Dongyoung Kim, Soo-Jin Choi, and Jack J. Yoh

Subjects
Materials science, Mineral, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, medicine.medical_treatment, Analytical chemistry, Contamination, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Ablation, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, medicine, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Environments affect mineral surfaces, and the surface contamination or alteration can provide potential information to understanding their regional environments. However, when investigating mineral surfaces, mineral and environmental elements appear mixed in data. This makes it difficult to determine their atomic compositions independently. In this research, we developed four analytical methods to distinguish mineral and environmental elements into positive and negative spectra based on depth profiling data using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The principle of the methods is to utilize how intensity varied with depth for creating a new spectrum. The methods were applied to five mineral samples exposed to four environmental conditions including seawater, crude oil, sulfuric acid, and air as control. The proposed methods are then validated by applying the resultant spectra to principal component analysis and data were classified by the environmental conditions and atomic compositions of mineral. By applying the methods, the atomic information of minerals and environmental conditions were successfully inferred in the resultant spectrum.

Published
2018

48. A reduced order model for prediction of the burning rates of multicomponent pyrotechnic propellants

Author

Jack J. Yoh and Anirudha Ambekar

Subjects
Propellant, Pyrotechnic composition, Materials science, 010304 chemical physics, Atmospheric pressure, Pyrotechnics, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Overpressure, 0103 physical sciences, Forensic engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, Staged combustion
Abstract

This study reports a reduced order model for the prediction of the burning rate of pyrotechnic compositions. The combustion process of most pyrotechnics is primarily driven by condensed phase reactions. A priory estimation of the burning rate of pyrotechnics with multiple components may not be possible using the established methods. The study provides a simplified approach based on integral analysis of a proposed combustion wave structure for estimating the burning rate when the pyrotechnic composition, pure component thermo-physical properties, and thermo-kinetics parameter are known. The proposed combustion wave assumes a staged combustion process where the oxidizer undergoes decomposition in a broad reactive zone while fuel combustion occurs in a thin surface region. This approach takes account of the effective thermal conductivity as well as porosity of the pyrotechnic matrix. The pyrotechnic compositions studied here are expected to burn conductively at atmospheric pressure with little or no overpressure. The phenomenology of the combustion process of energetic materials is elucidated, and the reduced order model is validated through a case study.

Published
2018

49. Combined Forward-Backward Asymmetry Measurements in Top-Antitop Quark Production at the Tevatron

Author

M. Franklin, Gavin Davies, Lorenzo Santi, Y. Scheglov, A. Ruiz, K. Yi, Ping-Kun Teng, Jan Stark, S. Carrillo, Martin Grunewald, Milos Lokajicek, Darien Wood, S. Blessing, P. F. Ding, Scott Snyder, Jonathan Wilson, M. Herndon, Cecilia Elena Gerber, Luigi Marchese, Cecile Deterre, M. Lancaster, Tiehui Ted Liu, Prabhakar Palni, R. St. Denis, A. Fauré, Nikos Varelas, Sally Seidel, C. L. McGivern, Bing Zhou, P. Barria, D. A. Stoyanova, G. Piacentino, L. Brigliadori, Sergey Burdin, Chen Zhou, S. Bhatia, C. Royon, G. Ginther, M. H.L.S. Wang, Taegil Bae, M. C. Cousinou, Pierfrancesco Butti, Y. Seiya, G. Gomez, Christoph Paus, M. Cooke, S. Cihangir, Robert Hirosky, I. Howley, Fumihiko Ukegawa, Kristian Harder, A. Anastassov, Don Lincoln, Erich Varnes, Y. N. Kharzheev, Suyong Choi, P. H. Garbincius, A. Das, P. Svoisky, L. Oakes, S. Fuess, L. Pondrom, Jianming Qian, B. Kilminster, B. Casal, Pietro Marino, Giorgio Bellettini, R. Wallny, Hui Li, M. J. Shochet, Ron Lipton, Y. Sakurai, Virgil E Barnes, John Christian Freeman, K. Devaughan, Andreas Werner Jung, F. Ptohos, A. Elagin, Peter Wagner, Gueorgui Velev, Elliot Lipeles, K. Potamianos, DongHee Kim, S. Rolli, A. Di Canto, Marcelo Vogel, Hugh Williams, M. Iori, Robert Kehoe, Graham Wilson, Massimo Casarsa, W. H. Hopkins, Jongmin Lee, Lidija Zivkovic, Y. D. Oh, A. Kumar, Howard Scott Budd, Christopher Clarke, W. Ketchum, Philip Baringer, Hyun-Chul Kim, T. Kurca, A. Evdokimov, J. Kraus, Matthias Schott, K. Herner, J. Budagov, V. Gavrilov, S. Banerjee, T. Wright, Matthew T Jones, Aliaksandr Pranko, Gordon Watts, Romain Madar, D. Jang, N. Moggi, B. Di Ruzza, Ashutosh Kotwal, N. K. Mondal, Ting Miao, D. Boline, H. T. Diehl, M. Vesterinen, Jieun Kim, Andrew Askew, S. W. Lee, M. M. Deninno, Markus Wobisch, G. Latino, J. Zennamo, A. Dubey, Michael Mulhearn, A. Loginov, L. Feng, G. Golovanov, T. Kamon, Jay Dittmann, S. Amerio, T. Kuhr, A. Simonenko, L. S. Vertogradov, W. Geng, P. Lukens, Boris Tuchming, V. Glagolev, D. Stentz, A. S. Ito, T. Aaltonen, B. Hoeneisen, D. J. Cox, Q. Liu, D. Cruz, C. Bromberg, J. Clutter, Maxim Perfilov, R. McNulty, M. Hare, A. Drutskoy, J. K. Lim, A. Lucà, K. Pitts, Y. T. Tsai, C. Pagliarone, A. Boehnlein, Mark Raymond Adams, D. Karmanov, H. Hegab, V. Parihar, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, Stefano Giagu, John Hobbs, M. Hohlfeld, Antonio Boveia, Gregorio Bernardi, B. Carls, V. Sorin, A. Mazzacane, A. V. Popov, R. D. Schamberger, J. T. Linnemann, U. K. Yang, J. Nachtman, A. S. Santos, E. Brucken, Phillip Gutierrez, Frederic Deliot, G. P. Yeh, Douglas Benjamin, C. S. Moon, D. Menezes, Stanislav Tokár, Kohei Yorita, D. Glenzinski, Hal Evans, T. Head, D.P. Brown, Seo-Young Noh, P. Mazzanti, J. R. Smith, G. B. Yu, J. Ellison, Emanuela Barberis, Yuji Enari, K. Soustruznik, Elemer Nagy, S. Y. Jun, G. Savage, T. G. Zhao, W. Ye, V. Aushev, J. Conway, Thomas Ferbel, M. Prewitt, Nazar Stefaniuk, Yuji Takeuchi, J. Weichert, Song-Ming Wang, Y. Aushev, G. Grenier, F. Miconi, E. Kajfasz, A. P. Heinson, J. Boudreau, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, M. Savitskyi, Andrew Brandt, L. Bellantoni, A. Ivanov, S. Dutt, S. Caughron, C. Galloni, J. Nett, J. Warchol, J. Konigsberg, A. Kasmi, Pavol Bartos, L. Bagby, Oleg Brandt, Bjoern Penning, Franco Rimondi, Maria Rescigno, H. E. Fisk, D. Lucchesi, W. Ashmanskas, Sudhir Malik, L. Ristori, Ia Iashvili, Adrian Buzatu, J. Keung, G. C. Blazey, D. Torretta, L. Nodulman, A. Sukhanov, Andrew Beretvas, Brajesh C Choudhary, V. V. Lipaev, J. Lellouch, M. A. Pleier, A. Alton, T. Nigmanov, A. Mukherjee, R. Forrest, Giovanni Busetto, Y. Sudo, I. Suslov, Maxim Goncharov, Kunitaka Kondo, Richard D Field, V. E. Bazterra, N. Khalatyan, R. Ruchti, Thibault Guillemin, P. D. Grannis, P. Jiang, R. Yamada, P. Mehtala, Sandra Leone, P. Totaro, I. Ripp-Baudot, Hao Song, L. Scodellaro, J. Orduna, T. Yoshida, Manfredi Ronzani, Sinead Farrington, Andrea Bocci, D. Li, V. L. Malyshev, A. Y. Verkheev, Jeffrey A. Appel, S. Lammel, Giovanni Punzi, O. Norniella, Manfred Paulini, Manuela Campanelli, V. A. Kuzmin, H. Wolfmeister, Fabrice Couderc, F. Badaud, F. Happacher, B. Baldin, N. d’Ascenzo, M. Borysova, Sung Keun Park, Guillelmo Gomez-Ceballos, M. Titov, Christopher George Tully, Aran Garcia-Bellido, K. Hatakeyama, Young-Jin Kim, R. Illingworth, D. Mietlicki, Mitchell Wayne, H. Schellman, S. Torre, J. M. Kohli, L. Ortolan, D. Cauz, W. E. Cooper, A. Jayasinghe, P. Slattery, V. Giakoumopoulou, A. Sánchez-Hernández, S. Poprocki, E. Gramellini, William Wester, Adam Aurisano, S. J. De Jong, C. Hensel, P. Skubic, Joey Huston, P. Wittich, Ziqing Hong, Katsufumi Sato, O. Gogota, B. Jayatilaka, Daniel R Claes, R. Vilar, B. Auerbach, Liang Li, M. Corbo, Jean-Arcady Meyer, Davit Chokheli, J. Y. Han, F. Margaroli, O. Gonzalez Lopez, A. Bhatti, D. Hedin, F. Devoto, S. Leo, M. Mussini, V. Rusu, L. Welty-Rieger, Marc Besancon, Stefan Grünendahl, Elizaveta Shabalina, M. J. Morello, S. R. Hou, P. E. Karchin, A. Chapelain, S. Errede, Eugene E. Schmidt, Emily Johnson, D. Yamato, A. Golossanov, Vaia Papadimitriou, Alessandro Cerri, A. Mitra, Marco Verzocchi, G. Flanagan, J. P. Agnew, Dmitri Tsybychev, P. Lebrun, Yongsun Kim, Lev Dudko, Nikos Giokaris, A. Grohsjean, Y. C. Chen, V. Saveliev, Dmitri Denisov, J. Russ, Stephen R. Hahn, M. Kurata, R. Madrak, M. Buehler, J. Naganoma, L. Sonnenschein, L. Demortier, Chris Hays, Seog Oh, J. Sekaric, Michael A. Strauss, Maxwell Chertok, A. Patwa, H. Gerberich, J. Joshi, J. Martínez-Ortega, Yang Yang, Zdenek Hubacek, E. Palencia, Giorgio Chiarelli, R. E. Hughes, J. Antos, B. A. Barnett, Giorgio Apollinari, Pedro G Mercadante, S. Atkins, G. Pauletta, Adam L. Lyon, J. P. Negret, Victor Daniel Elvira, K. R. Bland, K. Takemasa, V. M. Podstavkov, P. F. Shepard, Arnaud Duperrin, Carlos Avila, K. Lannon, Eric B James, E. J. Jeon, F. Vázquez, D. Waters, Kazuhiko Hara, M. Fortner, A. Chandra, Satoru Uozumi, U. Bassler, S. Kim, Mark Edward Mattson, Alberto Annovi, S. Zucchelli, Ulrich Heintz, S. Söldner-Rembold, M. Eads, Kenneth Johns, J. Vizán, Marcia Begalli, M. Jaffré, C. A. Cox, Joseph Haley, H. Miyake, J. L. Holzbauer, Kihyeon Cho, Yoshikazu Nagai, P. N. Ratoff, Y. Peters, J. Franc, R. Luna-Garcia, Mousumi Datta, J. Lueck, Lucio Cerrito, R. Roser, Frank Filthaut, Regina Demina, Meenakshi Narain, J. Yoh, F. Bedeschi, T. Harrington-Taber, Y. Zeng, N. Prokopenko, M. Kambeitz, Mark Richard James Williams, Michael Hildreth, W. M. Lee, H. Greenlee, Claus P. Buszello, Ph Gris, T. Hoang, Yujiro Funakoshi, M. Diesburg, Darren Price, Hang Yin, A. Bross, R. Magaña-Villalba, G. Chen, J. Snow, A. A. Shchukin, E. Gerchtein, Fedor Prokoshin, H. T. Nguyen, M. Hussein, S. Z. Shalhout, R. Nayyar, S. Uzunyan, V. Bhatnagar, Alexander Kupco, Emilien Chapon, V. Simak, P. de Barbaro, T. Okusawa, T. Scanlon, T. Yang, Guennadi Borissov, J. Strologas, Y. A. Yatsunenko, Arnd Meyer, T. Rodriguez, James Nugent Bellinger, M. Cordelli, S. Kermiche, Anthony Ross, Shabnam Jabeen, Savanna Marie Shaw, Suman Bala Beri, Barry Blumenfeld, B. L. Winer, T. Tomura, Frank Fiedler, J. Asaadi, M. Merkin, Pierluigi Catastini, S. Chakrabarti, I. Katsanos, M. Dorigo, I. Heredia-De La Cruz, E. E. Boos, N. Parua, M. Tecchio, D. Toback, Arnulf Quadt, Alexander Khanov, R. Carosi, Alfred Goshaw, V. Hynek, A. Hocker, R. Bernhard, Amnon Harel, C. Schwanenberger, U. Husemann, Heriberto Castilla-Valdez, W. C. Fisher, W. Parker, M. Kaur, V. V. Tokmenin, G. Alkhazov, Charles Plager, Roman Lysak, S. Donati, K. Matera, D. Amidei, J. M. Yu, Karen Ruth Gibson, Antonio Limosani, P. Rubinov, M. Vidal, D. Vilanova, M. Cremonesi, Q. Z. Li, Lev Uvarov, V. M. Abazov, P. Wilson, Naoki Kimura, Mark Kruse, Alison Lister, I. Kiselevich, Bobby Samir Acharya, H. A. Neal, V. Shary, Daniela Bortoletto, S. Wilbur, C.M. Ginsburg, Pushpalatha C Bhat, Raymond Brock, K. Yip, S. H. Kim, D. V. Bandurin, Raymond Lloyd Culbertson, Jeremy Lys, R. Van Kooten, Neeti Parashar, J. Hogan, A. Juste, K. Petridis, T. Nunnemann, R. Beuselinck, W-M. Yao, Todd Adams, Javier Cuevas, V. Thukral, Jason Dhia Mansour, S. Greder, Iain Alexander Bertram, G. Chlachidze, Yanwen Liu, H. Frisch, A. K.A. Maciel, Lee Sawyer, C. Vellidis, S. Moed, K. Goulianos, Y. Xie, Fabrizio Scuri, J. P. Fernández Ramos, P. Giromini, Michal Kreps, A. Artikov, I. Razumov, M. Zielinski, A. Barbaro-Galtieri, M. D. Corcoran, Gianluca Introzzi, W. Badgett, M. Stancari, Arie Bodek, J. Hays, G. Gutierrez, P. Renton, Evelyn Thomson, V. N. Evdokimov, Th. Müller, M. Rominsky, M. Shimojima, K. Sliwa, P. Neustroev, Sabine Lammers, N. Osman, Liyuan Han, Jakub Cúth, A. Driutti, G. Lungu, R. Jesik, Kyung Kwang Joo, D. Edmunds, R. Lopes De Sá, M. J. Kim, Duncan Carlsmith, Thomas J. Phillips, Andrew Mehta, Zhenyu Ye, Yuri Gershtein, S. Lockwitz, Andrea Castro, A. T. Laasanen, G. D. Alexeev, Flera Rizatdinova, E. Camacho-Pérez, I. Yu, Reinhard Schwienhorst, A. M. Zanetti, Stefano Camarda, Jean-Francois Grivaz, G. Manca, J. Pilot, Arthur Barry Wicklund, Michael S. Gold, Kwok Ming Chan, Yuriy Ilchenko, X. Lei, Daniel Whiteson, Paolo Maestro, Michael H Kirby, A. Jonckheere, A. Semenov, F. Ruffini, A. Lobodenko, M. P. Sanders, B. Esham, M. Brochmann, Aidan Robson, A. Melnitchouk, S. Behari, Daria Zieminska, M. D'Errico, Y. Kato, J. Guimaraes Da Costa, D. Tonelli, A. Napier, T. R. Wyatt, I. V. Gorelov, Zhenbin Wu, R. Erbacher, P. Jonsson, Kamil Augsten, A. Pal, S. W. Youn, Thomas Hebbeker, J. M. Hauptman, A. Kharchilava, Siqi Yang, Elisabetta Pianori, I. Shreyber-Tecker, O. Shkola, Federico Sforza, Brad Abbott, Pierre Petroff, Gregory R Snow, Sergey Denisov, Viviana Cavaliere, G. Sajot, Horst Severini, Hakjae Lee, W. M. Van Leeuwen, Junjie Zhu, Joe Kroll, B. C.K. Casey, S. Wolbers, P. Lujan, Monica D'Onofrio, T. R. Junk, G. Petrillo, J. Tang, Jonathan Lewis, S. Uvarov, Marvin Johnson, Philip Schlabach, M. Trovato, A. V. Kozelov, Jonathan L. Rosner, B. Quinn, C. Mesropian, X. B. Bu, K. Ebina, Alice Bean, Willis Kazuo Sakumoto, Ryan Christopher Edgar, Xin Wu, T. A. Schwarz, C. Grosso-Pilcher, Viacheslav Bunichev, Volker Buescher, Peter Bussey, H. D. Wahl, Florencia Canelli, Matteo Bauce, Tara Shears, D. J. Kong, S. Desai, D. Goldin, Petr Vokac, Kirsten Tollefson, J. Thom, Risto Orava, M. M. Meijer, Kevin Burkett, T. Yasuda, P. Garosi, Aaron Dominguez, Jochen Jens Heinrich, I. Redondo Fernández, H. Liu, F. D. Snider, C. Vernieri, Guido Volpi, Itsuo Nakano, Harald Fox, Aurore Savoy-Navarro, S. W. Cho, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, Allan G Clark, Roger Moore, F. Azfar, David Cutts, M. E. Convery, T. Arisawa, Alan Garfinkel, James G. Bartlett, L. Suter, S. Jindariani, P. Murat, I. A. Vasilyev, A. Calamba, R. Partridge, Kenneth Bloom, R. McCarthy, M. S. Jeong, Gavin Grant Hesketh, R. F. Harr, Aaltonen, T., Abazov, V. M., Abbott, B., Acharya, B. S., Adams, M., Adams, T., Agnew, J. P., Alexeev, G. D., Alkhazov, G., Alton, A., Amerio, S., Amidei, D., Anastassov, A., Annovi, A., Antos, J., Apollinari, G., Appel, J. A., Arisawa, T., Artikov, A., Asaadi, J., Ashmanskas, W., Askew, A., Atkins, S., Auerbach, B., Augsten, K., Aurisano, A., Aushev, V., Aushev, Y., Avila, C., Azfar, F., Badaud, F., Badgett, W., Bae, T., Bagby, L., Baldin, B., Bandurin, D. V., Banerjee, S., Barbaro-Galtieri, A., Barberis, E., Baringer, P., Barnes, V. E., Barnett, B. A., Barria, P., Bartlett, J. F., Bartos, P., Bassler, U., Bauce, M., Bazterra, V., Bean, A., Bedeschi, F., Begalli, M., Behari, S., Bellantoni, L., Bellettini, G., Bellinger, J., Benjamin, D., Beretvas, A., Beri, S. B., Bernardi, G., Bernhard, R., Bertram, I., Besancon, M., Beuselinck, R., Bhat, P. C., Bhatia, S., Bhatnagar, V., Bhatti, A., Bland, K. R., Blazey, G., Blessing, S., Bloom, K., Blumenfeld, B., Bocci, A., Bodek, A., Boehnlein, A., Boline, D., Boos, E. E., Borissov, G., Bortoletto, D., Borysova, M., Boudreau, J., Boveia, A., Brandt, A., Brandt, O., Brigliadori, L., Brochmann, M., Brock, R., Bromberg, C., Bross, A., Brown, D., Brucken, E., Bu, X. B., Budagov, J., Budd, H. S., Buehler, M., Buescher, V., Bunichev, V., Burdin, S., Burkett, K., Busetto, G., Bussey, P., Buszello, C. P., Butti, P., Buzatu, A., Calamba, A., Camacho-Perez, E., Camarda, S., Campanelli, M., Canelli, F., Carls, B., Carlsmith, D., Carosi, R., Carrillo, S., Casal, B., Casarsa, M., Casey, B. C. K., Castilla-Valdez, H., Castro, A., Catastini, P., Caughron, S., Cauz, D., Cavaliere, V., Cerri, A., Cerrito, L., Chakrabarti, S., Chan, K. M., Chandra, A., Chapelain, A., Chapon, E., Chen, G., Chen, Y. C., Chertok, M., Chiarelli, G., Chlachidze, G., Cho, K., Cho, S. W., Choi, S., Chokheli, D., Choudhary, B., Cihangir, S., Claes, D., Clark, A., Clarke, C., Clutter, J., Convery, M. E., Conway, J., Cooke, M., Cooper, W. E., Corbo, M., Corcoran, M., Cordelli, M., Couderc, F., Cousinou, M. -C., Cox, C. A., Cox, D. J., Cremonesi, M., Cruz, D., Cuevas, J., Culbertson, R., Cuth, J., Cutts, D., Das, A., D'Ascenzo, N., Datta, M., Davies, G., de Barbaro, P., de Jong, S. J., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., Deliot, F., Demina, R., Demortier, L., Deninno, M., Denisov, D., Denisov, S. P., D'Errico, M., Desai, S., Deterre, C., Devaughan, K., Devoto, F., Di Canto, A., Di Ruzza, B., Diehl, H. T., Diesburg, M., Ding, P. F., Dittmann, J. R., Dominguez, A., Donati, S., D'Onofrio, M., Dorigo, M., Driutti, A., Drutskoy, A., Dubey, A., Dudko, L. V., Duperrin, A., Dutt, S., Eads, M., Ebina, K., Edgar, R., Edmunds, D., Elagin, A., Ellison, J., Elvira, V. D., Enari, Y., Erbacher, R., Errede, S., Esham, B., Evans, H., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, V. N., Farrington, S., Faure, A., Feng, L., Ferbel, T., Fernandez Ramos, J. P., Fiedler, F., Field, R., Filthaut, F., Fisher, W., Fisk, H. E., Flanagan, G., Forrest, R., Fortner, M., Fox, H., Franc, J., Franklin, M., Freeman, J. C., Frisch, H., Fuess, S., Funakoshi, Y., Galloni, C., Garbincius, P. H., Garcia-Bellido, A., Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A., Garfinkel, A. F., Garosi, P., Gavrilov, V., Geng, W., Gerber, C. E., Gerberich, H., Gerchtein, E., Gershtein, Y., Giagu, S., Giakoumopoulou, V., Gibson, K., Ginsburg, C. M., Ginther, G., Giokaris, N., Giromini, P., Glagolev, V., Glenzinski, D., Gogota, O., Gold, M., Goldin, D., Golossanov, A., Golovanov, G., Gomez, G., Gomez-Ceballos, G., Goncharov, M., Gonzalez Lopez, O., Gorelov, I., Goshaw, A. T., Goulianos, K., Gramellini, E., Grannis, P. D., Greder, S., Greenlee, H., Grenier, G., Gris, Ph., Grivaz, J. -F., Grohsjean, A., Grosso-Pilcher, C., Grunendahl, S., Grunewald, M. W., Guillemin, T., da Costa, J. Guimarae, Gutierrez, G., Gutierrez, P., Hahn, S. R., Haley, J., Han, J. Y., Han, L., Happacher, F., Hara, K., Harder, K., Hare, M., Harel, A., Harr, R. F., Harrington-Taber, T., Hatakeyama, K., Hauptman, J. M., Hays, C., Hays, J., Head, T., Hebbeker, T., Hedin, D., Hegab, H., Heinrich, J., Heinson, A. P., Heintz, U., Hensel, C., Heredia-De La Cruz, I., Herndon, M., Herner, K., Hesketh, G., Hildreth, M. D., Hirosky, R., Hoang, T., Hobbs, J. D., Hocker, A., Hoeneisen, B., Hogan, J., Hohlfeld, M., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, Z., Hopkins, W., Hou, S., Howley, I., Hubacek, Z., Hughes, R. E., Husemann, U., Hussein, M., Huston, J., Hynek, V., Iashvili, I., Ilchenko, Y., Illingworth, R., Introzzi, G., Iori, M., Ito, A. S., Ivanov, A., Jabeen, S., Jaffre, M., James, E., Jang, D., Jayasinghe, A., Jayatilaka, B., Jeon, E. J., Jeong, M. S., Jesik, R., Jiang, P., Jindariani, S., Johns, K., Johnson, E., Johnson, M., Jonckheere, A., Jones, M., Jonsson, P., Joo, K. K., Joshi, J., Jun, S. Y., Jung, A. W., Junk, T. R., Juste, A., Kajfasz, E., Kambeitz, M., Kamon, T., Karchin, P. E., Karmanov, D., Kasmi, A., Kato, Y., Katsanos, I., Kaur, M., Kehoe, R., Kermiche, S., Ketchum, W., Keung, J., Khalatyan, N., Khanov, A., Kharchilava, A., Kharzheev, Y. N., Kilminster, B., Kim, D. H., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. E., Kim, M. J., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. B., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. K., Kimura, N., Kirby, M., Kiselevich, I., Kohli, J. M., Kondo, K., Kong, D. J., Konigsberg, J., Kotwal, A. V., Kozelov, A. V., Kraus, J., Kreps, M., Kroll, J., Kruse, M., Kuhr, T., Kumar, A., Kupco, A., Kurata, M., Kurca, T., Kuzmin, V. A., Laasanen, A. T., Lammel, S., Lammers, S., Lancaster, M., Lannon, K., Latino, G., Lebrun, P., Lee, H. S., Lee, J. S., Lee, S. W., Lee, W. M., Lei, X., Lellouch, J., Leo, S., Leone, S., Lewis, J. D., Li, D., Li, H., Li, L., Li, Q. Z., Lim, J. K., Limosani, A., Lincoln, D., Linnemann, J., Lipaev, V. V., Lipeles, E., Lipton, R., Lister, A., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Lobodenko, A., Lockwitz, S., Loginov, A., Lokajicek, M., de Sa, R. 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A., Strauss, M., Strologas, J., Sudo, Y., Sukhanov, A., Suslov, I., Suter, L., Svoisky, P., Takemasa, K., Takeuchi, Y., Tang, J., Tecchio, M., Teng, P. K., Thom, J., Thomson, E., Thukral, V., Titov, M., Toback, D., Tokar, S., Tokmenin, V. V., Tollefson, K., Tomura, T., Tonelli, D., Torre, S., Torretta, D., Totaro, P., Trovato, M., Tsai, Y. -T., Tsybychev, D., Tuchming, B., Tully, C., Ukegawa, F., Uozumi, S., Uvarov, L., Uvarov, S., Uzunyan, S., Van Kooten, R., van Leeuwen, W. M., Varelas, N., Varnes, E. W., Vasilyev, I. A., Vazquez, F., Velev, G., Vellidis, C., Verkheev, A. Y., Vernieri, C., Vertogradov, L. S., Verzocchi, M., Vesterinen, M., Vidal, M., Vilanova, D., Vilar, R., Vizan, J., Vogel, M., Vokac, P., Volpi, G., Wagner, P., Wahl, H. D., Wallny, R., Wang, M. H. L. S., Wang, S. M., Warchol, J., Waters, D., Watts, G., Wayne, M., Weichert, J., Welty-Rieger, L., Wester, W. C., Iii, Whiteson, D., Wicklund, A. B., Wilbur, S., Williams, H. H., Williams, M. R. J., Wilson, G. W., Wilson, J. S., Wilson, P., Winer, B. L., Wittich, P., Wobisch, M., Wolbers, S., Wolfmeister, H., Wood, D. R., Wright, T., Wu, X., Wu, Z., Wyatt, T. R., Xie, Y., Yamada, R., Yamamoto, K., Yamato, D., Yang, S., Yang, T., Yang, U. K., Yang, Y. C., Yao, W. -M., Yasuda, T., Yatsunenko, Y. A., Ye, W., Ye, Z., Yeh, G. P., Yi, K., Yin, H., Yip, K., Yoh, J., Yorita, K., Yoshida, T., Youn, S. W., Yu, G. B., Yu, I., Yu, J. M., Zanetti, A. M., Zeng, Y., Zennamo, J., Zhao, T. 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Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Gomez-Ceballos, Guillelmo, Goncharov, Maxim, Paus, Christoph M. E., Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille ( CPPM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon ( IPNL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Abazov, V.M., Acharya, B.S., Agnew, J.P., Alexeev, G.D., Appel, J.A., Bandurin, D.V., Barnes, V.E., Barnett, B.A., Bartlett, J.F., Beri, S.B., Besançon, M., Bhat, P.C., Bland, K.R., Boos, E.E., Bu, X.B., Budd, H.S., Buszello, C.P., Camacho-Pérez, E., Casey, B.C.K., Chan, K.M., Chen, Y.C., Cho, S.W., Convery, M.E., Cooper, W.E., Cousinou, M.-C., Cox, C.A., Cox, D.J., De Barbaro, P., De Jong, S.J., Déliot, F., Denisov, S.P., Diehl, H.T., Ding, P.F., Dittmann, J.R., Dudko, L.V., Elvira, V.D., Evdokimov, V.N., Fauré, A., Fernández Ramos, J.P., Fisk, H.E., Freeman, J.C., Garbincius, P.H., García-González, J.A., Garfinkel, A.F., Gerber, C.E., Ginsburg, C.M., González López, O., Goshaw, A.T., Grannis, P.D., Grivaz, J.-F., Grünendahl, S., Grünewald, M.W., Guimaraes Da Costa, J., Hahn, S.R., Han, J.Y., Harr, R.F., Hauptman, J.M., Heinson, A.P., Hildreth, M.D., Hobbs, J.D., Holzbauer, J.L., Hughes, R.E., Ito, A.S., Jaffré, M., Jeon, E.J., Jeong, M.S., Joo, K.K., Jun, S.Y., Jung, A.W., Junk, T.R., Karchin, P.E., Kharzheev, Y.N., Kim, D.H., Kim, H.S., Kim, J.E., Kim, M.J., Kim, S.H., Kim, S.B., Kim, Y.J., Kim, Y.K., Kohli, J.M., Kong, D.J., Kotwal, A.V., Kozelov, A.V., Kurča, T., Kuzmin, V.A., Laasanen, A.T., Lee, H.S., Lee, J.S., Lee, S.W., Lee, W.M., Lewis, J.D., Li, Q.Z., Lim, J.K., Lipaev, V.V., Lopes De Sa, R., Lucà, A., Lyon, A.L., Maciel, A.K.A., Magaña-Villalba, R., Malyshev, V.L., Martínez-Ortega, J., Mattson, M.E., McCarthy, R., McGivern, C.L., McNulty, R., Meijer, M.M., Mercadante, P.G., Mondal, N.K., Moon, C.S., Morello, M.J., Neal, H.A., Negret, J.P., Nguyen, H.T., Noh, S.Y., Oh, S.H., Oh, Y.D., Park, S.K., Pétroff, P., Phillips, T.J., Pleier, M.-A., Podstavkov, V.M., Popov, A.V., Ratoff, P.N., Redondo Fernández, I., Rosner, J.L., Sakumoto, W.K., Sánchez-Hernández, A., Sanders, M.P., Santos, A.S., Schamberger, R.D., Schmidt, E.E., Shalhout, S.Z., Shchukin, A.A., Shepard, P.F., Smith, J.R., Snider, F.D., Snow, G.R., Söldner-Rembold, S., St Denis, R., Stoyanova, D.A., Teng, P.K., Tokmenin, V.V., Tsai, Y.-T., Van Leeuwen, W.M., Varnes, E.W., Vasilyev, I.A., Vázquez, F., Verkheev, A.Y., Vertogradov, L.S., Vizán, J., Wahl, H.D., Wang, M.H.L.S., Wang, S.M., Wester, W.C., Wicklund, A.B., Williams, H.H., Williams, M.R.J., Wilson, G.W., Wilson, J.S., Winer, B.L., Wood, D.R., Wyatt, T.R., Yang, U.K., Yang, Y.C., Yao, W.-M., Yatsunenko, Y.A., Yeh, G.P., Youn, S.W., Yu, G.B., Yu, J.M., Zanetti, A.M., Zhao, T.G., Clark, Allan Geoffrey, Lister, Alison, Wu, Xin, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)

Subjects
Top quark, Tevatron, General Physics and Astronomy, pair production [top], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Subatomär fysik, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), DZERO, Subatomic Physics, ddc:550, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Quantum Chromodynamics, Batavia TEVATRON Coll, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), media_common, Physics, scattering [anti-p p], Particle properties, 02 Physical Sciences, rapidity: difference, CDF, top-quark, difference [rapidity], asymmetry [angular distribution], kinematics, Physical Sciences, top: pair production, Quark, Particle physics, General Physics, angular distribution: asymmetry, Tevatron Collider, media_common.quotation_subject, Physics, Multidisciplinary, FOS: Physical sciences, Forward backward, ddc:500.2, Hadron-hadron interactions, Asymmetry, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, 114 Physical sciences, Marie curie, CDF Collaboration, anti-p p: colliding beams, Physics and Astronomy (all), [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, anti-p p: scattering, media_common.cataloged_instance, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, European union, 010306 general physics, Science & Technology, 1960 GeV-cms, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Q007TFB, Research council, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, colliding beams [anti-p p], High Energy Physics, Top quark, Hadron-hadron interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics, Particle properties, Tevatron Collider, D0 Collaboration, experimental results
Abstract

The CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron have measured the asymmetry between yields of forward- and backward-produced top and antitop quarks based on their rapidity difference and the asymmetry between their decay leptons. These measurements use the full data sets collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s=1.96 TeV. We report the results of combinations of the inclusive asymmetries and their differential dependencies on relevant kinematic quantities. The combined inclusive asymmetry is At¯tFB=0.128±0.025. The combined inclusive and differential asymmetries are consistent with recent standard model predictions., Physical Review Letters, 120 (4), ISSN:0031-9007, ISSN:1079-7114

Published
2018
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50. Formation of double front detonations of a condensed-phase explosive with powdered aluminium

Author

Jack J. Yoh, Min-cheol Gwak, and Wuhyun Kim

Subjects
Materials science, 010304 chemical physics, Explosive material, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Chemical Engineering, Detonation velocity, Detonation, General Physics and Astronomy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Mechanics, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Momentum, Fuel Technology, chemistry, Aluminium, Modeling and Simulation, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Mass fraction
Abstract

The performance characteristics of aluminised high explosive are considered by varying the aluminium (Al) mass fraction in a hybrid non-ideal detonation model. Since the time scales of the characteristic induction and combustion of high explosives and Al particles differ, the process of energy release behind the leading detonation wave front occurs over an extended period of time. Two cardinal observations are reported: a decrease in detonation velocity with an increase in Al mass fraction and a double front detonation (DFD) feature when anaerobic Al reaction occurs behind the front. In order to simulate the performance characteristics due to the varying Al mass fraction, the tetrahexamine tetranitramine (HMX) is considered as a base high explosive when formulating the multiphase conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy exchanges between particles and HMX product gases. While experimental studies have been reported on the effect of Al mass fraction on both gas-phase and solid-phase detonations, the...

Published
2017

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