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A software extension to the Windows Muon Data Analysis software package WiMDA has been developed for the analysis of µ −SR data, which has been dubbed Negative-WiMDA. In designing Negative-WiMDA, some key features were considered: it should be easily accessed from the main analysis window of WiMDA; it should be able to account for multiple elements in a sample; it should be able to subtract signals treated as unwanted background, allowing the user to focus on a particular element of interest; it should be able to handle transverse-field (TF) data, and perhaps most importantly, it should be intuitive to use. The main features of Negative-WiMDA are presented here with a few examples of their use.

Entangled spin states are created by implanting muons into single crystal LiY0.95Ho0.05F4 to form a cluster of correlated, dipole-coupled local magnetic moments. The resulting states have well-defined energy levels allowing experimental manipulation of the state populations by electromagnetic excitation. Experimental control of the evolution of the muon spin polarization is demonstrated through application of continuous, radio-frequency magnetic excitation fields. A semiclassical model of quantum, dipole-coupled spins interacting with a classical, oscillating magnetic field accounts for the muon spin evolution. On application of the excitation field, this model shows how changes in the state populations lead to the experimentally observed effects, thus enabling a spectroscopic probe of entangled spin states with muons., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures (Supplemental material included)

The steroid milieu of differentiating mammals influences aspects of growth and development. Changes to the steroid milieu of a differentiating mammal results in physiological changes to that animal. These changes can be permanent and identified as phenomena measured in later life. During prenatal development, steroids programme the timing of critical events such as birth, puberty and death. They also influence body shape and composition, growth rates, physiology, placental morphology, behaviour and sexual differentiation. Prenatal steroids programme livestock and their manipulation can result in enhanced growth characters in domestic livestock.

One hundred seventy-four Border Leicester x Merino ewes were mated to Romney Marsh rams. The ewes were randomly allocated to either an untreated control group or to one of four treatment groups. The treated groups were defined by the time (days postcoitus) of acute prenatal androgen treatment (APAT). The selected treatment times were 30, 40, 50, and 60 d postcoitus. Acute prenatal androgen treatment involved a single 2-mL i.m. injection of 100 mg/mL testosterone propionate. The statistical analysis of all measured parameters was performed using an analysis of variance via a general linear model. Postnatal plasma testosterone concentrations were not affected by treatment (P > .05). The time of treatment affected the observed responses to APAT (P < .05). Acute prenatal androgen treatment increased birth weight, ADG, and live weight and altered wool growth, plasma insulin levels, and ano-genital distance (P < .05).

Nineteen soda-lime glasses covering the commercial field were prepared, melted, and fined for 2 hours. The chemical composition of the raw materials was determined by usual analytical methods; the refractive index was determined by an Abbe refractometer; density, by the normal suspension method; and softening point, by the Littleton method with the furnace as specified in Jour. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 10 [4], 259-63 (1927). The data indicate the following points: (1) When the silica was kept constant by increasing the dolomitic lime at the expense of soda an increase in softening point of 11 to 12°C per 1% increase was obtained. Likewise the density increases 0.004 and the refractive index 0.0015 per 1% increase of lime. (2) When the soda was kept constant the softening point was practically constant. The density decreases 0.011 and the refractive index 0.0030 per 1% increase of silica at the expense of lime. (3) When the lime was kept constant the increase in softening point per 1% increase in silica varied as follows : 5% lime 21°C, 8% lime 17°C, 10% lime 15°C, and 12% lime 12°C. The density decreased 0.008 and the refractive index 0.0015 per 1% increase in silica at the expense of soda. (4) A thermo-chemical relation of the softening points and the chemical compositions (calculated) closely paralleling the “liquidus” surfaces of Feild and Roysters' system: CaO-Na2O-SiO2.

The preweaning growth and carcass characteristics offour lamb genotypes were analysed for variation attributable to the intrauterine cohabitant (IUC) phenomenon, where within-sex variation is attributed to the sex of a twin's womb-mate. The four genotypes resulted from the following matings: Poll Dorset rams × Merino ewes, Poll Dorset rams × (Border Leicester × Merino) ewes, Texel rams × Merino ewes and Texel rams × (Border Leicester × Merino) ewes. Four hundred and twenty twin lambs participated in the preweaning study and of these, 209 were slaughtered to generate carcass data. Some of these genotypes displayed within-sex variation in weaning weight and fat score, preweaning average daily gain, skin-fold thickness, carcass fatness and eye muscle dimensions attributable to the IUC phenomenon. Genotypic differences in the responses of lambs to the IUC phenomenon were also observed. The IUC phenomenon appears to involve prenatal programming, an hypothesis that attributes postnatal characteristics to events during differentiation. The IUC phenomenon is analogous to the intrauterine position phenomenon in fecund mammals, where variations in prenatal steroid concentrations programme for permanent alterations in postnatal reproductive characteristics. The growth responses reported in this paper provide evidence of variation due to prenatal programming. While the magnitude of the responses to the IUC phenomenon were not large, the data presented indicate that under field conditions, the magnitude of growth responses to the IUC phenomenon may be as great as those observed between breeds. If so, further examination of the role that an animal's IUC may have on its subsequent performance could aid the development of more sensitive indices for breed evaluation and progeny selection.