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3. The Study of Time III : Proceedings of the Third Conference of the International Society for the Study of Time Alpbach—Austria

Author

J. T. Fraser, N. Lawrence, D. Park, J. T. Fraser, N. Lawrence, and D. Park

Subjects
Astronomy, Mathematics
Abstract

The papers in this volume were delivered and responded to at the Third Conference of the International Society for the Study of Time. The meeting took place during sunny days, punctuated by an occasional brief storm, in the confer­ ence facilities of the Österreichisches College in Alpbach, Austria, from ]uly 1 to ]uly 10, 1976. In the middle of it came ]uly 4, the 200th anniversary of the Declaration ofindependence, and in honor ofparticipants from the United States there was a special session of papers on the subject of Freedom and Time. [See Fraser, Park in this volume. ] The effect of the papers was kaleidoscopic; reading the table of contents one can surmise the experience of those enthusiasts, and there were several, who heard them all. I think that most people who have been puzzled about time will agree that it is not clear wh at the puzzle is or from what direction the insights will come that will enable us to understand the situation a litde more clearly. As one of the participants wrote afterwards,'After all, we do not know apriori whether there exists areal unity in studies about time, but if one exists it must reveal itself progressively in the course of successive experiences such as these lectures. If it were easy to find, it would have been found already without the Society's help.

Published
2013

5. Time, Globalization and the Nascent Identity of Mankind

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Social group, Civilization, Sociology and Political Science, Collective identity, media_common.quotation_subject, Personal identity, Identity (social science), Sociology, Global citizenship, Object (philosophy), Identity formation, media_common, Epistemology
Abstract

A person's identity is defined by the ways in which he or she is similar to and different from other persons in body, conduct, and thought. The identity of a tribe, nation or civilization is also defined by the ways in which it is similar to and is different from other social groups of its kind. A peculiar difficulty arises when the identity sought is that of a globalized mankind because there are no other mankinds with respect to which ours could establish its hallmarks of similarities and differences. A global society is a one-and-only system of its kind, as unique as is the object we call the universe or the idea of God, in monotheistic religions. To get around the difficulties posed by this uniqueness, the paper notes that all identities must include references to intentional conduct and hence to time. It then takes advantage of this necessary relationship and discusses some representative issues unique to a globalized mankind.

Published
2000
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6. The Study of Time II : Proceedings of the Second Conference of the International Society for the Study of Time Lake Yamanaka-Japan

Author

J. T. Fraser, N. Lawrence, J. T. Fraser, and N. Lawrence

Subjects
Mathematics
Abstract

The Second Conference of the International Society for the Study of Time was held at Hotel Mt. Fuji, near Lake Yamanaka, Japan, on July I to 7,1973. The present volume is the proceedings at that Con­ ference and constitutes the second volume in The Study of Time series. • At the closing session of our First Conference in Oberwolfach, Germany, in 1969, I was honored by being elected to the Presidency of the Society, following Dr. J. G. Whitrow, our fIrst President. My mandate was to organize a Second Conference, consistent with the aim of the Society, which is the holding of interdisciplinary conferences for the presentation and discussion of papers on various as­ pects of time. Several participants expressed to me their wish to have a second conference held in Japan so as to emphasize the international and intercultural dedication of this Society. Dr. Fraser carefully evaluated this and many other suggestions, weighed the possible conference sites and our chances of raising the necessary funds to convene a meeting at such sites, and concurred with my conclusions that we should go ahead with the plans for a Japanese meeting. For the difficult and complicated task of raising funds and organizing a conference in Japan, I had to select and rely heavily on somebody both capable and reliable and also living in Japan. Thus, I asked the Reverend Michael Mutsuo Yanase, S. J.

Published
2012

7. The Study of Time : Proceedings of the First Conference of the International Society for the Study of Time Oberwolfach (Black Forest) — West Germany

Author

J. T. Fraser, F. C. Haber, G. H. Müller, J. T. Fraser, F. C. Haber, and G. H. Müller

Subjects
Astronomy, Social sciences, Humanities, Mathematics
Abstract

The First Conference of the International Society for the Study of Time was held at the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut at Oberwolfach in the Black Forest, Federal Republic of Germany from Sunday, 31 August to Saturday, 6 September, 1969. The origin of this conference and the formation of the Society goes back to a proposal due to J. T. Fraser that was discussed at a conference on'Interdisciplinary Perspectives of Time'held by the New York Academy of Sciences in January, 1966. It was unanimously agreed than that an international society should be formed on an interdisciplinary basis with the object of stimulating interest in all problems concerning'time and that this object could best be attained by means of conferences held at regular intervals. J. T. Fraser was elected Secretary, S. Watanabe Treasurer, and I was elected President. It was agreed, at my suggestion, that the organization of the first conference of the newly formed Society be left to a committee of these three officers, on the understanding that they would invite authorities on the role of time in the various special sciences and humanities to form an Advisory Board to assist them. One of the main difficulties in seeking support for an interdisciplinary conference is that most foundations confine their interest exclusively either to the sciences or to the humanities.

Published
2012

10. Chapter Fifteen. Prefatory Remarks To Chapter Fifteen: Reflections: Let A Dialogue Begin

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Natural philosophy, B-theory of time, Field (Bourdieu), Humanism, Set (psychology), Psychology, Umwelt, Epistemology, Human knowledge
Abstract

Professor Steineck is known for his neo-Kantian critique of the generalized umwelt principle, a tool of the hierarchical theory of time. Kantian thought emphasizes the intuitive and the spiritual over the empirical and material. The hierarchical theory of time is one in natural philosophy in the tradition of Newton and Whitrow. This chapter focuses on the generalized or extended umwelt principle, a tool of the hierarchical theory of time. It talks about the schools of neo-Kantianism. The scientific and humanistic details of the hierarchical theory of time have been set forth in several books and many papers. Each such detail abides by the modes of inquiry and self-checking of the field of knowing where it is located. The extended umwelt principle conjoins into a single system of ideas that have their roots and their functions appropriate for the many compartments of human knowledge. Keywords: extended umwelt principle; hierarchical theory of time; neo-Kantianism; Professor Steineck

Published
2010
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11. Human Temporality in a Nowless Universe

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Temporalities, Natural philosophy, Sociology and Political Science, Metaphor, media_common.quotation_subject, Temporality, Meaning (existential), Sociology, Universe (mathematics), Epistemology, media_common
Abstract

The human experience of time is that of an ever-changing present in which the future becomes past. By sharp contrast, the laws that govern the physical world do not allow any meaning to be assigned to a present. Since future and past, and the metaphor of time's flow make sense only with reference to a now, physical processes cannot, and do not, provide for a preferential direction of change. This paper shows how the undirected time of the physical world and the directed temporalities of life and of conscious experience may nevertheless be accommodated within a natural philosophy of time.

Published
1992
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12. The design and performance of the ZEUS Micro Vertex detector

Author

P.M. Kooijman, E. Hilger, G. Watt, Elisabetta Gallo, H. Boterenbrood, K. Korcsak-Gorzo, Eckhart Fretwurst, H.E. Larsen, D. Hayes, I. Bloch, M. Milite, Jonathan Butterworth, A. Longhin, R.C.E. Devenish, Roberto Carlin, M. E. Hayes, Amedeo Staiano, Katsuo Tokushuku, Anna Mastroberardino, U. Koetz, E. Lobodzinska, E. Borsato, M. Vázquez, P.D. Shield, C. Coldewey, V. Adler, Ignacio Redondo, G. Grzelak, C. Youngman, Roberto Sacchi, M R M Warren, Alexander Kappes, T. Haas, J. Martens, H.G.J.M. Tiecke, A. Polini, A. Garfagnini, Els Koffeman, D. Dannheim, S. Goers, M. Postranecky, B. Koppitz, L.W. Wiggers, James Ferrando, T. Carli, Michele Arneodo, T. Fusayasu, L.A.T. Bauerdick, T. Kohno, Claire Gwenlan, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, D. Nicholass, J.B. Lane, A. Bertolin, Shima Shimizu, M. Turcato, Ian Brock, G. Nixon, U. Klein, V. Chiochia, Mark Sutton, D. Notz, F. Dal Corso, J.S.T. Ng, G. Kramberger, J. T. Fraser, Enrico Tassi, T. Matsushita, K. Oliver, J. Rautenberg, E. Maddox, B. Surrow, R. Hori, Jaap Velthuis, M. Dawson, R. E. Heller, Marta Ruspa, Rainer Mankel, Robert Klanner, R. Walczak, Andreas Weber, U. F. Katz, and M.C. Petrucci

Subjects
Silicon, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Vertex (computer graphics), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, HERA, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Tracking (particle physics), Microstrip, ALIGNMENT, SENSORS, Silicon Detectors, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, law, ddc:530, Collider, Instrumentation, Physics, ZEUS (particle detector), business.industry, Tracking, Detector, ZEUS, DESY, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Vertexing, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract

In order to extend the tracking acceptance, to improve the primary and secondary vertex reconstruction and thus enhancing the tagging capabilities for short lived particles, the ZEUS experiment at the HERA Collider at DESY installed a silicon strip vertex detector. The barrel part of the detector is a 63 cm long cylinder with silicon sensors arranged around an elliptical beampipe. The forward part consists of four circular shaped disks. In total just over 200k channels are read out using 2.9 m 2 of silicon. In this report a detailed overview of the design and construction of the detector is given and the performance of the completed system is reviewed.

Published
2007
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16. ATLAS DETECTOR AND PHYSICS PERFORMANCE TECHNICAL DESIGN REPORT

Author

John Baines, T. Yang, J. Dodd, J-M. Noppe, S. Meuser, T. Embry, Ludovico Pontecorvo, V. V. Lapin, Alexander Cheplakov, S. P. Baranov, S. R. Hou, S. Errede, Valerio Vercesi, D. J. Schotanus, M. Keil, J. Stastny, H. Wellenstein, V.V. Gilevsky, W. J. Murray, I. A. Pless, Pavol Strizenec, J. Salt, V. A. Korotkov, Peter Jenni, M. Tadel, F. Tang, E. Sayouty, F. Rossel, J. M. Butterworth, W. Burris, M. El Kacimi, Akira Yamamoto, Ph. Demierre, Polina Kuzhir, Y. Jacquier, D. Hayes, A. Krivchitch, S. W. O'Neale, H. Ten Kate, F. Waldner, Petr Sicho, F. M. Newcomer, G. Chiefari, Jianqiao Ye, G. Lehmann, M. A. Dobbs, Yu.A. Khokhlov, Francesco Spanò, L. Holm, K. J. Anderson, H. Drevermann, Ph Martin, D.J. Martin, A. Atag, S. M. Fisher, H. van der Bij, Odette Benary, Mihai Caprini, C. Brouwer, M. Holder, M. Franklin, F. E. Taylor, P.R. Turner, Sam Daniel Mullin, G. Sette, V.A. Onuchin, J. Sorokina, Joleen Pater, Hiroshi Sakamoto, V.I. Sirotenko, Simon George, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, D. Glenzinsky, A. Astvatsaturov, Takahiko Kondo, L. S. Peak, A. G. Clark, Yu. Merzlyakov, F. Crijns, B. Canton, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, K. Jon-And, M. Vassiliou, D. Bocian, F. Haug, Sp. Dedoussis, J. J. Thaler, Rupert Leitner, M. Tyndel, Osamu Sasaki, V. Filimonov, P. Stassi, D. Kuhn, M. Spitalieri, F. Zuffranieri, J. Hrivnac, John Hart, Yu.I. Salomatin, A. Lebedev, G. Blanchot, David Francis, Marcello Fanti, A.G. Shamov, Stefan Koperny, Susanne Kersten, Theodora Papadopoulou, B. Kaan, G. Reinmuth, Kaushik De, B. Yang, L. Tuura, R. Hashemi-Nezhad, J. Pouxe, Th. Baer, A. Kerr, Uwe Bratzler, O. Martin, Patrick Fassnacht, J. M. Lopez, D. Calvet, G. Martin-Chassard, Vincent Hedberg, D. Sopromadze, Sylvain Fichet, A. Ferrer, Serge Smirnov, T. Lari, C. Zeitnitz, B. Dulny, M.V. Kuzmin, T. Kohriki, Vasiliki A Mitsou, P. M. Watkins, Elemer Nagy, M. Wunsch, R. J. Cashmore, Fridolin Dittus, V.V. Bryzgalov, D. Axen, Stephane Jezequel, Tomas Davidek, Edward Diehl, D. Breton, Shlomo Dado, B. Nicquevert, Bengt Lund-Jensen, L. Gustafsson, A. N. Sissakian, B. G. Pope, Daniel Lellouch, Laurent Vacavant, K. Hashemi, R. Beccherle, A.M. Lee, J. Fent, H. Schuijlenburg, A. Onofre, J. M. Crespo, M. Cambiaghi, T. Hansl-Kozanecka, V. V. Tokmenin, Andreas Petridis, M. Cailles, Anna Zuzana Dubnickova, Vitaliano Chiarella, H. A. Neal, Y. Iwata, K. Zitek, A. Perus, D. Bintinger, H.J. Rzayev, J. Ludvig, M. L. Ferrer, Henry Lubatti, Alexi Gongadze, Giovanni Darbo, P. N. Ratoff, J. F. Martin, D. Fasssouliotis, Paolo Camarri, Stefan Tapprogge, J. Vanko, A. Maio, Cheng Chen, Sylvain Tisserant, Sk Noor Alam, S. Rizek, S. Cologna, Yu. Gouz, A. V. Akimov, A. Artamonov, Jolanta Olszowska, D. Manjavidze, Andrej Filipcic, B. Rolker, Georges Azuelos, Alberto Aloisio, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, A. Greenall, H. Groenstege, C. Mayri, V. M. Malyshev, Helmut Vincke, Barry King, F. Alessandria, B. Thooris, J. Drees, I. O. Skillicorn, Z. Metreveli, Veljko Radeka, Thomas Trefzger, T. Liu, P. Rosinsky, H. Wahlen, J. Proudfoot, V. Snyatkov, D.G. Ebling, J. Ludwig, Lidia Smirnova, Laurent Chevalier, R. Arsenescu, A. Tchountonov, I. Tsoukerman, Javier Lozano, Ian Hinchliffe, A. Di Ciaccio, C. Hebrard, Evgeny Starchenko, K. Runge, T. Dubbs, B. Athar, A. Airapetian, W. Heubers, Z. Khorguashvili, A. Chekhtman, K. Mahboubi, J. Silva, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, M. Kucera, G. Hughes, Bianca Osculati, V. Grabsky, R. Yoshida, J.L. Beney, R. E. Hughes-Jones, Ryuichi Takashima, M. Jirina, M. Mencik, W. Ockenfels, F. Gianotti, N. D. Topilin, N. A. McCubbin, V. Soergel, K. Pretzl, B. Zhang, Martin Hoeferkamp, Alexander Borissov, Evangelos Gazis, S.C. Timm, I.E. Chirikov-Zorin, Petr Tas, S. H. Oh, S. Leven, Alan Poppleton, J. Weichert, R. Tirler, S. A. Robins, Yoshio Arai, Claude Guyot, I. Stekl, F. Kong, Bertrand Laforge, K. H. Becks, Leonardo Paolo Rossi, A. Liolios, E. Marschalkowski, John H. L. Hansen, P. Schwemling, S. Kullander, V. Kovtun, Marina Cobal, Oleg Fedin, O. Boyle, Elizabeth H. Simmons, Calin Alexa, Driss Goujdami, V. Koshtoev, James Shank, F. Dydak, Oscar Blanch, Barbara Liberti, Z. Tomiak, D. Prokofiev, Jianming Qian, A. Moreton, E. Vigeolas, B. Repetti, Georg Zobernig, A. Koutchenkov, C. Weber, S. Jarp, Yoji Hasegawa, M. Seman, G. Lutz, T. Haelen, J. C. Hill, Irinel Caprini, M. Hass, L. Micu, B. Scuri, D. Striegel, Martine Bosman, E. Hazen, F. Combley, A. Breskin, Margherita Primavera, T. Emura, B. Gallet, Francesco Ragusa, P. Malecki, G. D. Kekelidze, A. Amadon, H. Simmler, Paul Hanke, P. de Girolamo, A. Nichols, M. Chardalas, Samuel Silverstein, C. N. Booth, G. D. Alexeev, Flera Rizatdinova, Stefano Veneziano, B. Lorstad, Ketevi Assamagan, B. Dinkespiler, M Mandl, L. Zanello, Sally Seidel, G. D. Hallewell, R. Davisson, C. Conta, Yuehong Xie, Klaus Hamacher, M. Hess, Tatiana Klioutchnikova, M. Maneira, S. Zeldovich, A. Manabe, A. Konstantinov, T. Grigalashvili, E. Rulikowska-Zarebska, Oliver Keith Baker, F. Chollet-LeFlour, J-F. Grivaz, S. D. Kolya, D. Makowiecki, Luc Poggioli, Christine Kourkoumelis, R. Hamatsu, I. A. Gaponenko, G. Crone, G. Ridolfi, M. Ziolkowski, H. Korsmo, Livio Mapelli, N. Hill, J. Kotcher, A. Pozzo, R. W. L. Jones, A. Rudge, V. Senchishin, Laura Perini, V. Zaitsev, Victor Maleev, Armen Vartapetian, G. Passardi, G. Kieft, Karl Jakobs, O. Celik, A. Astbury, J. R. Carter, J. Hobbs, Yoshiji Yasu, F. Ballester, N. Cartiglia, A. Andreazza, Yoram Rozen, O. Bystrom, Mauro Iodice, Tord Ekelof, S. V. Mouraviev, Dirk Zerwas, D. H. Saxon, P. P. Allport, Nigel Hessey, F. Luehring, J. Ban, S. Basiladze, R. Stanek, Daniel Froidevaux, J. W. Chapman, Vadim Gratchev, H. L. Li, Frank Paige, V. Zhuravlev, V. V. Glagolev, T. Mouthuy, Bruno Mansoulie, N. K. Watson, H. Meinhard, S-O. Holmgren, P. J. Hendriks, P. Morettini, Remi Lafaye, Maria Smizanska, F. Broggi, Maia Mosidze, W. Kozanecki, G. Mace, S. Patricelli, T. O. Niinikoski, M. Kollegov, R. Carrasco, A. Bogush, Michal Suk, T. W. Pritchard, S. Patritchev, R. Zitoun, Marcella Capua, I. Shein, J. V. Dawson, Sanchita Bhadra, L. Azhgirei, D. Akerman, S. Kruchinin, J. Boniface, S. Wheeler, A. Masserot, C. H. Wang, S. V. Kopikov, Mikhail Kirsanov, J.B. Romance, P. Kyberd, S. P. Ahlen, P. Le Du, Alessandro Paoloni, C. Arnault, Speranza Falciano, G.A. Blair, R. Suglia, P. Gorbunov, Fernando Barreiro, P. Puzo, Giosuè Costa, J. Prast, M. Chalifour, D. V. Dedovich, M. Pepe-Altarelli, Jeffrey D Steinberg, Joaquin Santander, R. A. McLaren, Ole Røhne, L.E. Kirsh, Claus Goessling, D. Newman-Coburn, Edward May, C. Haber, Junichi Kanzaki, Joao Seixas, Leonardo Merola, G. Vegni, D. Zontar, G. A. Chelkov, R. Richter, H. O. Danielsson, N. Yamdagni, J. Blocki, H. Boterenbrood, Glen A. Evans, S.P. Konovalov, S. W. Snow, W. Bonivento, Enrique J. Fernández, G. Mirabelli, R. S. Orr, Alexander Lincoln Read, K. Bos, T. J. Sloan, Luiz Caloba, M. Stavrianakou, I.S. Satsunkevich, Ralf P. Richter, Sten Hellman, J. T. Fraser, Mogens Dam, N. A. Smith, Paola Sala, Lei Zhang, J. Snow, Jan Jakubek, C. Chollet, R. Salukvadze, M.L. Levitsky, Michael Rijssenbeek, T. Stockmanns, V. G. Zaets, M. Nikolenko, B. Renk, J. Zhao, M.J. Varanda, B. M. Hawes, B. Pineiro, N. Juravlev, A. DiMattia, D. G. Charlton, F. Constantin, R. Cranfield, J.A. Dijkema, V. Dodonov, D. C. Bailey, A. Semenov, A. De Angelis, C. Rabier, J. Koehler, Andrea Negri, V.N. Mikhailin, Dugan O'Neil, G.F. Moorhead, L. Chikovani, F. Marzano, K. Merle, P. Creti, S. González de la Hoz, T-Y. Chen, Jordan Martins, J.J. Mares, I. P. Duerdoth, M Morrissey, A. G. Frodesen, J. R. Bensinger, Yu. Sedykh, Yu. Tsyupa, B. Van Eijk, H. Takeda, Jozef Ferencei, G. C. Barrand, B. A. Khomenko, C.W. Fabjan, E. Anderssen, N. Graf, M. Dobson, Gokhan Unel, R. Othegraven, B. Merkel, Richard Brenner, L. Gabunia, V. Pancheluga, Igor Gavrilenko, Pavel P. Povinec, V. Anosov, W. J. Robertson, D. Levin, Roberto Cardarelli, V.S. Panin, F. Daudon, G. Comes, A. Scheltckov, Val O'Shea, I. Mandjavidze, M. Fortner, Q. Ouyang, J. G. Loken, G.-J. Pols, C. Lesmond, T. Medcalf, Dario Barberis, Horst Oberlack, M. Huet, G. P. Benincasa, A. Filippas, C. A. Heusch, C.K. Jung, P. S. Marrocchesi, Alessandra Ciocio, K. Sliwa, J. T. Linnemann, S. Klimenko, Peter Schmid, J. Stanicek, Arnaud Ferrari, K. Tittel, D. Fasching, M. Blaquiere, Konrad Kleinknecht, R. Maenner, J-J. Veillet, D. Shabalin, S.E. Willis, B.T. Payne, A. Fernandez, Petre Dita, Yu.F. Lomakin, A. Ulvi Yilmazer, M. Aderholz, Shaun Roe, Z. Hajduk, Simonetta Gentile, A. Geiser, A. Soroko, M. Zdrazil, Q. Zhang, Yasushi Nagasaka, K-H. Noffz, K. Wyllie, Tara Shears, Vladimir Sulin, Edisher Tskhadadze, P. Roy, A.J. Flavell, D. Kouba, S. Dagan, P. B. Renton, K. Ryabchenko, E. Spiriti, K. Honscheid, G. Zuk, M. Simic, P. Gerlach, F. Molinie, Patrick Slattery, P. de Saintignon, Christoph Schwick, R. Spiwoks, J. Callahan, P. F. Klok, M. H. Shaevitz, A. H. Mahmood, I. Stumer, V. Klasen, G. De Zorzi, Paul Keener, M. Strauss, N. Zhang, Raymond Brock, F. Schaefer, Doug Gingrich, V. M. Kotov, K. Fuchs, K.H. Geib, R.L. English, Victor Kukhtin, S. Podkladkin, M. Valdata-Nappi, T. Hoare, U. Pfeiffer, H. Schick, Jie Chen, M. J. Kobel, Manuel Lozano, R. Marchesini, E. Pod, Christopher Bee, E.R.S. Candlin, Giovanna Ambrosini, K. W. Glitza, T. A. Hodges, O. Pukhov, Ph. Schune, William Trischuk, Christophe Clement, Yury Tikhonov, Rachid Mazini, V. Sosnovtzev, P. Perrodo, N.I. Bozko, Christoph Posch, D. Cacaut, R. de Asmundis, Reiner Hauser, I. Falleau, T. Buran, L. Bjorset, Y. Eisenberg, T. J. McMahon, M. J. Losty, J. Rothberg, R. Langstaff, Stavros Maltezos, W. Flegel, C. Geweniger, Irakli Minashvili, A. Staude, P. Breugnon, N. Dumont-Dayot, Dan Pantea, V. Cook, B. Kisielewski, Marjorie Shapiro, J.M. Yamartino, S. L. Wu, V. Konstantinov, Isabelle Wingerter-Seez, T. Kawamoto, P R Poffenberger, Gene E. Alexander, T. H. Burnett, H. Saidi, J. Treis, Wim Lavrijsen, D. J. Candlin, Guido Gagliardi, G. Midttun, K. Homma, A. Y. Savine, Roberto Ferrari, L. Tremblet, M. J. Goodrick, J. M. Foster, Y. Watase, I. R. Boyko, A. Kulemzin, F. S. Merritt, Els Koffeman, I. Lochak, V.A. Senko, N. Khovansky, O. Kurtulus, D. Schweiger, P. Farthouat, L. Tkachev, Carmen Maidantchik, V. Flyagin, R. Santonico, E. Auge, Pascal Pralavorio, A-C. Schaffer, J. Schwindling, A. Lagatta, Lamberto Luminari, D. Bloess, Didier Imbault, A. Miagkov, Johann Collot, P. Skubic, M. J. Pearce, M. Campbell, A. Charalambous, Fedor Prokoshin, G. Sauvage, A. A. Minaenko, E. Perrin, R.J. Staley, M. Kulseth, Bt Huffman, K. Efstathiou, C. Raine, V. Flaminio, S. Semenov, M. Gold, C. Bourdarios, D. Schamberger, J. David, D. Wells, T. Ohsugi, P. H. Hansen, A. Vanyashin, R. C. W. Henderson, Andrei Kiryunin, Stanislav Nemecek, H. Hakopian, V. Tchmil, Enrique Sanchis, Riccardo Paoletti, J. Gara, E. E. Kluge, P. Sutcliffe, J. Soulhat, D. Lissauer, M. Stedron, Nicola Labanca, Portuguesa U., Figueira da Foz Nova U., Lisboa, Vasile Mihai Ghete, K. Nurdan, Jemal Khubua, Parker, G. Gogiberidze, R. Heeley, Franz E. Bauer, B. Di Girolamo, M. J. Shochet, Alexandre Rozanov, T. Kobayashi, R. Pose, Claudio Santoni, A. Napier, A. Le Van Suu, M. G. D. Gilchriese, J. A. Strong, G. Gorfine, Pavel Shatalov, B. Ye, W. Tribanek, Hasko Stenzel, A. Nozdrin, P. Sinervo, S. Gadomski, Joey Huston, E. Usenko, Denis Salihagic, L. Hinz, Kevin M. Smith, W. Witzeling, Gerald Oakham, N. Meric, C. Billat, Olga Botner, P. Starovoytov, L. S. Vertogradov, Erez Etzion, B. J. Saunders, Krzysztof Korcyl, Amnon Harel, O. Milgrome, F. Rohrbach, J. C. Vermeulen, J. Sondericker, R. Lefèvre, J.C. Hewlett, M. Kollefrath, A. Radu, Juan Antonio Garcia Pascual, I. R. Kenyon, J. A. Wilson, G. Pauletta, V. Tocut, X. Riccadonna, R. G. Wagner, David Robinson, A. Kojine, M. O'Neil, D. Kiesilewska, Milos Lokajicek, Alexander Solodkov, F. Astesan, H. Danielson, M.J. Murtagh, M. Sosebee, F. Marullo, C. Bacci, Miguel Ullan, K. H. Ackermann, A. N. Karyukhin, J.M. Rey, A. Mitra, E. Mazzoni, G. Scherberger, G. A. Beck, J. Garvey, W. Bertoli, T. W. Jones, Peter Chochula, E. Pace, T. Conka, Norbert Wermes, Shlomit Tarem, G. Tarle, Hong Ma, S. Norton, Z. Krumstein, S. Almehed, R. J. Teuscher, D. England, A. Leger, Marcel Vreeswijk, Adriaan Koenig, Carmen García, L.S. Osborne, D. Laugier, Edmond L. Berger, J. L. Schlereth, N. Palaio, Edda Gschwendtner, P. Lichard, A. Lanza, V. Rehmann, Stanislav Pospisil, E. Acerbi, Michael Schernau, S. J. M. Peeters, Z.D. Thome, R. Garabik, A. White, Vincenzo Cavasinni, Steven Goldfarb, C. Fukunaga, E. Blucher, R. Chadelas, H. Singpiel, Mariusz Sapinski, M. J. Price, C. J. Oram, L. Wampler, B. Lundberg, M. Olcese, Karlheinz Meier, M. Kopytine, G. Meddeler, D. R. Botterill, B. Chiladze, C. Meessen, Jiri Dolejsi, A.V. Selikov, V. O. Tikhomirov, M. Aleppo, C. Biscarat, I. Turk, V. M. Romanov, Leonid Kurchaninov, A. Olshevski, S. Rescia, V. Teterin, J. D. Dowell, Pawel Grybos, Gunter Quast, A. Macpherson, A. M. Segar, Gilbert Poulard, H. Niggli, P. M. Mockett, A. B. Lazarev, Fares Djama, Hiderou Yoshida, Jean-Francois Laporte, John Scott Whitaker, R. J. Apsimon, K. K. Gan, F. Cevenini, J. Thadome, J. Kubasta, K. Kornmesser, L. P. Says, P. Carlson, A. Berejnoi, Namig Javadov, Tamar Djobava, L. Martin, Serkant Ali Cetin, V. Iamburenko, K. A. Johns, Britt Anderson, M. C. Edwards, D. Karmanov, J.M. Pentney, A. Mailov, C. Arnaud, P.W. Dunne, G. Schuler, Hisaya Kurashige, G. Belot, R. W. Stephens, C. Berriaud, J. Lesueur, C. Olivier, M. J. Oreglia, G. Volpini, B. Beaugiraud, Dmitri Melikhov, R. P. Middleton, Clara Troncon, Alessandro Cardini, W.J. Willis, N. Dressnandt, L. Blanquart, H. van der Graaf, J. P. Schuller, J.M. Ma, Carlos Moreno Martinez, Emmanuel Monnier, M. Dosil, Xin Wu, A. R. Weidberg, A. A. Grillo, João Carvalho, E. Borissov, E. G. Zverev, M. Belov, Y. Morita, Cesare Bini, J. A. Parsons, C. Hauviller, E.U. Ladygin, L. Popov, M. Asai, N. Massol, Masaharu Nomachi, Y. Tanaka, M. Imori, D. P. Stoker, Y. A. Gornushkin, P. Werneke, H. Sanders, M. Sinor, J.R. Hubbard, Are Strandlie, Uli Schaefer, Alison Holmes, D. Fortin, M.Yu. Bogoliubsky, Craig Buttar, A. P. Vorobiev, S. Negroni, G. N. Taylor, R. J. Sobie, D. Greenfield, Pierre Jarron, Dominique Pallin, James Pinfold, Michele Livan, R. E. Blair, P. Kubinec, J. Armitage, Halina Bilokon, R.W. Hatley, E. Delagnes, S. Cheng, M. Kostrikov, T.-M. Chou, F. Butin, B. Tanoren, D. A. Forbush, Fernando Marroquim, R. Engelmann, Marco Schioppa, F. Cerutti, Z. Sun, Gerard Montarou, W. J. Metzger, V. Tchepournov, Graham Thompson, G. Tzanakos, Anton Jusko, H. O. Ogren, D. Errede, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, N.A. Russakovich, F. Kaioumov, H. Carling, C. Linder, M. Dameri, E. Spencer, Ryszard Stroynowski, A. Duchesneau, Jan Godlewski, E. Fede, Andrei Snesarev, J. Klereborn, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, A. Moszczynski, B. Aubert, M. Ryabinin, B. Dulach, David Howell, P-Y. Duval, J. D. Hansen, Sanda Dita, H. Wu, T. P. A. Åkesson, Ladislav Andricek, A. Joshi, C. Gruhn, Francesca Campabadal, Th. Lagouri, Elliott Cheu, V. Goryatchev, M. Virchaux, M. Boosten, A. Kazymov, P. Amaral, N. Hoimyr, F. R. Wappler, Fabian Huegging, A. M. Zaitsev, O. Cloue, E. Neuheimer, G. Chlachidze, R. W. Clifft, Ilias Efthymiopoulos, John Huth, Y. Fu, Margret Fincke-Keeler, P. Borgeaud, S. Moccia, V.J.O. Perera, Claude Leroy, V. Kallinikov, V. V. Ammosov, A. Fedorov, Igor Potrap, A. Dael, L. E. Price, R Chytracek, Masahiro Ikeno, Alan Litke, M. Mazzanti, A. A. Carter, M. Engstrom, Vadim Kostyukhin, M. Luptak, J.G. Lynch, Aldo Saavedra, F. Andre, M. Blagov, V. Jemanov, Francesco Lacava, Philip Phillips, E. K. Johansson, U. Egede Anderson, R. Bonino, J.L. Chevalley, Jing Li, M. Fedotov, E. Casarejos, G.F. Xu, S. Kakurin, Pavlos Ioannou, D. Buira-Clarke, A. Manz, A. Pacheco, D.M. Hughes, Andrea Dell'Acqua, Richard H. Milburn, H. H. Williams, Stephen Haywood, I. Ivaniouchenkov, Yu. Merekov, H. Dietl, Alexei Maslennikov, Paul O'Connor, F. Parodi, T. Sasaki, M. Ackers, J. P. Dauvergne, C. Bohm, José Paulo Santos, Steinar Stapnes, F. Bertinelli, Valery Schegelsky, R. J. Thompson, Ilya Korolkov, Tim Jones, E. Spiridenkov, Giuseppe Mornacchi, E.J. Buis, M. G. Alviggi, P. Holik, C. N. P. Gee, S. Dubnicka, S. L. Lloyd, Stephen Maxfield, Bin Zhou, S. J. De Jong, H. F.W. Sadrozinski, Claudia Gemme, M. Speransky, H. Fujii, P. Staaf, Vladimir Vinogradov, F.P. Juster, JG Sanchez, F. Cataneo, A. Feshenko, M. Turala, A. Putzer, Z. Oussoubov, V. Boldea, R. Dankers, Ivan Sykora, Armin Michael Nairz, M. Ljablin, Tadeusz Kowalski, Giuseppe Francesco Tartarelli, W.K. McFarlane, P. Rewiersma, K. Borer, S. Kolos, R. Lay, Aleandro Nisati, An. Zalite, G. Battistoni, P. Imbert, Marek Idzik, O. Gachelin, G. Perrot, G. Polesello, G. L. Usai, J.P. Taguet, D. Rousseau, T. Fahlund, J. Budagov, A. Pazin, Michel Lefebvre, H. Landesman, Igor Alexandrov, Th.A.M. Wijnen, I. M. Gregor, V. Paolone, H. Guldenmann, Juan Fuster, F. Henry-Couannier, A. Reichold, Helio Takai, M. Webel, H. van Hille, J. Riabov, P. Girtler, Sonia González, S. Loken, Dimos Sampsonidis, H. Kristiansen, D. J. Munday, A. Webster, L. Drage, Jozef Masarik, Oliver Kortner, M. Rey-Campagnolle, M. Crouau, J-P. Coulon, A. Gomes, R. Caloi, Marco Fraternali, V. A. Gapienko, J.K. Mayer, V. G. Bondarenko, J. Kaplon, M. Schaller, Dirk Meier, M. E. Sevior, R. E. Hall, C. Del Papa, B. Szeless, F. Lugiez, M. Ibbotson, Y. B. Pan, B. Sellden, K. Kipiani, R. Kowalewski, H. Brettel, Giovanni Maccarrone, Vaclav Vrba, H. Kagan, A.Yu. Dushkin, Paula Eerola, F. Lemeilleur, G. Parrour, J. Petersen, A. R. Gillman, C. Caso, F. Desages, R. Kluit, Tomiyoshi Haruyama, J. Ernwein, Petra Riedler, Francois Touchard, Y. Usov, R. K. Mommsen, A. Placci, C. Hackett, P. Birney, A. T. Watson, A.S. Vovenko, Domizia Orestano, L. Zhichao, A. Marshal, Zdenek Dolezal, T.P. Shah, R. Lednicky, R. Marshall, D. J. White, C. Onions, L. Bugge, Abdeslam Hoummada, B. Gastineau, G. G. Hanson, S. Tatsis, B. McCarthy, L. Topchishvili, J. Damet, G.G.G. Massaro, Y. Pabot, B. Schoefer, R. A. Richards, B. Yu, J. Grunhaus, C. De La Taille, G. Bachy, A. Dos Anjos, G.J. Tappern, L. Xue, Elizabeth Gallas, A. B. Fenyuk, Halina Abramowicz, Cristian Stanescu, D. Attree, Ovsat Abdinov, Marko Mikuz, G. F. Susinno, N. Lupu, B. Alikov, T. J. Brodbeck, Claudio Luci, M. Mur, A. Soldatov, S. Los, R. Boyd, M. L. Andrieux, J. Freestone, Hans Peter Beck, W.W. Armstrong, A. Akhoundov, M. A. Shupe, P.G. Bright-Thomas, V. Shigaev, D. Hauff, M. Qi, R. Gomes, F. Machefert, A. V. Pleskach, Ch. Guicheney, A. Gazizov, G.G. Stairs, V.D. Khovansky, A. Khelashvili, R. Van Berg, C. Daum, E. Vernay, T. Del Prete, John Rutherfoord, Massimo Caccia, P. R. Norton, V. Kozlov, Maria Curatolo, V. Khomoutnikov, S. Tokar, P. D. Grannis, V. Zmouchhko, Ehud Duchovni, Vladimir Peshekhonov, P. Coe, José Bernabéu, M. Roney, A. Seiden, Wolfgang Walkowiak, A. Nadtochy, M. Deile, B.F. Wadsworth, O. Kuznetsov, Paolo Musico, Helmut Wolters, S. Lauxtermann, C. Weaverdyck, Peter Schacht, Y. Zolnierowski, V. Kalinichenko, J. Soukup, R. Gurin, Filippo Ceradini, Manolis Dris, B. Vuandel, S. Chouridou, M. Treichel, S. Berglund, Nicolas Ellis, M. Napolitano, Jorge Gomes, Michael Haney, A. T. Doyle, L. Labarga, N. Giokaris, S. J. Hillier, F. Hakl, Satoshi Tanaka, Andrei Micu, António Amorim, C. Rondot, J. Teiger, Srinivasan Rajagopalan, V.V. Tikhonov, D. Burckhart, A. Chilingarov, Irene Vichou, B. A. Dolgoshein, Leanne P. Guy, M. Vanickova, L.J. Carroll, W. Sippach, G. J. Bobbink, M. S. Dixit, Francisco Camarena, V. Medvedev, Yann Coadou, G. Ciapetti, G. Yarygin, Laurent Serin, John Hill, Alain Bellerive, L. Nodulman, A. Le Coreller, Igor Soloviev, Venetios Polychronakos, Gregor Kramberger, J. Pinhao, J. M. Maugain, Gary Drake, Anatoli Romaniouk, Horst Severini, Susumu Terada, Andreas Kugel, P.A. Fischer, M.V. Castillo, K. Amako, Y. Ermoline, J. Bohm, L. Miralles, R. Cherkaoui, Vyacheslav Klyukhin, B.J. Green, François Fleuret, A. B. Wicklund, Hubert Kroha, P. Karst, Asunción Moreno, M. I. Gostkin, E. Chesi, G. J. Feldman, S. Protopopescu, N. Seguin-Moreau, C. Girard, X. Meng, Chiara Roda, J. Bystricky, M. Leltchouk, S. Lami, J. Thion, B. Hallgren, A. Shikanyan, D.C. Rahm, Dominique Durand, S.N. Tovey, K. Soustruznik, S. Kashigin, S. Golubykh, E. Ros, A.B. Erasov, Fr Pastore, A. Batrakov, Kevin Einsweiler, O. Dorholt, I.L. Pisarev, Yu M. Sviridov, L. Koepke, N. Kundu, P. Weilhammer, A. Khasanov, V. Paschhoff, H. M. Braun, Hiroyuki Iwasaki, J.C. Pena, S. Pier, T.R. McMahon, F. Vales, Dorothee Schaile, R. Ball, J. N. Jackson, Per Werner, R. Irsigler, Genady Gavrilov, R.L. Wastie, D.E. Baynham, I.J. Scott, W. Kittel, Y. Zamora, V. Kravtsov, I. Valin, S. Jagielski, Allan Hallgren, R. J. Homer, Antonio Baroncelli, Ulrich Landgraf, Yu.V. Gilitsky, A. Shalyugin, G. W. Brandenburg, Aston Komar, F. Podlyski, L. Shaver, J-C. Clemens, J-P. Richer, B. Sopko, A. I. Kononov, Stefan Valkar, H. Cunitz, Y. Kulchitsky, P. Perrin, Lorne Levinson, Phillip Gutierrez, I. Wilhelm, J. Knobloch, E. Fokitis, B. Esposito, Anna Kaczmarska, M. H. Lehto, Dusan Bruncko, M. Postranecky, Mark Hatch, V.G Ivochkin, V. Rumyantsev, A. J. Lankford, J. Wuestenfeld, D.V. Camin, G. Renzoni, V. Golikov, T. Kuhl, A. Cavallari, Eugene P. Gross, R. Barratt, Z. Quian, O. Palamara, J.B. Lane, S. Malyukov, A. Hacinliyan, Serban Constantinescu, Adele Rimoldi, Richard Nickerson, S. Kotov, D. Tompkins, R. Fakhroutdinov, C. Lasseur, Georgios Stavropoulos, A. Akhmedov, Y. Velikzhanin, G. A. Smith, Marcin Wladyslaw Wolter, B. Madeyski, S. Schael, Edoardo Gorini, Houlden, B. Martin, S. Yu. Sivoklokov, P. Paschalias, A. Ostankov, D. Martin, C. Petridou, C. Bouzakis, M. Rouger, M. Nozaki, Ian Dawson, J. Soderqvist, M.I. Levchuk, Juan Bautista Roldán, Ulf Mjörnmark, C. Havet, B. Stugu, Mikhail Ignatenko, Carlos Lacasta, H. Higon, W.D. Lu, Baturitsky, Francis Anghinolfi, Monika Wielers, C. F. Feng, W. Blum, Elzbieta Richter-Was, D. R. Rust, Martin Aleksa, F.T. Khalilzade, Josue J. Lopez, G. Rudolph, N. Bingefors, U. Karshon, Tiefu Zhao, B. Kocper, J. Siegrist, I. Savin, M. J. Costa, C. Yanagisawa, H. F. Hoffmann, Luis Hervas, J. Schaapman, O. Le Dortz, H. Weerts, Francois Vazeille, J. McDonald, A. Gordeev, Saverio D'Auria, O. Solovianov, E. Arik, C. Couyoumtzelis, Alexey Dudarev, E. C. Katsoufis, P. Modesto, Pierre Petroff, C. Bromberg, S. Zimin, Silvia Resconi, A. Liparteliani, R. Chechik, Michael L. Barnett, Valery I. Telnov, R. D. Kass, C. H. Daly, C. Grigson, L. Santi, I. Lehraus, J. Colas, Marzio Nessi, Hiroto Kambara, S. Vorozhtsov, R. Ayad, X.Q. Yu, R. Davis, W. L. Ebenstein, F. Fares, D. Nicod, Ralph Bock, Andrey Ostapchuk, Y. V. Grishkevich, V. Batarin, G. Eigen, Yu.M. Antipov, B. Sundal, P. Gauzzi, Emilio Petrolo, J. Belorgey, F. K. Loebinger, P.S.L. Booth, S. N. Shilov, Z. Trka, F.L. Linde, Gideon Bella, S. Backovic, Peter Sherwood, D. Mercer, Eduard Kladiva, A. Farilla, Y. Unno, Tohru Takeshita, Alexander Mann, O. Gildemeister, Vicente González, S. P. Denisov, S. Behrends, A. Henriques, M. Y. Kazarinov, F. Grancagnolo, D. Sauvage, M. Abolins, Göran Jarlskog, S. Ruehl, D. Myers, G. Kantardjian, Sergey Chekulaev, F. Bergsma, O. Cakir, A. Fallou, B. Epp, Ph. Cros, Joseph A. Paradiso, F. Giancomini, Igor Mandić, P. Jovanovic, D. Hill, M. Zamani, D.E. Dorfan, A. Kandasamy, B. Dick, E. Eisenhandler, T. Kurca, S. Petrera, S. Alforque, Davide Costanzo, M. Nagamatsu, J.D. Richardson, V. Tcherniatine, E. Kuper, W. Iwanski, J. Ota, K. Jelen, J. A. Bogaerts, Jason Lea Oliver, G. Aielli, G. Tong, V. Epchtein, L. La Rotonda, M. Yakimenko, Mauro Citterio, Emmerich Kneringer, Nikolay Nikitin, Michel Gouanère, Mihai Niculescu, W. E. Cleland, Donatella Cavalli, P. Evtukhovich, P. Haridas, Rudiger Voss, F. Etienne, G. Lenzen, P. E. L. Clarke, Peter Loch, D. Dzahini, G.L. Bashindjagian, Mario David, N. Felt, E. L. Barberio, R. Fedorchuk, W. Mohr, T. Schmid, V. Vuillemin, Didier Lacour, P. Grenier, D. La Marra, L. Mandelli, A.N. Larichev, T. K. Ohska, G. Mikenberg, C. Schumacher, M. J. Woudstra, S. Kiourkos, H. G. Moser, V.V. Sytnik, S. Vanini, Fred Wickens, Shawn McKee, J. Del Peso, P A. Delpierre, R.W. Dobinson, R. von Boehn-Bucholz, J. Sodomka, N. Sasao, F. Hartjes, R. Berthier, P.A. Cooke, H. Chakir, M. Merkin, J. Spelt, P. Stavina, V. Maximov, R.R. Mekhdiyev, M. Sessler, Jörgen Sjölin, P. Ponsot, E. Badescu, L. Vassilieva, J. Ulrichs, A. Pilling, D.V. Amelin, J. Wotschack, R. Nacasch, G. H. Trilling, D. Stephani, Richard C. Jared, Howard Gordon, F. Hogbe-Nlend, P. Pailler, Werner Riegler, R.A. Madsen, Jinan, I.G. Knowles, S. Sultansoy, Craig Blocker, D. Cauz, Ronald E. Miller, Gregor Herten, Miriam Lucio Martinez, P. Delebecque, A. Mirea, Chiara Meroni, M. P. J. Landon, Jose Flix, A. Joudon, Stefan Simion, Peter Kluit, J. E. Pilcher, Matteo Cavalli-Sforza, Alevtina Shmeleva, A. Klovning, Yona Oren, Daniel Fournier, Vladimir Cindro, H. Tischhauser, R. P. Thun, M. Moynot, Gibson, R. Wunstorf, Viktor Kramarenko, E. Gornicki, V. J. Guarino, J-Y. Hostachy, Helmuth Spieler, J. Bremer, J. Rabel, Paolo Bagnaia, A.M. Moiseev, Raimund Ströhmer, V. Simak, and A. T. Goshaw

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Atlas (topology), Atlas detector, Bibliography, Drell–Yan process, Technicolor, Supersymmetry, Particle detector, Technical design
Published
1999
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17. The evaporative cooling system for the ATLAS inner detector

Author

C. Menot, E. Vigeolas, F. McEwan, R. Apsimon, V. Sopko, Siegfried Wenig, J. Thadome, H. Sandaker, S L Nielsen, K. Fowler, A C Smith, J. Tarrant, Danilo Giugni, R. Nicholson, P Ferrari, A. Nichols, S W Lindsay, F Perez-Gomez, S Butterworth, M D Gibson, J. T. Fraser, S. McMahon, P Feraudet, E. Perrin, O. Dorholt, J P Bizzel, Tim Jones, F. Doherty, E. Anderssen, L E Batchelor, L. Luisa, A A Carter, P Bonneau, Leonardo Paolo Rossi, M. Turala, K. Egorov, Richard French, E Danilevich, P. Barclay, Jonathan Butterworth, N. Dixon, J. Kaplon, DJ Attree, Britt Anderson, S. Stapnes, Andrea Catinaccio, G Gariano, P S Wells, B. T. Gorski, John Verlin Morris, M. Doubrava, N. Massol, Koichi Nagai, M. Olcese, A. C. Falou, J N Jackson, P. Werneke, R. J. Hawkings, S Infante, J. R. Carter, P E Nordahl, Jan Godlewski, Stephen Haywood, S Katunin, J. Bendotti, M. Battistin, E. van der Kraaij, Daniel Tovey, H. O. Danielsson, M. Tyndel, A Rovani, A. Bitadze, S. D. Dixon, Richard Nickerson, N. Hartman, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M. Parodi, J. Mistry, M Galuska, Gregory David Hallewell, Heinz Pernegger, F Corbaz, S Berry, D. Muskett, N P Hessey, Vaclav Vacek, Kevin Einsweiler, I Gousakov, E Ruscino, Fred Gannaway, Richard Bates, Marek Stodulski, V Akhnazarov, G. H. A. Viehhauser, M Bosteels, I. Ilyashenko, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ATLAS

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Mechanical engineering, Cryogenics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Atlas (anatomy), 0103 physical sciences, medicine, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, ATLAS experiment, Detector, Electrical engineering, Semiconductor detector, medicine.anatomical_structure, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Evaporative cooler
Abstract

This paper describes the evaporative system used to cool the silicon detector structures of the inner detector sub-detectors of the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The motivation for an evaporative system, its design and construction are discussed. In detail the particular requirements of the ATLAS inner detector, technical choices and the qualification and manufacture of final components are addressed. Finally results of initial operational tests are reported. Although the entire system described, the paper focuses on the on-detector aspects. Details of the evaporative cooling plant will be discussed elsewhere. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Published
2008
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21. An Optically Pumped Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscope

Author

J. H. Simpson, I. A. Greenwood, and J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Angle of rotation, Physics, Inertial frame of reference, Instrumentation, Aerospace Engineering, Gyroscope, Magnetic field, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Goniometer, Atomic nucleus, Atom optics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

A model of a nuclear gyroscope has been constructed and operated which obtains its space reference information from observations of the dynamic behavior of atomic nuclei. The instrumentation results from the first practical application of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to the problem of establishing reference with respect to inertial space. By means of simultaneous observation of signals from two different kinds of nuclei in the same magnetic field it has been possible to obtain a device which measures the angle of rotation about the direction of the magnetic field, without explicit knowledge of the magnitude or stability of the magnetic field. The output corresponds to that of a single degree of freedom integrating gyroscope.

Published
1963
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24. The Time and Times of Matter, Animals, and Man

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Cognitive science, Vocabulary, B-theory of time, media_common.quotation_subject, Integrative level, Psychology, media_common
Abstract

This chapter sketches some of the considerations that led to the formulation of the theory of time as conflict, outlines the major features of that theory, articulates its assumptions, and defines its vocabulary.

Published
1978
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26. Bin ich lange fort?

Author

J. T. Fraser

Abstract

Die Erde drehte sich schon seit viereinhalb Milliarden Jahren, als einer meiner behaarten Vorfahren in der Muse eines Nachmittags seine haarigen Kinder verjagte, um in Ruhe ein Gerat zum Honigsammeln basteln zu konnen. Er dachte an seine fruheren Erfahrungen beim Honigsammeln, sah die Honigfabrikanten schwarmen und horte sogar ihr Summen, obwohl sie gar nicht da waren. Aber plotzlich hielt er in der Arbeit inne, weil in ihm ein Bild aufstieg, das er mindestens so ernst nehmen muste wie das der Bienen. Er legte sein Honigsammelwerkzeug beiseite, hob einen Stein auf und begann, eine Waffe herzustellen, mit der er das fruminose Bander-schnatzchen bekampfen konnte, das, da war er sicher, in der Nacht auftauchen und in der Wabe wirren und wimmeln wurde.1

Published
1988
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27. Brain, Mind, and the Self

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Cognitive science, Organic evolution, Integrative level, Self, The Symbolic, Set (psychology), Psychology, The Imaginary, Period (music), Ancestor
Abstract

Perhaps as long as fifteen or as recently as three million years ago, in the course of organic evolution, in one or more members of the Hominid family the organization of the central nervous system crossed a certain threshold of complexity. A portion of the new nervous system was the ancestor of the human brain. At some period during the eons between the appearance of the human brain and that of the first human groups, the brain of genus Homo assumed a number of control functions which, in due course, set man’s behaviour distinctly apart from all animal behavior. This fateful change, which commenced only perhaps 100,000 years ago, made it possible for man to work out future behavioral strategies for imaginary conditions, based on past experience. In this process an enduring entity, the self, came to be defined, and a unique method of communication developed, based on the symbolic transformation of experience.

Published
1978
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28. Problems in the Study of Time

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Computer science, Genetic learning, Mysticism, Epistemology
Abstract

There are, perhaps, only two ways in which very concise accounts of vast and complex phenomena may be given: through mathematical physics and through mysticism.

Published
1978
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30. The Freedom of the Beautiful

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Aesthetics, media_common.quotation_subject, Taste (sociology), Art, Aesthetic experience, media_common
Abstract

The human need to admire and create beautiful objects, events, and utterances is as ancient as the mind, as ubiquitous as language, and as intimate as selfhood. But there is no such thing as a uniformity of taste. On the contrary, the spectrum of what has been judged beautiful at different epochs and places is immensely wide. The non-uniformity of aesthetic judgment is much more impressive than are specific rules that might have guided peoples’ tastes.

Published
1978
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32. Frag mein Wort

Author

J. T. Fraser

Abstract

In diesem Kapitel kommen wir auf Zeitvorstellung und Zeiterfahrung zuruck — das Thema des ersten Kapitels -, weil beide tiefgreifenden revolutionaren Veranderungen unterworfen sind. Die Rolle des Menschen als Zeitmas und Zeitmesser wird den vorrangigen Bedurfnissen und Rollen der Gesellschaft als Zeitmas und Zeitmesser untergeordnet. Untergeordnet, aber nicht abgeschafft, genau wie vor langer Zeit die Rolle der Zeitmessung dem Organismus abgenommen und den Aufgaben des Verstandes zugeordnet, aber nicht abgeschafft wurde.

Published
1988
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33. Science as Truth

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Cognitive science, Logical truth, media_common.quotation_subject, Galilean transformation, symbols.namesake, Chart, Proof theory, Integrative level, symbols, Psychology, Sophistication, Organism, Umwelt, media_common
Abstract

The umwelt of an animal comprises outward projections of organized, elementary sensations. The aggregates of signs and signals within the organism which determine this Umwelt form an internal chart of reality. In the case of man, the most significant such chart is what I have called the internal map of the mind. Regardless of the sophistication of this internal map, however, its contents may be conveniently thought of as a store of knowledge. Knowledge, so understood, is identifiable through behavior and, in the case of man, through language.

Published
1978
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35. The Birth of Life, of Death, and of the 'Now'

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Orders of magnitude (bit rate), History, Aesthetics, media_common.quotation_subject, Integrative level, State of affairs, Sophistication, Autonomy, Motion (physics), media_common, Full moon, Living matter
Abstract

Living Matter is controlled by the laws of the physical world, as are volcanoes or rolling stones; organisms are so true to their environment that they even model geophysical periodicities, such as that of the rising and setting sun. Yet there is something peculiar to life which, in some subtle and some coarse ways, is expressed by all things alive. The moon, for instance, is a dog’s senior in age by ten orders of magnitude and more massive than any canine by some twenty-three orders of magnitude. Yet, when the dog bays at the full moon with fury and fear, its motion and its attitude express a restlessness and striving which makes that inconsequential mass of fur and noise substantially superior in sophistication and autonomy to that pale-faced heavenly body. How did such a state of affairs come about?

Published
1978
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38. Den Stein befrage

Author

J. T. Fraser

Abstract

Die Kunst des Gesprachs mit dem Stein heist Physik. Das Fragen und Antworten in diesem Gesprach heist Experiment. Gewohnlich dreht sich die Unterhaltung um Grose, Temperatur, Dichte, Bewegung, Ursache und Wirkung und das Wesen von Raum und Zeit in der Physik. Die Sprache ist die Mathematik.

Published
1988
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39. The roots of time in the physical world

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Power (social and political), Pragmatism, Copernican Revolution, Aesthetics, media_common.quotation_subject, Darwinism, History of ideas, Privilege (social inequality), media_common, Platonic idealism
Abstract

From platonic idealism until jamesian pragmatism, the intellectual winds of the West blew much, both hot and cold. The history of ideas is replete with headshaking and bloodshed, as man was moved from the center of the world to a small planet by the Copernican revolution, and from a station apart from nature into a position as a part of nature by the Darwinian revolution. Yet, from the privilege of retrospect, the world of physics from Aristotle to Newton may still be described as comfortable. By this I mean that the material which was to be explained, or explained away, was almost entirely that obtained by the biological, endoso-matic senses of man. Only when the power of our native biological instruments came to be enlarged through the power of the exosomatic instruments made by a sophisticated artisanry, and only, with the cumulatively growing force of quantified knowledge (perhaps from the turn of the 18th century) could certain uncomfortable suspicions arise. Physics began to ask questions that would have been unthinkable to the best of classical scientific minds.

Published
1978
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40. Wem gehören dort?

Author

J. T. Fraser

Abstract

Die beiden vorangehenden Kapitel haben deutlich gemacht, das „die Zeit, des Weltlaufs Zeugin“, oft erortert und klug berechnet worden ist. Dieses und das folgende Kapitel legen Zeugnis ab vom Zeitbegriff der Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften unserer Tage.

Published
1988
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41. Paradoxes of Time

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Character (mathematics), State (polity), Statement (logic), Epoch (reference date), media_common.quotation_subject, Philosophy, Integrative level, medicine, medicine.symptom, Mutually exclusive events, media_common, Epistemology, Confusion
Abstract

A paradox is a statement which appears as self-evidently true and without contradictions, but from which, by apprently faultless reasoning, at least two mutually exclusive conclusions may be drawn. At least since the Presocratic thinkers, many ideas connected with time have been recognized as paradoxical. Subsequent generations have slowly elaborated many of these ideas in terms of their preferred modes of explanations, yet some of the classical problems have not lost their paradoxical character. We are not interested here in historical interpretations. Instead, I shall try to state the issues briefly and clearly in ways that are acceptable in our epoch, and intend to show that the sources of some of the famous paradoxes are in the confusion that results when the hierarchical nature of time is neglected.

Published
1978
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42. Time’s Rites of Passage

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Hierarchy, Temporalities, History, B-theory of time, Integrative level, Class (philosophy), Epistemology
Abstract

So far we have been concerned mainly with the major integrative levels of nature; we have discussed the development of their temporalities, causations, unresolvable conflicts, and other determinants of their level-specific Umwelts. We did note, passim, that there exist certain processes in nature that are difficult to classify as appropriate for one or for another integrative level. They assume ambiguous positions between adjacent Umwelts: sometimes they may be classed with a specific integrative level, sometimes with the level beneath it. Such processes form the class of interfaces. Developmentally they seem to be short-lived. One knowledgeable critic of the theory of time as conflict found this feature important enough to remark that “nature does not make jumps, they used to say, but if you look at the hierarchy of complexity, she seems not to linger at intermediate stages.”

Published
1978
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43. Society and the Good

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Politics, Vision, Action (philosophy), Integrative level, media_common.quotation_subject, Social animal, Good and evil, Sociology, Form of the Good, World community, Epistemology, media_common
Abstract

Ideas of good and evil express communal preferences for praiseworthy conduct. Although, with such a general formulation, good and evil could be defined for social animals in general, our concern is man. For him, the instructions of his collectives take the form of selection rules, designed to help him choose a path of action among the many that his imagination can conjure up. The foremost arbiters of preferred behavior have been religious and political visions, so it is these that we shall consider first. Our findings will suggest that the evolutionary office of morals is the creation and maintenance of disequilibria, or conflicts of certain type, and the control of their resolutions. I shall conclude by using these ideas, and try to elucidate somewhat the crisis of meta-stability that characterizes the world community of our age.

Published
1978
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44. Ewig und drei Tage

Author

J. T. Fraser

Abstract

Homo sapiens — der denkende Mensch — hat auf die Entdeckung von Zeit und Verganglichkeit mit dem Versuch reagiert, die Endgultigkeit des Todes zu uberwinden. Menschen schufen Sprachen, mit deren Hilfe die Gesellschaft die Endlichkeit des einzelnen Mitglieds uberleben kann. Mittels der Sprache schufen sie Religionen, Philosophien und den Zauber des geschriebenen und gesprochenen Worts; so verminderten sie die Angst, die die Entdeckung der Zeit mit sich brachte. All das geschah in Kapitel 1.

Published
1988
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45. Documentation of the Brookhaven energy I-O and I-O/BESOM linkage

Author

J T Fraser

Subjects
Documentation, Linear programming, Public economics, law, Input–output model, Technological change, Economics, Linkage (mechanical), Energy consumption, Industrial engineering, Energy policy, Energy (signal processing), law.invention
Abstract

This paper documents the BNL input-output model and its linkage with the BNL linear activity analysis model, BESOM. Linking of the I-O and the linear programming (LP) models permits assessment of economy-wide impacts of future technological changes in both the energy sector and elsewhere in the economy as well as impacts arising from a wide range of government energy policies. This paper describes the development and structure of the current version of the BNL I-O model presently in use and the structural modifications of a capital-investment routine, and a balance-of-payments routine that have been incorporated. Also, the structure and solution techniques for the linked I-O/LP model are described.

Published
1978
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46. The Individual and Society

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Dialectic, Mode (music), Ingenuity, Collective identity, Integrative level, media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Position (finance), Separation of powers, Period (music), Law and economics, media_common
Abstract

During the period of history just preceding our epoch, much ingenuity was expanded on divising a means of checks and balances whereby the often opposing interests of the individual and society could be continuously reconciled. This mode of reconciliation is now under attack by doctrines which define the individual entirely in terms of its position within the collective. As a result, we are witnessing a crisis in the dialectic between the individual and the collective identities of man.

Published
1978
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47. Landkarte und Reiseroute: Eine Einleitung

Author

J. T. Fraser

Abstract

Ebbe und Flut kommen und gehen, Kinder wachsen heran, die Zeit vergeht. Das Zeit verstreicht, ist uns vertraut, der Begriff der Zeit jedoch ist seltsam fremd. Dieses Buch mochte das gefuhlsmasige Wissen um die Zeit, das jeder Leser hat, durch ein Verstehen der Zeit bereichern.

Published
1988
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48. Clockmaking — The Most General Trade

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
business.industry, Perspective (graphical), Sociology, Telecommunications, business, Connection (mathematics)
Abstract

These papers were read and discussed at a special symposium on Timekeepers and Time, sponsored by the Bulova Watch Company, Inc., and held in connection with the Second Conference of the Inter­national Society for the Study of Time. To appreciate fully the significance of these invited papers, I would like to place their themes in the perspective of the larger enterprise of which they are part, namely, that of the study of time.

Published
1975
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50. The Study of Time

Author

J. T. Fraser

Subjects
Biological clock, Exact science, Context (language use), Sociology, Social science, Epistemology
Abstract

This essay is a retrospective look at the proceedings in the context of the large-scale questions which prompted the whole venture.

Published
1972
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