10 results on '"J. Romeral"'
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2. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission
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J. A. Rodriguez-Manfredi, M. de la Torre Juárez, A. Alonso, V. Apéstigue, I. Arruego, T. Atienza, D. Banfield, J. Boland, M. A. Carrera, L. Castañer, J. Ceballos, H. Chen-Chen, A. Cobos, P. G. Conrad, E. Cordoba, T. del Río-Gaztelurrutia, A. de Vicente-Retortillo, M. Domínguez-Pumar, S. Espejo, A. G. Fairen, A. Fernández-Palma, R. Ferrándiz, F. Ferri, E. Fischer, A. García-Manchado, M. García-Villadangos, M. Genzer, S. Giménez, J. Gómez-Elvira, F. Gómez, S. D. Guzewich, A.-M. Harri, C. D. Hernández, M. Hieta, R. Hueso, I. Jaakonaho, J. J. Jiménez, V. Jiménez, A. Larman, R. Leiter, A. Lepinette, M. T. Lemmon, G. López, S. N. Madsen, T. Mäkinen, M. Marín, J. Martín-Soler, G. Martínez, A. Molina, L. Mora-Sotomayor, J. F. Moreno-Álvarez, S. Navarro, C. E. Newman, C. Ortega, M. C. Parrondo, V. Peinado, A. Peña, I. Pérez-Grande, S. Pérez-Hoyos, J. Pla-García, J. Polkko, M. Postigo, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, S. C. R. Rafkin, M. Ramos, M. I. Richardson, J. Romeral, C. Romero, K. D. Runyon, A. Saiz-Lopez, A. Sánchez-Lavega, I. Sard, J. T. Schofield, E. Sebastian, M. D. Smith, R. J. Sullivan, L. K. Tamppari, A. D. Thompson, D. Toledo, F. Torrero, J. Torres, R. Urquí, T. Velasco, D. Viúdez-Moreiras, and S. Zurita
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Space Sciences (General) - Abstract
NASA’s Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. REMS: The Environmental Sensor Suite for the Mars Science Laboratory Rover
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A. Pena, Ari-Matti Harri, Nilton O. Renno, Luis Castañer, Juan Moreno, María Paz Zorzano, I. McEwan, Henrik Kahanpää, Felipe Gómez, A. Lepinette, Miguel Ramos, F. Torrero, R. Urqui, Luis Vázquez, J. Romeral, Robert M. Haberle, Mark I. Richardson, Sara Navarro, Jesús Martínez-Frías, M. de la Torre Juárez, Lukasz Kowalski, M. A. de Pablo, Jouni Polkko, J. A. Rodríguez-Manfredi, J. Verdasca, J. Torres, Jacobo Martín, Carlos Armiens, J. Ricart, Maria Genzer, Eduardo Sebastián, V. Jiménez, Manuel Dominguez, L. Mora, Javier Martin-Torres, J. Serrano, Javier Gómez-Elvira, T. Velasco, V. Peinado, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. MNT - Grup de Recerca en Micro i Nanotecnologies
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Ultraviolet radiation ,Meteorology ,Atmosphere ,Mart (Planeta) -- Atmòsfera ,Habitability ,Temperature ,Mars ,Mars Science Laboratory ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Wind ,Mars Exploration Program ,Mars (Planet) -- Atmosphere ,Radiation assessment detector ,Pressure sensor ,Wind speed ,Relative Humidity ,Space and Planetary Science ,Martian surface ,Environmental monitoring ,Pressure ,Environmental science ,Enginyeria electrònica::Instrumentació i mesura [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Timekeeping on Mars ,Remote sensing - Abstract
The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) will investigate environ- mental factors directly tied to current habitability at the Martian surface during the Mars Sci- ence Laboratory (MSL) mission. Three major habitability factors are addressed by REMS: the thermal environment, ultraviolet irradiation, and water cycling. The thermal environment is determined by a mixture of processes, chief amongst these being the meteorological. Ac- cordingly, the REMS sensors have been designed to record air and ground temperatures, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed in the horizontal and vertical directions, as well as ultraviolet radiation in different bands. These sensors are distributed over the rover in four places: two booms located on the MSL Remote Sensing Mast, the ultraviolet sensor on the rover deck, and the pressure sensor inside the rover body. Typical daily REMS observa- tions will collect 180 minutes of data from all sensors simultaneously (arranged in 5 minute hourly samples plus 60 additional minutes taken at times to be decided during the course of the mission). REMS will add significantly to the environmental record collected by prior missions through the range of simultaneous observations including water vapor; the ability to take measurements routinely through the night; the intended minimum of one Martian year of observations; and the first measurement of surface UV irradiation. In this paper, we describe the scientific potential of REMS measurements and describe in detail the sensors that constitute REMS and the calibration procedures
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- 2012
4. Curiosity's rover environmental monitoring station: Overview of the first 100 sols
- Author
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María Paz Zorzano, Nilton O. Renno, Robert M. Haberle, Claire E. Newman, Carlos Armiens, Ari-Matti Harri, Jesús Martínez-Frías, L. Mora, Michael A. Mischna, Sara Navarro, José Antonio Rodríguez-Manfredi, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, Victoria E. Hamilton, Maria Genzer, A. Lepinette, Eduardo Sebastián, O. Kemppinen, Felipe Gómez, Henrik Kahanpää, Julio J. Romeral Planellõ, Miguel Ramos, Jouni Polkko, Javier Martin-Torres, Javier Martín Soler, Scot Rafkin, Ashwin R. Vasavada, I. Carrasco, Mark I. Richardson, J. Verdasca, J. Torres, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, V. Peinado, and Roser Urquí
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Martian ,Atmospheric pressure ,Meteorology ,Context (language use) ,Mars Exploration Program ,Surface pressure ,Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Diurnal cycle ,Environmental monitoring ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Environmental science ,Relative humidity - Abstract
In the first 100 Martian solar days (sols) of the Mars Science Laboratory mission, the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) measured the seasonally evolving diurnal cycles of ultraviolet radiation, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, ground temperature, relative humidity, and wind within Gale Crater on Mars. As an introduction to several REMS-based articles in this issue, we provide an overview of the design and performance of the REMS sensors and discuss our approach to mitigating some of the difficulties we encountered following landing, including the loss of one of the two wind sensors. We discuss the REMS data set in the context of other Mars Science Laboratory instruments and observations and describe how an enhanced observing strategy greatly increased the amount of REMS data returned in the first 100 sols, providing complete coverage of the diurnal cycle every 4 to 6 sols. Finally, we provide a brief overview of key science results from the first 100 sols. We found Gale to be very dry, never reaching saturation relative humidities, subject to larger diurnal surface pressure variations than seen by any previous lander on Mars, air temperatures consistent with model predictions and abundant short timescale variability, and surface temperatures responsive to changes in surface properties and suggestive of subsurface layering.
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- 2014
5. Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO2 and H2O of the martian atmosphere
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Chris R, Webster, Paul R, Mahaffy, Gregory J, Flesch, Paul B, Niles, John H, Jones, Laurie A, Leshin, Sushil K, Atreya, Jennifer C, Stern, Lance E, Christensen, Tobias, Owen, Heather, Franz, Robert O, Pepin, Andrew, Steele, Cherie, Achilles, Christophe, Agard, José Alexandre, Alves Verdasca, Robert, Anderson, Ryan, Anderson, Doug, Archer, Carlos, Armiens-Aparicio, Ray, Arvidson, Evgeny, Atlaskin, Andrew, Aubrey, Burt, Baker, Michael, Baker, Tonci, Balic-Zunic, David, Baratoux, Julien, Baroukh, Bruce, Barraclough, Keri, Bean, Luther, Beegle, Alberto, Behar, James, Bell, Steve, Bender, Mehdi, Benna, Jennifer, Bentz, Gilles, Berger, Jeff, Berger, Daniel, Berman, David, Bish, David F, Blake, Juan J, Blanco Avalos, Diana, Blaney, Jen, Blank, Hannah, Blau, Lora, Bleacher, Eckart, Boehm, Oliver, Botta, Stephan, Böttcher, Thomas, Boucher, Hannah, Bower, Nick, Boyd, Bill, Boynton, Elly, Breves, John, Bridges, Nathan, Bridges, William, Brinckerhoff, David, Brinza, Thomas, Bristow, Claude, Brunet, Anna, Brunner, Will, Brunner, Arnaud, Buch, Mark, Bullock, Sönke, Burmeister, Michel, Cabane, Fred, Calef, James, Cameron, John, Campbell, Bruce, Cantor, Michael, Caplinger, Javier, Caride Rodríguez, Marco, Carmosino, Isaías, Carrasco Blázquez, Antoine, Charpentier, Steve, Chipera, David, Choi, Benton, Clark, Sam, Clegg, Timothy, Cleghorn, Ed, Cloutis, George, Cody, Patrice, Coll, Pamela, Conrad, David, Coscia, Agnès, Cousin, David, Cremers, Joy, Crisp, Alain, Cros, Frank, Cucinotta, Claude, d'Uston, Scott, Davis, Mackenzie, Day, Manuel, de la Torre Juarez, Lauren, DeFlores, Dorothea, DeLapp, Julia, DeMarines, David, DesMarais, William, Dietrich, Robert, Dingler, Christophe, Donny, Bob, Downs, Darrell, Drake, Gilles, Dromart, Audrey, Dupont, Brian, Duston, Jason, Dworkin, M Darby, Dyar, Lauren, Edgar, Kenneth, Edgett, Christopher, Edwards, Laurence, Edwards, Bethany, Ehlmann, Bent, Ehresmann, Jen, Eigenbrode, Beverley, Elliott, Harvey, Elliott, Ryan, Ewing, Cécile, Fabre, Alberto, Fairén, Ken, Farley, Jack, Farmer, Caleb, Fassett, Laurent, Favot, Donald, Fay, Fedor, Fedosov, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Feldman, Marty, Fisk, Mike, Fitzgibbon, Melissa, Floyd, Lorenzo, Flückiger, Olivier, Forni, Abby, Fraeman, Raymond, Francis, Pascaline, François, Caroline, Freissinet, Katherine Louise, French, Jens, Frydenvang, Alain, Gaboriaud, Marc, Gailhanou, James, Garvin, Olivier, Gasnault, Claude, Geffroy, Ralf, Gellert, Maria, Genzer, Daniel, Glavin, Austin, Godber, Fred, Goesmann, Walter, Goetz, Dmitry, Golovin, Felipe, Gómez Gómez, Javier, Gómez-Elvira, Brigitte, Gondet, Suzanne, Gordon, Stephen, Gorevan, John, Grant, Jennifer, Griffes, David, Grinspoon, John, Grotzinger, Philippe, Guillemot, Jingnan, Guo, Sanjeev, Gupta, Scott, Guzewich, Robert, Haberle, Douglas, Halleaux, Bernard, Hallet, Vicky, Hamilton, Craig, Hardgrove, David, Harker, Daniel, Harpold, Ari-Matti, Harri, Karl, Harshman, Donald, Hassler, Harri, Haukka, Alex, Hayes, Ken, Herkenhoff, Paul, Herrera, Sebastian, Hettrich, Ezat, Heydari, Victoria, Hipkin, Tori, Hoehler, Jeff, Hollingsworth, Judy, Hudgins, Wesley, Huntress, Joel, Hurowitz, Stubbe, Hviid, Karl, Iagnemma, Steve, Indyk, Guy, Israël, Ryan, Jackson, Samantha, Jacob, Bruce, Jakosky, Elsa, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Jensen, Jeffrey, Johnson, Micah, Johnson, Steve, Johnstone, Andrea, Jones, Jonathan, Joseph, Insoo, Jun, Linda, Kah, Henrik, Kahanpää, Melinda, Kahre, Natalya, Karpushkina, Wayne, Kasprzak, Janne, Kauhanen, Leslie, Keely, Osku, Kemppinen, Didier, Keymeulen, Myung-Hee, Kim, Kjartan, Kinch, Penny, King, Laurel, Kirkland, Gary, Kocurek, Asmus, Koefoed, Jan, Köhler, Onno, Kortmann, Alexander, Kozyrev, Jill, Krezoski, Daniel, Krysak, Ruslan, Kuzmin, Jean Luc, Lacour, Vivian, Lafaille, Yves, Langevin, Nina, Lanza, Jeremie, Lasue, Stéphane, Le Mouélic, Ella Mae, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Lee, David, Lees, Matthew, Lefavor, Mark, Lemmon, Alain, Lepinette Malvitte, Richard, Léveillé, Éric, Lewin-Carpintier, Kevin, Lewis, Shuai, Li, Leslie, Lipkaman, Cynthia, Little, Maxim, Litvak, Eric, Lorigny, Guenter, Lugmair, Angela, Lundberg, Eric, Lyness, Morten, Madsen, Justin, Maki, Alexey, Malakhov, Charles, Malespin, Michael, Malin, Nicolas, Mangold, Gérard, Manhes, Heidi, Manning, Geneviève, Marchand, Mercedes, Marín Jiménez, César, Martín García, Dave, Martin, Mildred, Martin, Jesús, Martínez-Frías, Javier, Martín-Soler, F Javier, Martín-Torres, Patrick, Mauchien, Sylvestre, Maurice, Amy, McAdam, Elaina, McCartney, Timothy, McConnochie, Emily, McCullough, Ian, McEwan, Christopher, McKay, Scott, McLennan, Sean, McNair, Noureddine, Melikechi, Pierre-Yves, Meslin, Michael, Meyer, Alissa, Mezzacappa, Hayden, Miller, Kristen, Miller, Ralph, Milliken, Douglas, Ming, Michelle, Minitti, Michael, Mischna, Igor, Mitrofanov, Jeff, Moersch, Maxim, Mokrousov, Antonio, Molina Jurado, John, Moores, Luis, Mora-Sotomayor, John Michael, Morookian, Richard, Morris, Shaunna, Morrison, Reinhold, Mueller-Mellin, Jan-Peter, Muller, Guillermo, Muñoz Caro, Marion, Nachon, Sara, Navarro López, Rafael, Navarro-González, Kenneth, Nealson, Ara, Nefian, Tony, Nelson, Megan, Newcombe, Claire, Newman, Horton, Newsom, Sergey, Nikiforov, Brian, Nixon, Eldar, Noe Dobrea, Thomas, Nolan, Dorothy, Oehler, Ann, Ollila, Timothy, Olson, Miguel Ángel, de Pablo Hernández, Alexis, Paillet, Etienne, Pallier, Marisa, Palucis, Timothy, Parker, Yann, Parot, Kiran, Patel, Mark, Paton, Gale, Paulsen, Alex, Pavlov, Betina, Pavri, Verónica, Peinado-González, Laurent, Peret, Rene, Perez, Glynis, Perrett, Joe, Peterson, Cedric, Pilorget, Patrick, Pinet, Jorge, Pla-García, Ianik, Plante, Franck, Poitrasson, Jouni, Polkko, Radu, Popa, Liliya, Posiolova, Arik, Posner, Irina, Pradler, Benito, Prats, Vasily, Prokhorov, Sharon Wilson, Purdy, Eric, Raaen, Leon, Radziemski, Scot, Rafkin, Miguel, Ramos, Elizabeth, Rampe, François, Raulin, Michael, Ravine, Günther, Reitz, Nilton, Rennó, Melissa, Rice, Mark, Richardson, François, Robert, Kevin, Robertson, José Antonio, Rodriguez Manfredi, Julio J, Romeral-Planelló, Scott, Rowland, David, Rubin, Muriel, Saccoccio, Andrew, Salamon, Jennifer, Sandoval, Anton, Sanin, Sara Alejandra, Sans Fuentes, Lee, Saper, Philippe, Sarrazin, Violaine, Sautter, Hannu, Savijärvi, Juergen, Schieber, Mariek, Schmidt, Walter, Schmidt, Daniel, Scholes, Marcel, Schoppers, Susanne, Schröder, Susanne, Schwenzer, Eduardo, Sebastian Martinez, Aaron, Sengstacken, Ruslan, Shterts, Kirsten, Siebach, Tero, Siili, Jeff, Simmonds, Jean-Baptiste, Sirven, Susie, Slavney, Ronald, Sletten, Michael, Smith, Pablo, Sobrón Sánchez, Nicole, Spanovich, John, Spray, Steven, Squyres, Katie, Stack, Fabien, Stalport, Thomas, Stein, Noel, Stewart, Susan Louise Svane, Stipp, Kevin, Stoiber, Ed, Stolper, Bob, Sucharski, Rob, Sullivan, Roger, Summons, Dawn, Sumner, Vivian, Sun, Kimberley, Supulver, Brad, Sutter, Cyril, Szopa, Florence, Tan, Christopher, Tate, Samuel, Teinturier, Inge, ten Kate, Peter, Thomas, Lucy, Thompson, Robert, Tokar, Mike, Toplis, Josefina, Torres Redondo, Melissa, Trainer, Allan, Treiman, Vladislav, Tretyakov, Roser, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, Van Beek, Scott, VanBommel, David, Vaniman, Alexey, Varenikov, Ashwin, Vasavada, Paulo, Vasconcelos, Edward, Vicenzi, Andrey, Vostrukhin, Mary, Voytek, Meenakshi, Wadhwa, Jennifer, Ward, Eddie, Weigle, Danika, Wellington, Frances, Westall, Roger Craig, Wiens, Mary Beth, Wilhelm, Amy, Williams, Joshua, Williams, Rebecca, Williams, Richard B, Williams, Mike, Wilson, Robert, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Mike, Wolff, Mike, Wong, James, Wray, Megan, Wu, Charles, Yana, Albert, Yen, Aileen, Yingst, Cary, Zeitlin, Robert, Zimdar, and María-Paz, Zorzano Mier
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Atmosphere ,Martian ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Multidisciplinary ,Meteorite ,chemistry ,Stable isotope ratio ,Sample Analysis at Mars ,Carbonate ,Mars Exploration Program ,Atmosphere of Mars ,Astrobiology - Abstract
Mars' Atmosphere from Curiosity The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on the Curiosity rover that landed on Mars in August last year is designed to study the chemical and isotopic composition of the martian atmosphere. Mahaffy et al. (p. 263 ) present volume-mixing ratios of Mars' five major atmospheric constituents (CO 2 , Ar, N 2 , O 2 , and CO) and isotope measurements of 40 Ar/ 36 Ar and C and O in CO 2 , based on data from one of SAM's instruments, obtained between 31 August and 21 November 2012. Webster et al. (p. 260 ) used data from another of SAM's instruments obtained around the same period to determine isotope ratios of H, C, and O in atmospheric CO 2 and H 2 O. Agreement between the isotopic ratios measured by SAM with those of martian meteorites, measured in laboratories on Earth, confirms the origin of these meteorites and implies that the current atmospheric reservoirs of CO 2 and H 2 O were largely established after the period of early atmospheric loss some 4 billion years ago.
- Published
- 2013
6. REMS: The Environmental Sensor Suite for the Mars Science Laboratory Rover
- Author
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J. Gómez-Elvira, C. Armiens, L. Castañer, M. Domínguez, M. Genzer, F. Gómez, R. Haberle, A.-M. Harri, V. Jiménez, H. Kahanpää, L. Kowalski, A. Lepinette, J. Martín, J. Martínez-Frías, I. McEwan, L. Mora, J. Moreno, S. Navarro, M. A. de Pablo, V. Peinado, A. Peña, J. Polkko, M. Ramos, N. O. Renno, J. Ricart, M. Richardson, J. Rodríguez-Manfredi, J. Romeral, E. Sebastián, J. Serrano, M. de la Torre Juárez, J. Torres, F. Torrero, R. Urquí, L. Vázquez, T. Velasco, J. Verdasca, M.-P. Zorzano, and J. Martín-Torres
- Published
- 2012
7. Analysis of demagnetization faults in surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors with symmetric windings
- Author
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J. Urresty, Harold Saavedra, Jordi-Roger Riba, J. Romeral, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Elèctrica, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. MCIA - Motion Control and Industrial Applications Research Group
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Engineering ,Motors d'imants permanents ,business.industry ,Rotor (electric) ,Physics::Medical Physics ,Demagnetizing field ,Electrical engineering ,Demagnetization ,Permanent magnet motors ,Desmagnetització ,Structural engineering ,Permanent magnet synchronous generator ,Fault (power engineering) ,law.invention ,Electromagnetic coil ,law ,Magnet ,business ,Synchronous motor ,Voltage - Abstract
This paper analyzes a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor with symmetric winding configuration running under demagnetization fault. The analysis is based on 2D FEM simulations which includes rotor magnet skewed effects. Two types of demagnetization are analyzed; uniform and local demagnetization. It is proposed the use of zero-sequence voltage component for fault diagnosis purposes. Simulations and experimental results show the suitability of the method.
- Published
- 2011
8. An Autonomous System for the Locomotion of a Hexapod Exploration Robot
- Author
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Sara Navarro-Lopez, Javier Gomez-Elvira, Pablo Munoz-Martinez, María D. R-Moreno, and Julio J. Romeral-Planello
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Robot kinematics ,Hexapod ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Trajectory ,Robot ,Control engineering ,Mobile robot ,Executor ,Motion control ,business ,Autonomous system (mathematics) - Abstract
Ptinto is a hexapod robot designed to keep the equilibrium when moving around rocky and cumbersome areas during the exploration of the Tinto river in Huelva (Spain). We have developed an integrated planning and scheduling system called PIPSS to control the locomotion of the P-Tinto robot. PIPSS tries to make the better moves for the legs in order to keep the right balance and calculate the trajectory between two points. It exchanges information with an executor system that execute the plan, and in case there are some obstacles that Ptinto cannot avoid, a new trajectory will be re-calculated.
- Published
- 2009
9. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission.
- Author
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Rodriguez-Manfredi JA, de la Torre Juárez M, Alonso A, Apéstigue V, Arruego I, Atienza T, Banfield D, Boland J, Carrera MA, Castañer L, Ceballos J, Chen-Chen H, Cobos A, Conrad PG, Cordoba E, Del Río-Gaztelurrutia T, de Vicente-Retortillo A, Domínguez-Pumar M, Espejo S, Fairen AG, Fernández-Palma A, Ferrándiz R, Ferri F, Fischer E, García-Manchado A, García-Villadangos M, Genzer M, Giménez S, Gómez-Elvira J, Gómez F, Guzewich SD, Harri AM, Hernández CD, Hieta M, Hueso R, Jaakonaho I, Jiménez JJ, Jiménez V, Larman A, Leiter R, Lepinette A, Lemmon MT, López G, Madsen SN, Mäkinen T, Marín M, Martín-Soler J, Martínez G, Molina A, Mora-Sotomayor L, Moreno-Álvarez JF, Navarro S, Newman CE, Ortega C, Parrondo MC, Peinado V, Peña A, Pérez-Grande I, Pérez-Hoyos S, Pla-García J, Polkko J, Postigo M, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Rafkin SCR, Ramos M, Richardson MI, Romeral J, Romero C, Runyon KD, Saiz-Lopez A, Sánchez-Lavega A, Sard I, Schofield JT, Sebastian E, Smith MD, Sullivan RJ, Tamppari LK, Thompson AD, Toledo D, Torrero F, Torres J, Urquí R, Velasco T, Viúdez-Moreiras D, and Zurita S
- Abstract
NASA's Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft., (© The Author(s) 2021.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. SOLID3: a multiplex antibody microarray-based optical sensor instrument for in situ life detection in planetary exploration.
- Author
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Parro V, de Diego-Castilla G, Rodríguez-Manfredi JA, Rivas LA, Blanco-López Y, Sebastián E, Romeral J, Compostizo C, Herrero PL, García-Marín A, Moreno-Paz M, García-Villadangos M, Cruz-Gil P, Peinado V, Martín-Soler J, Pérez-Mercader J, and Gómez-Elvira J
- Subjects
- Immunoassay, Mars, Perchlorates analysis, Ultrasonics, Antibodies immunology, Exobiology instrumentation, Extraterrestrial Environment chemistry, Optical Devices, Planets, Protein Array Analysis instrumentation, Space Flight instrumentation
- Abstract
The search for unequivocal signs of life on other planetary bodies is one of the major challenges for astrobiology. The failure to detect organic molecules on the surface of Mars by measuring volatile compounds after sample heating, together with the new knowledge of martian soil chemistry, has prompted the astrobiological community to develop new methods and technologies. Based on protein microarray technology, we have designed and built a series of instruments called SOLID (for "Signs Of LIfe Detector") for automatic in situ detection and identification of substances or analytes from liquid and solid samples (soil, sediments, or powder). Here, we present the SOLID3 instrument, which is able to perform both sandwich and competitive immunoassays and consists of two separate functional units: a Sample Preparation Unit (SPU) for 10 different extractions by ultrasonication and a Sample Analysis Unit (SAU) for fluorescent immunoassays. The SAU consists of five different flow cells, with an antibody microarray in each one (2000 spots). It is also equipped with an exclusive optical package and a charge-coupled device (CCD) for fluorescent detection. We demonstrated the performance of SOLID3 in the detection of a broad range of molecular-sized compounds, which range from peptides and proteins to whole cells and spores, with sensitivities at 1-2 ppb (ng mL⁻¹) for biomolecules and 10⁴ to 10³ spores per milliliter. We report its application in the detection of acidophilic microorganisms in the Río Tinto Mars analogue and report the absence of substantial negative effects on the immunoassay in the presence of 50 mM perchlorate (20 times higher than that found at the Phoenix landing site). Our SOLID instrument concept is an excellent option with which to detect biomolecules because it avoids the high-temperature treatments that may destroy organic matter in the presence of martian oxidants.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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